Technological maps for the repair of the transformer. Repair of power transformers. Protective equipment, devices, tools, fixtures and materials

Current repair of transformers with a capacity of 10,000 - 63,000 kV-A 1. Composition of performers

Electromechanic - 1

Terms of work

The work is being done:

2.1. With stress relief

2.2. Alongside

Preparatory work and work permit

4.1. On the eve of the work, apply for the withdrawal of the trans for repair
formatter.

4.2. Check the serviceability and expiration dates of protective equipment, devices
ditch, prepare tools, mounting fixtures and materials.

4.3. After issuing an order to the work foreman, receive instructions from
the person who issued the order.

4.4. Operational personnel to prepare the workplace.
For the foreman to check the implementation of technical measures for
workplace preparation.

4.5. Get the team to work.

4.6. The foreman to instruct the members of the brigade and clearly
distribute responsibilities among them.

End of technological card No. 2.2.

Note. All operations with oil filled and 110-220 kV bushings must be carried out in cooperation with a RRU specialist.

Completion of works

Technological map No. 2.3. Current repair of autotransformers for voltage 110-220 kV

Cast

Electromechanic - 1

Traction substation electrician 4th category - 1

Traction substation electrician 3rd category - 1

Terms of work

The work is being done:

2.1. With stress relief

2.2. Alongside

3. Protective equipment, devices, tools, fixtures and materials:

Safety helmets, safety belt, ladder, grounding, shorts, dielectric gloves, megohmmeter for voltage 1000 and 2500 V, stopwatch, thermometer, level, pump with pressure gauge and hose, wrenches, combination pliers, screwdrivers, scraper, brushes, container for draining sediment, glass containers with a ground stopper for oil sampling, indicator silica gel, silica gel, transformer oil, TsIA-TIM lubricant, white spirit, moisture-oil-resistant varnish or enamel, spare oil-indicating glasses, rubber gaskets, cleaning material, rag

Technological map No. 2.4. Current repair of transformers with a capacity of 40 - 630 kV-A

Cast

Electromechanic - 1

Traction substation electrician 3rd category - 1

Terms of work

The work is being done:

2.1. With stress relief

2.2. Alongside

3. Protective equipment, devices, tools, fixtures and materials:

Safety helmets, safety belt, ladder, grounding, shorts, dielectric gloves, megohmmeter for voltage 1000 and 2500 V, stopwatch, thermometer, level, pump with pressure gauge and hose, wrenches, combination pliers, screwdrivers, scraper, brushes, container for draining sediment, glass containers with a ground stopper for oil sampling, indicator silica gel, silica gel, zeolite, transformer oil, CIATIM lubricant, white spirit, moisture-oil-resistant varnish or enamel, spare oil-indicating glasses, rubber gaskets, cleaning material, rag

Oil circuit breakers

Continuation of technological map No. 3.1.

Cast

Electromechanic - 1

Traction substation electrician 4 categories - 1 Traction substation electrician 3 categories - 1

Terms of work

The work is being done:

2.1. With stress relief

2.2. Alongside

3. Protective equipment, devices, tools, fixtures and materials:

Safety helmets, safety belt, ladder, grounding, short circuits, dielectric gloves, megohmmeter for voltage 1000 and 2500 V, electric stopwatch, wrenches, combined pliers, screwdrivers, scraper, brushes, glass containers with a ground stopper for oil sampling, silica gel indicator, silica gel, transformer oil, CIATIM grease, white spirit, insulating varnish, spare oil-indicating glasses, rubber gaskets, cleaning material, rags

Cast

Electromechanic - 1

Traction substation electrician 3rd category - 1

Terms of work

The work is being done:

2.1. With stress relief

2.2. Alongside

3. Protective equipment, devices, tools, fixtures and materials:

Protective helmets, safety belt, ladder, grounding, short circuits, dielectric gloves, megohmmeter for voltage 1000 and 2500 V, LVI-100 test facility, electric stopwatch, wrenches, combined pliers, screwdrivers, scraper, brushes, transformer oil, CIATIM lubricant, white spirit, insulating varnish, spare oil-indicating glasses, rubber gaskets, cleaning material, rags

Completion of works

6.1. Collect instruments, tools, fixtures and materials.

6.2. Return to the switchboard traction substation.

6.3. Hand over the workplace to the admitting and close the outfit

6.4. Record the results of the measurements taken in a protocol.

Cast

Electromechanic - 1

Traction substation electrician 3rd category - 1

Terms of work

The work is being done:

2.1. With stress relief

2.2. Alongside

3. Protective equipment, devices, tools, fixtures and materials:

Protective helmets, grounding, short circuits, dielectric gloves, megohmmeter for voltage 1000 and 2500 V, electric stopwatch, wrenches, combination pliers, screwdrivers, scraper, transformer oil, TsIA-TIM grease, white spirit, insulating varnish, spare oil-indicating glasses, rubber pads, cleaning material, rags

Completion of works

6.1. Collect instruments, tools, fixtures and materials.

6.2. Return to the switchboard traction substation.

6.3. Hand over the workplace to the admitting and close the outfit

6.4. Record the results of the measurements taken in a protocol.

Cast

Electromechanic - 1

Traction substation electrician 4th category - 1

Terms of work

The work is being done:

2.1. With stress relief

2.2. Alongside

3. Protective equipment, devices, tools, fixtures and materials:

Megaohmmeter for voltage 500 and 2500 V, tester, electric soldering iron, vacuum cleaner, calibration wrench, wrenches, combined pliers, screwdrivers, files, scraper, control lamp, hair brush, wooden ladder, ladder, white spirit, cleaning material, CIATIM lubricant

Completion of works

6.1. Collect instruments, tools, fixtures and materials.

6.2. Return to the switchboard traction substation.

6.3. Hand over the workplace to the admitting and close the outfit

6.4. Record the results of the measurements taken in a protocol.

Cast

Electromechanic - 1

Traction substation electrician 4th category - 1

Terms of work

The work is being done:

2.1. With stress relief

2.2. Alongside

3. Protective equipment, devices, tools, fixtures and materials:

Ohmmeter, portable lamp, vacuum cleaner, wrenches and socket wrenches, screwdrivers, ruler, caliper, files, scraper, wire brush, set of probes, files for cleaning switch contacts, wooden stick, sandpaper, white and carbon paper, white spirit, lubricant CIATIM, rags, cleaning material

Cast

Electromechanic - 1

Traction substation electrician 4th category - 1

Terms of work

The work is being done:

2.1. With stress relief

2.2. Alongside

3. Protective equipment, devices, tools, fixtures and materials:

Stopwatch, portable lamp, vacuum cleaner, wrenches and socket wrenches, screwdrivers, ruler, caliper, files, scraper, wire brush, set of probes, files for cleaning switch contacts, glass cloth, wooden stick, sandpaper, white and carbon paper, white spirit, TsIA-TIM lubricant, rags, cleaning material

Transformers Technological map No. 2.1.

) on open switchgears, in the preparation of projects for the organization of construction (POS) and projects for the production of electrical work (PPER).

Current transformers of the TFZM and TFRM series (single-phase, electromagnetic, oil, outdoor installation, reference type) are designed to transmit information signals to measuring instruments, protection and control devices in alternating current installations.

Current transformers (hereinafter referred to as "transformers”) TFZM 500 B and TFRM 750 A are made in the form of two stages (lower and upper), the rest are single-stage. Transformers 220 - 750 kV have a screen on the expander, and two-stage transformers, in addition, have an additional screen that closes the joint of the steps.

The technological map contains instructions for organizinginstallations and installation technologies, a list of mechanisms, tools, information on the cost of materials, labor costing and work schedules.

It is assumed in the map that the work associated with the installation of transformers is carried out directly at the installation site, at the place of their installation.

All calculated indicators in the map are given for the installation of one group (three phases) of transformers.

Labor costs for adjustment work, installation schedules andcalculations are not taken into account.

The technological map was developed in accordance with the "Guidelines for the development of standard technological maps in construction." M., TsNIIOMTP Gosstroy of the USSR, 1987.

Forbids to open transformers and take oil samples.

Installation should be carried out with the participation of the chief engineer of the manufacturer.

Technical criteria and controls for operations and processes are given in Table. . Acceptance control of mounted transformers is carried out in accordance with SNiP 3.05.06-85. Upon acceptance of work, documentation is presented in accordance with the list of appendices. .

The results of the analysis of the organization of labor and measures to improve it.

Technological maps provide a detailed technically sound description of operations for the current repair of equipment of traction substations, substations and PPS and must be strictly observed when performing work. They define the categories of work in relation to security measures, the composition of the performers and their qualifications, set out the basic requirements that ensure the safety of personnel. The number of performers and security measures in the preparation of the workplace are specified by the order (order) issued for the production of work.

The name of the position of an electrician in this collection is accepted in accordance with the Qualification characteristics and categories of remuneration for positions of managers, specialists and employees according to the industry tariff scale (approved by the indication of the Ministry of Railways dated 10/18/96 No. A-914u) and the Collection of changes and additions to qualification characteristics and payment categories labor positions of managers, specialists and employees according to the industry wage scale (Moscow, PVC of the Ministry of Railways of the Russian Federation, 1999). The name of the profession and the category of qualification of an electrician of a traction substation - according to the Unified Tariff and Qualification Reference Book of Works and Professions of Workers (ETKS), Issue 56 and the Collection of Tariff and Qualification Characteristics of the Professions of Workers Employed in Railway Transport (Moscow, PVC MPS RF, 1999).

When performing the work provided for in the collection, instruments, tools and devices manufactured by the electrical industry and designed specifically for work in electrical installations of traction substations are used. Recommended lists of them are given in each technological map. In addition to the recommended ones, other types of devices with similar or close characteristics can be used.

Performers must be provided with the necessary tools, devices and fixtures that meet the technical conditions. They are cared for by the personnel performing the main work.

All service personnel involved in the processes must have sufficient experience and pass the safety test.

The limits of numerical indicators given in the collection, in which “up to” is indicated, should be understood inclusively, “not less than” - are the smallest.

When this collection is published, the collection “Cards of technological processes for capital, current repairs and preventive tests of specific equipment of traction substations of electrified railways”, approved on 14.01.94 by the Ministry of Railways of the Russian Federation, No. TsEE-2, becomes invalid.

2. Transformers Technological map No. 2.1.

Current repair of power transformers10000 - 63000 kVA1. Cast

Electromechanic - 1

Traction substation electrician 4th category - 1

Traction substation electrician 3rd category - 1

2. Terms of work

The work is being done:

With stress relief

Alongside

3. Protective equipment, devices, tools, fixtures and materials:

Safety helmets, safety belt, ladder, grounding, shorts, dielectric gloves, megohmmeter for voltage 1000 and 2500 V, stopwatch, thermometer, level, pump with pressure gauge and hose, wrenches, combination pliers, screwdrivers, scraper, brushes, container for draining sediment, glass containers with a ground stopper for oil sampling, indicator silica gel, silica gel, transformer oil, TsIA-TIM lubricant, white spirit, moisture-oil-resistant varnish or enamel, spare oil-indicating glasses, rubber gaskets, cleaning material, rag

4. Preparatory work and admission to work

On the eve of the work, submit an application for taking the transformer out for repair.

Check the serviceability and expiration dates of protective equipment, devices, prepare tools, mounting devices and materials.

After issuing the work order, the work foreman should be instructed by the person who issued the work order.

4.4. Operational personnel to prepare the workplace. For the foreman to check the implementation of technical measures for the preparation of the workplace.

Get the team to work.

The foreman should instruct the members of the team and clearly allocate responsibilities between them.

End of technology card№ 2.2.

Note. All operations with oil filled and 110-220 kV bushings must be carried out in cooperation with a RRU specialist.

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CHART (TTK)

ORGANIZATION OF WORK TO REPLACE KTP 6-10 / 0.4 KV

1 AREA OF USE

A typical technological map has been developed for the organization of labor to replace the KTP 6-10 / 0.4 kV.

COMPLETE TRANSFORMER SUBSTATIONS

ELECTRICAL WIRING DIAGRAMS OF SUBSTATION 6-10/0.38 kV

A complete transformer substation (KTP) is a substation consisting of transformers and blocks supplied assembled or fully prepared for assembly.

Transformer substations 6-10/0, 38 kV are single- and two-transformer, dead-end and through type. At dead-end substations, a disconnector with grounding knives and fuses are provided on the higher voltage side (Fig. 1 and 2).

Fig.1. Wiring diagram of KTP 10/0.4 kV with a power of 25 and 40 kVA:

1 - Line disconnecting point 10 kV (LRP); 2 - valve arrester RVO-10; 3 - transformer TM-25/10 - TM-40/10;

4 - fuse PK-1; 5 - knife switch RP-313; 6 - arrester RVN-1U1; 7 - current transformer TK-20U3; 8 - A3700 automatic switch; 9 - automatic switch AP50-2MZTO; 10 - magnetic starter PME-211; 11 - photorelay FR-2

Fig.2. Wiring diagram of KTP 10/0.4 kV with a power of 63-160 kVA:

1 - LRP 10 kV; 2 - valve arrester RVO-10; 3 - transformer TM-63/10 - TM-160/10; 4 - fuse PK-1; 5 - knife switch RP-313;

6 - arresters RVN-1U1; 7 - current transformer TK-20; 8 - circuit breaker A3700; 9 - magnetic starter PME-211;

10 - photorelay FR-2

At the walk-through substations in the circuits of 6-10 kV lines, load switches are installed (Fig. 3 and 4).

Fig.3. Electrical connection diagrams of KTP 10 / 0.4 kV through-type with a capacity of 250-630 kV-A (KTPP-V-630-2, KTPP-K-630-2).

On the outgoing lines of 0.38 kV, automatic switches are installed:

1 - transformer TM-250/10 - TM-630/10; 2 - 4 - switch VN-11 with drives PR-17, PR-10; 5 - valve arrester RVO-10; 6 - valve arrester RVN-1U1, 7 - BV block-switch;

8 - current transformer TK-20; 9 - active energy meter SACHU-I672M; 10 12 - resistor PE-75; 13 - fuse Ts27PP-6-2; 14 - fuse Ts27PP-15-2; 15 - package switch; 16 - magnetic starter PME-211;

17 - photorelay FR-2; eighteen, 19 - automatic switches А3700; 20 - batch switch; 21 - thermal relay TRN-10;

22 - maximum current relay RE-571T; 23 - intermediate relay RP-41; 24 - lamp NB-27

Fig.4. Wiring diagram of KTP 10 / 0.4 kV through type with a power of 250-630 kVA (KTPP-V-630-2, KTPP-K-630-2).

Fuses are installed on 0.38 kV outgoing lines

1 - transformer TM-250/10 - TM-630/10; 2 - fuse PK-10N; 3 - RVZ-10/400 disconnector with PR-10 drive; 4 - switch VN-11 with drives PR-17, PR-10; 5 - valve arrester RVO-10; 6 - valve arrester RVN-1U1; 7 - BV block-switch;

8 - Drain transformer TK-20; 9 - active energy meter SACHU-I672M; 10 - packet switch; 11 - voltmeter E-378;

12 - resistor PE-75; 13 - fuse Ts27PP-6-2; 14 - fuse Ts27PP-15-2; 15 - package switch; 16 - magnetic starter PME-211; 17 - photorelay FR-2; 18 - fuse block - BPV switch; 19 - packet switch; 20 - lamp NB-27;

21 - socket SHR

The power transformer is connected to the 6-10 kV busbars through a disconnector with grounding knives and fuses. The input from the power transformer to the 0.38 kV buses is carried out through a knife switch. Three to five (depending on the power of the transformer) lines of 0.38 kV depart from the tires through air circuit breakers or fuses to power electrical receivers and a street lighting line equipped with a magnetic starter, which is turned on and off automatically from a photo relay.

PROTECTION OF SUBSTATIONS 6-10/0.38 kV FROM SHORT CIRCUIT AND OVERVOLTAGE.

ACCOUNTING FOR ELECTRICITY

Protection of power transformers against short-circuit currents(Short circuit) from the higher voltage side is carried out by fuses of the PK-10 type. The rated current of the fuse-links, depending on the power of the power transformer, is:

On the outgoing lines of 0.38 kV, air circuit breakers are installed that perform the functions of both protective and operational devices, or a switch block - fuse.

At substations with transformers of 25 and 40 kVA, automatic switches AP50 are installed, having a maximum allowable short-circuit current of 1500 A. At substations with transformers of 63-630 kVA, automatic switches of the A3700, AE2000 series are installed. The circuit breakers are equipped with combined releases having both thermal and electromagnetic elements. Short circuit currents in rural distribution networks are small (commensurate with the maximum line currents), especially for single-phase short circuits. This is due to the large length of lines and small cross-sections of wires. In this regard, current protections are used, installed in the neutral wire of the line,

AP50 type circuit breakers have a special release in the neutral wire, and A3700 and AE2000 switches have a remote release operating from a RE-571T type current relay installed in the neutral wire or a ZT-0.4 attachment. Two-transformer substations are produced without ATS on the 0.38 kV side, and by special order it can be supplied with ATS (Fig. 5). On the street lighting line, the different phases of which are laid in different directions, fuses of the Ts-27PP type are installed.

Fig.5. Scheme of electrical connections of two-transformer KTP 10/0.4 kV feed-through type

power 2 x (250 - 630) kVA (KTPP-V-2 x 630-4KTPP-K-2 x 630-4):

1 - transformer TM-250/10 - TM-630/10; 2 - fuse PK-10N; 3 - RVZ-10/400 disconnector with PR-10 drive; 4 - switch BH-11 with drives PR-17, PR-10; 5 - valve arrester RVO-10; 6 - valve arrester RVN-1U1; 7 - BV block-switch;

8 - current transformer TK-20; 9 - active energy meter SACHU-I672M; 10 - package switch; 11 - voltmeter E-378; 12 - resistor PE-75; 13 - fuse Ts27PP-6-2; 14 - fuse Ts27PP-15-2; 15 - package switch; 16 - magnetic starter PME-211;

17 - photorelay FR-2; 18 - fuse block - BPV switch; 19 - block fuse; 20 - packet switch; 21 - lamp NB-27; 22 - socket SHR

The number of lines, the types of circuit breakers installed on them, the rated currents of the circuit breakers and the rated currents of the fuse links, depending on the power of the substation and the manufacturer, are given in Tables 1.1-1.3.

Table 1.1

Table 1.2

Circuit breakers installed on outgoing lines

Table 1.3

Rated currents of fuse links of type PN2 fuses installed on outgoing lines

Protection of substation equipment against surges carried out by valve arresters RVO-10 on the side of higher voltage and RVN-1 on the side of 0.38 kV.

Accounting for active electricity at the substation is carried out by a three-phase meter of the SACHU-I672 type, connected to the network through current transformers. The substation is grounded: the neutral of the transformer from the low voltage side, all metal parts of structures, apparatus and equipment.

DESIGNS OF SUBSTATIONS 6-10/0.38 kV

Complete transformer substation of dead-end type with a capacity of 25-160 kVA consists of three main parts: a 0.38 kV switchgear, a high voltage fuse box and a power transformer (Fig. 6). The power transformer is located behind the substation, under the high voltage fuse box. The insulators of the power transformer are closed with a special casing, which is attached to the rear wall of the cabinet. The input of 6-10 kV is carried out through bushings. A bracket is provided for fixing low voltage insulators.

Fig.6. General view of PTS 10/0.4 kV dead-end type with a capacity of 25-160 kVA

Substations are mounted on two reinforced concrete foundations-racks installed in drilled pits (Fig. 7). The following can be accepted as foundations: racks of the USO-ZA type (length 3.6 m), attachments of the type PT-2.2-4.25 (length 4.25) and T-shaped foundations.

A 10 kV disconnector with a drive is installed on the end support of a 10 kV overhead line. The removal of the disconnector to the end support allows you to perform all the necessary work at the substation when the voltage is off.

In accordance with the PUE, unenclosed PTS must have a distance from the ground to the high voltage input (6-10 kV) of at least 4.5 m. Such PTS are installed on foundations, the height of which must be at least 1.8 m from ground level.

Fig.7. Installation of KTP 10/0.4 kV with a capacity of 25-160 kVA

PTS with a capacity of 250 kVA are produced, which differ from PTS 25-160 kVA by the size of the switchgear 0.38 kV and the frame for installing the PTS.

Complete transformer substation of pass-through type with a capacity of 250-630 kV· BUT is a single block with dimensions of 3330x2250x4300 mm and consists of three units: low, high voltage and a power transformer. High voltage inputs and low voltage outputs can be air (Fig. 8) or cable (Fig. 10). The substation is installed on four reinforced concrete racks fixed in drilled pits. It is possible to install the PTS on two racks laid horizontally on a sandy base. This option is allowed for rocky soils with large pebbles and boulders.

Fig.8. General view of PTS 10/0.4 kV through-type with air inlets up to 630 kVA

A complete transformer substation of a feed-through type with a capacity of 250-630 kVA is a single block with a size of 4300x2320x1900 mm and consists of three nodes: low, high voltage and a power transformer (Fig. 9). High voltage bushings - air.

Fig.9. General view of PTS 10/0.4 kV through-type with air inlets up to 630 kVA

Fig.10. General view of PTS 10/0.4 kV dead-end type with cable entry up to 630 kVA

A two-transformer complete transformer substation of a through-type type with a capacity of 2x (250-630) kVA consists of two blocks measuring 3300x2250x4300 mm, each of which includes three nodes: low and high voltages and a power transformer. The blocks are interconnected by two boxes (Fig..11 and 12).

Fig.11. Two-transformer PTS 10/0.4 kV feed-through type with cable glands with power up to 2x630 kVA

Fig.12. Two-transformer PTS 10/0.4 kV through-type with air bushings with power up to 2x630 kVA

2. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

Table 2.1

1. All work must be carried out in parallel, on a disconnected and grounded electrical installation, under the guidance of a responsible work manager. In the order, indicate the type and registration number of the crane. In the line "Separate instructions" make an entry about the appointment of an employee responsible for the safe performance of work by cranes.

2. Arriving at the place of work, check the order and the scheme with the inscriptions on the KTP on the conformity of the place of arrival.

3. Before starting work, check the condition of the grounding, the base of the transformer substation, the racks, the fastening of the stairs, the platform.

4. Carry out lifting work under the guidance and commands of the responsible work manager.

5. KTP prepared on the basis of the enterprise.

Workplace preparation scheme

Fig.13. Workplace preparation scheme

Table 2.2

Fig.14. Truck crane installation scheme

3. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE QUALITY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

Table 2.3

Technical characteristics of KTP outdoor installation

4. MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES

Technical equipment of works

ACCESSORIES AND MATERIALS

Devices, tools, inventory

5. ENVIRONMENT AND SAFETY REGULATIONS

TB rules and regulations

1. Intersectoral rules on labor protection during the operation of electrical installations. POT R N M-016-2001

2. Intersectoral rules for labor protection when working at height POT R N M-012-2000.

3. Instructions for the use and testing of protective equipment used in electrical installations.

4. Rules for the installation of electrical installations.

5. Rules for the design and safe operation of cranes. PB 10-382-00.

6. Intersectoral rules for labor protection during loading and unloading operations and placement of goods POT R N M-007-98.

7. Intersectoral rules for labor protection in the operation of industrial vehicles POT R N M-008-99.

8. Rules for the use of tools and devices for the repair and installation of power equipment.

Remedies

Special conditions for work

1. Work should be carried out along the line, on a disconnected and grounded overhead line.

2. Support-rod insulators to be replaced on the disconnector must pass acoustic emission control.

SAFETY

Occupational safety is part of the overall set of labor protection measures that ensure healthy, rational and safe working conditions in production.

Complete safety of workers is ensured by electrical safety rules and fire prevention measures.

Workers entering the repair enterprise must be instructed on the general rules of labor safety, electrical safety rules, behavior at the workplace when repairing electrical equipment, and internal regulations.

Measures to ensure electrical safety

Electrical installations and devices must be in perfect working order, for which, in accordance with the operating rules, they must be periodically checked. Non-conductive parts that may become energized as a result of insulation breakdown must be reliably grounded.

It is forbidden to carry out work or testing of electrical equipment and apparatus under voltage, in the absence or malfunction of protective equipment, blocking fences or grounding circuits. For local portable lighting, special lamps with lamps for a voltage of 12 V should be used. It is prohibited to use faulty or untested power tools (electric drills, soldering irons, welding and other transformers). In rooms with an increased risk of electric shock (damp, with conductive floors, dusty), work must be carried out with special precautions. Great importance is attached to protective equipment.

Guidelines for safe work practices should be PTE and PTB, as well as local or departmental instructions.

Safety measures in the production of locksmith and machine work

When working with a hammer and chisel, when sharpening a tool on an emery wheel, you need to use only a serviceable tool. It is forbidden to lengthen wrenches, hit the wrench, and unscrew nuts and bolts with a chisel and hammer. The chisel must be at least 150 mm long and its striking part must not be broken. Tool sharpening must be done with goggles.

The handles of hammers, sledgehammers, files, screwdrivers must be of a certain length, securely fastened, smoothly processed and made of dry hardwood (birch, beech). Wrenches may only be used according to the size of the nuts and bolt heads; when tightening nuts and bolts, do not install linings between the edges of the key and the nut, the latter can break out and injure.

Only qualified workers who have undergone special instructions are allowed to work independently on the machines. To ensure safety, all rotating parts of the machine (gear wheels, pulleys) must be protected by special shields, casings or nets. Sleeves working must be tightly tied at the wrist to prevent them from getting into the rotating parts of the machine. Protective goggles should be worn when working on metal-cutting machines.

In the manufacture of windings or bandages, care must be taken that fingers do not fall under the wound wire. It is forbidden to align the wires on the templates of the winding machines during the operation of the latter. When installing the rotor in the centers of the machine, bandaging, balancing or in order to cut off the frontal part of the winding, it is necessary to securely fasten the tailstock of the machine so that during rotation the rotor would not break out of the centers and fall on the feet of the worker.

Safety measures at repair sites

In the winding and insulating section, special attention should be paid to working with insulation containing glass. In this case, there is a risk of contact with the skin of small particles of glass, causing severe skin irritation. To avoid this, wires with fiberglass insulation are pre-impregnated in a liquid varnish, and then dried to a semi-moist state. In this state, the wire is used to wind coil sections.

Welding or soldering of the ends of the windings can only be done with protective glasses, as accidental drops of solder can get into the eyes.

At the impregnating-drying areas, special attention is paid to working with paints and varnishes and their solvents. They are flammable, flammable, and their vapors are explosive! It is necessary to store these substances separately from other materials in rooms with reliable ventilation and well-closing metal doors. A small amount of paints and varnishes can be stored in a lockable iron box at a temperature not lower than +8 and not higher than +25 °C. Containers for storing varnishes and paints must be tightly closed, labeled and in good condition. The container must not be left open. The vacated container is immediately handed over to the warehouse.

At workplaces, flammable and combustible materials may be in quantities of one-day consumption, subject to fire safety.

For long-term storage of varnishes, enamels and especially solvents, it is recommended to fill bottle caps, tanks and lids of cans with MB-70 MB-90 cable mass or bitumen with the addition of 10% transformer oil.

It is forbidden to open containers with paints and varnishes with steel tools in order to avoid sparks and ignition!

Some solvents are harmful to human skin. When working with them, put on thin rubber (medical) gloves. If the solvent comes into contact with the skin, wash your hands immediately with soap and water.

When immersing products in the impregnating bath, they should not be allowed to fall in order to avoid splashing of the impregnating solution. When rolling the trolley with parts into the drying oven, the trolley must be pushed away from you. It is forbidden to drive the cart behind you! Switching on the drying chamber is allowed only after the doors of the chamber are tightly closed. Drying of windings by induction is allowed to be carried out only by two people working in fenced areas with warning posters hung out. The connection of the circuit should be made with a visible break in the contacts of the knife switch.

In the drying and impregnation departments, all equipment must be explosion-proof.

All workers dealing with paints and varnishes must undergo special safety training.

Rigging Safety Measures

All operations for the movement and lifting of goods, from unloading at storage sites to installation at installation sites, are related to rigging. Lifting work requires special care and is carried out by specially trained riggers who know the rules for handling goods.

It is absolutely unacceptable to neglect any requirement of safety rules, even unimportant ones! You can not start lifting work in ill-fitting, unbuttoned clothing. It can get caught on a rope, hook or protruding parts of the load and cause an accident.

Wear gloves to protect your hands from injury. The workplace must be free from any foreign objects and debris, the floors must be dry to prevent workers from falling. Passages to the cargo must be cleared.

The placement of equipment in the installation area must correspond to the sequence of its arrival at the installation site. The decks must be equipped with a fence at least 1 m high. Loads weighing more than 20 kg may only be lifted by lifting mechanisms. The load should be lifted only vertically and in two stages: first, the load should be raised to a height of not more than 0.5 m, make sure that it is securely fastened, and then it should be further lifted or moved. Steel and hemp ropes are widely used for lifting loads. Steel ropes must be supplied with a manufacturer's passport, which indicates the breaking force. Ropes must be stored on drums in good condition. When unwinding and winding ropes, the formation of loops and spirals is not allowed.

The manufacture of slings and the braiding of the ends of the rope is allowed only by qualified workers. All slings must be tagged with capacity, test date and serviceability.

When lifting electrical equipment (for example, the stator of machines, windings, the active part of the transformer, shields or panels), special devices are used to protect it from damage by slings. These devices prevent the slings from pressing on the lifted equipment.

Work on lifting and moving loads should be led by a worker-foreman. There must be no persons under or near the lifted load. Do not leave tools on the lifted equipment.

When performing rigging work, special attention should be paid to the serviceability of slings and lifting mechanisms, which include: blocks, chain hoists, hoists, telphers, jacks, winches, all kinds of goats and tripods. The operation of these mechanisms and devices is not allowed if they have not passed periodic checks, do not have the appropriate passports allowing their operation, or if they are made fragile, without appropriate calculation.

Safety precautions when working at height

Work performed at height, are called those in which the worker is above 1 and up to 5 m from the surface of the ground, ceiling or on the table. Work performed at a height of more than 5 and is called climbing. Such work may include work on the repair of lamps, cable wiring, overhead lines, etc. Persons not younger than 18 years of age and who have passed a special medical examination for fitness for work at height or climbing are allowed to do this work.

Work using ladders and ladders, specially adapted and having stops, must be carried out by two workers, one of whom is on the floor and holds the ladder. It is forbidden to work from random objects, such as boxes, stools, untested or unsuitable scaffolds. Installation and removal of lighting fixtures, panels and devices weighing more than 10 kg is carried out by two persons or by one person, using special mechanisms or devices.

Fire fighting measures

The causes of a fire are usually: working with open flames, malfunctioning electrical devices and wiring, smoking and non-compliance with fire safety rules.

When working with a blowtorch, the following requirements must be met:

the lamp tank must be filled with fuel no more than 3/4 of its capacity;

screw the filler cap tightly;

do not work with the lamp near fire;

do not light the lamp by supplying fuel to the burner;

do not pump the lamp to avoid explosion;

do not remove the burners until the pressure is reduced;

use only the fuel for which the lamp is intended;

do not reduce the air pressure from the lamp reservoir through the filler plug;

work only with a working lamp.

All workshops and sections must be provided with fire-fighting equipment and fire extinguishers. Workers must be able to use them. Smoking is allowed only in designated areas. It is forbidden to wash overalls with gasoline, acetone and other flammable liquids. Spilled flammable liquid should be cleaned up immediately. Used cleaning materials should be stored in special metal boxes with tight-fitting lids.