Repaint the walls with water-based paint in a different color. We paint the ceiling with “water emulsion”: from preparation to the last layer. Sealing defects and putty

Water-based wall paint has characteristics that make it possible to achieve a high result from painting walls in an apartment. For any room, you can choose the right type of paint. For example, in rooms with high humidity, it is recommended to use acrylic water-based coatings. For painting the walls in the apartment, PVC paints are also used, suitable only for dry rooms.

There are many ways to decorate walls and ceilings, and water-based paint is so harmless and breathable that it can be used in the kitchen and in the interior of the living room. If you properly prepare the surface and mix the water-based coating with color according to the instructions, painting the walls will not be difficult even for a beginner.

Preparation before painting

You need to start the process with surface preparation. To do this, the walls in the apartment must be primed and puttied. It is impossible to apply a water-based emulsion on an uneven wall. The only exception is textured painting, but most often a simple glossy finish is used in repairs.

Make sure in advance that the paint does not leave streaks. You can check it by dipping a brush into the product. Good paint won't drip, but the quality of the brush also matters.

You only need to use a clean brush or roller. The pile should not come out or crumble. The ideal option is a fur roller. It evenly paints the surface, the product adheres well to it, and there is no lint left on the wall.

To paint the walls in the apartment with water-based paint, you will need both a roller and a brush. If desired, you can use a spray gun, but it is better for a beginner to wield a paint roller.

To prepare water-based paint you will need:

• Water;
• White water-based paint;
• Color;
• Construction mixer.

First you need to mix water with white paint and achieve a uniform consistency. For mixing, use a mixer or a special whisk, but in some situations it is permissible to mix with your own hands. The paint is absolutely harmless to the skin, so there will be no harm from getting it on your hands. But it is more convenient to use construction tools designed for mixing.

Then you need to add color to the white base. It can be any color.

When adding color, two things must be taken into account: the final mixture must be one-color and streak-free, and its amount cannot be less than required at one time.

Painting walls with water-based paint

After preparing the walls for painting, you can proceed to the main process. Water-based paint should be applied in two or three layers with a roller or brush. Various nozzles are sold for the roller, some of them will help to get the effect of a rough wall.

The coloring of the wallpaper in the apartment should be in three layers. For a smooth prepared wall, two applications are enough. Horizontal strokes should be alternated with vertical ones. The last coat of paint should be applied with a roller only vertically.

Water-based paint is convenient for finishing, but it must be applied very quickly, preventing the previous stroke from drying out. Photos of wall painting confirm that delay threatens with uneven color on the surface, which greatly spoils the interior. Since the room must be painted at least twice, the second run can be done only after the previous layer has completely dried.

To paint the walls with water-based paint, you need a little mixture.

To paint the walls in a small room, 10 liters of paint is enough.

Even using a roller for painting, do not ignore the brush. It will be needed when you have to paint over hard-to-reach places in the apartment. These are corners, niches, surfaces behind radiators.

Water-based paint is used to create modern interiors. There are many ways to achieve an interesting design in an apartment, but with the help of this paint it is easier to create a unique design on your own and in a short time.

Design Ideas

For interior design, you can use either one color of paint or several. The simplest design option is to paint the walls with water-based paint of the same color. This way of finishing will not look boring if you play with color and saturation of shades.

Painting surfaces in different colors decorates, but does not overload the interior. Accent design is used in the kitchen and in the living room to zone the space or simply dilute calm tones with a bright spot.

Unusual wall decor can be created by imitating the presence of colored panels. Coloring is carried out in several stages:

• First, the wall must be completely painted in one color;
• When the surface dries, future “panels” of various shapes should be noted on it;
• Water-based paint of a different color, better than a contrasting one, should be painted over the selected areas on top of the first layer of paint;
• After drying, you can use additional decor, emphasizing the design of colored inserts.

For interior design, the division of the wall in two different colors is also used. The junction line of two different colors is covered with planks and borders; almost any materials are suitable for decoration. With their help, you can not only decorate the interior, but also hide the results of unsuccessful painting of the walls with water-based paint.

To avoid small flaws in horizontal painting, it is recommended to use tools and fixtures that will help draw a straight line.

Striped walls are a bolder finish option. It is often used in the living room and kitchen. The children's room is also transformed by the presence of bright stripes in the interior. You can draw stripes horizontally or vertically, any colors will do.

It is better to stick with wide stripes, as narrow stripes are more difficult to apply with a roller on your own, and it will take a long time to paint. The end result of finishing with narrow stripes is not always pleasing, since they are visible only up close, and from the side the surface seems blurry.

Fancy painting ideas

There are more extravagant and modern ways of decorating the interior in an apartment. For finishing of increased complexity, you will need special skills, accurate calculations and attentiveness. For example, to paint the walls in the kitchen in a cage on your own, you will need to apply paint several times over the dried layer, using a building level and masking tape.

Patchwork decor looks great in the kitchen and living room as well. Decorating the room in this way is a little easier, since the squares are large in shape, they are easy to paint using a paint roller. But before the start of finishing, preparation will still be required: in order to evenly apply water-based paint, it is necessary to mark the wall.

Starting to repair your home, whether it is a city apartment or a house in the countryside, everyone understands that the most difficult stage in this case will be finishing the ceiling. Modern companies specializing in apartment renovation offer a wide variety of options for this: ceiling tiles or wallpaper, stretch or suspended ceilings, etc. But not every householder can afford their services. Therefore, do-it-yourself is still relevant.

Until recently, such a type of ceiling decoration as was especially popular. But with the development of new repair technologies, this method is resorted to less and less. This is due to the fact that, despite its cheapness and the harmonious combination of a snow-white ceiling with any type of interior, many are not satisfied with the laboriousness of preparatory work. In addition, the whitewashed surface quickly becomes dirty and loses its attractive appearance.

Today, painting the ceiling with water-based paint continues to be one of the most popular ways to finish it. Unlike whitewash, the surface painted with it retains its aesthetic appearance for a longer time. In addition, it allows for quick and easy maintenance of the ceiling surface.

This is one of the cheapest repair options. In its composition, this paint is a suspension based on polymer particles and pigment substances dissolved in water. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that after application to the surface, intensive evaporation of water occurs, and the polymers form a coating with high resistance to moisture. Water-based paint is an environmentally friendly material that does not cause allergic reactions and negative effects on the human body.

The choice of water-based paint for the ceiling

If you decide that the best option for you is to paint the ceiling with your own hands using water-based paint, then you have a difficult task: to choose from a huge range of goods that would suit you in terms of price and quality. Today on the consumer market you can find emulsion paints with various additives:

1. acrylic,
2. acrylic with the addition of latex,
3. based on polyvinyl acetate,
4. with silicone or silicate base,
5. with mineral content.

The cheapest of them - polyvinyl acetate. But they can only be used in dry rooms. Ceilings painted with such paint cannot be washed.

Paints with the addition of latex- the most expensive. They have a number of advantages, such as the possibility of wet care using detergents, obtaining a smooth, beautiful surface, etc.

Acrylic water-based paints- the most sought after. They can be used in almost any room, they have increased resistance to abrasion during washing.

Silicate paints(liquid glass) are widely used for painting plastered, stone or concrete surfaces.

How to choose a water-based paint so that it has high strength characteristics, gives a beautiful surface after painting, etc. By the names of the paint offered for sale in jars, it is difficult to understand how one type differs from another, and what are their advantages. Moreover, the seller himself often tries to sell, first of all, the product that is more expensive, without thinking too much about its quality.

Read the label

Therefore, in order not to make a mistake with the choice, you should carefully read what is written in the annotation on the label of a can of water-based paint. In it, the manufacturer states:

• What type of work is it intended for?
• What is the consumption of paint per square meter (which is very important for determining the required amount),
• The degree of coverage (the ability of paint to cover a dark background with white, in the form of a continuous canvas),
• Its resistance to abrasion during wet cleaning, etc.

Be sure to pay attention to what is written in small print. Most often, the basic information about the technical characteristics of the paint is contained there. For example, if the annotation says that the paint has:

1. "High resistance to dry abrasion"- this means that the surface painted with such paint cannot be washed, but can only be wiped with a dry cloth or a vacuum cleaner can be used.
2. "Use in dry rooms with reduced operational load". This inscription indicates that the water emulsion is not suitable for painting kitchens, with a large amount of greasy fumes from cooked food, as well as in bathrooms where there is high humidity.
3. "High abrasion resistance, indelible"- the ceiling painted with such paint can be washed with water without the use of detergents.
4. "Stain-repellent, high abrasion resistance with intensive washing". This is the best type of water-based paint. Surfaces coated with this type of paint may be washed using gentle detergents.

Water-based paints can be glossy and semi-gloss, matte and semi-gloss. Their difference lies in the fact that matte paints slightly mask small surface defects and visually increase the height of the room. But they are difficult to wash. The surface covered with glossy paint is easier to clean, it is more resistant to abrasion, but small cracks and other flaws in the ceiling are noticeable on it. The best option is to choose a semi-gloss or semi-gloss paint.

Another important point. It is necessary to purchase water-based paint in a store that has an insulated warehouse. The fact is that when freezing, the structure of the paint is disturbed, which is no longer restored when it is thawed. And this means that the acquired paint has lost all its useful properties.

It is recommended to use water-based paint, the purpose of which is to paint the ceiling. It is perfectly distributed over the surface, practically does not drip, and has excellent adhesion.

Preparing the ceiling for painting

Before proceeding with painting the ceiling surface with water-based paint, it is necessary to carry out preparatory work. To begin with, it must be freed from whitewashing or layers of old paint. To get rid of chalk or lime whitewash, you will need to moisten it with plenty of water using a paint roller, and then scrape it off using a chisel or steel spatula. Finally, wash the ceiling with a sponge.

Removing the old layer of paint

To update the ceiling, painted with water-based paint, it will take much more time to carry out the preparatory work. This is due to the fact that the process of removing the previous painting is quite laborious, since the layers of old paint practically do not dissolve in water, and therefore it is not possible to scrape them off the ceiling completely. Most often, this work comes down to removing areas of peeling paint with a spatula.

To facilitate this not entirely pleasant work, you can use the following technique: moisten the old coating with plenty of water using a water spray or foam roller. Repeat this procedure twice with an interval of twenty minutes. The moisture should soak the old coating well. Then you need to create a draft by opening all doors and windows. A layer swollen with water forms blisters, and it will not be difficult to remove the old water-based paint with a spatula.

This work must be done very quickly so that the surface to be treated does not have time to dry. After that, it is necessary to treat stains from smudges and rust with a 5% solution of copper sulfate. If there are stubborn stains on the ceiling, use one of the following compounds:

1. a solution of hydrochloric acid, two or three percent concentration (carefully, trying to prevent the acid from getting on the skin, wipe the stains);
2. a solution of 20 parts of crushed lime, diluted with one part of drying oil,
3. a thick solution of water and lime with the addition of denatured alcohol (about 50 ml).

Any of the last two mixtures is applied for 10-15 minutes on pollution. Repeat until they are completely removed. Usually two treatments are enough.

If whitewashing was applied to your ceiling before the current repair - (there you will also find information on how to find out what the ceiling was painted with earlier).

Ceiling leveling

As soon as the ceiling surface is completely cleaned, it is necessary to level it. A thin-layer putty is best suited for this, which has good adhesion properties, has excellent ductility and gives a smooth surface that is easily sanded with fine-grained sandpaper. Apply putty to the ceiling using a spatula.

Often, the ceiling is leveled by applying a special whitewash putty on an oil-adhesive basis, which is evenly distributed over the surface with a roller, brush or spatula. Before this, it is necessary to repair all cracks and crevices in the ceiling, filling them with the prepared composition. In order for the putty to completely fill the gaps, they must be slightly expanded before applying it.

Primer

The next preparatory operation is the priming of the surface, which is performed with the same paint. It is applied in a thin layer. She is allowed to dry well so that the putty does not come off.

The main stage of painting

Painting tools

To perform high-quality painting of the ceiling with paint based on an aqueous emulsion, you will need:

1. paint brush for painting butt joints between the wall and ceiling, as well as corners;
2. narrow brush for correction;
3. fur, long pile roller,
4. paint bath,
5. ribbed surface for uniform distribution of paint over the surface of the roller.

Staining rules

just as with whitewashing with chalk, it is better to apply the first layer of paint parallel to the rays of light from the window, and the second - parallel to the window frame

Many do not know how to paint the ceiling with water-based paint correctly. In most cases, they do not take into account during the execution of painting work, the direction of the light flux and many other nuances. Therefore, the painted surface is uneven, with stripes from the passage of a brush or roller, with lighter or darker spots. To prevent this from happening to you, follow the following rules.

• It is always necessary to start painting from the corners and joints between the wall and the ceiling. In this case, the farthest corner relative to the front door is painted first. To do this, a wide paint brush is wetted halfway in the paint, then squeezed lightly to remove the excess. A passage is made around the entire perimeter, with a width of 3 to 5 cm. Due to this, with further painting with a roller, the junction of the ceiling and the walls, as well as the corners, will not be damaged.
• The main whitewashing of the ceiling with water-based paint is carried out with a roller. It is applied in three passes, no matter what type of paint is selected. In this case, the very first pass of paint is carried out parallel to the rays of light falling from the window. The second in a perpendicular direction to it. The latter - should always be directed towards the window.
• Each subsequent staining is carried out only on a well-dried previous layer. This takes 8 to 12 hours.

Coloring technology

1. In a bath filled with paint, moisten the roller, and run three or four times over a rough surface. This will allow the paint to spread evenly over the roller.
2. Make the first pass on the ceiling section. Starting from the corner on the left side of the wall opposite the window.
3. Move the roller from left to right. Then change direction. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the paint lays down in an even layer, without visible transitions. You can move the roller and W-shaped movements.
4. The following technique will help to remove excess applied paint: when there is no more paint left on the roller, pass it over the painted surface. He will absorb all the surplus.
5. In the process of performing painting work, use a directed bright beam of light to check the quality of the painting.
6. The use of a new roller during the last painting will allow a uniform surface to be obtained.
7. Until the paint is completely dry, drafts are not allowed in the room. It is advisable to protect the painted surface from direct sunlight. This will help prevent stains. Do not try to dry the painted surface with electrical appliances.

Features of painting a plastered surface

The ceiling, on which the plaster is applied, can be painted using a special spray gun or a conventional vacuum cleaner. They give a high-quality, uniform distribution of paint on the plastered ceiling surface. At the same time, it lays down in a thin, even layer. It is best to paint with an airbrush on a primer already made with a roller or brush.

Today we have to figure out how to paint walls with water-based paint, and on what grounds it is worth choosing it for this job. In addition, we will touch on the preparation of walls for fine finishing, and the tools used for painting. So, let's go.

Water emulsions differ from each other:

1. Composition, first of all - a film-forming base;
2. The color of the color (See How to tint the paint: we select the option).

To clarify: as a rule, the paint is sold white and tinted with water-soluble pigments at the request of the buyer. Of course, the choice of color is a matter of taste; however, the general principles of this choice are still worth mentioning.

Compound

Which water-based paint is better for walls in terms of performance?

Here are the main types of modern water-based emulsions with their key properties.

An interesting fact: on the basis of synthetic (acrylic) latex, the so-called rubber water-based paint is produced, which is at least as good as silicone in terms of consumer properties. Suffice it to say that the author used it to paint the plywood steps of a street staircase. For three years in the scorching Crimean sun, the coating has retained its appearance and impermeability to water.

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Manufacturers rarely advertise the composition of the white that is part of the white dye. Meanwhile, it depends on him how long the water-based wall paint will retain its appearance: how to choose it according to this parameter?

Very simple:

• If the composition includes zinc white - turn away and move on. This coating will inevitably change its color in the next 2-3 years. In addition, zinc oxide ZnO is toxic;
• Titanium dioxide TiO2, on the other hand, is harmless and retains its snow-white color indefinitely.

It is worth clarifying: the mass use of zinc oxide in the production of paints and enamels ended about a decade ago. Now zinc white can be found only in the composition of extremely cheap paints from little-known manufacturers.

Color

Here are some useful tips, one way or another related to the choice of color, texture and paint tinting:

1. Glossy texture emphasizes the smallest surface defects, so it should be chosen only if the pre-finishing finish of the walls is absolutely flawless. But the gloss visually expands the space of the room due to the partial reflection of its interior;

1. matte paint, on the contrary, hides minor irregularities, and makes small blockages of the surface invisible;
2. Any tinting paint will complicate subsequent repairs. Re-obtaining the same shade is almost impossible when manually mixing paint with pigment, and quite difficult when computer tinting;

Consequence: if this does not contradict the design concept you have chosen, paint the walls white. In this case, any potholes and scratches can be masked with ordinary acrylic putty.

1. If you still decide to tint- mix paint with pigment with a margin for repairs. We repeat: you will not receive the same color again;

1. For a small room it is better to prefer light colors. They will visually expand the room. Dark walls with a light ceiling will make the room, on the contrary, narrower, but make it seem larger than the actual size;
2. When choosing a color don't forget the basic design rule: no more than three primary colors should be present in one room, otherwise it will look annoyingly colorful. Shades of the same color, as well as black and white, do not count.

Foundation preparation

Before you paint the walls with water-based paint, they need to be prepared for painting.

The wall should be:

• Perfectly smooth;
• Durable (no crumbling or peeling coatings);
• Clean (no dust or grease stains);
• Moderately absorbent. A glossy, non-absorbent enamel surface will simply not hold water-based emulsion, and an overly absorbent cement plaster will require prohibitive paint consumption.

Foundation preparation includes several stages.

Removal of old coatings

How to remove old coatings from walls?

• Paper wallpapers: soaked with plenty of water and removed from the wall with their own hands or with a wide spatula;

• Lime whitewash: the same instruction applies here - lime is abundantly wetted with water and cleaned with a spatula.
• Chalk whitewash: washed off with plenty of water;
• Nitro, oil and alkyd paints: are removed with a steel spatula after treating the wall section with a universal wash.

Can I paint over an old water-based emulsion?

Only if it is made on the same basis as the paint you purchased: acrylic dye can be painted over acrylic, silicate - over silicate, and so on. At the same time, the old paint should not differ greatly from the new color, otherwise, even with a large number of layers, untidy stains may appear on the surface.

How to remove water-based paint from walls before re-painting?

The answer again depends on its composition:

• How to wash off water-based paint from walls if it is made on a silicate or mineral basis? Plentifully wet the wall with hot (with a temperature of 70-75 degrees) water two or three times with an interval of 15 minutes, then remove the paint with a spatula;

• How to remove water-based paint from walls if it is based on latex or acrylic resins? Apply a deep penetration primer (eg Ceresit CT17) to the painted surface and after the coating has been soaked, remove it with a spatula or a wire brush.

A moment of pessimism: if these methods did not work, alas, you will have a long and painful grinding of the surface with a grinder or hand grater.

Removal of old coatings is completed by dedusting: the wall is swept with a sweeping brush or vacuumed.

Primer

The mineral surface cleaned from old coatings must be treated with a penetrating primer (for example, the same ST 17).

The primer will solve several problems at once:

• Glue the remaining dust;
• Improves the adhesion of surface layers of plaster or putty to the base;
• It will positively affect the adhesion of the paint to the surface;
• Reduce its consumption.

alignment

If the surface has noticeable irregularities, before painting, we have to pre-finishing - puttying. How to putty a wall?

After filling, the surface is once again treated with a penetrating primer.

Painting

How to paint the walls with water-based paint on the prepared surface?

Tool:

• Roller with a coat with medium pile;

• Medium brush with strong bristles;

Tip: pull the bristles of the brush with your hand. Not a single lint should remain in it: the falling lint can ruin the finish.

• Paint tray.

Paint preparation: it is diluted with water to the consistency of very fat milk (but not more than 10% of the water of the paint volume). Then the dye is thoroughly mixed throughout the volume.

Technology:

• Paint over the inner corners with a brush, then paint the planes of the walls with a roller (see Let's consider how to paint walls with a roller);
• Manufacturers recommend painting in two layers. For the author, the uniform coloring of the walls with water-based emulsion required the application of at least four layers;
• Each layer is superimposed perpendicular to the previous one: this way the inevitable stripes from the roller will be less noticeable;
• Roll out the roller in the tray, not on the wall. Otherwise, the stripes on it will become more noticeable;

• The wall is painted in one run over the entire area. A pause is possible only before painting the next wall or the same wall with the next layer. If you let a surface area dry and then repaint it, the overlap of paint layers will stand out in thickness;

• Before applying the next layer, the previous one must dry completely;
• If you notice an unpainted area when the coating begins to dry out, do not tint it. Wait for the next layer to be applied;
• Wash the tool without letting the paint dry on it. Lumps of dried dye can ruin the finish, leaving grooves in it;
• How to whitewash the walls with water-based paint so that the stripes from the tool are not visible on them? Extremely simple: apply the last coat parallel to the direction of the prevailing light (natural or artificial).

Conclusion

We hope that this material will help the reader in repairing his own home. You can learn more about how to properly paint walls with water-based paint by watching the video in this article. Good luck!

Modern trends in interior design have again returned to the leading position wall painting with various types of paints. This is due, first of all, with the growing popularity of wallpaper for painting. In this vein, such a type of wall decoration as painting began to restore its position - it is beautiful, stylish, fits into any style of interior design and, at the same time, not too expensive.

Just a few decades ago, oil paint was used for wall decoration, as paint manufacturers did not offer an alternative. Everything changed with the advent of a line of water-based paints, as a result of which they no longer have an equivalent replacement.

For information: water-based paint is a mixture (dispersion) of water with coloring pigments and the smallest insoluble particles of polymers in suspension. After the solvent (water) dries, a thin but very strong polymer film remains on the painted surface, which gives an attractive appearance to the painted materials.

The current situation was the result of many positive qualities of water-based formulations.

Advantages and disadvantages of water-based paint

Water-based paint has both strengths and weaknesses. The advantages include:

• the absence of a sharp unpleasant odor that other types of paint give a solvent, such as acetone or white spirit;
• rapid weathering of the smell of dampness that appears immediately after staining;
• ecological purity of the paint components - absolutely harmless to humans and the environment;
• the possibility of applying to all types of wall materials;
• a fairly simple technology for applying paint, and therefore it is possible to paint the walls with water-based paint with your own hands;
• manufacturability: simply diluted, stirred, tinted and applied;
• variability of tinting with pigments - the paint can be given any color and shade;
• the ability to be easily washed off at the end of work from tools, hands, clothes and the floor;
• accessibility to the bulk of the population at a price;
• fast drying process;
• the ability to fit into any interior and style;
• resistance to aggressive chemicals, primarily to alkalis;
• vapor permeability allows the walls to breathe.

The cons include:

• inability to endure sub-zero temperatures - cracks, and therefore it cannot be used in unheated premises (dachas, country houses, where visits are irregular in winter);
• significant labor costs in preparing the walls for painting;
• susceptibility to colonization by fungus and mold, which multiply very actively in damp or poorly heated rooms.

Necessary materials and tools

Painting walls with water-based paint requires the purchase of the following materials:

• water-based paint (you need to buy one batch - different shades are possible in different containers);
• pigment dyes (if the paint is bought white) to give the water emulsion the desired color and shade;
• primers for painting ("Knauf", "Ceresit" and others).

In addition to materials, you will need the following tools:

• ladder;
• screwdriver (electric drill) with a mixer for mixing paint;

• a set of paint rollers (for paint and primer);
• spray gun or paint brush (5-8 cm) for painting corners and places near the baseboard;

• a small brush for color correction in hard-to-reach places;

• crepe (painting) tape;

• cuvette for primer and paint;

• plastic film to protect furniture and floors from paint splashes or cardboard (old newspapers);
• construction adhesive tape for attaching polyethylene.

What paint to choose

The quality of the repair depends on many factors, but the determining factor has always been the choice of finishing material, which is carried out according to specific criteria. With regard to water emulsion, this is:

• paint color;
• gloss level;
• hygroscopicity;
• possibility of care.

Color

Water emulsion can have up to 200 colors and shades. It is unrealistic to produce paint with such a color variety. Therefore, manufacturers took a more convenient path: they made white the base color, and simultaneously launched tinting dyes for sale.

By mixing colors with white paint in various proportions, complex colors can be obtained that are not found on sale. In addition, by changing the proportions of different pigments, you can achieve different color intensities, moving from a saturated tone to a restrained one, which in the language of designers is called the gradation effect.

You can mix paint with pigments at the seller (all major retailers provide this service) or at home. Tinting a house allows you to see how the walls will look after painting, since the color of the diluted paint does not match in tone with the color of the dried emulsion.

Here a little trick comes to the rescue: diluted paint is applied to the wall in a small area. After 2-3 hours you can see how the painted surface will look. If necessary, you can make color adjustments by adding dyes to the paint container. Below is a hint on how to get some colors with multiple colors.

Gloss degree

The appearance of the surface and the visual perception of the room depend not only on the chosen color and shade, but also on the degree of gloss. He can be:

• deeply matte - looks spectacular and respectable, but even a one-time cleaning with a damp cloth can disrupt the texture at the micro level (in an understandable language - you can’t rub it, as glossy spots may appear);
• matte (the room visually increases in size, but on such a surface the slightest staining defects are clearly visible, it is difficult to wash with a damp cloth or napkin);
• semi-matte - maximally hides errors in preparing the wall for painting, is resistant to abrasion (washes well);
• glossy (emphasizes flaws, but care does not cause problems);
• semi-gloss - easy to clean.

The best option is to buy a semi-gloss or semi-gloss paint.

Hygroscopicity

The apartment always has rooms with different levels of humidity:

• dry (children's room, bedroom, living room);
• with high humidity (hallway);
• with a high level of humidity (bathroom, toilet, kitchen).

For rooms with excess moisture in the air, moisture-resistant types of paints are produced. This point should be considered when buying a water emulsion.

Ease of care

Produced water-based paints can be:

• unsuitable for wet cleaning (cleaned only with a vacuum cleaner or a dry cloth);
• washable (can be cleaned with a wet cloth or sponge using detergents);
• indelible - wash only with clean water.

Affects the final result of the finish and the type of water-based paint. She may be:

Mineral. Mineral water emulsion belongs to the budget type of paints, since it is based on cheap cement or lime. It is well applied on concrete, brick, plasterboard, wood. However, short service life (burns out quickly), high hygroscopicity and the impossibility of wet care led to a drop in sales.

Acrylic. This is the most popular water-based paint. It has a long service life, low consumption per 1 m 2 of the wall, the ability to tighten microcracks up to 1 mm wide, and easy maintenance. And most importantly - the most optimal combination of price and quality.

Semi-gloss acrylic water-based emulsion, when applied in several layers, at least 3, perfectly hides minor surface defects due to the presence of acrylic resins, which do not allow the polymer film to deform, repeating all the irregularities on the wall. In addition, the painted walls withstand temperature differences and significant mechanical impacts, preventing the paint layer from breaking.

The disadvantages include low vapor permeability, which negatively affects the quality of the color when finishing poorly dried surfaces.

silicate. Due to the introduction of potassium liquid glass into the composition of the components, the silicate paint, after drying, forms a thin glass film on the wall. This paint has a number of advantages:

• does not burn out until the end of operation;
• long service life - more than 20 years;
• resistant to temperature extremes;
• does not burn;
• easy to clean;
• excellent resistance to fungus and mold;
• has a low price.

However, the cons still outweigh:

• poorly tinted;
• there is no plasticity, in connection with which all microcracks and other defects are not hidden, but, on the contrary, are emphasized;
• poorly resists high humidity (only the hall and bedroom can be painted);
• does not adhere to porous and loose materials, as well as wooden walls.

As a result, the editors of the site advise to refrain from buying silicate paints.

Silicone. The latest achievement of manufacturers of paint and varnish products is a silicone water-soluble dye. It has no disadvantages, only advantages:

• good vapor permeability with simultaneous water tightness;
• high elasticity, which allows the paint layer to tighten microcracks;
• resistance to mechanical stress;
• long service life;
• high aesthetic characteristics, etc.

Naturally, the high quality corresponds to the high price.

For reference: many experts refer polyvinyl acetate coloring materials to water-based paint. They are based on PVA glue, to which plasticizers and dyes are added. In our opinion, this type of paint does not fit into the classical understanding of water-based emulsion, and therefore is not considered in this material.

For clarity, the main parameters of water-based paints are summarized in a table.

These tables confirm the preliminary conclusions: silicone dyes are the most effective. But in terms of price / quality ratio, acrylic paints are in the lead.

Calculation of the required amount of paint

When carrying out repair work, it is always unpleasant when the purchased material is not enough. This problem is most acute when purchasing a water emulsion. Indeed, after an additional purchase, it is almost impossible to achieve the same shade if the paint is tinted on its own. Therefore, the question of how to calculate the amount of paint for walls should be given special attention. The whole process can be divided into III stages.

I stage. The area of ​​the painted surface is determined. To do this, measure the perimeter of the walls, and then the height of the ceiling. When multiplying the resulting numbers, the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe walls is obtained. Windows and doors are measured. Their area is subtracted from the previously obtained result.

II stage. The preliminary amount of paint is determined. To do this, the area to be painted is multiplied by the paint consumption per 1 m 2 (always indicated on the packaging), the average value is given in the table and by the number of layers (minimum two).

Table 2. Average consumption of water-based paint per 1 m 2.

III stage. The result is corrected. Let us immediately clarify that the packaging shows the consumption of paint on a perfectly smooth surface, while pre-primed. Coloring:

• unprimed plastered surface increases consumption up to 10%;
• drywall without putty and primer by 40%;
• wallpaper for painting by 40-45%;
• trellis for painting with a relief surface up to 70%.

It also matters what tool the paint will be applied with. When using a roller and spray gun, no further adjustment is made. A paint brush requires an increase in the amount of water-based emulsion by about 5%.

Save paint materials allows you to:

• ideally flat surface, which can be obtained in the process of preparatory work;
• applying a primer to the walls;
• observance of the order of painting: first, the corners are painted with a brush, then the wall near the platbands and the plinth (it is still better to remove them). Only after that, the rest of the surface is painted with a roller or spray gun. If the order is reversed, 1-2% of the water emulsion is lost.

The better to apply water emulsion

Painting technology allows the use of 3 types of painting tools:

• brushes;
• roller;

Paint with a brush for a long time, while increasing paint consumption. Buying or renting an airbrush is expensive for the family budget. Therefore, one thing remains: pick up a roller and paint the walls. However, difficulties arise here: which roller is better to paint the walls with water-based paint? Indeed, on the shelves of stores are dozens of types and varieties of paint rollers.

Which roller is better to choose and how

Rollers are made from several types of materials:

Foam rubber. This is the simplest and cheapest type of paint roller. The low density of the material allows you to absorb a large amount of coloring matter, which, on the one hand, is convenient - there is no need to frequently dip the tool into the paint. On the other hand, a large amount of paint on the roller leads to the formation of many microscopic bubbles on the painted surface.

Velor. Among specialists, the attitude towards such a tool is ambiguous, therefore, it can be found on sale only in specialized outlets. The peculiarity is that the dense structure of velor does not spatter and evenly applies paint. But this medal also has a downside: you have to constantly dip the roller in paint, which means loss of earnings for specialists.

Fur. Are issued from natural and artificial fur. When buying, you can not pay attention to the type of material, since there is practically no difference between them. But you need to look at the length of the pile. Short villi strongly (i.e. abundantly and far) splatter with paint. Long pile tends to come out of the base and also splashes, but not so abundantly. Therefore, the most acceptable option is a fur roller with a pile of medium length.

Preparatory work

In the instructions on how to properly paint walls with water-based paint, a special place is given to preparatory work. The final result largely depends on their quality. During their execution it is necessary:

• free the room from furniture, cover the floors with foil or newspapers;
• remove the old finish;

• inspect the walls. If necessary, remove old plaster, repair cracks and crevices;
• treat the walls with a primer;
• level the surface with drywall or cement (gypsum) plaster;
• apply a primer under the putty;
• putty the walls using a technology that involves applying the last layer of finishing (fine) putty. If the finishing putty was not bought, and the walls were polished according to the starting composition of the putty mortar, it is advisable to prime the surface.

Attention: in detail the process of preparing walls for painting can be found in the work "Alignment of walls for painting".

How and what to prime

It is not necessary to prime the walls under water-based paint. In addition to the increased consumption of materials, other serious consequences are not observed. So, by the way, in most cases, the owners of apartments do it during repairs. However, the high price of paint, especially silicone, makes it necessary to prime the walls - the technological operation is justified by financial savings.

We should not forget that the primer allows:

• improve adhesion between the wall and the paintwork;
• strengthen the painted surface;
• protect walls from fungus and mold.

Of the variety of primers, it is best to use the acrylic primer of the famous brands Knauf or Ceresit. Russian primers are not much worse: Prospectors, Tex and others (the price for 1 liter is 30-100 rubles).

The primer is applied with a brush in one pass, with a roller - in two.

It is no less effective to use homemade soil for walls. To do this, the paint is diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 2, where 1 part is paint, 2 parts are water. Such a composition, when painted in two layers, significantly improves the quality of painting.

Coloring instructions

How to paint walls with water-based paint? There is nothing difficult to understand and do. Even a novice can do the job. You just need to follow the rules:

• Painting is carried out on a completely dry primer or putty.
• The second and subsequent layers of paint are applied on completely dried previous layers (from 2 to 12 hours).
• Under sunlight, wet paint changes color. Therefore, work must be carried out either in the evening, or with windows covered with plastic wrap.
• Drafts contribute to the appearance of streaks due to uneven drying of the applied paint. The same situation is observed with forced heating of the walls with a heat gun or electric heaters.
• On one wall, a layer of paint should lie down within 15-20 minutes, which eliminates breaks and smoke breaks.
• According to technology, a new roller is needed for each layer of paint. In practice, they act a little differently: they thoroughly wash the used roller, and then dry it. In terms of the quality of the paint application, the previously used roller is not inferior to the new one.
• When changing the consistency of the paint or its tinting, special attention must be paid to the periphery. It is on the sides of the container that poorly mixed paint is most often found, which is especially unacceptable when coloring pigments are introduced into its composition.
• Always first of all, the corners and narrow sections of the wall adjacent to the ceiling and floor are painted with a brush.
• If platbands and skirting boards are not dismantled, then they must be sealed with masking tape.

• For the first layer, the paint is diluted a little more.

Paint preparation

When opening a container with paint, its consistency is almost always much thicker than required for work. Therefore, the paint is thoroughly mixed, adding water in small portions so as not to dilute more than necessary.

This operation is most conveniently performed with a screwdriver with a mixing nozzle. If there is no power tool, you can stir with any object, but it takes a long time and the quality is a little worse.

If the design of the walls is creative and provides for the flickering of the surface under the streams of light, it is at this moment that various sparkles are added to the paint. But such ideas come to the owners quite rarely.

If small grains appear on the surface of the paint in the funnel, the water-based emulsion must be filtered through 3 layers of gauze.

Paint tinting

Giving the paint a certain color and tone at home is carried out according to the following algorithm:

• the water emulsion is poured into a large container (usually a 10 l bucket) so that it is enough to paint the walls in one room, since it is almost impossible to get the same color and shade again. As an exception, for a wall with a window, you can make the paint a little lighter, as a result of which the room will visually become larger;

• adding water in small portions, the paint is brought to the required consistency during mixing;
• tinting pigments are added to the water-based composition, after which the paint is thoroughly mixed. If necessary, the resulting color is adjusted: new pigments are added or the number of already applied ones is increased. Everything is mixed up again;

• a small section of the wall is painted with the resulting paint, so that after about 2 hours you can see the real color scheme of the interior. If the result is not satisfactory, the tinting process continues.

Painting technique

You can paint the walls with a brush, roller and spray gun. For this, there are technologies developed over the years.

brush painting

Nostalgic for the good old days, we recommend painting the walls with a brush. But we warn you. This is a long time, not quite high quality, and the paint consumption is a little higher (something will end up on the floor in the form of drops, something will remain on the wall in a thicker layer of paint).

Before starting work, brushes (you will need a large flywheel and a small, corrective one) are soaked in water so that no bristles remain on the wall during work.

The paint is poured into the cuvette, if the packaging is large, or remains in the bank. In the latter case, regularly, approximately every half hour, the water emulsion is mixed to maintain a homogeneous composition.

The brush is dipped about 1/3, after which excess paint is removed with light blows on the wall of the can or bath. Coloring starts from the upper left corner and goes down in narrow stripes. The coloring composition is applied in a thin, uniform layer. The brush is held almost perpendicular to the wall, the pressure is weak.

The application technique may be different, but experts advise first to apply a vertical stroke, and then shade it with zigzag movements. So you can ensure that the wall will be without smudges and without streaks.

The second technique involves applying one layer with vertical movements, the second horizontal, without shading. With this application, gaps are excluded, but the likelihood of smudges and stains increases.

Roller

Wall painting with a roller is carried out in the following sequence:

• paint is poured into the bath;
• the roller is wetted over the entire circumference. To do this, it is lowered into the paint, and then rolled over the ribbed surface of the cuvette. And so several times, until the fur is saturated with a water-based composition. If you skip this work, “non-paints” will remain on the wall, which are not visible when wet;
• wet the roller again and, rolling it along the edges of the cuvette, distribute the paint evenly over the entire circumference;

• you need to start painting from the corner, any. Lead from top to bottom according to a scheme resembling the Latin letter "W". The color stripe is about half a meter. The strips are applied with an overlap of 5-10 cm;
• streaks of paint are removed with a worked out (dry) roller - the pile will absorb the sagging. In this case, the movements of the roller should also be similar to the letter "W".

How many times is the wall painted with a roller? Enough 2 layers. The second coat of paint is applied to the dried first.

Spray gun

Using an airbrush for painting walls gives not only an excellent result, but also brings pleasure from work - it is light and pleasant. The technology consists of several steps.

• The paint is diluted (more than usual), mixed, and then filtered through gauze (fine particles can clog the nozzle).
• The supply of dye is regulated, for which an unnecessary object is painted within a few seconds.
• After stabilization of the paint flow, the nozzle is brought perpendicular to the wall at a distance of 30-60 cm. The movement for the first layer is horizontal, for the second - vertical, at a speed of about 1 m in 5 seconds.
• Coloring starts from the top. Paint in patches. The next square is started after staining the previous one. The pace must be even. Any delay leads to a thick layer of paint that begins to flow down. Therefore, it is better to underpaint than overpaint - the next layer will hide the defect.
• Improved wall painting with water-based compositions when using an airbrush is achieved with 3-time painting - three layers are applied.

Decorative painting

The uneven coloring of the walls is gaining popularity more and more - their surface looks unusual, emphasizing the non-standard thinking of the owners. There are many techniques and design techniques for decorative painting. Some of them have already been considered in the work "".

We will describe some below (the volume of work does not allow us to consider everything).

• A wall with a pattern is obtained by applying 3 layers of paint with a two-part roller, where one roller in the paint wets the second one with a cut out pattern. The technique is clearly visible in the photo below.

• Stencils with a pattern are cut out of a dense but thin material, on which paint is applied. It is best to work on a stencil with a sponge or, in extreme cases, with a worked out roller. Otherwise, there will be streaks under the stencil.
• With a homemade roller, you can get an unusual, chaotic pattern. How it works can be seen from the photo below.

• Another non-standard painting technique: spraying. The first coat of paint is applied to the wall. The second is applied with a brush, but not with strokes, but randomly.

A more impressive effect can be obtained by using textured paint. Water-based formulations do not apply to this type of dye. But if you thicken the water emulsion (evaporate part of the water), then it behaves like textured paint, which makes it possible to have unusual walls.

So, if particles of metals and reflective quartz sand (commercially available) are added to a light brown thickened water-based composition, and then applied unevenly, a relief called Atacama will be obtained.

The water emulsion has poor abrasion resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to clean and wash carefully. First, conspicuous stains are removed. They must be wiped pointwise, without affecting the paint nearby. The movements must be circular, otherwise you can erase the top layer of paint. It is best to do this with melamine sponges, but only carefully, without strong friction.

You can't clean often. For washable paints, you can use dishwashing liquid. If there are particles of latex in the water-based composition, you can wash it with soapy water - the dirt can be easily washed off.

Painting the walls with water-based paint fits into any interior, complementing or emphasizing the chosen style of decoration. The painting technique does not have items that are difficult to understand and perform, which allows you to do the repair work of the apartment with your own hands.