Examples of nature conservation in the literature. Essay on the Unified State Exam: “Man and nature. V. P. Astafiev’s short story “The King Fish”

Writing an essay in the Unified State Exam is one of the most difficult stages for a future student. As a rule, testing part “A” does not present any problems, but many people have difficulties with writing an essay. Thus, one of the most common problems that are covered in the Unified State Exam is the problem of respect for nature. Arguments, their clear selection and explanation are the main task of a student taking an exam in the Russian language.

Turgenev I. S.

Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” is still very popular among both the younger generation and their parents. This is where the issue of caring for nature comes into play. Arguments in favor of the topic addressed are as follows.

The main idea of the work in the field of environmental protection is: “People forget where they were born. They forget that nature is their original home. It was nature that allowed the birth of man. Despite such profound arguments, every person does not pay due attention to the environment. But all efforts should be aimed at preserving it first and foremost!”

Bazarov's attitude to nature

The main figure here is Evgeny Bazarov, who is not concerned about caring for nature. This man’s arguments sound like this: “Nature is a workshop, and man is a worker here.” It is difficult to argue with such a categorical statement. Here the author shows the renewed mind of modern man, and, as you can see, he succeeded perfectly! Nowadays, arguments in favor of protecting the environment are more relevant in society than ever!

Turgenev, in the person of Bazarov, presents to the reader a new man and his mind. He feels complete indifference to generations and all the values that nature can give to humanity. He lives in the present moment, does not think about the consequences, and does not care about man’s caring attitude towards nature. Bazarov’s arguments boil down only to the need to realize one’s own ambitious desires.

Turgenev. The relationship between nature and man

The above-mentioned work also touches on the problem of the relationship between man and respect for nature. The arguments given by the author convince the reader of the need to show concern for Mother Nature.

Bazarov completely rejects all judgments about the aesthetic beauty of nature, about its indescribable landscapes and gifts. The hero of the work perceives the environment as a tool for work. Bazarov's friend Arkady appears in the novel as the complete opposite. He treats with dedication and admiration what nature gives to man.

This work clearly highlights the problem of caring for nature; arguments in favor of a positive or negative attitude towards the environment are determined by the behavior of the hero. Arkady, through unity with her, heals his spiritual wounds. Eugene, on the contrary, strives to avoid any contact with the world. Nature does not give positive emotions to a person who does not feel peace of mind and does not consider himself a part of nature. Here the author emphasizes a fruitful spiritual dialogue both with oneself and in relation to nature.

Lermontov M. Yu.

The work “Hero of Our Time” touches on the problem of caring for nature. The arguments that the author gives relate to the life of a young man named Pechorin. Lermontov shows the close relationship between the protagonist’s mood and natural phenomena, the weather. One of the paintings is described as follows. Before the duel began, the sky seemed blue, transparent and clean. When Pechorin looked at Grushnitsky’s dead body, “the rays did not warm” and “the sky became dim.” The connection between internal psychological states and natural phenomena is clearly visible here.

The problem of caring for nature is addressed here in a completely different way. The arguments in the work show that natural phenomena depend not only on the emotional state, but also become involuntary participants in events. So, a thunderstorm is the reason for the meeting and long meeting between Pechorin and Vera. Further, Grigory notes that “the local air promotes love,” meaning Kislovodsk. Such techniques show respect for nature. Arguments from the literature once again prove that this area is vital not only on the physical level, but also on the spiritual and emotional level.

Evgeny Zamyatin

Yevgeny Zamyatin’s vivid dystopian novel also shows a caring attitude towards nature. The essay (arguments, quotes from the work, etc.) must be supported by reliable facts. Thus, when describing a literary work called “We,” it is important to pay attention to the absence of a natural and natural beginning. All people give up a varied and separate life. The beauties of nature are replaced by artificial, decorative elements.

Numerous allegories of the work, as well as the suffering of number “O”, speak of the importance of nature in human life. After all, it is precisely this kind of beginning that can make a person happy, give him feelings, emotions, and help him experience love. It shows the impossibility of the existence of verified happiness and love using “pink cards”. One of the problems of the work is the inextricable relationship between nature and man, without which the latter will be unhappy for the rest of his life.

Sergey Yesenin

In the work “Go, my dear Rus'!” Sergei Yesenin touches on the problem of the nature of his native places. In this poem, the poet refuses the opportunity to visit paradise, just to stay and devote his life to his native land. Eternal bliss, as Yesenin says in his work, can only be found on his native Russian soil.

Here the feeling of patriotism is clearly expressed and the Motherland and nature are inextricably linked concepts that exist only in interrelation. The very realization that the power of nature can weaken leads to the collapse of the natural world and human nature.

Using arguments in an essay

If you use arguments from works of fiction, you must comply with several criteria for presenting information and presenting material:

Providing reliable data. If you do not know the author or do not remember the exact title of the work, it is better not to indicate such information in the essay at all.
Present information correctly, without errors.
The most important requirement is the brevity of the material presented. This means that sentences should be as succinct and short as possible, providing a complete picture of the situation being described.

Only if all the above conditions are met, as well as sufficient and reliable data, you will be able to write an essay that will give you the maximum number of exam points.

Good day, dear reader! In this article we propose an essay on the topic ““. The following arguments will be used:

– Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, “The Little Prince”
– V.V. Mayakovsky, “Good attitude towards horses”

The world around us: trees, seas, rivers, mountains and valleys - everything belongs to nature, and we are part of it. Without nature, we would not exist, we would not even be able to breathe. From childhood, every child is taught to respect nature: water plants and feed animals. Each of us should remember this in adulthood: do not throw garbage on the street, treat natural resources with care, and avoid cruelty to animals. This is precisely the problem the author raises.

I completely agree with his position. Unfortunately, air pollution, fur coats and the very existence of the Red Book indicate man's irresponsible attitude towards nature.

In the work “The Little Prince” by the famous French writer Antoine De Saint-Exupéry, both children and adults will see an example of a surprisingly careful and careful attitude towards nature. The little prince lives alone on a small planet and every morning he puts his domain in order. There is an unconditional rule for him: “Get up in the morning, wash your face, put yourself in order - and immediately put your planet in order.” The main character cleans volcanoes and gets rid of harmful plants in his monastery so that nothing harms it. When a rose appears on the planet, the main character surrounds it with attention and care. Despite the capricious nature of the rose, the Little Prince treats it with all patience. The hero's attitude towards the nature of his home evokes respect.

V. Mayakovsky’s poem “Good attitude towards horses” describes the history of the horse. On a slippery pavement, a horse falls from fatigue, having not met any support from people. Nobody tries to help her... People watch and laugh. The author did not join the crowd, but walked up and looked into the horse’s eyes. The animal's helplessness and pain poured out in tears that rolled down, hiding in the fur. The author was struck by the melancholy in the animal’s gaze. He tried to mentally console and support the horse. As if sensing this, the mare “rushed, stood up, neighed and walked.” The support of one person helped the animal cope with the difficulty.

To sum up, we are all connected to nature by bonds of centuries-old strength. Our lives depend on her condition. By protecting nature, we also help ourselves. The task of man is to take care of what nature gives us with such generosity. The relationship between man and nature must be strong and harmonious, maintaining peace and tranquility.

Today we talked about the topic “ The problem of man's relationship to nature: arguments from literature“. You can use this option to prepare for the Unified State Exam.

Human activity is destroying nature
The state of nature depends on man
Preserving the environment is a priority for society
The future of humanity depends on the state of nature
Love for nature makes a person cleaner
People with high moral qualities protect nature
Love for nature changes a person for the better and contributes to his moral development
People have forgotten that nature is their home
Everyone tends to have their own view on the role of nature in human life

Arguments

I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”. The work contains two completely opposite views on the place of nature in people’s lives. Nihilist Evgeny Bazarov perceives the world around him as material for practice, saying that “nature is not a temple, but a workshop.” He tries to find benefit in everything, rather than see the beauty around him. The hero considers living beings only material for his research. For Arkady Kirsanov, who at first supported the views of Yevgeny Bazarov, nature is a source of harmony. He feels like an integral part of the world around him, sees and feels beauty.

ON THE. Nekrasov “Grandfather Mazai and the Hares.” The story of Grandfather Mazay rescuing hares has been known to every person since childhood. From the poem of the great poet it is clear that our hero is a hunter, which means that for him hares should first of all be prey. But grandfather Mazai cannot offend animals when they are absolutely helpless, between life and death. Love for nature turns out to be higher for a person than the opportunity to get easy prey. He shouts after the rescued hares so that they don’t come across him during the hunting period, but at the moment he releases them.

A.I. Kuprin “Olesya”. The attitude towards nature of the main character of the work can be called truly correct. Olesya's life is inextricably linked with the world around her. She feels that she is connected to the forest and that the forest is something alive. The girl loves all living things. Olesya is ready to protect everything connected with nature: grass, shrubs, huge trees. Unity with the outside world allows her to survive at a distance from people, in the depths of the forest.

V.P. Astafiev “Tsar Fish”. The fate of Gosha Gertsev is a striking example of the fact that nature can not only tolerate human attacks, but also actively defend itself with the help of its moral and punitive force. The hero who showed a consumerist, cynical attitude towards the environment is punished. Moreover, punishment threatens not only him, but all of humanity if it does not realize how cruel its activities are. Lack of spirituality, thirst for profit, thoughtless use of the achievements of scientific and technological progress - all this threatens the death of society.

B.L. Vasiliev “Don’t shoot white swans.” The work shows the different attitudes of people towards nature: we see both its defenders and enemies, whose activities are only of a consumer nature. The main character, Yegor Polushkin, takes care of all living things. He often becomes the object of ridicule because those around him do not support his views on the world. Egor Polushkin, while laying a pipe, decides to go around the anthill, which causes laughter and condemnation from people. When the hero needs money, he learns that the population can receive a reward for soaked bast. However, even in a difficult situation, the hero cannot decide to destroy a living thing, while his cousin destroys an entire grove for profit. Yegor Polushkin's son is distinguished by the same moral qualities: Kolka gives his expensive gift (a spinning rod that everyone dreamed of) to Vovka to save a puppy that the boy wanted to torture. The main character himself is killed by evil and envious people for his desire to protect nature.

Chingiz Aitmanov “The Scaffold”. The work shows how a person destroys the world around him with his own hands. People abuse saigas; wolf cubs die due to man-made fires. Not knowing where to direct her maternal love, the she-wolf becomes attached to the human child. People, not realizing this, shoot at her, but one of them ends up killing his own son. The death of a child can be blamed not on the she-wolf, but on the people who barbarously invaded her territory, exterminated her children, and therefore took up arms against nature. The work “The Scaffold” shows the consequences of such an attitude towards the living.

D. Granin “Bison”. The main character realizes with horror that almost all people, including scientists, are confident in the boundlessness of nature and the insignificant impact of humans on it. The bison does not understand how a person can approve scientific and construction projects that cause irreparable damage to all living things. He believes that science in this case works not for the benefit, but to the detriment of humanity. The hero is pained by the fact that almost no one has come to understand the true role of nature in human life, its uniqueness and vulnerability.

E. Hemingway “The Old Man and the Sea.” For the old fisherman, the sea is his breadwinner. In the entire appearance of the hero, a connection with nature is visible. The old man treats everything with respect and gratitude: he asks the caught fish for forgiveness. The work shows the role of nature’s generosity in our lives, and the hero demonstrates a truly correct attitude towards the world around him - grateful.

All humanity faces the most important task - preserving the diversity of all organisms living on Earth. All species (vegetation, animals) are closely interconnected. The destruction of even one of them leads to the disappearance of other species associated with it.

From the very moment man invented tools and became more or less intelligent, his comprehensive influence on the nature of the planet began. The more man developed, the greater the impact he had on the Earth's environment. How does man influence nature? What is positive and what is negative?

Negative points

There are both pros and cons of human influence on nature. First, let's look at negative examples of harmful things:

Deforestation associated with the construction of highways, etc.
Soil pollution occurs due to the use of fertilizers and chemicals.
Reduction in population numbers due to the expansion of fields for fields through deforestation (animals, deprived of their normal habitat, die).
The destruction of plants and animals due to the difficulties of their adaptation to a new life, greatly changed by man, or simply their extermination by people.
and water by diverse people themselves. For example, in the Pacific Ocean there is a “dead zone” where a huge amount of garbage floats.

Examples of human influence on the nature of the ocean and mountains, on the state of fresh water

The change in nature under human influence is very significant. The flora and fauna of the Earth are severely affected, and water resources are polluted.

Typically, light debris remains on the surface of the ocean. In this regard, access of air (oxygen) and light to the inhabitants of these territories is difficult. Numerous species of living creatures are trying to look for new places for their habitat, which, unfortunately, not everyone succeeds in.

Every year, ocean currents bring in millions of tons of trash. This is a real disaster.

Deforestation on mountain slopes also has a negative impact. They become bare, which contributes to erosion and, as a result, the soil loosens. And this leads to devastating collapses.

Pollution occurs not only in the oceans, but also in fresh water. Thousands of cubic meters of sewage or industrial waste flow into rivers every day.
And they are contaminated with pesticides and chemical fertilizers.

The terrible consequences of oil spills, mining

Just one drop of oil renders approximately 25 liters of water unfit for drinking. But that's not the worst thing. A fairly thin film of oil covers the surface of a huge area of water - approximately 20 m 2 of water. This is destructive for all living things. All organisms under such a film are doomed to slow death, because it prevents the access of oxygen to the water. This is also a direct influence of man on the nature of the Earth.

People extract minerals from the depths of the Earth, formed over several million years - oil, coal, etc. Such industrial production, along with cars, emit carbon dioxide into the atmosphere in huge quantities, which leads to a catastrophic decrease in the ozone layer of the atmosphere - the protector of the Earth's surface from deadly ultraviolet radiation from the Sun.

Over the past 50 years, the air temperature on Earth has increased by only 0.6 degrees. But that's a lot.

Such warming will lead to an increase in the temperature of the world's oceans, which will contribute to the melting of polar glaciers in the Arctic. Thus, the most global problem arises - the ecosystem of the Earth's poles is disrupted. Glaciers are the most important and voluminous sources of clean fresh water.

Benefit people

It should be noted that people bring certain benefits, and considerable ones.

From this point of view, it is necessary to note the influence of man on nature. The positive lies in the activities carried out by people to improve the ecology of the environment.

In many vast territories of the Earth in different countries, protected areas, reserves and parks are organized - places where everything is preserved in its original form. This is the most reasonable influence of man on nature, a positive one. In such protected areas, people contribute to the conservation of flora and fauna.

Thanks to their creation, many species of animals and plants have survived on Earth. Rare and already endangered species are necessarily included in the man-made Red Book, according to which fishing and collection of them is prohibited.

People also create artificial water channels and irrigation systems that help maintain and increase

Planting of diverse vegetation is also carried out on a large scale.

Ways to solve emerging problems in nature

To solve problems, it is necessary and important, first of all, to have an active influence of man on nature (positive).

As for biological resources (animals and plants), they should be used (extracted) in such a way that individuals always remain in nature in quantities that contribute to the restoration of the previous population size.

It is also necessary to continue work on organizing nature reserves and planting forests.

Carrying out all these activities to restore and improve the environment is a positive human impact on nature. All this is necessary for the benefit of oneself.

After all, the well-being of human life, like all biological organisms, depends on the state of nature. Now all humanity faces the most important problem - creating a favorable state and sustainability of the living environment.

Everyone knows that man and nature are inextricably linked with each other, and we see it every day. This is the blowing of the wind, and sunsets and sunrises, and the ripening of buds on the trees. Under her influence, society took shape, personalities developed, and art was formed. But we also have a reciprocal influence on the world around us, but most often negative. The environmental problem was, is and will always be relevant. So, many writers touched on it in their works. This selection lists the most striking and powerful arguments from world literature that address the issue of the mutual influence of nature and man. They are available for download in table format (link at the end of the article).

Astafiev Viktor Petrovich, “Tsar Fish”. This is one of the most famous works of the great Soviet writer Viktor Astafiev. The main theme of the story is the unity and confrontation between man and nature. The writer points out that each of us bears responsibility for what he has done and what happens in the world around him, no matter whether good or bad. The work also touches on the problem of large-scale poaching, when a hunter, not paying attention to prohibitions, kills and thereby wipes out entire species of animals from the face of the earth. Thus, by pitting his hero Ignatyich against Mother Nature in the person of the Tsar Fish, the author shows that the personal destruction of our habitat threatens the death of our civilization.
Turgenev Ivan Sergeevich, “Fathers and Sons.” A disdainful attitude towards nature is also discussed in Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons”. Evgeny Bazarov, an avowed nihilist, states bluntly: “Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it.” He does not enjoy the environment, does not find anything mysterious and beautiful in it, any manifestation of it is trivial to him. In his opinion, “nature should be useful, this is its purpose.” He believes that you need to take what she gives - this is the unshakable right of each of us. As an example, we can recall the episode when Bazarov, being in a bad mood, went into the forest and broke branches and everything else that came in his way. Neglecting the world around him, the hero fell into the trap of his own ignorance. Being a physician, he never made any great discoveries; nature did not give him the keys to her secret locks. He died from his own carelessness, becoming a victim of a disease for which he never invented a vaccine.
Vasiliev Boris Lvovich, “Don’t shoot white swans.” In his work, the author urges people to be more careful about nature, contrasting two brothers. A reserve forester named Buryanov, despite his responsible work, perceives the world around him as nothing other than a consumption resource. He easily and completely without a twinge of conscience cut down trees in the reserve in order to build himself a house, and his son Vova was even ready to torture the puppy he found to death. Fortunately, Vasiliev contrasts him with Yegor Polushkin, his cousin, who with all the kindness of his soul takes care of the natural environment, and it’s good that there are still people who care about nature and strive to preserve it.

Humanism and love for the environment

Ernest Hemingway, “The Old Man and the Sea.” In his philosophical story “The Old Man and the Sea,” which was based on a true event, the great American writer and journalist touched on many topics, one of which was the problem of the relationship between man and nature. The author in his work shows a fisherman who serves as an example of how to treat the environment. The sea feeds the fishermen, but also voluntarily yields only to those who understand the elements, its language and life. Santiago also understands the responsibility that the hunter bears to the halo of his habitat, and feels guilty for extorting food from the sea. He is burdened by the thought that man kills his fellow men in order to feed himself. This is how you can understand the main idea of the story: each of us must understand our inextricable connection with nature, feel guilty before it, and as long as we are responsible for it, guided by reason, then the Earth tolerates our existence and is ready to share its riches.
Nosov Evgeniy Ivanovich, “Thirty grains”. Another work that confirms that a humane attitude towards other living beings and nature is one of the main virtues of people is the book “Thirty Grains” by Evgeny Nosov. This shows the harmony between man and animal, the little titmouse. The author clearly demonstrates that all living beings are brothers by origin, and we need to live in friendship. At first, the titmouse was afraid to make contact, but she realized that in front of her was not someone who would catch him and be locked in a cage, but someone who would protect and help.
Nekrasov Nikolai Alekseevich, “Grandfather Mazai and the Hares.” This poem is familiar to every person since childhood. It teaches us to help our smaller brothers and take care of nature. The main character, Ded Mazai, is a hunter, which means that hares should be, first of all, prey and food for him, but his love for the place where he lives turns out to be higher than the opportunity to get an easy trophy. He not only saves them, but also warns them not to come across him during the hunt. Isn't this a high feeling of love for Mother Nature?
Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, “The Little Prince”. The main idea of the work is heard in the voice of the main character: “You got up, washed, put yourself in order and immediately put your planet in order.” Man is not a king, not a king, and he cannot control nature, but he can take care of it, help it, follow its laws. If every inhabitant of our planet followed these rules, then our Earth would be completely safe. It follows from this that we need to take care of it, treat it more carefully, because all living things have a soul. We have tamed the Earth and must be responsible for it.

Environmental problem

Rasputin Valentin “Farewell to Matera”. Valentin Rasputin showed the strong influence of man on nature in his story “Farewell to Matera”. On Matera, people lived in harmony with the environment, took care of the island and preserved it, but the authorities needed to build a hydroelectric power station, and decided to flood the island. So, an entire animal world went under the water, which no one took care of, only the inhabitants of the island felt guilty for the “betrayal” of their native land. Thus, humanity is destroying entire ecosystems due to the need for electricity and other resources necessary for modern life. It treats its conditions with trepidation and reverence, but completely forgets that entire species of plants and animals die and are destroyed forever because someone needed more comfort. Today, that area has ceased to be an industrial center, factories do not work, and dying villages do not need as much energy. This means that those sacrifices were completely in vain.
Aitmatov Chingiz, “The Scaffold”. By destroying the environment, we destroy our lives, our past, present and future - this problem is raised in the novel “The Scaffold” by Chingiz Aitmatov, where the personification of nature is a family of wolves that is doomed to death. The harmony of life in the forest was disrupted by a man who came and destroyed everything in his path. People started hunting saigas, and the reason for such barbarity was that there was a difficulty with the meat delivery plan. Thus, the hunter mindlessly destroys the environment, forgetting that he himself is part of the system, and this will ultimately affect him.
Astafiev Victor, “Lyudochka”. This work describes the consequence of the authorities’ disregard for the ecology of the entire region. People in a polluted, waste-smelling city have gone wild and are attacking each other. They have lost naturalness, harmony in the soul, now they are ruled by conventions and primitive instincts. The main character becomes a victim of gang rape on the banks of a garbage river, where rotten waters flow - as rotten as the morals of the townspeople. No one helped or even sympathized with Lyuda; this indifference drove the girl to suicide. She hanged herself on a bare crooked tree, which is also dying from indifference. The poisonous, hopeless atmosphere of dirt and toxic fumes reflects on those who made it so.