The modern royal family of Great Britain. Dark secrets of the British royal family. What independent sources indicate

MEMBERS OF THE ROYAL FAMILY

members of the Royal Family
Titles in English and photographs from the official website of the British monarchy http://www.royal.gov.uk,
If the full title is not given on the site, then its spelling is from Wikipedia

Traditionally, in Russian translations, biblical characters have names in Greek form, rather than in Latin. The same tradition is observed for the names of saints and church leaders of the highest degrees, as well as for the names of European monarchs. Therefore: Queen Elizabeth, not Elizabeth, John the Landless, not John; King George, not George, James, not James, etc. By the way, if the current Prince of Wales Charles inherits the throne of his mother, he will be called King Charles in Russian.

Before 1917, the British royal family did not have a surname, but only a dynasty name. In 1917, George V, due to the war with Germany, renounced all German titles for himself and his heirs and renamed the Saxe-Coburg-Gotha dynasty into the House of Windsor, taking at the same time the surname Windsor as his surname. In fact, the Saxe-Coburg-Gotha dynasty ended with Elizabeth, because only the male line is taken into account in genealogy. But in 1952, Queen Elizabeth II issued a proclamation stating that her descendants, although not male-line descendants of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, continued to belong to the House of Windsor. The Duke of Edinburgh is the only man in the country who is not allowed to pass on his surname to his own children. Prince Philip belongs to the House of Glücksburg, a branch of the Oldenburg dynasty. The full name is Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg. In 1960, the Queen decreed that her untitled male descendants would bear the surname Mountbatten-Windsor.
Seniority in the royal family, unlike the order of succession, is not regulated by law and is left to the discretion of the monarch.
Abbreviations after the title are titles:
KG - Knight of the Order of the Garter (the highest English order, in Great Britain there is no highest order for the entire country) Knight of the Order of the Garter,
KT – Knight of the Order of the Thistle (the highest Scottish order) Knight Companion of the Order of the Thistle,
OM – Knight of the Order of Merit, Member of the Order of Merit,
CMM Commander of the Order of Military Merit
GBE - Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire,
AC – Companion of the Order of Australia,
QSO – Companion of the Queen’s Service Order
PC – member of the Privy Council Privy Counsellor
GCVO – Knight/Dame of the Grand Cross of the (Royal) Victorian Order
GCStJ – Dame Grand Cross of the Most Glorious Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem
KStJ – Knight of Mercy of the Most Illustrious Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem
GCMG – Knight Grand Cross of the Most Excellent Order of St. Michael and St. George
Aide-de-Camp to Her Majesty – Her Majesty's Aide-de-Camp

ONZ Member of the Order of New Zealand
GCL Grand Companion of the Order of Logohu Order of the Bird of Paradise (Papua New Guinea) Logohu – bird of paradise in Motu language
CC Companion of the Order of Canada
ADC (P) Personal Aide-de-Camp

The queen's personal expenses and expenses for the maintenance of her court are provided for by the state budget and are called the civil list. Every year, the vote on the civil list for the royal family is the occasion for debate in Parliament. The civil list for 2010/11 was £13.6 million. In general, this financial year, the maintenance of the royal family cost the state budget 32.3 million pounds ($50.6 million) - the difference is explained by the fact that funds to cover the costs of foreign official trips of the Queen and members of her family, as well as for the maintenance of royal palaces and castles are allocated separately, in addition to the civil list. Transport costs and expenses for ensuring the security of the royal family and some other expense items are covered by separate grants from a special government department.
Thanks to the British monarchy, the country's budget receives at least 1 billion pounds sterling ($1.57 billion) annually, and as a brand, the royal family is valued at approximately 44.5 billion pounds ($69.8 billion).

The Duke of Edinburgh Full title: His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Earl of Merioneth and Baron Greenwich, KG, KT, OM, GBE, AC, QSO, PC		, husband of the queen
The Prince of Wales Full title: His Royal Highness Prince Charles Philip Arthur George, Prince of Wales, KG, KT, GCB, OM, AK, QSO, PC, ADC, Earl of Chester, Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Baron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles and Prince and Great Steward of Scotland		, son of the queen
The Duchess of Cornwall Full title: Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall, Duchess of Rothesay, Countess of Chester,		, wife of Prince Charles. By marriage to Charles, Camilla received all his titles, but prefers not to use her title of Princess of Wales in tribute to the late Princess Diana.
The Duke of Cambridge Full title: His Royal Highness Prince William Arthur Philip Louis, Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Strathearn, Baron Carrickfergus Knight of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, Personal Aide-de-Camp to Her Majesty The Queen		, grandson of the Queen, son of Prince Charles Before his marriage he was known as Prince William of Wales
The Duchess of Cambridge Full title: Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cambridge (England), Countess of Strathearn (Scotland) and Lady Carrickfergus (Ireland)		, wife of Prince William
Prince Harry Full title: His Royal Highness Prince Henry Charles Albert David of Wales		, grandson of the Queen, second son of Prince Charles
The Duke of York Full title: His Royal Highness The Prince Andrew Albert Christian Edward, Duke of York, Earl of Inverness, Baron Killyleagh, Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, Canadian Forces Decoration, Aide-de-Camp to Her Majesty		, second son of the queen, title of Duke of York traditionally awarded to the second son of the monarch
The Earl of Wessex Full title: His Royal Highness The Prince Edward Anthony Richard Louis, Earl of Wessex, Viscount Severn, Royal Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, Aide-de-Camp to Her Majesty		, third son of the queen First British prince to hold the title of Earl rather than Duke he is the heir to his father's title, Duke of Edinburgh
The Countess of Wessex Full title: Her Royal Highness The Princess Edward Countess of Wessex, Dame of Justice of the Most Venerable Order		, wife of Prince Edward Since the title of Countess was acquired through marriage, that's why the title sounds so wild from the point of view Russian language: Princess Edward, Countess of Wessex
The Princess Royal Full title: Her Royal Highness The Princess Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise, Princess Royal, Extra Knight of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, Dame Grand Cross and Grand Master of the Royal Victorian Order, of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem		, daughter of the queen, second child Since 1987 she has been given the title "Tsesarevna Princess" which is traditionally given to the eldest daughter of the reigning monarch.
The Duke of Gloucester Full title: His Royal Highness Prince Richard Alexander Walter George Duke of Gloucester, Earl of Ulster and Baron Culloden, Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, Grand Prior of the Order of St. John Service Medal of the Order of St. John.		, the queen's cousin, grandson of George V, son of Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester In the direct male line, Prince Richard is the eldest in the Windsor family, descendants of Queen Victoria and Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha that is, if the Salic law were in force in Great Britain, not allowing female inheritance, he would be king. Grand Prior of the Most Illustrious Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem.
The Duchess of Gloucester Full title: Her Royal Highness Princess Richard, Duchess of Gloucester, Countess of Ulster and Baroness Culloden, Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, Dame Grand Cross of the Most Venerable Order		, wife of Prince Richard so the title is: Princess Richard, Duchess of Gloucester
The Duke of Kent Full title: His Royal Highness Prince Edward George Nicholas Paul Patrick Duke of Kent, Earl of Saint Andrews and Baron Downpatrick, Royal Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, Grand Master and Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, Personal Aide-de-Camp to Her Majesty.		, the queen's cousin, grandson of George V, son of Prince George, Duke of Kent
The Duchess of Kent Full title: Her Royal Highness Princess Edward Duchess of Kent, Countess of St. Andrews and Baroness Downpatrick, Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order		, wife of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent Since the title of Duchess was acquired through marriage, so the title is: Princess Edward, Duchess of Kent Presented awards at the Wimbledon tennis tournament Converted to Catholicism
Princess Alexandra Full title: Her Royal Highness Princess Alexandra Helen Elizabeth Olga Christabel, The Honorable Lady Ogilvy, Royal Lady of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order		, cousin of the Queen of England granddaughter of George V, daughter of Prince George, Duke of Kent
Prince and Princess Michael of Kent Michael's full title: His Royal Highness Prince Michael George Charles Franklin of Kent, Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, Knight of Justice of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem		Michael, named after the younger brother of the Russian Tsar Nicholas II, cousin of the Queen, grandson of George V, second son of Prince George, Duke of Kent

Succession to the British throne as of July 2013

The order of succession is based on the Bill of Rights (1689) and the Act of Settlement (1701). All persons presented in the order of succession must be descendants of Sophia of Hanover, granddaughter of James I.
According to the anti-Catholic Act of Succession, Sophia unexpectedly found herself second in line to the British throne, since at that time she was the only descendant of the Protestant kings of England and Scotland with the exception of the daughter of James II, heir to the throne Anne Stuart. The Act of Succession established that only Protestants could inherit the English throne. A ban on inheritance was also imposed on Protestants who married Catholics. Sophia, the daughter of the Protestant King of Bohemia, would have received the title of Queen of Great Britain and Ireland if she had not died a few weeks before Queen Anne Stuart. Since all 5 of Queen Anne's children born alive died (and there were 18 pregnancies in total), her successor, the first of the House of Hanover, in 1714 was Sophia's son, Georg Ludwig, Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg, who ascended the throne under the name George I We know Queen Anna performed by Natalia Belokhvostikova in the film “A Glass of Water” based on the play by E. Scribe; there was also a teleplay in 1957 with artists of the Maly Theater, incl. with the incomparable Gogoleva in the role of the Duchess of Marlborough.
The Royal Marriages Act 1772 requires the monarch's consent for marriages of descendants of George II, except when princesses marry into other royal houses. In the event of a marriage without the consent of the monarch, the offspring from this marriage are formally considered illegitimate and excluded from the order of inheritance.
In October 2012, a long-awaited reform of the law on succession to the throne took place, under which previously the male offspring of the royal family had a preferential right to the throne. From now on, the eldest child of the royal family inherits the throne regardless of gender.

GENEALOGICAL TREE OF THE ROYAL FAMILY

Red numbers – order of succession to the throne

COAT OF ARMS OF THE ROYAL FAMILY

The coats of arms of members of the royal family are based on the national coat of arms of Great Britain. The National Arms of Great Britain is the official coat of arms of the British monarch (currently Elizabeth II). In Scotland, a special version of the royal coat of arms is used. The state emblem was formed under Queen Victoria, who reigned from 1837 to 1901,

The shield is the main element of the coat of arms; without the shield, the coat of arms does not exist. The shield of the royal coat of arms has a Gothic shape, cut and crossed, i.e. divided into 4 parts. The cut is made with a vertical line passing through the center of the shield. The intersection is made with a horizontal line passing through the center of the shield. The 1st and 3rd quarters contain the coat of arms of England, the 2nd quarter contains the coat of arms of Scotland, and the 4th quarter contains the coat of arms of Ireland.
The coat of arms of England is 3 golden marching lions on alert (in European heraldry - leopards) in a scarlet field. Lions are armed - claws and azure-colored tongue. The coat of arms of Scotland is in a golden field with a scarlet double inner border, sprouted with lilies, a rising scarlet lion with azure arms. This is the ancient coat of arms of the county of Fife, as well as of Macduff (Macduff), Thane of Fife and his descendants. The coat of arms of Ireland is a golden harp with silver strings in an azure field. The origin of this symbol is unclear. Ireland is the only country in the world whose national symbol is a musical instrument.
In heraldry, gold and silver are metals. The 5 other primary colors are enamel or enamel or tincture.
The shield is crowned with a golden knight's helmet with a lattice. He wears an imperial crown with a crest - a golden crowned lion. To the right and left of the helmet is a golden mantle lined with ermine. The mantle is a heraldic decoration that owes its origin to the Crusades. Already on the second campaign, the knights, to prevent the helmet from becoming hot from the rays of the sun, began to cover its top with a piece of material, which turned into fancy rags during the campaign and battles. In heraldry, the mantle received an elegant, patterned appearance.
In English heraldry, a golden helmet with a lattice visor, turned straight - for the coats of arms of sovereigns and princes of royal blood. Silver helmet with gold lattice visor - for peers. A steel helmet with a raised visor - for knights. A steel tournament helmet is for Scottish leaders, a closed steel helmet is for untitled persons. Since the reign of King James I in England, the shape of the visor depended on the rank of its owner. The visor of the king's golden helmet consisted of five metal stripes. The Prince of Wales had seven stripes in a similar helmet. The visor of the peer's silver helmet included five stripes. Steel baronial helmets had an open visor without stripes. In contrast, only a narrow slit for viewing was present in the visors of the steel helmets of lower-ranking nobles. A completely closed visor was typical for the coats of arms of illegitimate children.
A golden crowned lion (symbol of England) as a shield holder supports the shield on the right (in heraldry, the right side of the shield is determined from the point of view of the person holding the shield). On the other side, the shield is supported by a silver unicorn (symbol of Scotland) chained in a gold chain with gold arms and mane, a red tongue, and a gold collar in the form of a crown. James VI, the first English king of the Scottish Stuart dynasty, placed the unicorn on the royal coat of arms in 1603, displacing the Tudor Welsh dragon. Henceforth, the struggle between the Scottish and English dynasties was often depicted as a symbolic battle between the unicorn and the lion. England won, and the Scottish unicorn is shown chained on the coat of arms of Great Britain.
A blue strap with a buckle surrounds the shield. This is the garter, the badge of the highest and oldest English Order of the Garter, established by King Edward III in 1348. The motto, written on the tape in Old French, reads: “Honi soit qui mal y pense” - “Let him be ashamed who thinks badly of it.” A famous legend says that at the ball Joan Kent, Countess of Salisbury, who was dancing with Edward, lost her garter, blue, embroidered and studded with precious stones. The garter fell right at the king's feet. A somewhat ambiguous situation was created, but the king gallantly picked up the garter, tied it on his sleeve and, admonishing the scoffers, uttered the phrase “Honi soit qui mal y pense” in French. Here an idea struck him, and he said: “I announce the establishment of the Royal Order of the Garter! And let my words be the motto of this order.”
The shield holders stand on a green English lawn, on which grow the Tudor rose, clover and thistle - symbolic plants of England, Northern Ireland and Scotland. The Tudor rose (Tudors is the English accent on the first syllable) is the heraldic symbol of the family and the whole country, which united the scarlet rose of Lancaster and the white rose of York - two branches of the Plantagenet dynasty that fought for power. At the very bottom of the coat of arms is written the motto of the monarch in Great Britain: “DIEU ET MON DROIT” (French: “God and my right”). There is no exact explanation of the meaning of this phrase. It is believed to be a shortened phrase for "God and my right watch over me."

Scottish version of the royal coat of arms

The Scottish version has the following differences.
The 1st and 4th quarters of the shield are occupied by the coat of arms of Scotland, and the 2nd by the coat of arms of England. The shield holders are swapped, and the unicorn is crowned in the same way as the lion. The lion and unicorn hold in their paws and hooves scarlet staffs with the national flags of England (a white flag with the cross of St. George) and Scotland (a blue flag with a white cross of St. Andrew). On the unicorn and helmet is not an imperial crown, but the crown of the King of Scotland with a crest in the form of a red upright lion holding a scepter and sword in its paws. Above the crest is the motto “In Defens”, which is part of the full Scottish motto which sounds like “In My Defens God Me Defend” - the first line of an ancient Scottish prayer. Around the shield is the chain of the Order of the Thistle, the highest Scottish order. On the base there is a thistle. The inscription in Latin at the bottom of the coat of arms is the motto of the Order of the Thistle: Nemo me impune lacessit, that is, “No one will touch me with impunity.”

COAT OF ARMS OF THE PRINCE OF WALES

Charles, Prince of Wales, the Queen's eldest son. As heir to the British throne, Prince Charles has a special personal coat of arms, based on the national coat of arms of Great Britain. The most significant difference is the tournament collar. The silver tournament collar is located in the head of the shield, on the neck of the shield holders, on the neck of the helmet lion and on the neck of the Welsh dragon.

Tournament collar or title or lambel (German Turnierkragen, French le lambel, English, label) - a beam with downward, widely spaced teeth. This “addition” is made to the upper, head part of the shield. It means that the coat of arms belongs to a junior branch of a given family - in this case, the son of the monarch. The figure probably comes from the details of horse harness - it is a rope with ribbon flags (points). Additional symbols may also be located on the tournament collar itself. At first, the number of ribbons did not carry much meaning, but since the time of Edward the Black Prince, three tournament collar ribbons are usually placed on the heir’s shield when his father is alive, five ribbons when his grandfather is alive, and seven ribbons when his great-grandfather is alive.

In the center of the shield is a shield representing the royal badge of Wales under the crown of the Prince of Wales. The royal sign was approved in 2008 - a shield cut and cut into gold and scarlet with four marching lions with azure weapons (claws and tongue). Wales does not have an official coat of arms. All the crowns on the shield are the crown of the Prince of Wales, which has a real embodiment.
The shield holders are placed on a stand on which are located: the coat of arms of the Duchy of Cornwall crowned with the crown of the Prince of Wales; the heraldic badge of Edward the Black Prince, a heraldic Welsh dragon with a silver tournament collar around its neck. Motto Ribbon: Silver with gold letters "ICH DIEN" (short for German Ich dienen "I serve"). This motto was part of the coat of arms of the King of Bohemia.
The heraldic sign of Edward the Black Prince is also the heraldic sign of the Prince of Wales - these are three ostrich feathers.
The ostrich feather is the heraldic symbol of Henry V. This symbol first appeared on the shield of Edward Woodstock, the "Black Prince", the eldest son of Edward III. He may have inherited the symbol from his mother, Philippa of Gennegau (county of Gennegau in French county of Hainaut).
“Among those who fell in the Battle of Crecy (1346) was the king of Bohemia, a blind old man. Hearing that his son was wounded and that no force could withstand the Black Prince, he called two horsemen, placed himself between them on a trotter, tied three together bridle and burst into the midst of the English, where he died immediately. On his helmet were three ostrich feathers and the motto: “Ich dien,” meaning “I serve.” The Prince of Wales took the helmet along with the motto as a memory of that glorious day, and with Since then all the Princes of Wales have worn it." (Charles Dickens "History of England for Children").
I suspect that there is no trotter in the original source. Trotters are specially bred draft horses that can run at a brisk trot for a long time, without getting tired or going into a gallop - a gait of a horse in which it alternately rearranges pairs of legs located diagonally. A riding horse usually gallops rather than at a brisk trot. When trotting, at the moment of transition from diagonal to diagonal, a jump is created, thanks to which the horse throws the rider sitting on its back. When riding at a trot, the rider, standing up in the stirrups, moves the body forward and upward, passing one push at this time. Having lowered himself into the saddle, the rider immediately rises again, etc. These lowering and raising are performed rhythmically, in accordance with the rhythm of the horse’s movement. If you sit on a trotter going at a brisk trot, then the shaking will be such that it will shake out your whole soul; the rider simply will not have time to rise in time. And the first trotter with a frisky trot is our Oryol trotter; before him, trotters walked at a quiet trot, in fact, they were not trotters.
And here is an excerpt from “Symbolic Politics” by A. Nesterov: “As for the German motto, its origin is correlated with the victory of the Black Prince in the Battle of Crecy (1346) over the French army, on whose side King John I of Luxembourg (aka King Bohemia). The Black Prince deeply respected John as a brave knight and when he found his body on the battlefield, he removed the helmet crowned with white feathers from the dead king, and made it and the motto of the late king the heraldic badge of the English heirs to the throne. This gesture was intended to emphasize that. The victory of the English army at Crecy was brought about by Welsh archers, and the German “Ich Dien” (“I serve”) is consonant with the Welsh “Eich Dyn” (“Your people”).”
The title of Duke of Cornwall always belongs to the eldest son of the British monarch. It was first granted to Edward, the eldest son of King Edward III of England. Since the Black Prince died before his father, the title of Duke began to be borne by his son, the future King Richard II. The Duke of Cornwall is the first peer of the kingdom of England and the only duke of Great Britain who currently holds his own dukedom. The principle is that the title and duchy never pass to the grandson of the reigning monarch, but only to his sons. The coat of arms of the Duchy of Cornwall consists of fifteen golden balls arranged in a triangle on a black background. The balls symbolize coins.

Personal coat of arms of Charles, Duke of Rothesay

As the Scottish Duke of Rothesay, Charles has a different coat of arms. Four o'clock shield, with shield. The shield represents the coat of arms of Scotland with a blue tournament collar above a lion. The first and fourth parts of the shield depict the personal coat of arms of the Stuart dynasty: in a golden field there is a blue belt with a silver checkerboard pattern. In the second and third quarters is the coat of arms of the Lord of the Isles: on a silver field there is a black rook with red flags and a golden deck.
The Kingdom of the Isles (Gaelic: Rioghachd nan Eilean, English: Kingdom of the Isles) was a Gaelic-Norwegian state in the Hebrides and the west coast of Scotland during the Middle Ages. Despite the nominal suzerainty over the kingdom of first Norway and then Scotland, the state actually maintained independence until the end of the 15th century, relying on a powerful navy. The Kingdom of the Isles played a significant role in the development of the culture of the highland clans of Scotland and Scottish statehood in general. The head of state, starting in 1366, bore the title Lord of the Isles.
On the shield there is a golden royal helmet with a golden mantle, lined with ermine fur, crowned with the crown of the Prince of Wales, with a crest - a Scottish royal red lion, sitting in front, with an image of a blue tournament collar on the neck, crowned with the crown of the Prince of Wales, holding in his right paw a silver sword with a golden hilt, and in his left paw a golden scepter. The shield surrounds the chain of the Order of the Thistle. Shield holders - silver, with gold arms and mane, red tongue, unicorns crowned with the crown of the Prince of Wales with a gold collar in the form of a crown and a gold chain from it, below the collar is a blue tournament collar, holding standards: on the right - with the image of a central shield, on the left - the Scottish flag . The shield and shield holders stand on a green lawn, with green stems and thistle flowers.

COAT OF ARMS OF THE DUCHESS OF CORNWALL

Camilla's coat of arms was created in 2005 and combines the coats of arms of her husband, the Prince of Wales, and her father, Bruce Shand. Around the shield is the ribbon of the Royal Victorian Order. The only newly created element of the coat of arms is the shield-holder boar.

COAT OF ARMS OF THE DUKE OF EDINBURGH

Unlike other members of the royal family, Prince Philip's coat of arms cannot be based on the British national coat of arms, since a husband cannot inherit his wife's coat of arms. Prince Philip was the only son of Prince Andrew, brother of the then reigning King Constantine, and at birth Philip had the title of Prince of Greece and Denmark. Philip's father belonged to the Danish house of Glücksburg, which reigned in Greece, and Philip's mother, Princess Alice, belonged to the Battenberg family, the anglicized version is Mountbatten (Mountbatten).
The 1st quarter of the shield contains three azure leopard lions and 9 red hearts on a golden shield - the coat of arms of Denmark. The 2nd quarter of the shield is the coat of arms of Greece - an azure shield with a silver cross. The right shield holder from the Greek royal coat of arms is Hercules, girded with the skin of a lion, crowned with an oak wreath and holding a club in his right hand. The 3rd quarter of the shield is the Battenberg coat of arms - two black pillars in a silver shield. In the 4th quarter there is the coat of arms of Edinburgh. The left shield holder is a lion in a ducal crown, on the neck is an azure naval crown - during the Second World War, Philip served in the English fleet. Crest – black and silver ostrich feathers. A blue strap with a buckle surrounds the shield. This is the garter, the badge of the highest and oldest English Order of the Garter. The motto, written on the tape in Old French, reads: “Honi soit qui mal y pense” - “Let him be ashamed who thinks badly of it.” Below is the motto God is my help God will help me.

COAT OF ARMS OF THE DUKE OF CAMBRIDGE

William, Duke of Cambridge, grandson of the Queen, eldest son of Prince Charles. Awarded on Prince William's 18th birthday in 2000. The base is the national coat of arms of Great Britain with the addition of a tournament collar. As William is the eldest son of the Prince of Wales, the tournament collar has three bands, with the central band featuring a conch shell, the Spencer coat of arms, referencing William's mother, Princess Diana. The shield is topped with the crown of the son of the heir to the throne.

COAT OF ARMS OF THE DUCHESS OF CAMBRIDGE

The Duchess's coat of arms is composed of two coats of arms: on the right is the coat of arms of her husband, the Duke of Cambridge; on the left is the coat of arms of his father, Michael Middleton. The Middleton family received the coat of arms in 2011 due to the fact that their daughter became a member of the royal family. Anyone can order a coat of arms from the British Chamber of Heraldry, but in the case of the Middleton family this was a condition established by the rules of the court.
The shield is surmounted by the crown of the son of the Prince of Wales.
The central line separating the two colors of the shield on the Middleton coat of arms is the vowel emblem, i.e. directly matching the surname Middle-ton between the colors. The acorn (oak) is a traditional symbol of England, and western Berkshire, where the family has lived for more than 30 years, is famous for its oak groves. Three acorns - three children. The golden raised rafter (the sides rest against the side edges of the shield) hints at the maiden name of the duchess's mother - Goldsmith, a goldsmith. The two narrow white rafters symbolize the mountains and the family's love of the Lake District and skiing.
On the shield holders, a lion and a hind, is the crown of the Duke of Cambridge.

COAT OF ARMS OF HARRY OF WALES

Prince Harry of Wales, grandson of the Queen, youngest son of Prince Charles. Awarded on Prince Harry's 18th birthday in 2002. The base is the national coat of arms of Great Britain with the addition of a tournament collar. Because the prince is the grandson of the monarch, the tournament collar has five ribbons, with the first, third and fifth ribbons featuring a conch shell, the Spencer coat of arms, pointing to William's mother, Princess Diana.

ARMOR OF THE DUKE OF YORK

Andrew, Duke of York, son of the Queen. The coat of arms was adopted in 1963. It is based on the national coat of arms of Great Britain with the addition of a tournament collar with three ribbons, like the son of a monarch, with an azure anchor depicted on the central ribbon. The shield is topped with a crown corresponding to the dignity of the princes - royal children, with the owner's cap.

COAT OF ARMS OF THE EARL OF WESSEX

Edward, Earl of Wessex, son of the Queen. The coat of arms was adopted in 1983. It is based on the national coat of arms of Great Britain with the addition of a tournament collar with three ribbons, like the son of a monarch, with the Tudor rose depicted on the central ribbon. The shield is topped with a crown corresponding to the dignity of the princes - royal children, with the owner's cap.

COAT OF ARMS OF THE COUNTESS OF WESSEX

Countess Sophie's coat of arms is based on that of her husband, Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, and that of her father Christopher Rhys-Jones. Adopted in 1999. The shield is crowned with a crown corresponding to the dignity of the princes - royal children, with the owner's cap.
The coat of arms reflects the origins of the Duchess's family among the Welsh nobility, namely from King Vortigern and from Elistan the Memorable, in the coats of arms of whose descendants a typical figure is a turned lion. The scarlet and azure also correspond to the red and blue regimental colors of the Royal Fusiliers, in whose ranks many members of the family served. The coat of arms is supplemented with the heraldic insignia of the Grand Cross of the Victorian Order. CAS motto GWR NI CHAR Y WLAD A'I MACO (Welsh. A man who does not love the country that nourished him is disgusting). The dragon is the symbol of Wales.

COAT OF ARMS OF THE PRINCESS

Anna, Princess-Tsesarevna, daughter of the Queen. The coat of arms was adopted in 1962. It is based on the state coat of arms of Great Britain with the addition of a tournament collar with three ribbons, like the daughter of a monarch, with a scarlet heart depicted on the central ribbon, and the cross of St. George on the outer ribbons. The shield is topped with a crown corresponding to the dignity of the princes - royal children, with the owner's cap. The rhombic shield belongs only to the ladies' coat of arms.

ARMOR OF THE DUKE OF GLOUCESTER

Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester, the Queen's cousin, second son of Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (third son of King George V). The coat of arms was granted in 1962. It is based on the state coat of arms of Great Britain with the addition of the tournament collar of the grandson of the monarch with five ribbons. Three ribbons depict the crosses of St. George, and two depict a scarlet marching lion on guard (in European heraldry, a leopard). The shield is surmounted by the crown of the monarch's grandson with alternating Maltese crosses and strawberry leaves.

COAT OF ARMS OF THE DUCHESS OF GLOUCESTER

Duchess Birgitta's coat of arms is based on that of her husband, Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester, and the coat of arms of her father the barrister Henriksen, placed in a central escutcheon, whose position in the center of the shield gives it priority over all other parts of the husband's coat of arms. The woman's family coat of arms is placed on the central shield if the woman has the right to pass on the family coat of arms by inheritance (for example, when there are no male heirs in the family). The shield is surmounted by the crown of the monarch's grandson with alternating Maltese crosses and strawberry leaves. Around the shield is a blue strap of the Royal Victorian Order. Below is the sign of the order.

ARMOR OF THE DUKE OF KENT

Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, cousin of the Queen, son of Prince George, Duke of Kent, fourth son and fifth child of King George V. Prince Edward's coat of arms is based on the national coat of arms of Great Britain with the addition of the monarch's grandson's tournament collar with five ribbons. Three ribbons depict azure anchors, two – crosses of St. George. The shield is surmounted by the crown of the monarch's grandson with alternating Maltese crosses and strawberry leaves.

COAT OF ARMS OF THE DUCHESS OF KENT

The coat of arms of Duchess Catherine is based on the coat of arms of her husband, Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, and the coat of arms of her father Baronet Worsley. The shield is surmounted by the crown of the monarch's grandson with alternating Maltese crosses and strawberry leaves. Around the shield is a blue strap of the Royal Victorian Order. Below is the sign of the order.

COAT OF ARMS OF ALEXANDRA OF KENT

Princess Alexandra, The Right Honorable Lady Ogilvy, cousin of the Queen, daughter of Prince George, Duke of Kent, fourth son and fifth child of King George V. The coat of arms was adopted in 1961. The basis is the national coat of arms of Great Britain with the addition of a tournament collar with five ribbons, like the granddaughter of the monarch , and on the outer ribbons there are scarlet hearts, on the central one - the cross of St. George, on the remaining ribbons - azure anchors. The shield is surmounted by the crown of the monarch's grandson with alternating Maltese crosses and strawberry leaves. The rhombic shield belongs only to the ladies' coat of arms.

COAT OF MICHAEL OF KENT

Michael of Kent, the Queen's cousin, grandson of King George V, second son of Prince George, Duke of Kent. Prince Michael's coat of arms is based on the national coat of arms of Great Britain with the addition of the monarch's grandson's tournament collar with five ribbons. Three ribbons depict crosses of St. George, two – azure anchors. The shield is surmounted by the crown of the monarch's grandson with alternating Maltese crosses and strawberry leaves. Around the shield is a blue strap of the Royal Victorian Order. Below is the sign of the order.

COAT OF ARMS OF PRINCESS MICHAEL OF KENT

The coat of arms of Maria Christina von Reibnitz is based on the coat of arms of her husband, Prince Michael of Kent, and the coat of arms of her father, Baron Gunther von Reibnitz. The shield is surmounted by the crown of the monarch's grandson with alternating Maltese crosses and strawberry leaves.

The Queen: Official: St. James Palace, Buckingham Palace, Windsor Castle, Palace of Holyroodhouse Private: Balmoral Castle and Sandringham Estate Charles and Camilla: Official: Clarence House, London Private: Highgrove in Gloucester, and Llwynywormwood in Wales (both owned by the Duchy of Cornwall), Birkhall on the Balmore Estate (owned by the Queen), Delnadamph Lodge on the Balmoral Estate (also owned by the Queen and gifted to Charles and Diana as their first Scottish retreat and now being rebuilt). William Duke and Duchess of Cambridge Kensington Palace has been traditionally regarded as a Royal starter home, and Harry: None of their own - share Clarence House officially, and have cottages/lodges at Balmoral (and elsewhere) but they are not owned by the princes themselves. Andrew Duke of York: Official: Apartment at Buckingham Palace Private: Royal Lodge, owned by the Crown Estate and leased to him. Edward and Sophie, Earl and Countess of Wessex Official: Apartment at Buckingham Palace Private: Bagshot Park, owned by the Crown Estate and leased to them. Anne, Princess Royal Official: Apartment at Buckingham Palace (or St. James Palace, depends on the source) Private: Aside from her parents, Anne is the only inner royal who owns her own home. She has Gatcombe Park, bought by the Queen privately as a wedding gift to her and her first husband. The Duke and Duchess of Gloucester Official: Apartment in Kensington Palace Private: Barnwell Manor (Duke still owns it, inherited it from his late father, but do not live there - it is rented out) The Duke and Duchess of Kent Official: Wren House , Kensington Palace Private: None. They occupied Anmer Hall (leased from the Queen) for 18 years, then Crocker End House for a while, but appear today to not own a country home). Prince and Princess Michael of Kent Official: Apartment at Kensington Palace Private: None. They sold their home at Nether Lypiatt Manor a few years back. Princess Alexandra Official: Apartment at St. James Palace Private: Thatched House Lodge, Richmond (leased from Crown Estate)

Elizabeth II (English Elizabeth II), full name - Elizabeth Alexandra Mary (English Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; April 21, 1926, London, UK) - Queen of Great Britain from 1952 to the present. She ascended the throne on February 6, 1952, at the age of twenty-five, following the death of her father, King George VI. He is the longest reigning monarch in British history.

Elizabeth II comes from the Windsor dynasty.

She is the head of the British Commonwealth of Nations and, in addition to Great Britain, the queen of fifteen independent states: Australia, Antigua and Barbuda, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Grenada, Canada, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, St. Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Jamaica. He is also the head of the Church of England and the Supreme Commander of the British Armed Forces.

Eldest daughter of Prince Albert, Duke of York (future King George VI, 1895–1952) and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (1900–2002). Her grandparents: on her father's side - King George V (1865-1936) and Queen Mary, Princess of Teck (1867-1953); on the mother's side - Claude George Bowes-Lyon, Earl of Strathmore (1855-1944) and Cecilia Nina Bowes-Lyon (1883-1938).

Princess Elizabeth Alexandra Mary was born in London's Mayfair at the Earl of Strathmore's residence at No. 17 Brewton Street. The area has now been rebuilt and the house no longer exists, but there is a memorial plaque on the site. She received her name in honor of her mother (Elizabeth), grandmother (Maria) and great-grandmother (Alexandra).

At the same time, the father insisted that his daughter’s first name be like the duchess. At first they wanted to give the girl the name Victoria, but then they changed their minds. George V remarked: “Bertie was discussing the girl's name with me. He named three names: Elizabeth, Alexandra and Maria. The names are all good, that’s what I told him, but about Victoria I absolutely agree with him. It was unnecessary." Princess Elizabeth's christening took place on May 25 in the chapel at Buckingham Palace, which was later destroyed during the war.

- the current ruling royal dynasty in Great Britain.

The House of Windsor was established on July 17, 1917 by King George V with the aim of ridding the ruling dynasty of the former German name of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in the conditions of the First World War. The name "Windsor" refers to Windsor Castle, one of the main residences of the British monarch.

Monarchs of the Windsor dynasty.

King George VI in full dress uniform.

since 1952: Elizabeth II.

Genealogy.

The House of Windsor is the British branch of the Saxe-Coburg and Gotha House (and thus a branch of the House of Wettin) to which Queen Victoria's husband, Prince Albert, belonged (Victoria herself came from the House of Hanover).

The only king of Great Britain who belonged to the Saxe-Coburg-Gotha dynasty is officially considered Edward VII (reigned 1901-1910).

From the point of view of traditional genealogy, in which kinship is considered through the male line, the Windsor dynasty should have ended with Elizabeth II.

Prince Charles and his descendants would have belonged to the Glücksburg branch of the House of Oldenburg, from which Elizabeth II's husband, Prince Philip, descends (the Russian Emperor Peter III and all his male-line descendants also belonged to this house). However, due to the aforementioned 1952 proclamation, just as the Russian Tsars called themselves the Romanovs, Charles and his descendants continue to be called Windsors.

Oldenburgs are in Russia: executed impostors: “Romanovs”, in Germany: “Holstein-Gottorpskys”, Holstein Jews, who in 1854 earned themselves the Prussian nobility together with the Jew Rothschild. Nikolaev Jewish soldiers of the old red (Prussian) guard of Elston-Sumarokov.

The executed Romanov impostors were not any “kings” and certainly not “Russians”. They were Germans, bandits and naked people. They are exactly the same bandits as the Bolsheviks. For this they were shot. So, the reference to the executed Romanov impostors (Holstein Jews) is not appropriate and for the Battenberg-Mountbattens it has shades of black humor. The Holstein-Gottorpskys ended badly in the Russia they captured.

George VI.

George VI (English George VI, baptismal names Albert Frederick Arthur George; December 14, 1895, York Cottage, Sandringham, Norfolk, England - February 6, 1952, Sandringham) - King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Canada, Australia and South Africa from December 11, 1936. From the Windsor dynasty.

He ascended the throne after the abdication of his brother, Edward VIII. It went down in history primarily as a symbol of the struggle of Great Britain and the countries of the British Empire against Nazi Germany in the Second World War.

George's reign was marked by the collapse of the British Empire and its transformation into the Commonwealth of Nations. He was the last Emperor of India (from 12 December 1936 to 15 August 1947) and the last King of Ireland (until 18 April 1949). He bore the title of Head of the Commonwealth since April 29, 1949.

That is, not a king. :(

On the father of Mary of Teck: Duke of Teck Farancisk - there is no information on the Internet. Although, it would seem: the oldest royal family. And some of the relatives are all either beggars, or impostors, or generally rootless persons whom they could not find in a hundred years. No data available. This is strange.

Mary Adelaide Wilhelmina Elizabeth of Cambridge (27 November 1833, Hanover - 27 October 1897, White Lodge, Richmond Park, London) - a member of the British royal family, granddaughter of George III. Daughter of Adolph Frederick, Duke of Cambridge and Augusta of Hesse-Kassel; wife of Francis, Duke of Teck and mother of Mary of Teck, Queen of Great Britain and Empress of India, wife of George V.

Mother-in-law is great! I like her! What you? Gorgeous!

Her grandparents: on her father's side - King George V (1865-1936) and Queen Mary, Princess of Teck (1867-1953);

Lady Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon (4 August 1900, London - 30 March 2002, Windsor) - wife of King George VI and mother of Queen Elizabeth II, Queen Consort of the United Kingdom from 1936 to 1952. Queen Elizabeth, last Empress of India (1936–1950), Lord Warden of the Five Harbors (1978–2002). From 1952 she was known as Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, to avoid confusion with her daughter the Queen.

Bowes-Lyon, Claude George.

Claude George Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne; 14 March 1855, Lowndes Square, Belgravia, London - 7 November 1944, Glamis Castle) - British aristocrat, father of Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, the Queen Mother, grandfather of Queen Elizabeth II.

Lord Charles Cavendish-Bentinck

by Lafayette (Lafayette Ltd)

sepia-toned proof print, 1900s

National Portrait Gallery, London

Claude was born in Lowndes Square in the Belgravia area of ​​London, the eldest of eleven children of Claude Bowes-Lyon, 13th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, and his wife, Frances Dora Smith. One of his younger brothers, Patrick, was a tennis player and won the Wimbledon doubles tournament in 1887.

After graduating from Eton College, Claude George was drafted into the 2nd Life Guards, where he served for six years until 1882. He was an active member of the Territorial Army and served as an honorary colonel of the 4th/5th Black Watch Battalion.

On the death of his father on 16 February 1904, he inherited the earldom and extensive estates in Scotland and England, including Glamis Castle. He was also appointed Lord Lieutenant of Angus, which he relinquished in 1936 when his daughter Elizabeth became Queen Consort.

Claude George took a keen interest in forestry and was one of the first plant growers in Britain to grow larch from seed. Bowes-Lyon had many small landowners on his estates and earned a brilliant reputation among his tenants. Contemporaries described him as an unassuming man who could often be seen wearing "an old mackintosh belted with a piece of fishing line." He worked his lands and enjoyed manual labor on his estates. Visitors might have mistaken him for a simple worker.

Despite the Earl's reserved attitude towards the royal family, in 1923 his youngest daughter married King George V's second son, Prince Albert, Duke of York, and Lord Strathmore himself was knighted Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order to mark the marriage. Five years later he was knighted by Thistle.

In 1936, Edward VIII abdicated the throne and his brother, Lord Strathmore's son-in-law, became king. As the father of the king's wife, Claude George was knighted of the Garter. Also, as a coronation reward, in 1937 Bowes-Lyon was created Earl of Statmore and Kinghorne in the Peerage of Great Britain, which allowed him to enter the House of Lords.

As Claude George grew older, he began to rapidly lose his hearing. Lord Strathmore died of bronchitis on November 7, 1944, aged 89, at Glamis Castle.

Claude Bowes-Lyon, 13th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne” - the father of Elizabeth II’s grandfather, from whom money, lands and title came to Elizabeth’s grandfather: information on the Internet is not available. And this is the royal family of the Second (Third) Reich - Prussia for the entire planet. Also very strange. The origin is obtained from the lower (democratic) strata of the population of Greater Germany 1871-1946.

Claude was born in Lowndes Square in the Belgravia area of ​​London, the eldest of eleven children of Claude Bowes-Lyon, 13th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, and his wife, Frances Dora Smith.

“Bose-Lyon, Francis” - there is also no information on the Internet . The origin of the money, title and lands has not been confirmed by the biographers of the Queen of England.

Elizabeth Angela Margaret Bowes-Lyon was the youngest daughter and ninth of ten children of Claude George Bowes-Lyon (later 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne), and his wife Cecilia Nina Cavendish-Bentinck

Cecilia Nina Cavendish-Bentinck, Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne (11 September 1862, London - 23 June 1938, ibid.) - mother of Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, Queen Mother , and grandmother and godmother of Queen Elizabeth II.

Cecilia was born on 11 September 1862 in Belgravia, London, the eldest of three daughters of Charles William Frederick Cavendish-Bentinck and his second wife Caroline Louise Barnaby.

On 16 July 1881 in Petersham, Cecilia married Scottish nobleman Claude George Bowes-Lyon (1855–1944). On her father's death on 16 February 1904, Cecilia's husband inherited the earldom and extensive holdings in Scotland and England; Cecilia herself became Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne.

Information on Elizabeth's maternal grandmother is also missing. But we are talking about the parents of Elizabeth I: the mother of Elizabeth II and the wife of George VI.

Cecilia Nina Cavendish-Bentinck, Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorn - September 11, 1862, London - June 23, 1938, ibid.) - mother of Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, the Queen Mother, and grandmother and godmother of Queen Elizabeth II.

But the vaunted English aristocracy, lords, counts, rich people. And she was born in 1862, when photography in the USA was in full bloom. If photographs of the parents of the Queen Mother of England are not shown to anyone, it means that someone needs it. Simply put, they simply cannot be shown, so as not to compromise the English royal family from the German occupiers of the Red Army of Jewish Cossacks Elston-Sumarokov.

The parents of the English Queen Mother Elizabeth II - this is not a theatrical show with Queen Victoria, this is a close time where persistent journalists and paparazzi can unearth a true biography and create a scandal in the press worse than Diana Spencer and Camilla Parker-Bowles with Mr. Tumpex.

If Philip's pedigree ends at his great-grandfathers, then Elizabeth's ends at her grandparents. Here you will inevitably post photographs of Queen Victoria in order to instill in your subjects the idea of ​​the great Hanoverian dynasty of good Germans of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, in Russia: Holstein-Gottorp. And all together: the Jews of Holstein, who in 1854 earned themselves the Prussian nobility together with the Jew Rothschild.

For this purpose, such an information curtain was needed from the impostors of the Romanovs, proteges of Germany, shot in Russia: the Jews of Holstein, who in 1854 earned themselves the Prussian nobility together with the Jew Rothschild, so that they would not bother to check the pedigree of Elizabeth and Philip Battenberg on the mother of the Mountbattens?

While everyone is busy thinking about the photoshop of the good Germans, the Romanovs, in Germany: the Holstein-Gottorpskys, Mountbattens and Rothschilds will calmly rule the captured centralized mega-state Czartoryski-Konde Army: Rome, Rus', Byzantium - Novgorod Republic, Federal State for the entire planet 1352- 1921

It's called democracy. The power of the Rothschild Jews, who in 1854 earned themselves the Prussian nobility together with the Holstein Jew (Romanov), in the Novgorod Republic of Rus' captured by the Red (Jewish) army - Rome - Byzantium on the banks of the Neva.

The date there is incorrect. It takes 1352 years less: in the summer of 567 from the Creation of the World (Rome, Rus', Byzantium, Novgorod Republic) St. Michael the Archangel on Palace Square in St. Petersburg-Petrograd-Leningrad.

Bookmarked:

The royal line of succession has changed twice this year. First on April 23, when Prince Louis of Cambridge was born. He moved the entire line of succession back to his uncle Harry. On June 18, Lena Elizabeth Tindall was born, who also changed the line of succession, but not so significantly...

Queen Elizabeth II is the Head of the Royal Household of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

In addition to the United Kingdom, she is Queen of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Antigua and Barbuda, Belize and Saint -Keats and Nevis, where it is represented by the Governors-General. The sixteen countries of which she is Queen are known as the Commonwealth Countries and have a combined population of 150 million.

In addition to being the monarch of vast territories, Queen Elizabeth II is also a mother, grandmother and great-grandmother. Find out more about the Royal Family and the line of succession to the British throne.

Royal Family: Line of Succession

Prince of Wales, born 1948

The Prince of Wales is the Queen's eldest son and first in line to the throne. On 29 July 1981 he married Lady Diana Spencer, who became Princess of Wales. The couple had two sons, William and Harry. They later separated and their marriage was annulled in 1996. On August 31, 1997, the princess died in a car accident in Paris. Prince Charles married Camilla Parker Bowles on April 9, 2005. As heir to the throne, his main duties are to support the Queen in her royal responsibilities.

Duke of Cambridge, born 1982

Prince William is the eldest son of the Prince of Wales and Diana, Princess of Wales, and is second in line to the royal throne. William was 15 years old when his mother died. He continued his studies at the University of St. Andrews, where he met his future wife Kate Middleton. The couple got married in 2011. On his 21st birthday, he was formally appointed as Queen's Advisor. Alongside his royal duties, he also worked part-time as a co-pilot for the East Anglian Air Ambulance for two years. He left the role in July 2017 to take on more royal responsibilities on behalf of the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh - his grandfather.

Prince George of Cambridge, born 2013

Prince George of Cambridge, son of William and Catherine, was born on July 22, 2013 at St. Mary's Hospital in London. Prince George is third in line to the royal throne, behind his father and grandfather. Most likely, Prince George is the last in this line who will actually become king, and his children will succeed him.

Princess Charlotte of Cambridge, born 2015

The Duchess of Cambridge gave birth to her second child, a girl, on 2 May 2015, again at St Mary's Hospital. The Duke and Duchess named her Charlotte Elizabeth Diana. She is fourth in line to the throne after her grandfather, father and brother. Charlotte's title is Her Royal Highness Princess Charlotte of Cambridge.

Prince Louis of Cambridge, 2018

The newborn prince moved the rest of the line to the British throne, taking fifth place in it.

Prince Harry, born 1984

Prince Harry is the youngest son of Prince Charles and Princess Diana, and is currently sixth in line to the royal throne.

Harry attended the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst and became an army lieutenant, serving as a helicopter pilot. Since his 21st birthday, he has held the position of Assistant to the Queen. During his 10 years in the Armed Forces, Captain Wales, as he became known, served twice in Afghanistan in 2012-2013 as a co-pilot and gunner on an Apache helicopter. He retired from the military in 2015 and now focuses on charitable work. On May 19, 2018, Prince Harry married American-born actress Meghan Markle.

Prince Andrew is the third son of the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh. He received the title Duke of York before his wedding to Sarah Ferguson, who became the Duchess of York in 1986. They had two daughters: Beatrice, in 1988, and Eugenia, in 1990. The Duke and Duchess separated in March 1992 and divorced in 1996. The Duke served in the Royal Navy for 22 years and fought in the Falklands War in 1982. In addition to his royal duties, he served as the government's special trade representative until 2011.

Princess Beatrice, born 1988

Princess Beatrice is the eldest daughter of Prince Andrew and Sarah, Duchess of York. Her title is Her Royal Highness Princess Beatrice of York. She does not have an official surname, but uses the title York. If she marries, she will retain her royal title but will have the option of taking her husband's surname.

Princess Eugenie, born 1990

Princess Eugenie is the youngest daughter of Prince Andrew and Sarah, Duchess of York. Her title is Her Royal Highness Princess Eugenie of York. Like her sister Princess Beatrice, she has no official surname. Princess Eugenie marries Jack Brooksbank on October 12, 2018. She will retain her royal title, but will have the option to take her husband's surname.

Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, born 1964

Edward is the youngest son of Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip. Prince Edward was created Earl of Wessex and Viscount Severn on his marriage to Sophie Rhys-Jones in 1999. The couple have two children, Lady Louise, born in 2003, and James, Viscount Severn, born in 2007. After serving in the Royal Marines, the prince created his own television company. He now supports the Queen in her official duties and fulfills public charitable obligations.

James, Viscount Severn, born 2007

Viscount Severn is the youngest child of the Earl and Countess of Wessex. The couple decided to give their children the titles of earl's sons and daughters rather than those of a prince or princess. It is believed that this decision was made to avoid the burden of some royal titles.

Lady Louise, 2003

Lady Louise Windsor is the eldest child of the Earl and Countess of Wessex. She, like her brother, does not bear the title of princess.

Anna, Princess Royal, 1950

Princess Royale is the Queen's second child and only daughter. In June 1987, she was given the title "Princess Royal". Princess Anne married twice; her first husband, Captain Mark Phillips, is the father of her two children, Peter and Zara, and her second husband, Vice Admiral Timothy Lawrence. The Princess was the first royal to use the surname Mountbatten-Windsor on an official document in the marriage registry, following her wedding to Captain Phillips. She rode equestrian events for Great Britain at the 1976 Montreal Olympics and is involved in a number of charities, including Save the Children, of which she has been president since 1970.

Peter Phillips, born 1977

Peter Phillips is the eldest of the Queen's grandchildren. He married Canadian Autumn in 2008 and they have two daughters: Savannah, born in 2010, and Isla, born in 2012. The Princess Royal's children do not have royal titles as they are descended from the female line. Mark Phillips refused the land offer when he married, so his children have no titles.

Savannah, born 2010

Savannah, born in 2010, is the eldest daughter of Peter and Autumn Phillips and the Queen's first great-grandchild.

Isla, 2012

Performance for children 6+. Sherlock Holmes. Theater behind the Black River in London Mr. Sherlock Holmes is the best detective in the world. He can unravel any complex case and find the criminal without even leaving his famous room on Baker Street. Do you know what a detective's room looks like? It is filled with many intricate devices, magnifying glasses, microscopes and bottles of chemical reagents. And all this helps him in investigating the incredible incidents taking place in London and its environs... But now he is already on stage, which means that he has taken on another case and the incredible adventures of the noble Sherlock Holmes and his brave Doctor Watson await us.

Comedy "Angels on the Roof" The production "Angels on the Roof" is an eccentric comedy that will give viewers a story about how you should never lose hope in life. The main character couldn’t find a better remedy for her problems than going to the roof of a high-rise building. But the unexpected meeting does not allow her to make a mistake - on the contrary, it gave her a second chance. And she will overcome life’s difficulties not alone, but together with other heroes.

The English irregular verb trainer will help you remember their spelling and meaning. Fill in the empty cells. If you spelled it correctly, the word will change color from red to green. Refresh the page or click the "Start Again" button and you will see the new order of empty cells. Train again!

Modal verbs in English are a class of auxiliary verbs. Modal verbs are used to express ability, necessity, certainty, possibility or likelihood. We use modal verbs if we talk about abilities or possibilities, ask or give permission, ask, offer, etc. Modal verbs are not used independently, but only with the infinitive of the main verb as a compound predicate.

Queen Elizabeth II and the Royal Family

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland has remained for centuries parliamentary monarchy. Since February 6, 1952, the throne of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland has been Queen Elizabeth II.

The system of constitutional monarchy is believed to smooth out the contradictions of multi-party politics and provide stability and continuity during periods of political and social change.

The current monarch performs two important functions - is head of state and head of nation .

As Head of State, Queen of Great Britain performs the following duties: participates in the annual opening ceremony of Parliament, meets weekly with prime ministers, receives foreign ambassadors and delegations, makes official visits to foreign countries to maintain the diplomatic and economic relations of his country with others. Many of the monarch's official powers, or "royal prerogatives", are exercised by the monarch in name only, after consultation with the Prime Minister and Cabinet, who are responsible to Parliament's House of Commons. Most prerogatives are exercised in practice by UK Cabinet Ministers. The monarch formally appoints the prime minister (the “kissing hands” ceremony); in practice, he is the head of the party that wins the parliamentary elections. In the event that no party has a majority, the monarch has the right to appoint a prime minister. The current Queen of Great Britain, Elizabeth II, took advantage of this opportunity only once - in 1974, when she appointed Labor member Harold Wilson as Prime Minister. On the advice of the Prime Minister, the monarch has the right to dismiss ministers or the entire Cabinet (a prerogative that British monarchs never exercise). All parliamentary laws are passed in the name of the monarch and come into force after his formal approval.

Formally, the monarch has the right to convene, dissolve and prolong Parliament. But in practice, according to the Parliament Act 1911, Parliament is elected for a period of 5 years and is automatically dissolved after this period.

The oath of allegiance is taken to the monarch, British passports are issued on behalf of the monarch, and the national anthem is called “God Save the Queen.” The image of the monarch appears on banknotes, coins and postage stamps. The incumbent monarch is the head of the Royal Armed Forces and has the formal prerogative to declare war and make peace, enter into international treaties and ratify agreements.

Despite their advanced age, the royal couple continues to perform official duties. In April 2014, Queen Elizabeth II and her husband the Duke of Edinburgh visited the Vatican and met with Pope Francis.

The monarch is considered Source of justice– has the right to appoint judges.

The monarch is Source of honor(conducts investiture ceremonies) - appoints peers, awards orders, knighthoods and other honors (usually on the advice of the prime minister).

Monarch – head of the Church of England. He has the right to appoint archbishops and bishops (on the proposal of the Prime Minister).

Since 1760, funding for the maintenance of the royal family has been carried out according to the Civil List. This means that income from the royal inheritance - the Crown Estate - goes to the UK budget, and is then allocated to the needs of the royal family.

The monarch only formally owns his estate, since it cannot be sold, but can only be transferred to the heir to the throne. Formally, the current monarch owns the county of Lancastershire, the income from which goes to replenish the “personal wallet” of the monarch and is spent on those needs that, by tradition, are not recorded in the Civil List. The County of Cornwall formally belongs to the heir to the throne of the United Kingdom.

As Head of the Nation, Queen Elizabeth II performs an equally important cultural and social function in Great Britain. It provides national identity, symbolizing the unity and pride of the nation, giving the British people a sense of stability and confidence in the future.

The Queen regularly visits different parts of the United Kingdom, her presence is mandatory at ceremonies on the occasion of Remembrance Day for those killed in wars, and at significant sporting events. Everyone remembers the appearance of the Queen in the video with James Bond at the opening of the Olympic Games in London in 2012. In 1976, Queen Elizabeth II opened the Montreal Summer Olympics in Canada as Canada's head of state. The Royal Office sends out thousands of messages of congratulations to citizens celebrating their centenary and sixtieth wedding anniversaries. Every year, Queen Elizabeth II addresses her subjects with a Christmas speech.

Members of the British Royal Family form the line of succession to the throne. First in line is the Queen's eldest son, Charles. The second and third are Charles's eldest son Prince William and his son George. The order of inheritance was determined by the Act of Union of 1800, which established the rule of inheritance according to primogeniture with male priority. The Act of Succession to the Throne of 1701 established the rule that only a monarch professing the Anglican faith could inherit the British throne. According to this law, not only Catholics, but also Anglicans married to Catholics cannot ascend to the British throne.

At the Commonwealth Summit in Australia in October 2011, changes were made to the succession to the throne to avoid discrimination based on gender and religion. In December 2012, this law was approved by the parliaments of the countries that are members of the commonwealth. Now the order of succession is determined by simple seniority and the ban on marriages with Catholics for future monarchs is lifted. Currently in line for succession to the throne are 55 members of the royal family– descendants of Elizabeth II, her sister Princess Margaret and grandfather George V.

Also members royal family distributed by seniority or priority. Thus, the queen's husband, the Duke of Edinburgh, is not among the heirs to the throne, but is the second eldest in the family after the queen. This order of precedence is followed at formal events. For example, during the laying of wreaths on Remembrance Day, the Queen lays the first wreath, the Duke of Edinburgh the second, Prince Charles the third, etc.

Title of Queen Elizabeth II differs for each country that is part of the Commonwealth.

For the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland it sounds like this:

"Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith."

"Elizabeth the Second, by the grace of God Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and its other countries and territories, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith."

Elizabeth II was born on April 21, 1926 in London at 17 Brewton Street. This house no longer exists, but a memorial plaque has been installed on the new house at this address. At her baptism, the daughter of Prince Albert, the Duke of York and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon received the name Elizabeth (in honor of her mother) Alexandra (in honor of her great-grandmother) Mary (in honor of her grandmother). Elizabeth II belongs to the Windsor dynasty. Elizabeth's father, Prince Albert, was second in line to the throne. After his elder brother Edward VIII abdicated the throne, he became King George VI, and Elizabeth became the “heir presumptive” (“heir presumptive”). This means that if the king later had a son, he would inherit the throne.

In 1947, Elizabeth married Philip Mountbatten (born June 10, 1921), an officer of the British navy who belonged to the Greek and Danish royal families, the great-great-grandson of the British Queen Victoria and the Russian Emperor Nicholas I. To marry Elizabeth, Philip became a naturalized British citizen, changed Greek Orthodoxy to Anglicanism, renounced the titles “Prince of Denmark” and “Prince of Greece”. In return, George VI granted him the titles of Duke of Edinburgh, Earl of Merioneth and Baron of Greenwich.

When George VI died on February 6, 1952, Elizabeth and her husband were traveling in Kenya. Princess Elizabeth has already returned to Great Britain as Queen Elizabeth II. Coronation ceremony of Elizabeth II, which took place on June 2, 1953, was first broadcast on television from Westminster Abbey. The first person to take an oath of allegiance to the new queen was her husband, the Duke of Edinburgh.

The Queen has four children: Prince Charles, Princess Anne, Prince Andrew, Prince Edward.

Charles, Prince of Wales– born November 14, 1948. Full name Charles (Carl) Philip Arthur George (George) Mountbatten - Windsor. Heir to the throne of Great Britain, field marshal, admiral of the fleet and marshal of the Royal Air Force. Upon accession to the throne, he can choose a royal name - Charles (Charles) III as his first name, or George (George) VII as his fourth.

At birth, Charles received the title “His Royal Highness Prince Charles of Edinburgh” - “His Royal Highness Prince Charles of Edinburgh.” Upon ascending the throne of Elizabeth II in 1952, Prince Charles automatically received the title "Duke of Cornwall" and became known as "His Royal Highness the Duke of Cornwall." In 1969, Elizabeth II held an investiture ceremony, placing the Prince of Wales crown on her son's head. And Charles's official title changed to "His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales."

On July 29, 1981, the wedding of the heir to the throne took place with Diana Spencer. Charles and Diana had two sons: Prince William (born June 21, 1982) and Prince Henry (Harry) (born September 15, 1984). On April 9, 2005, Prince Charles married for the second time, to Camilla Parker Bowles. For the first time in the history of the royal family, the ceremony was performed in a civil manner. Due to the fact that the late wife of Prince Charles, Lady Diana, is still very popular among the British, Camila was given the title not Princess of Wales, but Duchess of Cornwall.

By tradition, Charles is involved in charity work and heads more than 350 charitable societies. His interests include nature conservation and agriculture.

Princess Anne(Anna Elizaveta Alisa Louise) was born on August 15, 1950. Currently in 11th place in the line of succession to the throne. Since 1987 she has held the title of Princess Royal. From her first marriage to Mark Phillips, she had two children: Peter Phillips (1977) and Zara Phillips (1981). Princess Anne, Mark Phillips and Zara Phillips have all represented Great Britain at the Olympic Games in equestrian sport. After her divorce from Mark Phillips, Princess Anne married Vice Admiral Timothy Lawrence.

Prince Andrew(Andrew Albert Christian Edward), Duke of York was born on 19 February 1960. Prince Andrew received the title of Duke of York in 1986 - on his wedding day with Sarah Ferguson. The marriage produced two daughters: Princess Beatrice of York (born 1988) and Eugenie of York (born 1990). The Duke of York is 5th in the line of succession to the British throne.

Prince Edward(Edward Anthony Richards Louis), Earl of Wessex was born on March 10, 1964. In the line of succession to the throne he is in 8th place after his older brothers and their descendants. He received the title of Earl on the day of his wedding to Sophie Rhys-Jones. It was announced that after his father's death he would receive the title of Duke of Edinburgh, and his children would not receive the titles of princes and princesses, but would be treated as children of an earl. The Earl of Wessex has two children: Louisa (born 2003) - “Lady Louise Windsor” and James (born 2007) - “James, Viscount Severn”.

Second in line to the British throne is Prince William Arthur Philip Louis (born 1982) is the son of the Prince of Wales and Diana Spencer. On the day of William's wedding to Kate Middleton, he was granted the title of Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Strathearn and Baron Carrickfergue. Kate Middleton accordingly became the Duchess of Cambridge. On July 22, 2013, the couple had a son, George (Georg) Alexander Louis. Who became third in line of succession to the throne.

Prince Henry of Wales(Henry Charles Albert David Mountbatten-Windsor) - the youngest son of Prince Charles and Diana Spencer was born on September 15, 1984. He is currently 4th in line to the British throne.

When Queen Elizabeth II working, she divides her time between London and Windsor.

Royal palaces are not owned by the queen or royal family. Officially, they are held in “trust for future generations.”

The main royal residence of the British monarch is Buckingham Palace in Westminster. Most state banquets, investitures, receptions of heads of state and foreign ambassadors and other official events are held there. In Buckingham Palace, which most people in the world associate with British royal family, 775 rooms. Including: 19 state rooms, 52 royal and guest bedrooms, 188 staff bedrooms, 92 offices and 78 bathrooms. The total area of ​​the palace is 77 thousand square meters. When the queen is in the palace, the royal standard develops above it; if she is not in the palace, the state standard.

The second most important royal residence is the largest residential castle in the world - Windsor Castle, used by the royal family for weekends.

The main residence in Scotland is Holyroodhouse Castle in Edinburgh. The Queen always spends one week a year there - the so-called “Holyrood week”.

The royal family also owns Clarencehouse (Prince Charles's home) and Kensington Palace.

Her Majesty spends her holidays (August and September) at Balmoral Castle in Aberdeenshire or Sandringhamhouse in Norfolk. They are private residences of the royal family and are not financed from the budget.

A series of scandals related to the divorces of Princess Anne, Prince Charles and Prince Andrew, as well as the death of Princess Diana, significantly undermined the authority of the royal family in Great Britain. However, according to polls, more than 60% of Britons are in favor of maintaining the institution of monarchy in the country.

Interesting facts about Queen Elizabeth II:

• At the Queen's Elizabeth II no passport. Since a British passport is issued on behalf of Her Majesty, the Queen cannot issue a passport to herself. All other members of the royal family, including the Duke of Edinburgh and the Prince of Wales, hold British passports.
• Queen Elizabeth II is the only person in the country who is allowed to drive a car without a registration number and a driver's license. By the way, the Queen received her driver’s license back in 1945.
• – this is not a fixed date. Whether it will be the 1st, 2nd or 3rd Saturday of June is decided by the government of the country. On this day, since 1748, a royal military parade has been traditionally held - Trooping the Color.
• In Australia queen's birthday celebrated as a public holiday on the second Monday of June. In Western Australia, the monarch's birthday is celebrated at a different time - late September or early October. In New Zealand, the Queen's Birthday is also a public holiday and is celebrated on the first Monday in June. In Canada, the Queen's Birthday is celebrated as a public holiday on the Monday preceding May 24th.
• The Queen's actual birthday is April 21st. There are no special events on this day and the queen spends it with her family.
• Royal salutes are strictly regulated and
• February 6 (day of accession to the throne of Elizabeth II)
• April 21 (birthday of Elizabeth II)
• June 2 (coronation day of Elizabeth II)
• 10 June (birthday of the Duke of Edinburgh)
• Official Queen's Birthday
• Opening of Parliament by the Queen (usually November or December).
• The number of shots of the royal salute is also regulated. The main royal salute is 21 shots. In Hyde Park, another 20 shots are added to the main fireworks display. In the Tower - this is added to the main number 21 by 20 and another 21 shots.
• Queen Elizabeth II is the head of state of 16 states and is the head of the Commonwealth, consisting of 53 countries. In 1952, at a conference of prime ministers of countries belonging to the Commonwealth, Elizabeth II was proclaimed the head of the association of countries not by right of inheritance, but by right of consent of the member states.
• U Queen Elizabeth II there are other official and unofficial titles. For example, in the Maori language it is called “kotuku” - “white heron”. In Papua New Guinea, the queen is called "Mrs Kwin" in pidgin. On the Isle of Man the Queen is called the Sovereign of Man, on the Channel Islands she is the Duchess of Normandy; in the Duchy of Lancaster - she is the Duchess of Lancaster.
• During his reign Queen Elizabeth II hosted 12 prime ministers during traditional Tuesday meetings: Winston Churchill, Anthony Eden, Harold Macmillan, Alexander Douglas-Home, Harold Wilson, Edward Heath, James Callaghan, Margaret Thatcher, John Major, Tony Blair, Gordon Brown, David Cameron.
• Tony Blair became the first prime minister to be born during the reign of Elizabeth II (in May 1953).
• During the reign queens Elizabeth II There were 6 archbishops of Canterbury.
• U Queen Elizabeth II 9 thrones. One in the House of Lords, 2 in Westminster Abbey and 6 in Buckingham Palace.
• Queen should not publicly express her political views and communicates extremely correctly with all the prime ministers of the country, being above political battles. The same goes for members of the royal family, who are not allowed to speak out on political events, so the political views of the queen and her family remain unknown.
• Queen Elizabeth II patronizes more than 620 charitable organizations.
• Queen Elizabeth II is the 40th monarch in Great Britain since William the Conqueror.
• During his reign Queen Elizabeth II has made official visits to more than 130 countries and made more than 250 trips. In October 1994, the Queen paid an official visit to Russia.
• The Queen made most of her trips on the yacht Britannia, which was built in 1954 and decommissioned in 1997. The total distance that Britain has traveled over the years is more than a million nautical miles.
• At the Queen's Elizabeth II there were more than 30 dogs of the favorite breed corgi. She received her first dog of this breed, Susan, as a gift for her eighteenth birthday. All other dogs are descendants of Susan. The Queen is even the creator of a new breed of dogs - Dorgi, which came from mixing her corgis with Princess Margaret's dachshund.
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• Queen Elizabeth II sent her first email in 1976, and the first official royal website was created in 1997.
• Legally, whales, dolphins and sturgeon in UK seas belong to the Crown. Because the country still has in force a 1324 statute, passed during the reign of Edward II, stating that the monarch owns dolphins, whales and sturgeon, living and dead, within the country's territorial waters.