How to plan warehouse areas. Calculation of basic warehouse parameters

The warehouse area is conventionally divided into 4 parts:

• 1. usable area;
• 2. receiving area;
• 3. service area;
• 4. auxiliary area.

Let's make calculations using the example of one warehouse.

Let's calculate the usable area of ​​the warehouse. In order to calculate the usable area of ​​a warehouse, various methods are used:

1. According to the dimensions of products stored individually or in containers:

, Where

Usable warehouse area;

n - number of storage units;

Looseness of laying (taken as 1.2)

- number of rows according to the stacking height.

We determine the warehouse area based on the dimensions of the product.

The number of storage units in the warehouse is 10,000 units; product length is 1.5 m; product width - 0.75 m; laying flatness coefficient -1.2; the number of rows according to the laying height is 7.

Let's make the calculations:

2. By loading method:

Usable warehouse area;

Maximum stock norm (t);

3. For volumetric meters:

l is the length of the product or container (m);

a is the width of the product or container (m);

Required number of racks.

Let's calculate the warehouse receiving area

Warehouse receiving area;

Volume of supply of material resources;

Coefficient of unevenness of receipt of material resources (MR) to the warehouse (from 1.2 to 1.5);

t is the number of days that material resources are in the warehouse;

d - load per 1 mI (taken as 25% of the average load per 1 mI)

Let's make the calculations:

The volume of supply of material resources is 20,000 tons, the unevenness coefficient is 1.4; number of days the MP is in the warehouse - 2d.; load per 1 m² - 2 (0.5).

Let's calculate the service area of ​​the warehouse

The service area of ​​the warehouse is calculated depending on the number of workers. With a staff of up to 3 people, the area per worker is 5 m²; from 3 to 5 people - the area for each worker is 4 m²; with a staff of more than 5 people - the area is 3.25 m².

Let's make the calculations:

The staff of the warehouse complex is 150 people.

150 3.25 = 487.5 m²

Let's calculate the auxiliary warehouse area

• W = 2B + 3C, where
• W - auxiliary warehouse area (m²);

B - width of vehicles;

C is the width of the gaps.

Let's make the calculations:

The width of vehicles in the warehouse is 1.4 m; The width of the gaps is 80 cm.

W = 2*1.4 + 3*0.8 = 4.8 m²

Determining the parameters of loading and unloading locations is carried out using the following method. The minimum width of the ramp (ramp) used for loading and unloading vehicles must be no less than the turning radius of the forklift operating on it plus approximately 1 m. Most modern warehouses have unloading ramps up to 6 m wide. Let's calculate the total warehouse area

Total warehouse area;

Usable warehouse area;

Warehouse receiving area;

Service area of ​​the warehouse;

W - auxiliary warehouse area.

Let's make the calculations:

1929 + 311.1 + 487.5 +4.8 = 2732.4 m²

Let's calculate the efficiency of warehouse premises

Usable warehouse area;

Total warehouse area.

Let's make the calculations:

With regard to assessing the rationality of organizing a warehouse, we can talk about certain successes of this organization. When considering the theoretical aspects of the organization of warehousing, the dependence of the latter on several factors was highlighted, the determining ones of which were the physical and chemical properties of the product. In my opinion, the enterprise in question has found the optimal method of organizing warehouse management for a product line with such properties and a small product range.

All possible ways to rationalize the organization of warehouse facilities will be used. With regard to accounting without the use of modern software and PC capabilities, the following can be said. In my opinion, in this case, the warehouse space and product range are not so large as to require spending excessive funds on the purchase, development and implementation of various software. Warehouse management, given the existing volumes of cargo turnover and product range, is carried out very confidently using the existing method. However, it is quite possible that sooner or later, when expanding production, the company will have to improve the warehouse organization system by introducing the use of various software systems.

However, all of the above does not justify the absence of a graphical diagram of the warehouse, modeled in a special program. This is necessary to maintain order and rationality of movement around the warehouse.

One of the characteristics of the rational organization of work in a warehouse is the presence of a nomenclature-price list of materials, a list of officials who are given the right to authorize the release of materials and samples of their signatures, a schedule for the release of materials, job descriptions and forms of accounting documentation.

During the process of unloading and receiving materials, excessive accumulation of materials at reception sites is avoided and quantitative and qualitative losses are not allowed. The areas for unloading and receiving products are equipped with instruments for determining the actual quantity and quality control of materials, and tools for opening containers and packaging. Before unloading begins, equipment and devices used during unloading are supplied to the unloading places: connecting walkways for the passage of the loader from the warehouse to the car, internal warehouse containers, load-handling devices. Timely equipping of unloading sites will reduce the time required to complete this operation.

In addition, products in the warehouse are grouped taking into account volume-weight characteristics and physical and chemical properties. This work is carried out with the aim of forming groups of products approximately identical in the specified parameters. For the storage of each group of products, a separate area in the storage area is allocated, equipped with appropriate equipment for warehousing and storage. This is another sign of the rationality of organizing storage facilities at this enterprise.

In addition, it is important to make one more small note regarding the placement of products in the warehouse. It is possible to use the Pareto method, which allows you to minimize the number of movements by dividing the entire assortment into groups that turn around quickly and require a large number of movements, and groups that are accessed quite rarely.

In this case, it is important for the correct location to take into account the dynamics of demand for a particular product, or at least to analyze the change in growth rates of various types of product range in order to identify the most popular groups and the least sold ones. At the enterprise we are considering, this principle is not taken into account, although it could make warehousing even less costly and more rationally organized.

For the future, we can recommend a development orientation towards mechanization and automation of warehouse work, as a basic direction for improving the organization of work related to the storage of material assets and their transfer to production. An example for the future in this case could be a system for organizing warehousing based on the principle of vertically closed (cradle) warehouses with program control, which occupy small production areas, but have a fairly large capacity due to the vertical arrangement and a high level of automation. The organization will need a lot of money and time to adapt to a new warehouse management system, but this will pay for itself in the future, reducing the costs of maintaining a warehouse several times.

In the course work presented, the main aspects of organizing the work of warehouse facilities at the enterprise were considered. The following conclusions were drawn:

• 1. The main tasks of the warehouse operation are to organize the rapid unloading of material resources received at the warehouse;
• 2. Improving the reception of incoming material resources;
• 3. Organization of reliable accounting, material accounting, material resources, control over the state of inventories;
• 4. Timely provision of production with raw materials, materials, equipment, spare parts, components;
• 5. Ensuring the safety of material assets in warehouses, etc.;
• 6. The main functions are: proper storage and accounting of objects of labor and finished products;
• 7. Systematic uninterrupted and complete supply of workshops and areas with material resources;
• 8. Preparation of materials for their immediate consumption;
• 9. The main directions for improving the work of warehousing are: wider introduction of mechanization and automation of warehousing processes;
• 10. Advanced training of warehouse workers;
• 11. Merger of transport and storage facilities;
• 12. Improvement of warehouse accounting, etc.

This lesson will tell you how how to count warehouse space. When designing a construction plan, a clear organization of on-site storage facilities plays a decisive role. I accept an open warehouse for storing sand, gravel, precast concrete, and lumber. I accept a closed warehouse for storing binders, finishing materials, glass, and plumbing equipment.

It stores structures, semi-finished products, products and equipment.
Open area planned, compacted and sloped to drain atmospheric water. Thus, a construction plan is a combination of warehouses, change houses, utility networks, mechanisms and the object being built.
The amount of materials to be stored in the warehouse must ensure uninterrupted supply of the building construction with all necessary materials, structures and products, in the required quantity. The figure below shows the location of various types of warehouses on a construction site. Please note that only the open warehouse is within the crane's range, the other two are located outside its border.

We calculate warehouses in the following sequence:
2. Determine the stock of material. Qwarehouse = Qsk*t*K1*K2/Tc, where
Qsk. – amount of material used;
n- standard supply in days, depending on the condition of the roads, type of vehicles;
K1-coefficient of uneven consumption of materials K1=1.2, taking into account high labor productivity
K2-coefficient of unevenness of receipt of materials to the warehouse K2=1.1, depending on the remoteness of the factories supplying building materials, as well as the type of transport

We define warehouse area on the construction site for each material.

Fsk=Qsk/q*Ksk, where
Ksk- coefficient of utilization of warehouse space, taking into account aisles and driveways.
Qsk – quantity of material to be stored in the warehouse
q - standard amount of material placed on 1 m2 of storage area.
We summarize the initial data and calculations for each material in a table.

Thus we found area of ​​all types of warehouses, adopted their dimensions, which will be sufficient for the temporary storage of materials, taking into account their production and the arrival of new ones.

This article, edited by "Calculating the indicators of an average warehouse", was published in
magazine "Warehouse Technologies" No. 1 2007

"Warehouse, pay" in the magazine "Flight"№4 2009 Holding "Za Rulem"

In addition, accurate warehouse calculations from consulting companies cost tens of thousands of dollars. And there are almost no such companies in the regions.
Seminars are constantly held on this topic, but of course not for free.
But very often people who ask this question do not need an exact calculation at all, especially since we all understand that accuracy in this case is also a very conditional concept.

There are too many constantly changing parameters contained in warehouse processes.
People who ask this question often just want to make “estimates”, since the business is developing and the existing warehouse becomes a brake on the development process.

Is it possible to quickly make an approximate calculation of a warehouse without wasting money and time?

I understand that I will raise objections from my colleagues in logistics consulting, who will give a lot of arguments against it.

But I still think that it is not only possible to make a preliminary calculation of a new warehouse, but it is also necessary before ordering a more detailed study from consultants in the form of a logistics Project.

This will allow you to better determine the technical specifications and make preliminary management and financial decisions.
I suggest doing a warehouse calculation based on generally available information from your database, usually 1C.

So, the technology for approximate warehouse calculation:

1. Determine the cargo turnover of the warehouse.

TO - turnover - the volume of sales of goods in monetary terms (rubles) for a certain period of time, calculated in purchase prices or cost prices.
GO =TO/C – cargo turnover, where C is the cost of 1m3 or 1t of goods,

It often happens that information systems (CIS) do not have reliable data on the dimensional and weight characteristics of a product, and turnover in monetary terms is usually quite accurate.
Difficulties may arise with determining “C” - the cost of 1m3. It is better to define “C” in a practical way, i.e. take 3-4 typical deliveries and, taking the amount of goods according to the invoice, divide it by the actual volume of goods in m3. There are usually no problems with the actual volume of goods in a truck, since an accuracy of up to 0.5 m3 is quite sufficient for an approximate calculation of the goods volume.
GO analysis must be carried out over a period of at least a year in steps of one month to determine the average and maximum value.
The warehouse must be calculated taking into account the future development of the business. It is advisable to have GO data for the last 3-4 years in order to determine the development coefficient (Krazv). If the CIS has data for several years, then the average development coefficient is not difficult to determine. If there is no such data, then it is better to set the development coefficient per year Kazv = 1.3.
As a rule, warehouses are not changed every year, as this is a very costly and troublesome undertaking. Therefore, expect at least three years of operation of the new warehouse. This means that the warehouse must be calculated with a reserve for GO with Kazv = 2.0-2.2.

2. Determine the average inventory of the warehouse.

TK - inventory is a list of company assets (goods) suitable for sale.
TZsr – average inventory.
Almost any CIS has reports on warehouse balances as of the date in monetary terms.
Please note that the calculation must be done in purchase prices or cost prices.
Dividing the balances of goods received over the last year at the end of each month by “C” - the cost of 1m3, we obtain technical specifications in m3.
You can also use quarterly inventory data to calculate technical specifications.
It is also necessary to determine the maximum value of TZ and TZsr in order to obtain the warehouse loading unevenness factor Kn.z.=TZmax/TZsr
In practice, taking into account seasonality, Kn.z. = 1.2-1.4.

3. Determine the average inventory turnover of the warehouse.

Turnover is defined as annual cargo turnover divided by average inventory.
Obor=GO/TZsr
Turnover is an important indicator of warehouse performance. There are no standards for turnover yet, but for FMCG trading companies Turnover = 12-16 is considered good. That is, on average 22-30 days.
It would be very appropriate to conduct benchmark marketing on companies with a similar product range, since the field of inventory management has great potential for your competitive advantage.
If your turnover rate is worse than that of your competitors, then it is necessary to include a reduction factor when calculating the warehouse area, in the hope that you will improve this indicator in the future.

4. Determine the total area of ​​the warehouse storage area.

Of course, a lot depends on the type of product, type of storage, technical equipment of the warehouse and much more, but this is all taken into account when accurately calculating the Project.
We’ll just “estimate by eye.” By the way, the accuracy with this approach is quite decent for making a decision on choosing a warehouse.
As a basis for determining the storage area, we take TZav in m3 and coefficients obtained on the basis of statistics.


Stotal storage = TZsr x Kn.z. x Krav x Kkompl / (Ki.o. x Ki.p x Kyarus x Npal)

Where:
TZsr - average inventory
Prince - coefficient of warehouse loading unevenness




Kcomplete – coefficient for a warehouse with order picking in the storage area


For example, if a warehouse with a ceiling height of 9 m and four-tier pallet racks Stotal storage = TZav x 1.3 x 2 x 1.1 / (0.7 x 0.4 x 4 x 1.8) = TZav x 1, 4
Having double the stock may seem like a luxury, but it depends on your plans for growing your business. This is an investment!

5. Determine the number of gates and the total area of ​​the warehouse receiving area.

Very often we observe that even in new modern class “A” warehouses they create miniature areas for receiving and loading goods near the dock shelters. Oh, these “standard solutions”, which then create many problems in the work and affect its quality.
The receiving area is the place on which all further movement of goods in the warehouse depends. Of course, it is better not to combine it with other zones - this is not the place where you need to save.
The size of the receiving area directly depends on the cargo turnover of the warehouse and the labor productivity of the receiving department employees. It must be determined taking into account the development coefficient (Kazv).
You can roughly assume the size of the receiving area is 12-15% of the storage area, and the total number of dock shelters (gates) as one for every 500-600 m2 of warehouse for a distribution center with a high turnover of goods up to 50. If the turnover is moderate, about 12-15, then just one is enough gates for 800-1000m2 warehouse.
But it’s still better to calculate the size of the reception area and the number of gates more accurately. So, let’s take the previously determined monthly warehouse turnover in average and maximum values ​​per month. Then we will determine the average daily number of cars from suppliers.

Where:
Krav - development coefficient



If the goods come to you in packaged and labeled pallets on eurotrucks (100-120 m3), then you can simply allow 30-40 minutes for unloading. But this is not always the case; the trucks arrive with half of the goods on pallets, and the other half in ceiling boxes. More often there is a 100% boxed arrival with a large assortment. The unloading and receiving times differ significantly.
Other trucks take 5-7 hours to unload.

How can we make approximate “estimates” in this case?!

I suggest using this approach if you do not have your own standards:

Manual unloading by four loaders of one item of goods in the amount of 500 boxes (0.4x0.5x0.45m) (volume 0.09m3) requires 1 hour. When calculating the unloading of goods with other parameters, it is necessary to use a coefficient reflecting the number of articles in the Kmix delivery. (for each article 1% is added, i.e. for 10 articles – Kmix=1.1, for 100 articles – Kmix=2)
Thus, it will take about 5 hours to unload 120 m3 at 200 art.

You know better than any expert in what form the goods arrive at the warehouse, so you will not have problems determining the average time for unloading a machine (Tsr.1a/m).

You can use the usual timing for unloading typical shipments.

Thus, we determine the required time to unload the average daily number of vehicles.

Total gain = Ka/m x Tsr.1a/m x Kneravn / Km.o.p.

Where:
Ka/m - average daily number of vehicles from suppliers
Tsr.1a/m - average time for unloading one vehicle

Knequal =1.2 – coefficient of unevenness of arrivals

If the obtained result (Total gain) exceeds the operating time of the receiving department shift, then it is necessary to increase the number of gates or the operating time of the receiving department (To.p.).

Quor = Total winnings / Top. ,

Naturally, we round Quor up to a whole number

Where:
Total unloading - required time for unloading
Top - opening hours of the reception department

Now let's talk about the reception area.

According to process technology, the goods should be unloaded into the receiving area and accepted there. This means that all goods from the truck must fit into the receiving area.

Therefore, the acceptance zone cannot be less than:

Sz.p.min = Quor x Spal x Kpal / Kip.

Where:

Spal=1m2 – pallet area
Kpal – number of pallets per vehicle, equal to 75 for a Euro truck

But if the warehouse has a high turnover with continuous unloading of vehicles, then a receiving area twice as large as Sz.p.min is required. Since the unloaded but not accepted goods from one truck are in the acceptance zone, and the unloading of the second truck is already beginning. Sz.p.max = Sz.p.min x 2

6. Determine the number of gates and the total area of ​​the warehouse shipping area.

The shipping area is the place where collected orders are received and transferred from the warehouse to the client or forwarder. Of course, it is better not to combine it with other zones, as this encourages theft and reduces the quality of customer service. This is also not the place to save money.
The size of the loading area directly depends on the warehouse turnover, the type of vehicles, and the number of gates for shipment. It must be determined taking into account the development coefficient (Kazv).
You can roughly assume the size of the loading area is 8-12% of the storage area. But it’s still better to calculate the size of the shipping area and the number of gates more accurately.
So, let’s take the previously determined monthly cargo turnover of the state warehouse. Then we will determine the average daily number and type of cars from clients.

Ka/m=GOsr x Krazv / (Crab.day x Va/m)

Where:

Krav - development coefficient
Crab.days - number of working days in the warehouse
Va/m - useful volume of the vehicle
When determining the number of shipping gates, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of a particular business. As a rule, clients load during the daytime, and their own transport is loaded at night and early in the morning until 9.00. This means that it is difficult to avoid “peak loads”. Therefore, it is better to take the labor productivity of the shipping department during peak hours as the basis for calculating the number of gates.
Usually, the goods for loading are already prepared “to order” on pallets, so we can assume that a team of 3-4 people loads a “Gazelle” type vehicle “in a box” in 20-30 minutes, “ZIL” - 1 hour, “ Kamaz - 1.5-2 hours, Eurofur - 3-4 hours.
Loading pallets, for example, for a regional wholesale client is faster, and its time is determined experimentally. But, as a rule, the share of such shipments in quantitative rather than volumetric terms is not large.

Let us determine the required time to load the average daily number of vehicles.

Total otgr = Ka/m x Tsr.1a/m x Kneravn / Km.o.p.

Where:
Ka/m - average daily number of vehicles
Тср.1а/м - average loading time for one vehicle is taken based on the dominant mode of transport
Km.o.p. =0.75 – coefficient of interoperational breaks
Knequal =1.1-1.3 – unevenness coefficient, depends on the share of own transport.
If the result obtained (Total shipment) exceeds the operating time of the shipping department shift, then it is necessary to increase the number of gates or the operating time of the department (To.o.).

From here we determine the number of gates (dock shelters) used to unload the incoming goods.

Quor = Total despatch / To.o. ,

According to processor technology, the goods should be transferred to the client in the shipping area, which means that the entire goods on the vehicle must fit in the loading area. Therefore, the loading area cannot be less than:

Sz.o.min = Quor x Va/m / (Ki.p. x Npal)

Where:
Quor - number of gates (dock shelters) for unloading
Va/m - useful volume of the vehicle
K.p. - area utilization coefficient K.p.=0.35-0.45
Npal - pallet height (1.65-1.8m)
But if the warehouse has a high turnover with continuous loading of vehicles, then a loading area twice as large as Sz.o.min is required. Since the goods accepted by the client or forwarder, but not loaded into one vehicle, are in the acceptance zone, and the acceptance and transfer of the second vehicle has already begun.
Sz.o.max = Sz.o.min x 2

7. Determine the total area of ​​the control and order picking zone.

The control zone and the order picking zone must be separated in case of high turnover in warehouses such as DCs - distribution centers. In other cases, combining zones into one is allowed.
The control and order picking area is the place where orders are received and transferred from storage areas, completed and packaged into a single order. The order is subsequently transferred from this zone to the shipping zone. The size of the control and order picking zone depends on the warehouse turnover and the number of orders. It must be determined taking into account the development coefficient (Kazv).
You can roughly assume the size of the control and order picking area to be 10-12% of the storage area. But it’s still better to calculate the size of the control and order picking zone more accurately.
So, let’s take the previously determined monthly cargo turnover of the GOSR warehouse in m3 and the coefficients obtained on the basis of statistics. Of course, a lot depends on the type of product, type of storage, technical equipment of the warehouse and much more, but this is all taken into account when accurately calculating the Project.

Area of ​​control and order picking area:

Stotal z.k.= GOsr x Krazv / (Ki.o. x Ki.p x Kyarus x Crab.dn. x Npal)

Where:
GOsr - monthly cargo turnover
Krav - development coefficient
K.o. - volume utilization factor
K.p. - area utilization factor
Kyarus – number of storage tiers
Crab.days - number of working days in the warehouse
Npal - pallet height (1.65-1.8m)
In a warehouse with pallet storage of goods K.p.=0.35-0.45, K.o.=0.65-0.75, Kcompl=1.1

8. We determine the total area of ​​auxiliary premises and their equipment.

In the above chapters, we have determined the approximate area of ​​​​the main warehouse areas, but we must not forget about the auxiliary and administrative premises for warehouse employees and warehouse equipment.
In general terms, you can take the auxiliary area at the rate of 4 m2 for each warehouse employee, including administrative staff.
The total number of employees depends on the productivity of the warehouse.
PT=GOsr/Ksotr – labor productivity – an indicator of the efficiency of use of labor resources,
Where:
Ksotr – the number of employees involved in a given period of time,

For example, for a warehouse with an average level of mechanization and software, type 1C can be taken within the limits of PT = 25-28.

Attention should be paid to ensuring that employee locker rooms are separated from the warehouse and have a separate entrance.

You also need to take care of space for empty pallets and overnight parking.
The warehouse calculation I presented in this article is simple and understandable, although it may seem primitive.

But estimate this calculation for the average warehouse, which is 90% in Russia.
This technology is for companies that cannot shell out fifty thousand dollars for a more accurate calculation from a consulting company. And we have the majority of such companies in Russia.

The organization of warehouse operations in spacious hangars is often carried out by a storekeeper who rarely has a logistics education. As trade turnover increases, problems with cargo placement increase, which can be solved by planning the warehouse area and calculating its technological zones.

Stages of planning a warehouse project

Planning for leasing warehouse space has a number of stages:

1. Determining space requirements.
2. Development of a layout of loading and unloading places, determination of the need for them.
3. Calculation of warehouse technological zones.
4. Development of warehouse technology and shelving design.
5. Selection of technological equipment.
6. Determination of personnel needs.
7. Evaluate various project options based on the available budget.

Modern warehouses are often located in old Soviet hangar-type buildings. The buildings were designed with space to spare and were used primarily for the distribution of limited categories of goods.

Nowadays, many Soviet warehouses are rented by several companies, which forces their owners to reformat warehouse areas taking into account client needs. The reconstruction of such premises should begin with determining the need for loading and unloading points and calculating technological zones based on the planned turnover of goods.

Requirements for the layout of work areas in a warehouse

When designing warehouse areas, many parameters are taken into account: the amount of cargo flow, the height of the room, the spacing of columns, the type of stored products, and others.

There are general requirements that affect the construction of a new warehouse or the reconstruction of an existing one:

1. The layout of work areas should take into account the capabilities of existing machinery and warehouse equipment.
2. The area of ​​the immediate storage area should be 2 times the size of the remaining premises.
3. When storing food products, it is necessary to take into account the need for climate control equipment.
4. The roof structure should include a minimum of partitions and columns.
5. The height of the ceilings must correspond to the parameters of loading equipment and stored products.

Proper layout allows you to use human and technological resources at the lowest cost, saving the company money and ensuring high speed of work processes. Correct calculation of technological zones when there is a shortage of warehouse space can increase the profit of an enterprise by 60-70%.

Technological areas of the warehouse

Warehouses are divided into the following areas:

1. Goods unloading area. The site must have gates and ramps for unloading products. There must be space in front of the gate for vehicles to approach and turn around. The initial unpacking of the goods also takes place here.
2. Expedition reception area. In this area, product characteristics are checked, data is entered into accounting systems, and labels are applied to individual warehouse units. It is advisable to allocate space in the receiving expedition for storing goods unloaded during non-working hours and not received.
3. Product placement area. Racks and racks for goods are installed here and the necessary microclimate is created.
4. Driveways and walkways. They are part of the general storage area for goods and make up about 40% of the entire storage area. The width of technological passages must allow for turning of loading vehicles.
5. Acquisition and control zone (shipping expedition). At this site, the compliance of products prepared for shipment with shipping documents is checked. Here, goods are packaged for individual orders.
6. Packing area. Typically, a small area is allocated for the process of packaging goods. The specifics of the product may not imply the presence of this area.
7. Shipping area. Similar to the unloading area, it must be equipped with gates and ramps and have an external area for turning vehicles.
8. Office premises. Used for household needs, personnel work, storage of loading equipment, etc.

The specifics of the stored products may influence the distribution of space between the listed zones. Some areas may be missing or combined on one site. Trade and warehousing automation systems provide great assistance in saving space in technological areas. They reduce the need for product control and other operations with it.

The high-tech warehouse business in the post-Soviet space is developing recently, so when planning it, you can take into account the experience of already implemented projects. Typical layouts of technological zones have been developed, on the basis of which you can equip your own warehouses.

Planning the unloading/shipping area

The unloading and loading areas of goods have identical characteristics and can be located within the same area. If there are 10 gates on a single warehouse ramp, then some are allocated for unloading goods, and some for loading.

The main parameters of unloading/loading zones are:

• number of gates and access ramps;
• land area.

The throughput capacity of a warehouse is its main characteristic. It can be changed either by optimizing the internal workspace, or by adding points for receiving and issuing goods.

When planning a warehouse rental, the need for gates and access areas for vehicles is first determined.

Additionally, the area of ​​the goods unloading zone is calculated.

The required area of ​​the shipping area is calculated in the same way.

The organization of work of warehouse loading and unloading areas has a number of features:

1. The number of gates and entrances may vary, especially in the warehouses of companies operating in the field of small wholesale distribution.
2. When there are a large number of gates, transport markings are used, because at times of peak load several loaders can work on one route.
3. The design of the receiving area takes place with a technological reserve, so that there are no problems when the stored products or the amount of cargo flow change.
4. When cargo traffic is low, it is advisable to combine the unloading area and the receiving expedition.
5. It is advisable to locate the goods receiving and delivery area inside the warehouse so that weather factors do not affect the work process.

The cargo reception and delivery areas can be located on different sides of the warehouse, depending on the availability of space for vehicle access.

Loading and unloading areas are closely linked in functionality with forwarding services, which must monitor and record the receipt and shipment of inventory items in information databases.

Brain of the Warehouse - Transport Expedition

The warehouse transport expedition checks, labels and records supplied and shipped products. Two separate areas can be organized to process the incoming and outgoing flow of goods.

According to Law 54-FZ, business entities are required to record sales of products through fiscal data operators. To comply with the requirements of the law, an enterprise can buy an online cash register and integrate it into the POS system of the shipping forwarder. Automation of cargo turnover through the introduction of a barcoding system significantly speeds up the search for the desired product item and reduces the likelihood of mis-grading.

The basic formula for calculating the area of ​​a transport expedition is shown in the figure.

The area of ​​the forwarding zone is affected by the operating hours of the warehouse and the time of product deliveries. If unloading occurs on weekends, then the goods can be placed in this zone until the next working day. In such cases, its area must accommodate all products received during non-working hours. When designing an expedition area, peak loads during the holidays should also be taken into account.

Features of the storage and selection area

The organization of the storage area for goods depends on its dimensions and characteristics. Racks are selected for them, which must meet a number of requirements:

• ensure the most compact packaging of products;
• the dimensions and design of the racks must correspond to the capabilities of the loaders;
• provide convenient access to any batch of goods during its stacking and unloading;
• have space for identification tags.

The calculation of the goods storage area is made using the formula:

With the box method of selecting goods, the location for attaching identifying tags must be within manual access.

Racks are the most problematic warehouse equipment, because their structure is planned for a certain type of product. When changing the assortment and packaging of goods, replacing structures for storing products will require large financial costs. Therefore, it is necessary to plan the area of ​​the storage area and the parameters of the equipment placed on it at the stage of design and calculation of technological zones.

It is possible to increase the storage height by using multi-level racks, but in this case, special loading equipment will be required to move the goods. This method can increase the maximum volume of stored products by 2-3 times.

Area for transport and technological passages

The auxiliary area of ​​passages and aisles in the goods storage area depends on the lifting equipment used and the dimensions of the product packaging. The width of transport alleys should ensure free passage and safe maneuvering of maximally loaded forklifts.

There are no generally applicable formulas for calculating the area of ​​passages, but in most projects being implemented it is 80-90% of the area occupied directly by cargo. The size of the transport zone is also influenced by the grid of columns, which has to be taken into account when drawing the general layout of the warehouse.

Organization of control, picking and packaging areas

The size of the acquisition and control zone is measured not in relative terms, but in absolute terms. With pallet and box systems, cargo stacking should account for 20-25 sq.m per controller-picker. warehouse area. The need for pickers themselves is planned based on empirical measurements of the cargo flow that one worker can pass through his hands.

Order formation is greatly facilitated by the automation of trade and warehousing using POS systems combined into a single software package with online cash registers. This allows you to simultaneously record information about shipped products in accounting, warehouse and tax accounting.

The packaging area can be included in the picking area or located separately. Its area is calculated based on the number of packers, product dimensions and the volume of goods transported at one time by loading vehicles. There may be no packaging area in the warehouse.

It is effective to pack goods using a conveyor method, in which the formed cargo units are moved along a belt to the shipping area.

Rationing the area of ​​office premises

The mandatory presence of premises with sanitary functions in a warehouse is not required by law. The owner, at his discretion, allocates separate areas for economic needs.

Modern warehouses may have the following service areas:

• bathroom;
• storage area for loading equipment;
• battery;
• room for expedition staff, accounting, drivers, loaders;
• utility pantry.

If up to 5 people work in a warehouse, then each of them should have 4-5 sq.m. space, if there are more than 5 people, 3.25 sq.m. will be enough. area per employee.

Some of the office premises can be moved outside the warehouse, especially the staff room, since process noise negatively affects work efficiency.

The correct organization of warehouse technological zones fulfills the main task - it allows you to minimize rent per unit of turnover. The efficiency of warehouse operations also depends on investments in software, process transport and racking equipment. Only a comprehensive analysis of material resources and technological standards will help make the work of the warehouse as fruitful as possible.

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Privacy agreement

and processing of personal data

1. General Provisions

1.1. This agreement on confidentiality and processing of personal data (hereinafter referred to as the Agreement) was accepted freely and of its own free will, and applies to all information that Insales Rus LLC and/or its affiliates, including all persons included in the same group with LLC "Insails Rus" (including LLC "EKAM Service") can obtain information about the User while using any of the sites, services, services, computer programs, products or services of LLC "Insails Rus" (hereinafter referred to as the Services) and in during the execution of Insales Rus LLC any agreements and contracts with the User. The User's consent to the Agreement, expressed by him within the framework of relations with one of the listed persons, applies to all other listed persons.

1.2.Use of the Services means the User agrees with this Agreement and the terms and conditions specified therein; in case of disagreement with these terms, the User must refrain from using the Services.

"Insales"- Limited Liability Company "Insails Rus", OGRN 1117746506514, INN 7714843760, KPP 771401001, registered at the address: 125319, Moscow, Akademika Ilyushina St., 4, building 1, office 11 (hereinafter referred to as "Insails" ), on the one hand, and

"User" -

or an individual who has legal capacity and is recognized as a participant in civil legal relations in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;

or a legal entity registered in accordance with the laws of the state of which such person is a resident;

or an individual entrepreneur registered in accordance with the laws of the state of which such a person is a resident;

which has accepted the terms of this Agreement.

1.4. For the purposes of this Agreement, the Parties have determined that confidential information is information of any nature (production, technical, economic, organizational and others), including the results of intellectual activity, as well as information about the methods of carrying out professional activities (including, but not limited to: information about products, works and services; information about technical systems and equipment, including business forecasts and information about proposed purchases; information about specific partners and potential partners; related to intellectual property, as well as plans and technologies related to all of the above) communicated by one party to the other in written and/or electronic form, expressly designated by the Party as its confidential information.

1.5. The purpose of this Agreement is to protect confidential information that the Parties will exchange during negotiations, concluding contracts and fulfilling obligations, as well as any other interaction (including, but not limited to, consulting, requesting and providing information, and performing other instructions).

2. Responsibilities of the Parties

2.1. The Parties agree to keep confidential all confidential information received by one Party from the other Party during the interaction of the Parties, not to disclose, disclose, make public or otherwise provide such information to any third party without the prior written permission of the other Party, with the exception of cases specified in the current legislation, when the provision of such information is the responsibility of the Parties.

2.2.Each Party will take all necessary measures to protect confidential information using at least the same measures that the Party uses to protect its own confidential information. Access to confidential information is provided only to those employees of each Party who reasonably need it to perform their official duties under this Agreement.

2.3. The obligation to keep confidential information secret is valid within the validity period of this Agreement, the license agreement for computer programs dated December 1, 2016, the agreement to join the license agreement for computer programs, agency and other agreements and for five years after termination their actions, unless otherwise separately agreed by the Parties.

(a) if the information provided has become publicly available without a violation of the obligations of one of the Parties;

(b) if the information provided became known to a Party as a result of its own research, systematic observations or other activities carried out without the use of confidential information received from the other Party;

(c) if the information provided is lawfully received from a third party without an obligation to keep it secret until it is provided by one of the Parties;

(d) if the information is provided at the written request of a government agency, other government agency, or local government body in order to perform their functions and its disclosure to these bodies is mandatory for the Party. In this case, the Party must immediately notify the other Party of the received request;

(e) if the information is provided to a third party with the consent of the Party about which the information is transferred.

2.5.Insales does not verify the accuracy of the information provided by the User and does not have the ability to assess his legal capacity.

2.6. The information that the User provides to Insales when registering in the Services is not personal data, as defined in Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 152-FZ of July 27, 2006. “About personal data.”

2.7.Insales has the right to make changes to this Agreement. When changes are made to the current edition, the date of the last update is indicated. The new version of the Agreement comes into force from the moment it is posted, unless otherwise provided by the new version of the Agreement.

2.8. By accepting this Agreement, the User understands and agrees that Insales may send the User personalized messages and information (including, but not limited to) to improve the quality of the Services, to develop new products, to create and send personal offers to the User, to inform the User about changes in Tariff plans and updates, to send the User marketing materials on the subject of the Services, to protect the Services and Users and for other purposes.

The user has the right to refuse to receive the above information by notifying in writing to the email address Insales -.

2.9. By accepting this Agreement, the User understands and agrees that Insales Services may use cookies, counters, and other technologies to ensure the functionality of the Services in general or their individual functions in particular, and the User has no claims against Insales in connection with this.

2.10. The user understands that the equipment and software used by him to visit sites on the Internet may have the function of prohibiting operations with cookies (for any sites or for certain sites), as well as deleting previously received cookies.

Insales has the right to establish that the provision of a certain Service is possible only on the condition that the acceptance and receipt of cookies is permitted by the User.

2.11. The user is independently responsible for the security of the means he has chosen to access his account, and also independently ensures their confidentiality. The User is solely responsible for all actions (as well as their consequences) within or using the Services under the User’s account, including cases of voluntary transfer by the User of data to access the User’s account to third parties under any conditions (including under contracts or agreements) . In this case, all actions within or using the Services under the User’s account are considered to be carried out by the User himself, except in cases where the User notified Insales of unauthorized access to the Services using the User’s account and/or of any violation (suspicion of violation) of the confidentiality of his means of accessing your account.

2.12. The User is obliged to immediately notify Insales of any case of unauthorized (not authorized by the User) access to the Services using the User’s account and/or of any violation (suspicion of violation) of the confidentiality of their means of access to the account. For security purposes, the User is obliged to independently safely shut down work under his account at the end of each session of working with the Services. Insales is not responsible for possible loss or damage to data, as well as other consequences of any nature that may occur due to the User’s violation of the provisions of this part of the Agreement.

3. Responsibility of the Parties

3.1. The Party that has violated the obligations stipulated by the Agreement regarding the protection of confidential information transferred under the Agreement is obliged, at the request of the injured Party, to compensate for the actual damage caused by such violation of the terms of the Agreement in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation.

3.2. Compensation for damage does not terminate the obligations of the violating Party to properly fulfill its obligations under the Agreement.

4.Other provisions

4.1. All notices, requests, demands and other correspondence under this Agreement, including those including confidential information, must be in writing and delivered personally or via courier, or sent by email to the addresses specified in the license agreement for computer programs dated 12/01/2016, the agreement of accession to the license agreement for computer programs and in this Agreement or other addresses that may subsequently be specified in writing by the Party.

4.2. If one or more provisions (conditions) of this Agreement are or become invalid, then this cannot serve as a reason for termination of the other provisions (conditions).

4.3. This Agreement and the relationship between the User and Insales arising in connection with the application of the Agreement are subject to the law of the Russian Federation.

4.3. The User has the right to send all suggestions or questions regarding this Agreement to the Insales User Support Service or to the postal address: 107078, Moscow, st. Novoryazanskaya, 18, building 11-12 BC “Stendhal” LLC “Insales Rus”.

Publication date: 12/01/2016

Full name in Russian:

Limited Liability Company "Insales Rus"

Abbreviated name in Russian:

LLC "Insales Rus"

Name in English:

InSales Rus Limited Liability Company (InSales Rus LLC)

Legal address:

125319, Moscow, st. Akademika Ilyushina, 4, building 1, office 11

Mailing address:

107078, Moscow, st. Novoryazanskaya, 18, building 11-12, BC “Stendhal”

INN: 7714843760 Checkpoint: 771401001

Bank details:

A warehouse is a special room for storing supplies and materials.

Methodology for calculating the total area of ​​a warehouse.

The entire warehouse space consists of two parts: areas used and unused for storage. When planning, it should be taken into account that the most rational ratio of these areas is 2:1.

The total warehouse area can be calculated using the formula:

S generally = S gr +S vsp +S etc +S km +S r.m. +S p.e. +S o.e. ,

Let's consider the procedure for calculating the quantities included in the formula.

1. Determination of cargo area:

Sgr = Q*Z*Kn / 254*Cv*Kigo*N,

where: Q - forecast of annual trade turnover, rub./year; Z - forecast of the amount of inventory (average inventory), days of turnover; Kn - coefficient of warehouse loading unevenness; Kigo - coefficient of utilization of cargo volume of the warehouse; Cv - average cost of one cubic meter of goods stored in a warehouse, rub./m3; H - height of stacking cargo for storage, m; 254 is the number of working days in a year.

Kn = Gmah / Gsr,

Gmax - maximum cargo turnover; Gsr - average cargo turnover.

Kigo = Vpol / Sob*H,

where: Vfull is the volume of goods in packaging that can be stacked on this equipment along its entire height, m3; Stotal is the area occupied by the projection of the external contours of the supporting equipment onto the horizontal plane, m2; H - cargo stowage height, m.

2. Area of ​​passages and passages (Svsp)

The size of the area of ​​passages and passages is determined after the adoption of the mechanization option and depends on the type of hoisting and transport machines used in the technological process. If the width of the working corridor of machines working between the racks is equal to the width of the racking equipment, then the area of ​​aisles and driveways will be equal to the cargo area or 90% of it.

3. Areas of acceptance and acquisition areas (Spr and Skm)

where A2 is the share of goods passing through the warehouse receiving area, %, A3 is the share of goods subject to picking at the warehouse, %, q is aggregated indicators of design loads per 1 m2 in the receiving and picking areas, t/m2, tpr - - the number of days the goods are in the receiving area, tkm - the number of days the goods are in the picking area, Av - the approximate cost of 1t of goods stored in the warehouse.

4. Area of ​​working places Sр.м.

The warehouse manager's workplace, measuring 12 m2, is equipped near the picking area with the maximum possible view of the warehouse.

If the quality of goods is checked at the warehouse, the workplaces of the relevant personnel will be equipped near the receiving area, but away from the main cargo flows.

5. Acceptance expedition area (Spe)

An acceptance expedition is organized to accommodate goods received during non-working hours. Consequently, its area should allow placing the amount of goods that can arrive over the weekend. The size of the acceptance expedition area is determined by the formula:

tpe is the number of days during which the goods will be in the acceptance expedition; Wed - the approximate cost of 1t of goods stored in the warehouse; qe - weight 1 m3, t/m2.

6. Area of ​​departure expedition (Soe)

The dispatch area is used for completing shipments. The size of the area is determined by the formula:

toe - the number of days during which the goods will be in the shipping expedition; Av - the approximate cost of 1 ton of goods stored in the warehouse;

The procedure for determining the need for cargo and storage space.

When making design decisions for new construction or reconstruction of existing (previously built) warehouses, the need for warehouse space, as well as warehouse capacity, should be determined. The calculation is done like this:

Formula for warehouse space requirements

where Sn is the need for warehouse space (warehouse capacity); N - standard warehouse space (warehouse capacity) per 1 thousand rubles of inventory; Q is the stock of goods to be stored in this warehouse.

Determining the required cargo area can be calculated using the following formula: Sn=Q*K1/K2*h where S n- required area for storing goods, m2; Q- required storage volume, m3; K 1- coefficient of unevenness of goods receipt; K 2 - coefficient of utilization of storage space volume; h- height of warehouses.