Heating system thermostats: technical characteristics, types and installation methods. Thermostatic elements Heating temperature regulators for radiators

The thermostat for a heating radiator has another name - thermal head. The main function of this unit is to change the intensity of coolant movement in the pipes; this task is implemented in different ways, it all depends on the type of device. The thermostat is installed directly on the heating radiator. If such a need arises, it can be easily dismantled. However, it is important to adhere to the rules, in particular, all repair work is carried out before the start of the heating season.

The benefits of heating thermostats

The coolant temperature cannot always be adjusted. For example, in apartment buildings the heating system operates on a different principle, and it is not possible to set the required hot water parameters in each apartment. In such cases, the problem is solved by installing a device that is simple in its operating principle - a thermostat on the battery. With its help, the volume of coolant in the pipes changes, which leads to a decrease in the air temperature in the room. The advantages of such devices:

• all processes are performed automatically, the user does not have to constantly be near the heating radiator;
• zonal change of environmental parameters: in some rooms you can turn off the radiator, in others the desired temperature is maintained;
• reducing the volume of consumed heat source, which allows reducing heating costs;
• in the event of a breakdown of the heating device, you do not have to wait for the entire riser of the heating system of an apartment building to be turned off, for which the utility service is responsible; it is enough to turn off the radiator.

In addition, if you install more functional thermostats, it will be possible to turn off the heating device on site when the set air temperature is reached. A built-in or remote thermostat for the radiator is involved in the process; it transmits data on environmental parameters. This feature allows you to further reduce heating costs.

Device and principle of operation

The devices offered on the market have the same design. They also function according to the same principle. Main nodes:

• valve;
• thermal head with rod and bellows.

The last of the elements is removable. You can connect different thermal heads to one valve. The device of the electronic analogue is somewhat more complicated: the design includes a microprocessor responsible for regulating the temperature in the room. The operating principle of the thermostat is based on changing the cross-section of the valve lumen. To normalize the indoor microclimate, you need to reduce the volume of coolant that enters the radiator from the pipe.

The thermal valve is connected to the head via a union nut and a rod. The last of the elements moves inside the structure under the influence of the load exerted by the medium in the bellows (gas, liquid). When heated, the substance expands. The pressure inside the head increases. As a result, the rod lowers, partially or completely blocking the gap in the valve.

When the air in the room cools, the thermostat settings are changed manually or automatically. If a device equipped with a bellows is installed, the stem returns to its original position after the characteristics of the working environment change. Electronic devices interact with the thermostat. This element is often built into the design of the thermostat. There is another option: install a thermostat on the radiator.

The market also offers simpler thermostats - mechanical ones. They are equipped with valves and taps. Such devices are distinguished by their primitive design. They contain a valve, valve. There is no bellows inside the structure. All actions to adjust the parameters of the coolant and the environment are performed by a person: if necessary, the valve partially blocks the gap inside the valve, which leads to a decrease in the volume of the coolant. When the air in the room cools down, it is necessary to return the device to its original position.

Selecting a thermostat

Before purchasing, study the characteristics of devices of different types and compare their functionality. Heating thermostats are selected taking into account the following criteria:

1. Design type: mechanical, electronic, electromechanical.
2. Matching pipe and valve size.
3. Cross-sectional area of ​​the internal lumen. In some models, the value of this parameter is initially small. As a result of the adjustment, the cross-sectional area is further reduced. This leads to significant cooling of the radiators. It is better not to use such a regulator for a battery, since the air parameters in the room will vary greatly.
4. Temperature sensor location. It can be built-in or remote. In the first case, data on the air temperature in the room will be more accurate, since the device is located at some distance from the radiator, and therefore is not exposed to direct heat. A remote sensor is purchased when the radiator is recessed into a niche or located close to the window sill, provided that the thermostatic element is located in a vertical plane.
5. For two-pipe and one-pipe heating systems, different thermostats are chosen.
6. Device adjustment accuracy. The mechanical version of the design is simple, and a person is responsible for changing the parameters of the coolant, since all manipulations are performed manually. When choosing electronic regulators, the sensitivity level of the automation is taken into account. Information about the measurement error should be requested from the manufacturer.
7. Appearance of the device. Gas-filled, liquid and electronic thermostats are attractive. Automatic models of such devices are equipped with displays.
8. Price category. Equipment for the heating system must be certified and have a guarantee. Manufacturers that have won the trust of users: Danfoss, Royal Thermo, Oventrop, Teplokontrol.

Types of thermostats

Such devices are divided into 2 main groups:

• mechanical;
• automatic (electronic).

The filling of the bellows also differs: gas, liquid. Each option has its own advantages. The devices operate on a similar principle, but differ in the level of sensitivity to changes in environmental parameters. The method of adjusting the mechanical device is manual. Electronic analogues do not require human intervention.

The thermostatic element is divided into types taking into account the difference in valve configuration:

• straight;
• corner (for vertical, horizontal installation);
• a device that has 3 pipes for connecting to the radiator, supply pipe and bypass, it is called a three-way valve.

The thermostat for the heating battery is also selected taking into account the working environment. There are 2 types:

• gas-filled;
• liquid.

The working medium fills the bellows, which is located inside the thermal head. Under the same conditions, liquid and gas behave differently, which determines the level of efficiency of the device.

Mechanical

Such devices are represented by the following options:

• valve with valve;
• devices equipped with a tap.

The last option is less preferable, since it is intended for other tasks, but can also be used to change the volume of coolant in the radiator. This is a manual thermostat. You need to turn the tap all the way. If you regularly leave it in the half position, the internal valve will become deformed over time.

Valve devices are offered in two versions:

• needle type;
• mechanical thermostat, specially designed for installation on a radiator.

The first one is controlled manually. To change the volume of coolant, you need to turn the valve. The disadvantage of such devices is the reduced cross-sectional area of ​​the internal lumen. Because of this, the level of efficiency of the regulator is significantly reduced. The advantages include the possibility of installation in a half position; if such a need arises, the valve can completely close the gap inside the valve.

Special mechanical thermostats, designed for installation on a radiator, have an improved design. They do not require direct human participation in the process of changing coolant parameters. However, such devices operate without being connected to a power source.

Positive traits:

• reasonable cost;
• autonomy: the devices do not require connection to a power source, which means they can operate in any conditions;
• simple process of operation and management.

Such devices have lower accuracy than their automatic counterparts.

Electronic

Temperature regulators of this type are programmable devices. The design provides the ability to change and control environmental parameters. The automatic thermostat is equipped with a screen that displays the air temperature. The user can set the required value for this parameter. Throughout the heating season, the thermostat will maintain this temperature by opening and closing the valve. This feature is provided by a built-in microprocessor.

There are models of regulators that control the operation of the entire heating system: pumps, boiler. To ensure the ability to change the parameters of the coolant automatically, a thermostat is used. It transmits the temperature value to the thermostat. There are the following types of electronic devices:

• with open logic;
• with closed logic;
• simple models, similar to mechanical counterparts, but equipped with a display.

In the first case, the device can be reprogrammed. Thanks to this, it is possible to configure the regulator in accordance with the characteristics of any heating system. Analogs with closed logic cannot be reprogrammed. However, it remains possible to change the main parameters. These types of thermostats represent a group of digital technology. Their cost is higher than simple electronic analogues with reduced functionality.

The main disadvantage of automatic regulators is the need to connect to an energy source. The power supply can act in this capacity. The thermostat consumes a minimal amount of energy. This allows you to operate it for a long period without the need to replace the power supply.

Liquid and gas-filled

Their design has already been discussed above. Such devices represent a group of mechanical regulators; they consist of a valve, a spring-loaded rod, and a bellows, which contains gas or liquid inside. The substance must certainly be able to expand under the influence of high temperatures. Due to this property, the pressure inside the head increases. Paraffin is often used as a liquid medium.

Gas-filled and liquid devices are similar in terms of efficiency. The advantage of the first of the regulators for radiators is a faster response to fluctuations in room temperature. The advantage of a liquid-filled device is its high accuracy in transferring the pressure that has increased inside the bellows to the spring-loaded rod. This means that both types of devices implement their main function quite effectively.

DIY thermostat installation

The recommended mounting location is at the radiator inlet. The installation diagram of the regulator is determined by the type of heating system: one- or two-pipe. In the first case, an important condition is the installation of a bypass. It is placed in front of the thermostat. Thanks to this, it becomes possible to turn off the heating device, then the coolant will flow through the bypass and further along the communications.

The heating temperature regulator inside the radiator must be embedded in the supply pipe. When choosing an installation location, the direction of movement of hot water is taken into account. In most cases, the thermostat is built into a pipe that is connected to the radiator from above. Additionally, a valve with a valve is mounted in the lower part, which makes it possible to drain the coolant in the event of a breakdown of the heating device.

Installation of the device

Installation of a thermostat on heating radiators is carried out during a period when the communication system is not filled with coolant. The sequence of actions when installing the control device on a pipe:

• it is necessary to remove the battery, it is important to leave small sections of pipes at the entrance to the heating device;
• connect the regulator valve to the radiator plugs;
• fix the second pipe on the supply pipe.

Flax or FUM tape is used for compaction. You can install the thermostat yourself if you have the appropriate tools and equipment. A grinder is used for cutting metal. When connecting communications, do not apply excessive force, as the thread may be stripped. Always place the temperature regulator in a horizontal position, which will avoid additional exposure to heat emanating from the radiator, since heated air flows always rise to the ceiling.

Settings

The valve handle must be turned until the required operating mode is set. The thermostat on the battery is adjusted according to personal preferences. The valve has a pointer and a scale. The adjustment is stopped when the pointer is positioned opposite the number corresponding to the desired mode.

How to remove the thermostat from the battery?

To do this, repeat the instructions given above. Considering that such actions are in most cases carried out during repairs in the cold season, it may be necessary to turn off the heating system. Then the coolant is drained. All that remains is to dismantle the thermostat for heating; to do this, unscrew the fasteners.

During cold weather, heating radiators are usually used to create comfortable indoor conditions. Very often, in centralized and individual coolant supply systems, the batteries are incorrectly configured, due to which there is a strong jump in temperature in the rooms upward. So that somehow escape from too dry and stuffy air, people ventilate their rooms by opening window sashes and vents, thereby “heating” the street.

To solve this problem and create optimal temperature conditions, they began to use thermostats for heating radiators. This device makes it possible to conveniently control temperature indicators in a residential area and ensures more rational consumption of energy resources. About which thermostat is better to choose Our review will tell you how it works and how to install it correctly.

Shut-off and control valves and their features

Any heating system must be equipped with heat supply control devices; this allows not only to maintain a certain temperature range, but also to solve safety problems. In case of an emergency, in case of leakage or battery replacement, the latter can be dismantled without turning off the entire heating circuit. To adjust the coolant supply intensity, the following parts are used:

Shut-off valves of this type are only suitable for completely shutting off the radiator, since operates in “open and closed” mode. This device is not the best option for adjusting temperature values. Theoretically, yes, it can perform this function, but practically, it will quickly fail and require repair or complete replacement. The fact is that solid microparticles of iron and other debris that travel through the pipes along with water inevitably leave damage, in the form of scratches, on the smoothly polished ball mechanism. As a result, the valve, which is in an intermediate state, loses its tightness.

Cone valve

A good and inexpensive way to solve the problem of adjusting the battery temperature. It copes well with the task of changing the intensity of coolant supply, but its disadvantage is that all such operations will have to be done manually. There are no markings on this device, so the optimal position of the valve will need to be selected experimentally. As a result, constantly “turning” the tap, in the hope of bringing the temperature readings back to normal, will not pass without a trace for him - very often the protective cap fails devices.

Automatic thermostat

For the most efficient transfer of thermal energy from heating devices, we use innovative technological solutions in the form of thermostatic valves, also called thermostats. They enable the consumer of energy resources to create ideal microclimate conditions in the house and set the desired range of average daily temperatures in the rooms. With such a device, the owner of the premises can configure heating equipment so as to minimize your energy costs.

All three types of components change the temperature by the quantitative volume of hot liquid in the batteries - with an increase in the flow rate of the latter, the temperature in the battery increases, and with the opposite effect, it decreases.

Types of thermostats: operating principle and internal structure

All thermostatic valves have the same design and consist of 2 elements - a valve and a thermal component that regulates the operation of this very valve. Today's building materials market is represented by three types of thermostats. They can vary in the method of impulse transmission to the thermal head. The signal can come from:

• coolant;
• air in the house;
• air masses beyond the territory of heated square meters.

According to the principle of operation, these devices are almost the same, but their control method is different: manual, mechanical and automatic or, as it is also called, electronic.

The simplest thermostats

The first devices to appear on the market were those that responded to the degree of liquid in the system. They are also called first generation thermostats. These devices are manually controlled and have the cone valve design described above. All adjustment occurs through trial and failure, empirically, since no values ​​are provided on the valve. This is the cheapest option for such equipment.

Next, a model range was developed with the same control principle, but with improved changes. That is, the adjustment is still done manually, but for ease of use, six numbers are marked on the lid scale, which are responsible for the heating power of the radiator. If the valve is set to “zero”, then the thermostat completely blocks the access of the coolant to the radiator and the latter can be replaced without draining the water from the entire system. When the regulator is set to the “One” or “Snowflake” position, this indicates that a minimum amount of warm liquid is supplied through the battery, which can prevent the latter from defrosting. The remaining four digits make it possible to adjust the desired heat level, in the range from +14 to +29 C.

Installation of a mechanical thermostat is possible either with the valve up or in a horizontal position. When installing the head horizontally, it can, if necessary, be replaced with an improved thermal head, which is installed strictly horizontally relative to the floor.

Video. How to connect a thermostat

Innovative thermostats

Bellows based thermostat is a fully automatic thermostat that does not require manual manipulation. The bellows is a cylinder with a heavy-duty shell filled with various chemicals. With excessive heating, the latter are able to change their volume in favor of expansion, while stretching the bellows, which subsequently raises the metal lever that regulates the movement of the valve. The last one, partially blocks the pipe, reducing the intensity warm flow entering the heater. As the air temperature decreases, the bellows contracts, retracting the valve and opening the cross-section of the pipe, due to which the flow into the battery increases.

Large manufacturers produce two types of bellows - liquid and gas based. Filled with a certain gaseous substance, they are able to respond very quickly to changes in room temperature, while on a liquid basis, the bellows responds much more slowly to a similar change in degrees. But the latter are much more accurate than their analogues and interact more efficiently with the driving mechanism.

Important! Such structural components of the heating system must be installed strictly horizontally. Otherwise, with vertical installation, the thermal head with a bellows will fall under the flow of warm air coming from the heating device. Therefore, the valve closing mechanism will work much earlier, and the real degrees in the room will not correspond to the set values ​​on the thermostat.

From the above it follows that New generation thermostats are capable of independently controlling heat transfer in the room, adjusting the intensity of the coolant flow. The user only needs to set the necessary parameters of the desired microclimate once and then the automation will do everything itself. Typically, these devices consist of a sensor connected to the boiler units and the thermostat itself, located in the warm liquid supply pipe.

The correct and efficient operation of thermal heads of this type is greatly affected by cluttering heating radiators with various decorative frames or hanging them with thick curtains. For such cases It is recommended to use equipment with manual adjustment or with remote temperature sensors. Such devices are capable of recording temperature readings in a place opposite the radiator or even outside the room. Eg, wireless built-in sensor, placed outside the house, quickly responds to weather fluctuations. If there is a cold snap outside, the heating intensity of the room automatically increases.

Important! For thermoregulating devices, there are special protective covers on sale that prevent unauthorized persons from gaining access to them. This is relevant for people who have small children in their family.

Design features

Today, there are thermostats with different controls - electrical and direct-acting. Electric control involves two types of adjustment:

• Sending an impulse to valves located on the supply pipes directly in front of the heaters;
• Sending a signal to the boiler or heat pump automation system.

Direct spectrum thermostats are mounted on the warm liquid supply pipe in front of the heating device. The degree value is adjusted by simply closing/opening the coolant flow.

Regulators in one and two-pipe heating systems

Manufacturers provide two types of thermostats. The first type is created specifically for a single-pipe heating circuit and functions by supporting necessary balance in hydraulics heating system. This pressure parameter is stable due to the uniform flow of coolant, which is pre-set at a certain level.

With a two-pipe design, a special type of thermostat is used, designed for normal operation, even with rapid and unexpected pressure surges. The devices are equipped with a small cross-section and are characterized by high resistance to such phenomena. These devices can be divided into 2 categories:

1. Those who need additional measures to adjust hydraulics;
2. Not requiring such settings.

When the second category thermostat is activated, without additional settings, all heaters located on the same line will have almost equal thermal fluid flow, although the heat loss in each room is different. In fact, the resulting thermal result will be the following: when a volume of hot water passes through the radiator, more than required, the room will overheat, otherwise, on the contrary, it will not receive enough heat. To avoid such situations, it is necessary to install a thermostat for each radiator separately.

It is advisable to install thermostats of the first category, correctly configured - they will ensure optimal operation of the valves, and as a result, a comfortable microclimate in each room.

Many consumers are wondering whether it is necessary to install a thermostat for a cast iron radiator. The answer is positive - Regardless of the type of battery, it works more efficiently with a thermostat. The only thing is that due to the high inertia of cast iron, adjustment occurs more slowly.

Important! Quality products are always supported by appropriate certificates confirming this.

Advantages of thermostats

• A design that will harmoniously fit into any interior.
• Easy to install - these heating circuit parts are easy to install in both new and existing heating systems.
• Ease of use – to create comfortable temperature indicators It is enough to turn the handle of the device once.
• Long service life. The number of working cycles of “squeezing and unclenching” the bellows exceeds 1 million times, which is equivalent to 100 years of use of the device. In this case, no additional prevention of moving units is required.
• There is no need to open/close windows in winter due to excessive heat created by the heating system.
• The accuracy of maintaining the set temperature is up to 1 degree.
• Uniform distribution of heat flows in the heating circuit allows for more efficient use of energy resources.
• Thermostat able to quickly respond to increases in room temperature from external sources, such as, for example, sunlight, crowds of people, etc. and timely reduce the heat transfer of radiators.
• In individual heating systems, savings in combustible materials, and therefore emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere, reach up to 25%.

Installation Features

For the most effective operation of the device, you need to know how and where it is installed, how it is configured, how to use it and other nuances, as a rule, set out in the instructions. The following are general requirements for the installation of such equipment:

• Mechanical thermostats must be provided with free access for ease of adjustment;
• A heating device equipped with an automatic thermostat must not be covered with decor and curtains, as there may be an error in its operation;
• Before installing the device, it is recommended study the installation diagram, and if work is carried out on an existing heating system, then it is necessary to drain the coolant;
• The thermostat is placed perpendicular to the battery body, the direction of the arrow on the device must clearly coincide with the direction of flow of the incoming coolant;
• When the heating system is turned off, the regulators open completely.

Procedure

After the system is left without coolant, you can perform the following steps:

• The coolant supply pipes are cut off and the shut-off valves installed earlier are dismantled;
• The tips with fastening nuts are disconnected from the thermostat, then they are screwed into the heating radiator plugs;
• The pipe piping thus assembled is installed in a pre-designated location;
• Connect the underwater pipes from the riser to the piping;
• Configure the equipment.

Installation specifics

Installation of an automatic device in a heating system with a single-pipe circuit is carried out with some nuances - you will need change the battery connection diagram, by installing a bypass jumper. This jumper pipe, called a bypass, connects the supply and return lines of the radiator and allows the circulation of the main flow of hot liquid to not be disrupted. Adhering to such a scheme in the future, there will be no need to think how to cover and how to replace the device without disturbing the operation of the entire system - just close the coolant inlet and outlet valves and you can safely carry out repair work.

In a two-pipe circuit, the heater thermostat is mounted on the supply pipe, usually located on top. This installation is much simpler than in the method described above and does not require constructive interventions in the heating system itself.

Important! The operating efficiency of thermostats on bimetallic and aluminum and steel batteries is much higher, since the latter have a low inertial capacity.

Video. Types and advantages of thermostat

In order for your purchase to bring the expected result over a long period, then its selection must be treated with full knowledge of the matter. Below are general recommendations on how to choose a thermostat:

• Automatic devices are much more expensive than their manual counterparts, but they do not require constant human intervention;
• When purchasing a regulator, make sure it matches your heating system;
• Give preference only to trusted manufacturers that have good reviews and are characterized as reliable. Today, the list of brands is so wide that even an experienced plumber can get lost in the selection. Therefore, below is presented line of the best brands, whose products occupy leading positions in various ratings: Valtek, Far, Danfoss, Oventrop, Caleffi, “Thermal control”. Each of them differs in model range, country of origin and price segment.
• The quality of the equipment must be supported by appropriate certificates and a warranty period of at least three years.

Thermostats for batteries. Types and advantages of video thermostat

Types of thermostats

Electronic

Mechanical

If the house has a correctly calculated autonomous heat supply, then no adjustment will be required for the heating radiators, since a stable temperature regime will be ensured in all rooms. But in multi-apartment buildings, where residents often modify heating systems, regulators will not hurt. It would also be a good idea to install a communal heat meter in an apartment building, which will save residents money.

The need to adjust heat transfer

There are two reasons why heating radiators need to be adjusted:

1. Reducing home heating costs. True, in an apartment located in a multi-storey building, it is possible to reduce the amount of payments only if there is a common building heat meter. In a private household, if an automated boiler is installed, installation of regulators is unlikely to be required. The amount of savings will be significant.
2. There is a need to maintain the desired temperature in the premises. For example, in one room it may be 17 degrees Celsius, and in another – 25 degrees. To do this, you need to set the appropriate numbers on the thermal head or close the valve.

In this case, it does not matter how the heated coolant enters the radiators - centrally or autonomously. It also does not matter which heating unit is installed in the system. The fact is that the regulators on the batteries are not connected to the boilers - they function independently.

Adjusting heating radiators

To understand the question of how to regulate heating batteries with a regulator, first of all, you should find out the principle of their operation. By design, the radiator consists of a labyrinth of pipes and fins of various types, which provide increased heat transfer.

Hot liquid enters the device, passes through the labyrinth and thereby heats the metal, which gives off heat to the surrounding air. The fins on modern radiators are made of a special shape, which improves the convection of air flows, and the room is heated quickly.

In the case of active heating from the batteries, a heat flow is felt. This means that when you change the amount of coolant passing through the device, you can adjust the room heating temperature, albeit within certain limits.

This is what special fittings are designed for - thermostats and valves. But a heating regulator installed on a radiator in an apartment is not capable of increasing heat transfer; it can only reduce it.

The effectiveness of changing battery temperature depends on:

• on whether the heating devices have power reserves;
• from the correct selection and installation of regulators.

Of no small importance is the inertia of the entire heating system and the batteries themselves. For example, cast iron, which has a large mass, changes temperature slowly, while aluminum heats up quickly and cools down the same way. This means that there is no point in having cast iron radiators with temperature control, since it takes a long time to get results.

Ways to increase the heat transfer of batteries

The presence/absence of the opportunity to increase heat transfer depends on the calculation of the radiator power reserve. If the device is not able to produce more thermal energy, then no fittings will help.

You can try to change the situation in one of the following ways:

1. First of all, you should check whether the filters and pipes are clogged. Blockages form both in old buildings and in new buildings, as various construction debris enters the system. When cleaning does not produce results, drastic measures need to be taken.
2. Increase in coolant temperature. This can be done if there is an autonomous heating supply, but with centralized heating it is unlikely.
3. Changing the connection type. Not all battery connection methods are equally effective. For example, a reverse side connection reduces power by about a quarter. The location of installation of the device also affects the heat transfer.
4. Increasing the number of sections. If the location and method of connecting radiators are chosen correctly, and the room is also cold, this means that the thermal power of the devices is not enough. Then it is necessary to increase the number of sections.

If the heating system is equipped with batteries with temperature control, then they require a certain power reserve and this is their main drawback. As a result, heating installation costs increase, since each section costs money.

Comfort cannot be achieved if the room is cold or too hot, so adjusting the heat in radiators is a universal solution to this problem.

There are many devices on sale that are designed to change the volume of coolant passing through the radiator. Among them there are both inexpensive and high-cost products. They come with different adjustments: manual, electronic and automatic.

Ball Valves

Valves are cheap, but at the same time ineffective control devices. Ball valves are often installed at the entrance to the radiator, with the help of which they regulate the flow of water.

But this equipment also has another functionality - shut-off valves. Valves are used to completely shut off the flow of coolant into the system. For example, in the event of a leak in a heating device, ball valves located at the inlet and outlet of the radiator allow repairs to be made without stopping the heat supply and draining the liquid.

Heating radiators in the apartment cannot be adjusted using ball valves. They have only two positions - completely closed and open. An intermediate position only brings harm.

The fact is that inside such a faucet there is a ball with a hole, which in its normal position is not in danger, but in all other situations the solid particles present in the coolant grind it down and pieces break off from it. As a result, the tap will not be sealed and in the “closed” position, water will continue to flow into the battery, which can lead to big troubles if the device leaks.

If one of the property owners decides to control the radiators using ball valves, you must remember that they should be installed correctly.

This method is usually used in apartment buildings. If the wiring is single-pipe vertical, then the hot water pipe enters the room through the ceiling and a radiator is connected to it (read: “Correct adjustment of heating radiators in an apartment - comfort in the home and saving money”). The pipeline departs from the second entrance to the device and is directed through the floor to the room below.

In this case, it is necessary to install the taps correctly, since the installation of a bypass is mandatory. The bypass pipe is needed so that when the liquid flow to the radiator is closed, the coolant continues to circulate in the general house system.

In some situations, the tap is placed on the bypass to change the amount of water passing through it and thereby adjust the heat transfer of the battery. To ensure greater reliability of the heating system, at least three valves are installed: two will be shut-off valves on the radiator and function normally, and the third will become a regulating valve.

But here we must not forget what position the devices are in. Otherwise, you can completely block the riser and you will not be able to avoid the cold in the apartment, as well as unpleasant showdowns with neighbors and representatives of the management company.

Therefore, when deciding how to regulate heat in batteries, experts do not recommend using ball valves. There are other products on the market that are specifically designed to change the amount of water circulating through the radiator.

Needle valve

This device is usually installed in the heating system in front of the pressure gauge. The valve smoothly and effectively changes the flow of coolant, gradually blocking it. The design feature of this device is that the width of the passage in it is half as much.

For example, when installing inch pipes and the same cross-section of a needle valve, its capacity will be only ½ inch. As a result, each device built into the system reduces this parameter. Several products installed in series, for example in a single-pipe design, result in the latter devices being lukewarm or cold.

Since the passage is greatly narrowed, a needle device is not recommended to be installed when solving the problem of how to regulate the temperature of the battery, since its heat transfer is greatly reduced.

You can increase it as follows:

• removing the valve;
• doubling the number of sections;
• by installing a device that has twice as many couplings.

Control valves for radiators

To manually regulate the operation of heating devices, special valves are used. Such taps are sold with straight or angular connections. The procedure for regulating heating batteries using these devices manually is as follows.

When the valve is turned, the shut-off cone lowers or rises. In the closed position, the coolant flow is completely blocked. Moving up or down, the cone regulates to a greater or lesser extent the amount of circulating water.

Due to this operating principle, such valves are also called “mechanical temperature controllers”. They are installed on batteries with threads, and connected to pipes with fittings, most often of the crimp type.

The control valve used for heating devices has the following advantages:

• the device is reliable, it is not dangerous from blockages and fine abrasive particles present in the coolant - this applies exclusively to high-quality products in which the valve cone is made of metal and carefully processed;
• the product has an affordable price.

Control valves also have disadvantages - each time you use the device, its position has to be changed manually and for this reason it is quite problematic to maintain a stable temperature regime.

For those who are not satisfied with this procedure and are thinking about how to regulate the temperature of the radiator using another method, the use of automatic products that allow them to control the degree of heating of the radiators is more suitable.

Automatic adjustment option

There are several ways to regulate the temperature in batteries. But automatic adjustment of the room temperature has an undeniable advantage. The fact is that by placing the regulator knob in the required position once, the property owner gets rid of the need to use it for a long time.

Adjusting batteries using a thermostat

To ensure that the room is constantly maintained at the set temperature, thermostats for radiators are used. These devices have other names - thermostatic valve, thermostatic valve, etc. There are many names, but they all refer to one product.

The thermal valve and thermal valve are the lower part of the device, and the thermal head and thermoelement are the upper part. Most of these products operate without power sources. The exception is models equipped with a digital screen, in which batteries are placed in the thermostatic head. There is no need to change them often, since the current consumption is negligible.

The radiator thermostat consists of several components:

• thermostatic valve, which is called “housing”, “thermal valve”, “thermal valve”;
• thermostatic head or “thermostatic element”, “thermoelement”, “thermal head”.

The body (valve) is made of metal, usually bronze or brass. Externally, its design resembles a manual valve. Many manufacturers make the lower part
radiator thermostat unified. This means that different types of heads can be mounted on one housing, regardless of their manufacturer.

Thus, it is possible to install a thermoelement with different controls on the thermal valve - manual, mechanical or automatic, which is very convenient. If you want to change the adjustment method, there is no need to buy the entire device, you just need to install a different thermostatic element.

Automatic regulators differ in the principle of influencing the locking mechanism. In a manual device, its position is changed by turning the handle. As for automatic models, they usually have a siphon that puts pressure on
spring loaded mechanism. In electronic products, the workflow is controlled by a processor.

The bellows is the main element of the thermoelement (thermal head). It looks like a small sealed cylinder containing liquid or gas inside. Both of these substances have a common property - their volume depends on temperature. When heated, gas and liquid begin to significantly increase in volume and thereby stretch the cylinder.

The bellows, when pressed on the spring, blocks the flow of coolant. When the volume of the working medium decreases as it cools, the spring rises and thereby the fluid flow increases, and the radiator heats up again. Thanks to the use of such a device, depending on its calibration, the set temperature can be maintained with great accuracy - up to one degree.

Before using a radiator, anyone who decides to purchase a thermostat for it must decide what type of temperature control it should have:

• manual;
• auto;
• with built-in or remote sensor.

Models designed for one-pipe and two-pipe systems, with housings made of different metals, are also available.

Applications of three-way valves

One way to regulate heating radiators is to use a three-way valve. True, it is rarely used. Despite the fact that it is designed to solve other problems, such an application is possible.

Install a three-way valve at the junction of the bypass with the supply pipe going to the heating battery. To stabilize the temperature of the working environment, it must be equipped with a thermostatic head.

When the temperature near the head of the three-way valve becomes higher than the set parameter, the flow of liquid moving to the radiator is blocked - it is sent to the bypass. After the coolant cools down, the valve begins to operate in the opposite direction, and the battery heats up again. This connection method is usually implemented in single-pipe heat supply systems, with vertical wiring.

Summarizing

You can regulate heating radiators using several types of devices, but experts believe that the best solution is to use special control valves. Such products are manual taps and automated products - thermostats, and only in some cases can a three-way valve with a thermal head be used.

In high-rise apartments with centralized heating, it is better to give preference to control taps or a three-way valve. As for individual heating systems, the problem of how to reduce the temperature of the coolant in a heating radiator is solved using thermostats.

If the apartment owner still prefers automatic adjustment of radiators, then a filter should be installed before the thermostat - it will trap most of the various impurities.

Heating systems can be as reliable and powerful as you like, but the practicality of their use can be low. The reason is the lack of a specialized control device. As a result, in winter there is either not enough heat, or a considerable part of the personal budget is spent literally through open windows (this is especially unpleasant in private homes).

Device and purpose

If a water temperature regulator is installed in the heating system, it adapts to the created need the rate of passage of coolant into the radiator. By installing such a device together with a heat meter, you can save money and reduce wasteful energy consumption. Depending on the needs and capabilities of residents, it is worth buying models with manual temperature programming for the day and night, or with pre-planned microclimate parameters for specific days. These functions can be combined with each other. Then it will be possible to both eliminate unnecessary heating during warm hours and quickly prepare for the approaching frosts or thaws.

The differences are expressed largely in the specific way in which the temperature sensor is implemented and what its basic operating principle is. Some models measure the air temperature in rooms, while others focus on heating the water in the main. This does not affect the accuracy of measurement and adjustment to real needs. The main thing is that all the nuances and subtleties are taken into account. In most cases, too precise equipment is not needed, since it only burdens the personal budget.

Each room can be equipped with its own thermostat; it is even possible to use devices of different brands and models. The signal to the control relay can come from a sensor that measures the temperature of the coolant in the radiators. But such a scheme is considered outdated and does not meet the latest technical requirements. The thermostat is fundamentally incompatible with cast iron batteries. Only if radiators of a more modern design are installed in the room is it allowed to use it.

You need to understand that thermostats are not some kind of “magic” solution; with their help, it is impossible to extract more energy from the heating system than it is capable of supplying. But they are quite capable of reducing heat consumption or increasing it to the maximum as needed. A typical design includes not only a valve and a unit that receives signals from the control panel. The thermal valve and thermal head are very important elements. The selection of parts is made according to the size of the pipeline and the type of heating system.

In addition to the components already mentioned, the thermostat may include:

• collapsible connection;
• spool;
• compensating block;
• throw-on nut;
• fastening ring;
• scale on which the temperature is adjusted.

Principle of operation

A mechanical thermostatic valve for a radiator begins to work with support from the bellows of the rod. The rod opens the lumen of the pipeline. As soon as the temperature of the substance inside the bellows increases, it puts pressure on the rod, systematically lowering it. Therefore, the section in the channel passage is closed. Less and less water or antifreeze passes through the radiator, and the liquid that is inside inevitably cools down. Since the thermal agent also loses heat, it enters the initial phase and pulls the rod up.

Since after the rod rises, the coolant flow again passes inside the radiator without obstacles, the cycle repeats. The gas thermal agent has an increased rate of reaction to temperature, but the technological complexity of its use increases the cost of the mechanism. The liquid does not adapt to heating or cooling so quickly, but it allows the device to be somewhat cheaper. However, the real difference in practical use is relatively small. After all, the regulators adjust the temperature with an accuracy of 1 degree.

Varieties

The thermostatic valve is similar in appearance to a standard valve. Inside there is a saddle and a locking cone that opens or blocks the lumen of the canal. The difference is largely due to whether the system is installed in a single-pipe or two-pipe circuit. Thus, a thermostat for single-pipe heating is characterized by reduced hydraulic resistance. Most often the difference is 2 times.

If the heating system operates on the principle of natural circulation, it is most often equipped with the same set of valves as for single-pipe systems. This will lead to an increase in hydraulic resistance, but the equipment will still operate stably. In a two-pipe design, only devices designed for increased resistance to fluid flow are naturally used. If you choose the wrong regulator, it will not be possible to ensure rational heating of the air in the room. Moreover, the selected system must be installed in strict compliance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

Companies that manufacture valves actively use:

• bronze (covered on the outside with a layer of nickel and chromium);
• brass (it is plated only with nickel);
• stainless steel.

The advantage of these three metals is 100% corrosion resistance. Stainless steel valves withstand harsh operating conditions better than others. But the cost of purchasing them will not please consumers much. Therefore, most people choose brass and bronze parts, which will last almost as long as steel structures. Important: only products from leading companies purchased at official retail outlets have the necessary characteristics.

According to the design scheme, it is customary to distinguish between straight and angular types of thermostatic valves.

Inside the thermostats there is one of three subtypes of thermal heads:

• manual;
• mechanical;
• electronic (automatic).

The range of solved problems is the same in any case, but the practical action is significantly different. The manual device works on the same principle as a household faucet. When the control device is turned, the amount of coolant passing through the apparatus changes. In most cases, the control system is installed on both sides of the radiators, replacing ball valves. Simplicity and reliability of use together with low cost will suit anyone who is ready to regulate the flow themselves.

A programmable thermostat may not be essentially different from a manual one., the only difference is that the adjustment to the sensations is made using an electronic control unit. The weather-dependent mechanism processes signals coming from temperature-measuring sensors and changes its operating mode accordingly. Often these two categories of devices overlap. After all, it is necessary not only to adapt the action of the system to certain parameters, to external conditions, but also to individually set the type of this reaction. Note that mechanical systems can also be used without manual control.

They always have a bellows, that is, an elastic cylinder that is filled with liquids or gases characterized by significant thermal expansion. The mechanics should be mounted towards the middle of the room. This increases the accuracy of the measurements taken. If the size of the head is too large, you sometimes have to use a remote sensor. Such a regulator is not connected directly, but through small tubes, and provides the smallest error, but is more expensive than other options.

The electric regulator is larger than all others, and therefore installation is the most complicated. In addition to the installed measuring circuits, it is necessary to provide a power supply. To avoid stringing wires, pairs of small batteries are most often used as current sources. The microprocessor works very accurately and provides additional functions. Most often, the output level of radiators is varied depending on the time of day.

Many automatic thermostats are equipped with a mixing unit, pump, and so on. Data transmission via wireless communication channels is sometimes a useful option. Returning to the way the sensor measures temperature, it is worth noting that measurement in the coolant flow, despite the opinion that such devices are outdated, is useful due to its low cost. Therefore, such a scheme has a certain number of adherents.

An air meter is more effective than a water meter; it is placed not on radiators, but inside the room. Weather automation is considered the most advanced and allows you to eliminate unjustified temperature fluctuations in the event of changes in weather conditions. As a result, it is possible not only to provide comfort, but also to reduce fuel consumption. If a differential regulator is not needed, and there is a desire to make do with a cheaper combination of valve and inductor, installation is permissible on both inlet and outlet pipes. All other points are purely individual.

When choosing an electronic regulator, you should assume that it can be installed anywhere, but only at a certain distance from heating devices, pipes and radiators. Programmable controllers are usually divided into two key types. In the case of so-called closed logic, only individual parameters can be adjusted. Open logic is distinguished by increased capabilities for customization and adaptation to current conditions. Most people prefer a closed device because it eliminates the need to worry about tedious, obscure settings.

Setup and operation

In principle, you can use temperature sensors with industrial settings. But they will almost certainly differ from the optimal parameters. The adjustment begins with starting the heating system without a regulator and measuring the resulting temperature. This measurement is made strictly in the place that needs to be serviced first. Please note: when setting up, doors and windows are thoroughly closed, without leaving even small gaps.

The head of the thermostat is set to a mode that provides a completely open lumen. As soon as the temperature exceeds the desired value by 5 degrees, the regulator is switched to the closed position. Having detected a drop in temperature to the most acceptable level, you should smoothly open the control device. Then, having noticed noise and the beginning of warming up of the radiator, you should stop further manipulations and record the current position of the regulator. Subsequently, in order to live comfortably, you will have to indicate exactly this position of the regulator.

Of course, there will be no universal position for it. Additional settings are made when the season changes or during a sharp cold snap (thaw). If the device will be configured manually, it is advisable to immediately mount it where access is most convenient. However, for automated systems the same rule applies in most cases. After all, access will still be needed for installation, initial setup, maintenance, repair and subsequent dismantling.

Before setting up, it is recommended to turn off hoods and air conditioning equipment. If the regulator is made on the basis of modern electronics, the setting comes down to the choice of heat supply modes. In suburban housing and dachas, the most common choice is intensive heating on weekends and preventing the system from freezing on weekdays. Of course, depending on individual needs, the situation may be completely different. Other configuration details depend on the characteristics of the equipment used.

Installation

The regulator can be attached to the battery at different heights. Note: this parameter is determined by constructors and cannot be changed arbitrarily. It is usually assumed that the connection will occur to the upper collectors at a height of 0.6-0.8 m above the floor. But installing the thermostat this way will not work if the radiators are connected from below.

You can cope with this difficulty:

• adding a bottom tap containing a regulator;
• installation of a remote sensor;
• self-adjustment of thermostatic heads.

The setup process is not particularly complicated; all stages are outlined in the documentation provided. The insertion is made through the threads available on the valves, using fittings or by cutting threads on the pipe. In any case, it is worth considering all the details before installing the device. The approach to working in an apartment building is significantly different. If heating occurs through a single-pipe system, it would be correct to install a bypass.

The reason is that without bypasses the thermostat will change the heating throughout the riser. This is not only impractical, but may also result in a fine for violating the interests of other residents of the house. Contrary to popular belief, installing control equipment in bedrooms is not advisable. It would be much more correct to install it in those rooms where there is a temperature difference or where people are often present. First of all, this is the kitchen and living area. And in the bedroom it is recommended to install a simple valve that controls the flow of heat.

In two-story buildings, the recommended location of the thermostat is on the second floors. This is where the warm air is directed, and the first floor invariably turns out colder. Thermostats with sensors are installed in those rooms where the movement of air flow is unobstructed. The indicator is placed strictly horizontally so that it shows a reliable picture. It should be taken into account during installation that the thermostat valves are equipped with an external thread on one end, and oriented inward on the other.

The device is screwed into the radiator plugs with external sections of the required diameter (½ or 4 inches); If the heating system is not created from scratch, all water should be drained from it before installation work begins. It is not allowed to place automatic thermostats behind thick fabric drapery or behind a decorative screen. If you do this, the system will begin to measure the heating inside the cavity that appears, and not in the room itself. The solution to the problem is either the use of a remote sensor, or placing the regulator on horizontal sections of the system, as close as possible to the entrance to the radiator. When the heating season ends, the thermostat is opened to avoid sediment accumulation.

As soon as the inlet riser is closed and the water is drained, the horizontal supply circuits are cut off near the radiator. The cut parts and shut-off valves are disconnected from the batteries. The general system, made in a single-pipe version, is additionally equipped with a jumper between the inlet and outlet circuits. On the valves of regulators and shut-off valves, the shanks with nuts are removed, then they are screwed into the radiator plugs. Next, the piping is assembled, which must be installed in a predetermined area. This harness is connected to a horizontal line; bypasses are placed 1 inch smaller than the pipes supplying water.

Only in the most extreme cases can a ball valve be connected. Such a device does not regulate the temperature effectively enough, because there are only two preset modes: open and closed, and if you try an intermediate position, the coolant will quickly damage the working part. Cone-shaped valves are somewhat more efficient, since partial opening is normal for them. But periodically you will have to return the regulator to its original position. Therefore, we repeat once again, there is no particular alternative to full-fledged thermostats.

When designing a circuit for installing a thermostat with your own hands, you should focus not only on air circulation in a certain room.

Very important:

• thermal regime behind the walls of the building;
• illumination of a certain place by direct sunlight;
• the presence of additional sources of cold or heating in the room.

When installing thermostats for heated floors, air temperature sensors or thermostats containing them are most often installed in places where slight shadow is created. There should be no heat sources in these areas, and the sun’s rays should not directly fall there. The installation height is about 1.5 m. With adequate selection of the type of device, it is possible to save up to 70% of energy consumption. For small rooms, it is recommended to choose the simplest devices with little functionality; Bathrooms and utility rooms should always be warm, because visiting them is unpredictable.

It is not advisable to install thermal heads on each heating device. Only those radiators whose total thermal power exceeds 50% of the generation in a particular room are subject to adjustment. When there are two radiators, place a thermostat on the one that is more powerful. If there is equality in this indicator, they focus on the device closest to the heat source.

If you plan to use one device to control two or more rooms, it is better to turn to professionals. It is much easier to use two regulators per channel in a common assembly box or one thermostat with separate control circuits. Occasionally, the device is connected directly to the electrical panel. When the power of such a combination exceeds 2000 W, you will have to install a separate circuit breaker. Therefore, in most cases, they simply use the outlet, paying attention to how many devices receive current through it.

The standard installation height is 0.8-0.9 m. But when using air sensors, either separately or in conjunction with a floor temperature meter, follow the instructions and do not violate the instructions given there regarding the height of the location. Floor indicators are most often placed 0.5-0.6 m from the wall where the thermal unit goes. It is recommended to place the sensor in mounting or corrugated tubes to ensure protection from destructive influences and to simplify replacement in the future. When a film floor is installed, the meter is placed in a special recess in the floor, sufficient to make it flush with the rest of the surface.

The order is:

• a connection box is installed (except for cases where overhead units are connected);
• a groove is made in the wall and floor;
• power supply wires stretch to the box;
• using a tester, check whether sufficient current is supplied to it;

• stretch the cable from the sensor inside the corrugated pipe and grooves to the box;
• connect parts of the wiring according to the chosen circuit;
• set the thermostat to the designated place;
• attach its outer panel and cover.

It is advisable to install the valve on the hot water supply at the same time as connecting the radiator itself. If the system is already assembled, you cannot do without dismantling the liner. Particularly great difficulties are created when steel pipes were used for connection. Here you can’t do without a tool capable of cutting metal and forming threads on it. The thermal head is installed without the use of tools.

All that is required is to align the marks on the housings and gently press. The head will be securely fixed in the socket. A positive result can be judged by the click of the latch. Anti-vandal type thermostats are more difficult to mount; you will need to take 0.2 cm hex keys. Having achieved the marks matching, press the thermal head and screw the side retaining bolt.

Remote sensors and regulators of the same type for the battery should be mounted on a section of the wall freed from all interfering objects. Recommended height is 120-160 cm from the floor. They start by attaching the mounting plate to the wall with dowels. Already on top of it, with a little pressure, the housing is snapped into place. To connect the capillary tubes, you need plastic clamps (they are almost always included in the delivery kit).

Thermal heads ensure adjustment of the regulators to the highest and lowest values. When these positions are reached, the impellers simply will not move further. The solution is very simple: use limiting pins on the back of the products. One of these pins is removed. When the design is debugged, it is simply inserted into the hole under the desired mark.

It is strictly unacceptable to use thermal regulators for a one-pipe system in two-pipe circuits and vice versa. When the heating line is connected to the radiator from the side, you will have to install a direct valve; bottom entry means that a corner device must be mounted. The arrow on the equipment shows where the coolant flow should be directed. If this parameter is observed, connections are allowed at both the input and output. When a bottom connection is used, the thermal head is adjusted to a slightly lower temperature than usual.

The set temperature depends on the characteristics of the room and its operation:

• +7 degrees – preventing freezing;
• +11 degrees – corridor;
• +16 degrees – bedroom;
• +20 degrees – the largest room in the house or hall;
• +24 degrees – sanitary unit;
• +28 degrees – the most intense mode; Not all regulators have this; sometimes there is a limit of 26 degrees.

Criterias of choice

A reliable thermostat can work for a very long time. But in order for the apartment to always be warm and cozy, you need to give up significant savings. This is exactly the case when saving money initially leads to the opposite result. Preference should be given to products from the concerns Overtrop (Germany) and Danfoss (Denmark). Both manufacturers produce products suitable for a wide variety of interiors.

Devices with a remote sensor, as already mentioned, measure temperature as quickly and accurately as possible. If there is no particular need for this, you can safely save. Especially when it is not possible to fix the mechanism on the wall. Split system maintenance is best provided by built-in regulators. Thermostats that serve heated floors are included in a separate category.

When you plan to use infrared equipment for heating, plug-in thermostats are the best choice. An extremely important point is the choice between mechanical and electronic options. The second type is more expensive and more complex, it depends on electricity, but it opens up more possibilities. In addition, electronic equipment is easier to install and allows you to set a larger temperature range. If you have at least a little experience and special parts, you can even assemble the regulator yourself.

If you already know the brand of the boiler that will be used for heating, then the thermostat and temperature sensor should be selected from the model range of the same manufacturer. Relying on compatibility, even if it seems to be confirmed by accompanying documentation, is not the most reliable way. The selection of a general house thermostat deserves special attention. As practice shows, in apartment buildings the total consumption of thermal resources and the provision of comfort directly depend on this device. Considering the increased complexity of the central heating circuit and the distribution from it to the entrances, it is worth consulting with specialists before making a choice.

A radiator thermostat and a thermostat installed on an apartment riser should not be used to completely cut off heat from the apartment. This will immediately lead to an increase in the general consumption of thermal energy, that is, it will create inconvenience for other consumers and unreasonably increase utility bills. The regulator for heating systems that receive heat from a gas boiler is equipped with a drive and a liquid element. Only on the initiative of the consumers themselves does this type of working fluid change to a gas or elastic type.

The choice of thermostat for an electric boiler also has its own subtleties. Of course, modern varieties of such equipment are equipped with a practical control unit that completely takes care of the problems that arise. But in many places they still use old technology, which regulates work much worse. The range within which the temperature is controlled is entirely determined by the specifics of the heating system. More precisely, the radiators and the boiler itself have the lowest and highest coolant temperature values ​​at which the pipes operate stably.

A wired plug-in unit is considered a better option than a wireless one due to its low cost and increased reliability. But in specific rooms it makes sense to install wireless devices. Of course, only where specific temperature control is generally needed. Devices with remote sensors must be purchased if the heating radiator is installed under a wide window sill. They are also recommended for cases where the internal thermal element is exposed to a draft that cannot be removed. The selection of a thermostat for heated floors deserves special attention. Consumers have a huge assortment at their disposal - almost all possible colors and geometric shapes have already been sold by manufacturers.

Thermostats that meet the established standards are suitable for all floors:

• film;
• water;
• traditional electric mats or spirals.

There is no need to purchase exactly the model from the same manufacturer under whose brand the heating circuit is produced. It is very important to additionally buy damping tape. It will suppress dimensional changes that occur under the influence of heat. When choosing a thermostat for a heated floor, we must not forget that digital technology can differ significantly. So, some devices have only a few control buttons, while others have a whole range of options for flexible control.

The simplest options are attractive due to their increased reliability and low price. But they do not allow us to detect what the real floor temperature is at a particular moment. It is not very practical or convenient to check it by touch every time. That’s why it’s better to buy products equipped with a display with a warm-up indication. In some situations, a thermostat equipped with two types of sensors turns out to be more economical.

It monitors the heating of not only water, but also air, and blocks heating as soon as the readings of any of this pair of devices reach a predetermined value. For radiator systems this is not very reasonable, but in the case of a heated floor, with its increased thermal inertia, the opposite is true. Infrared sensors not only correspond to the spirit of modern progress, they can be mounted quite far from the thermostat, but at the same time help to adjust the operation of all systems. It is these control elements that are best used in rooms and technical areas where significant air humidity is likely. Due to the saturation of the market for thermal regulators, you must always consult with sellers and take into account your financial capabilities.

You shouldn't be too happy if the regulator comes with a heated floor. In order to save money, manufacturers thus supply not the most advanced mechanisms with limited functionality. They are only suitable for small spaces. In all other cases you will have to think carefully. It is recommended that the power exceed the maximum planned load on the heated floor by 15%, then the control system will last a long time.

An overhead thermostat can coordinate the operation of a heated floor in a house with any wall material. You will definitely have to install a special box under it. Embedded devices require grooves to be formed to help hide the wires. You will also have to drill a channel designed to secure the device box. A built-in regulator will be of no use in a wooden house.

There are also options that connect to a DIN rail. Such thermostats must be installed in electrical distribution panels. The appearance and color of regulators for heated floors, as for conventional boilers, are extremely varied. Here you should be guided only by personal taste and the recommendations of designers for a specific interior. Devices equipped with a display are divided into two subgroups: with a built-in and with a dismantled control unit.

The second type differs in that after the control structure is separated from the thermal head, it remains operational in standard mode. It is these devices that allow you to adjust the temperature according to the time of day, using preset or specially specified programs. The ease of reducing the heating intensity at times when no one is in the house is a completely positive feature. Vandal-proof thermostats are recommended to be installed in homes where there are small children. This technique, protected not only from interference with the design, but also from accidental distortion of parameters, is also useful in public places and public institutions.

Having understood the basic requirements for a thermostat, you can find out which models are suitable for solving a particular problem. The Terneo Auraton PT32 GST model is recommended for updating old heating infrastructure.

In their reviews, consumers note that this device increases the efficiency of boilers and makes their use more comfortable. The manufacturer has equipped its device with a digital temperature sensor. The engineers managed to make setting the required mode extremely simple. This mechanism is best combined with electric boilers equipped with a bimetallic relay. Speaking about PT GST, it is worth noting that this device is compatible with any boilers that require the use of dry switching contacts; The device has a GSM unit and is controlled by text messages.

Auraton 2005 is approved by experts for reducing electrical current consumption in the system. The device can be connected either wired or remotely. Automation allows you to set precise operating modes 7 days in advance. A comfortable control panel with an LCD screen helps eliminate errors. In addition to 6 preset programs, there are 3 more user-defined ones. So this model can really be considered a worthy choice.

The thermostat model “Danfoss RA 2994” can be considered a good offer., perfectly compatible with the RA-G valve from the same manufacturer. This combination allows you to service single-pipe heating systems, designed for diameters from 15 to 25 mm. Temperature regulators made in Denmark have been familiar to domestic specialists since the 1970s. And all this time they showed themselves exclusively on the positive side. The designs of the Scandinavian company are compatible with any heating boilers, regardless of the type of fuel and power used in them.

Types of thermostats

The use of thermostats in the heating system provides convenient control of room temperature and makes it possible to use energy resources economically. Every heating system must be provided with at least shut-off valves in front of the radiators.

The shut-off valve in the form of a ball valve serves not only for economy, but also for safety. If the radiator breaks down, it can be turned off without turning off the entire heating system. With only two positions (on and off), a shut-off ball valve is not the best way to regulate temperature. If you use intermediate positions of the valve, this will lead to loss of tightness of the system, since solid particles contained in the coolant will destroy the shut-off ball. A manual cone valve, which can not be completely closed, will help regulate the temperature in the system much better. This type of temperature control requires constant attention, which creates some inconvenience.

For efficient operation of the heating system, modern thermostatic valves are used, they are more often called thermostats. They allow a person to create a comfortable microclimate in the house and set the desired range of night and day air temperatures automatically. The home owner also gets the opportunity to make the cost of paying for housing and communal services optimal for himself.

In all cases, the temperature is regulated by changing the volume of coolant in the radiators. By increasing the speed of fluid flow in the radiator, we increase the temperature, and by decreasing it, we lower it.

Types of thermostats by signal transmission method

The thermostatic valve for all three types of thermostats may be the same. They differ in the control element - the thermal head.

The first to be created were thermostats that responded to the temperature of the coolant. These are first generation thermostats. These thermostats are controlled manually. On the valve head of manual thermostats there is a scale with six numbers; Turn the head to set the desired temperature. If “zero” is set, then the thermostat is completely closed, the coolant does not pass through it. With this position of the valve head, you can replace the radiator without draining the coolant from the heating circuit. “Snowflake” or “Unity” indicate the minimum coolant flow through the radiator. In this case, the radiator is disconnected from heat, but is protected from defrosting. The remaining 4 digits will allow you to adjust the air temperature within the range from 14 C to 28 C.

The manually controlled thermostat can be installed with the head vertically up or horizontally. If the head is installed horizontally, then over time it can be replaced with a thermal head with a bellows, which is mounted only horizontally towards the room.

A thermal head with a bellows will provide automatic temperature control. Bellows is a cylinder with internal corrugated walls filled with a special substance. When heated, this substance changes its state of aggregation or simply expands, while the bellows stretches and pushes out the rod that regulates the operation of the valve. The valve closes part of the pipe cross-section, reducing the flow of coolant into the radiator. When cooling, the bellows contracts, the valve retracts back, the cross-section of the pipe opens, and the flow of coolant into the heater increases. Currently, two types of bellows are produced: liquid and gas. Gas-filled ones respond very quickly to temperature changes, liquid ones respond more slowly to temperature changes. At the same time, liquid ones react more accurately to changes in pressure inside the bellows and interact better with the actuator.


If the thermal head with a bellows is installed vertically, then it enters the zone of warm air rising from the radiator. Therefore, the coolant supply will be closed earlier than if the thermal head is directed horizontally into the room.

Thus, Second generation thermostats control the room temperature themselves, controlling the coolant flow. All a person needs to do is set the desired temperature. These thermostats consist of: a temperature sensor connected to the boiler and a thermostat connected to the coolant supply pipe.

The operation of thermal heads with bellows is affected by blocking radiators with grilles or curtains. In these cases, it is better to use manual thermostats or thermal heads with remote sensors. Remote sensors measure the air temperature outside the room and send a signal to the controller. A temperature sensor installed outside reacts to weather changes. If it gets cold outside, the heating in the room automatically increases. Third generation sensors are the most effective, but they are quite expensive. Therefore, cheaper thermostats are in great demand. In one heating system, thermostats of different generations are sometimes used.

Types of thermostats by design features

Direct-acting thermostats are installed on the coolant supply pipe in front of the radiator. The temperature is regulated by simply opening and closing the coolant supply.

Types of thermostats

A two-pipe heating system uses thermostats designed in such a way that they can function normally even with frequent and sudden pressure changes. Such regulators have increased hydraulic resistance and a small flow area. They, in turn, are divided into two groups:
1) requiring additional adjustment of hydraulic resistance;
2) not requiring additional adjustment of hydraulic resistance.

When using thermostats without additional settings, all devices and heating devices mounted on the same riser will have approximately the same coolant flow, although heat losses in different rooms are different. In practice, it will look like this: if more coolant has passed through the radiator than required, then the room will be very hot, and vice versa - if not enough coolant has passed through, then the room will be cold. To prevent this from happening, the thermostat must be installed separately for each heating device.

Regulators of the first group are preferable. Correct settings on the valves will ensure optimal coolant flow and comfortable temperature conditions in each room.

Advantages of modern thermostats

Features of installing thermostats for radiators

The procedure for installing the thermostat

The work is performed in the following order:
horizontal supply pipes are cut at a certain distance from the radiator; the tap is disconnected from the radiator if it was installed previously and is cut off
pipeline;
disconnect the shanks with nuts from the thermostat valve and stopcock,
they are screwed into the plugs of the heating battery;
the assembled piping is installed in the selected location;
connect the installed piping to the horizontal supply pipes from the riser.

Installation specifics for one- and two-pipe heating systems

How to set the thermostat correctly?