Lesson on the world around. Topic: "Compass". Compass presentation What is a compass presentation

Slide 6

What is a gyrocompass?

A device indicating the direction on the earth's surface; it includes one or more gyroscopes. Almost universally used; unlike a magnetic compass, its readings are related to the direction to the true geographic (rather than magnetic) North Pole

Slide 7

What is a gyrocompass? Discovery history

The prototype of the modern gyrocompass was first created by G. Anschutz-Kampfe (patented in 1908), soon a similar device was built by E. Sperry (patented in 1911). Instruments of modern design are significantly improved in comparison with the first models; they are characterized by high accuracy and reliability and are more convenient to operate

Slide 8

The structure of the gyrocompass

The simplest gyrocompass consists of a gyroscope suspended inside a hollow ball that floats in a liquid; the weight of the ball with the gyroscope is such that its center of gravity is located on the axis of the ball in its lower part when the axis of rotation of the gyroscope is horizontal

Slide 9

The principle of operation of the gyrocompass

Slide 10

Electronic compass

Operating principle:

1. Based on signals from satellites, the coordinates of the receiver of the satellite navigation system (and, accordingly, the object) are determined
2. The moment in time at which the coordinates were determined is marked.
3. A certain time interval is expected.
4. The location of the object is redefined.
5. Based on the coordinates of two points and the size of the time interval, the vector of the movement speed is calculated and from it: the direction of movement, the speed of movement.
6. Goes to step 2.

Slide 11

Restrictions:

1. Naturally, if the object does not move, the direction of movement will not work. The exception is large enough objects (for example, airplanes), where it is possible to install 2 receivers (for example, at the ends of the wings). In this case, the coordinates of two points can be obtained immediately, even if the object is stationary, and go to step 5
2. Another limitation is due to the accuracy of determining coordinates by satellite positioning systems and affects mainly low-speed objects (pedestrians)

Slide 12

Electromagnetic compass

The electromagnetic compass is a "deployed" electric generator, in which the earth's magnetic field plays the role of a stator, and one or more frames with windings - a rotor. There are advantages over a conventional compass For a simple version of an electromagnetic compass with an indicator in the form of a galvanometer, fast movement is required, so the first application of an electromagnetic compass was found in aviation.

Slide 13

Other types of compasses

• Compass. Geodetic tool for measuring angles when shooting on the ground, the essence of a special kind of compass
• Geological (mountain) material

Slide 14

Geological (mountain) compass

Structure: It is usually mounted on a rectangular plate (brass or plastic). On the dial of the compass, divisions go from 0 ° to 360 ° in a counterclockwise direction. The designation 0 ° has the letter C at 90 ° the letter B at 180 ° the letter Y, at 270 ° the letter 3. C (north) and South (south) are located opposite the short sides of the compass The second part of the compass is a clinometer and a half-dial with divisions from 0 ° up to 90 ° in both directions. The angles of incidence of the layers are determined with a clinometer and half-limbe divisions.

Slide 15

Measurement methods.
With the help of a geological hammer, a site is cleaned on the rock, corresponding to the natural bedding of the rock. If you want to first determine the position of the strike line of the formation (at angles of incidence> 10 °), give the compass plate a vertical position. Apply the long side of the compass to the plane (natural area) of the formation so that the clinometer reads 0 °. A line is drawn along the long side of the compass plate, which indicates the direction of the strike of the formation. If you first want to determine the position of the line of incidence (at small angles of incidence of the formation), give the compass plate a vertical position. Apply the long side of the compass to the plane of the bed so that the clinometer indicates the maximum angle.

Slide 16

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What is a compass A compass is a device that makes it easier to navigate the terrain. There are three fundamentally different types of compass: magnetic compass, gyro compass, and electronic compass. A compass is a device that makes it easier to navigate the terrain. There are three fundamentally different types of compass: magnetic compass, gyro compass, and electronic compass.

History of the creation of the magnetic compass The compass was invented in China during the Song dynasty and was used to indicate the direction of travel in deserts. In Europe, the invention of the compass dates back to the XIIXIII centuries, but its design remained very simple. At the beginning of the XIV century. Italian Flavio Joya has significantly improved the compass. The compass was invented in China during the Song dynasty and was used to indicate the direction of travel in deserts. In Europe, the invention of the compass dates back to the XIIXIII centuries, but its design remained very simple. At the beginning of the XIV century. Italian Flavio Joya has significantly improved the compass.

Magnetic compass History of creation: Presumably, the compass was invented in China and was used to indicate the direction of travel in deserts. In Europe, the invention of the compass dates back to the XIIXIII centuries, but its device remained a very simple magnetic needle, fixed on a cork and lowered into a vessel with water. In the water, the cork with an arrow was oriented in the right way.

Magnetic compass The principle of operation is based on the interaction of the magnetic field of the permanent magnets of the compass with the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field. A freely rotating magnetic needle rotates around an axis, located along the lines of force of the magnetic field. Thus, the arrow always points one of its ends in the direction of the magnetic field line, which goes to the magnetic North Pole.

What is a gyrocompass? A device indicating the direction on the earth's surface; it includes one or more gyroscopes. Almost universally used; unlike a magnetic compass, its readings are related to the direction to the true geographic (rather than magnetic) North Pole

What is a gyrocompass? The history of the discovery The prototype of the modern gyrocompass was first created by G. Anschütz-Kampfe (patented in 1908), soon a similar device was built by E. Sperry (patented in 1911). Instruments of modern design are significantly improved in comparison with the first models; they are characterized by high accuracy and reliability and are more convenient to operate

What is a gyrocompass? The structure of the gyrocompass The simplest gyrocompass consists of a gyroscope suspended inside a hollow sphere that floats in a liquid; the weight of the ball with the gyroscope is such that its center of gravity is located on the axis of the ball in its lower part when the axis of rotation of the gyroscope is horizontal

Electronic compass Principle of operation: 1. Based on signals from satellites, the coordinates of the receiver of the satellite navigation system (and, accordingly, the object) are determined. 2. The moment in time at which the coordinates were determined is recorded. 3. A period of time is expected. 4. The location of the object is re-determined. 5. Based on the coordinates of the two points and the size of the time interval, the vector of the movement speed is calculated and from it: the direction of movement the speed of movement 6. Go to step 2.

Electronic compass Limitations: 1. Naturally, if the object does not move, the direction of movement will not work. The exception is large enough objects (for example, airplanes), where it is possible to install 2 receivers (for example, at the ends of the wings). In this case, the coordinates of two points can be obtained immediately, even if the object is stationary, and go to step 5 2. Another limitation is due to the accuracy of determining the coordinates of satellite positioning systems and affects mainly slow-moving objects (pedestrians)

Electromagnetic compass The electromagnetic compass is a "deployed" electric generator, in which the earth's magnetic field plays the role of a stator, and one or more frames with rotor windings. There are advantages over a conventional compass For a simple version of an electromagnetic compass with an indicator in the form of a galvanometer, fast movement is required, so the first application of an electromagnetic compass was found in aviation.

Geological (mountain) compass Construction: It is usually mounted on a rectangular plate (brass or plastic). On the dial of the compass, divisions go from 0 ° to 360 ° in a counterclockwise direction. The designation 0 ° has the letter C at 90 ° the letter B at 180 ° the letter Y, at 270 ° the letter 3. C (north) and South (south) are located opposite the short sides of the compass The second part of the compass is a clinometer and a half-dial with divisions from 0 ° to 90 ° in both directions. The angles of incidence of the layers are determined with a clinometer and half-limbe divisions

Geological (mountain) compass Measurement methods A geological hammer is used to clean an area on the rock that corresponds to the natural bedding of the rock. If you want to first determine the position of the strike line of the formation (at angles of incidence> 10 °), give the compass plate a vertical position. Apply the long side of the compass to the plane (natural area) of the formation so that the clinometer reads 0 °. A line is drawn along the long side of the compass plate, which indicates the direction of the strike of the formation. If you first want to determine the position of the line of incidence (at small angles of incidence of the formation), give the compass plate a vertical position. Apply the long side of the compass to the plane of the bed so that the clinometer shows the maximum angle 10 °), "> 10 °), give the compass plate a vertical position. Apply the long side of the compass to the plane (natural area) of the formation so that the clinometer shows 0 °. A line is drawn along the long side of the compass plate, which indicates the direction of strike of the formation. If you first want to determine the position of the dip line (at small angles of incidence of the reservoir), give the compass plate a vertical position. Apply the long side of the compass to the plane of the reservoir so that the clinometer shows the maximum angle "> 10 °)," title = "(! LANG: Geological (mountain) compass Measurement methods A geological hammer is used to clean an area corresponding to the natural bedding of the rock."> title="Geological (mountain) compass Measurement methods A geological hammer is used to clean an area on the rock that corresponds to the natural bedding of the rock. If you want to first determine the position of the formation strike line (at dip angles> 10 °),"> !}

COMPASKOMPAS (in the professional speech of seafarers:
compass) - a device that makes it easier to navigate
terrain. There are three fundamentally different
compass type: magnetic compass, gyrocompass and
electronic compass.

MAGNETIC COMPASS. STORY.

MAGNETIC COMPASS. STORY.

MAGNETIC COMPASS. STORY.

MAGNETIC COMPASS. OPERATING PRINCIPLE.

MAGNETIC COLUMN. STRUCTURE.

GYRO-COMPASS

GYRO-COMPASS. STORY.

GYRO-COMPASS. STRUCTURE.

GYROKOMAPS. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION.

ELECTRONIC COMPASS. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION.

ELECTRONIC COMPASS.

MINING COMPASS

Geological (mountain) compass

Description of the presentation for individual slides:

1 slide

Slide Description:

2 slide

Slide Description:

So what is a compass? Compass (in the professional speech of sailors: compass) is a device that facilitates orientation in the terrain. There are three fundamentally different types of compass: magnetic compass, gyro compass, and electronic compass.

3 slide

Slide Description:

Magnetic compass History of creation: Presumably, the compass was invented in China and was used to indicate the direction of travel in deserts. In Europe, the invention of the compass is attributed to the XII-XIII centuries, but its device remained very simple - a magnetic needle, fixed on a cork and lowered into a vessel with water. In the water, the cork with an arrow was oriented in the right way.

4 slide

Slide Description:

Magnetic compass The principle of operation is based on the interaction of the magnetic field of the permanent magnets of the compass with the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field. A freely rotating magnetic needle rotates around an axis, located along the lines of force of the magnetic field. Thus, the arrow always points one of its ends in the direction of the magnetic field line, which goes to the magnetic North Pole.

5 slide

Slide Description:

Magnetic compass Magnetic compass structure 1. body 2. circular scale (dial) divided by 120 divisions 3. magnetic pointer 4. sighting device (front sight and rear sight) 5. readout indicator 6. brake

6 slide

Slide Description:

What is a gyrocompass? A device indicating the direction on the earth's surface; it includes one or more gyroscopes. Almost universally used; unlike a magnetic compass, its readings are related to the direction to the true geographic (rather than magnetic) North Pole

7 slide

Slide Description:

What is a gyrocompass? History of discovery The prototype of the modern gyrocompass was first created by G. Anschutz-Kampfe (patented in 1908), soon a similar device was built by E. Sperry (patented in 1911). Instruments of modern design are significantly improved in comparison with the first models; they are characterized by high accuracy and reliability and are more convenient to operate

8 slide

Slide Description:

What is a gyrocompass? The structure of the gyrocompass The simplest gyrocompass consists of a gyroscope suspended inside a hollow sphere that floats in a liquid; the weight of the ball with the gyroscope is such that its center of gravity is located on the axis of the ball in its lower part when the axis of rotation of the gyroscope is horizontal

9 slide

Slide Description:

10 slide

Slide Description:

Electronic compass Principle of operation: 1. Based on signals from satellites, the coordinates of the receiver of the satellite navigation system (and, accordingly, the object) are determined. 2. The moment in time at which the coordinates were determined is recorded. 3. A period of time is expected. 4. The location of the object is re-determined. 5. Based on the coordinates of the two points and the size of the time interval, the vector of the movement speed is calculated and from it: the direction of movement the speed of movement 6. Go to step 2.

11 slide

Slide Description:

Electronic compass Limitations: 1. Naturally, if the object does not move, the direction of movement will not work. The exception is large enough objects (for example, airplanes), where it is possible to install 2 receivers (for example, at the ends of the wings). In this case, the coordinates of two points can be obtained immediately, even if the object is stationary, and go to step 5 2. Another limitation is due to the accuracy of determining the coordinates by satellite positioning systems and affects mainly slow-moving objects (pedestrians)

12 slide

Slide Description:

Electromagnetic compass The electromagnetic compass is a "deployed" electric generator, in which the earth's magnetic field plays the role of a stator, and one or more frames with windings - a rotor. There are advantages over a conventional compass For a simple version of an electromagnetic compass with an indicator in the form of a galvanometer, fast movement is required, so the first application of an electromagnetic compass was found in aviation.

13 slide

Slide Description:

Other types of compasses Geodetic instrument for measuring angles when surveying on the ground, the essence of a special type of compass

14 slide

Slide Description:

Geological (mountain) compass Construction: It is usually mounted on a rectangular plate (brass or plastic). On the dial of the compass, divisions go from 0 ° to 360 ° in a counterclockwise direction. The designation 0 ° has the letter C at 90 ° the letter B at 180 ° the letter Y, at 270 ° the letter 3. C (north) and South (south) are located opposite the short sides of the compass The second part of the compass is a clinometer and a half-dial with divisions from 0 ° up to 90 ° in both directions. The angles of incidence of the layers are determined with a clinometer and half-limbe divisions

15 slide

Slide Description:

Geological (mountain) compass Methods of measurement With the help of a geological hammer, an area corresponding to the natural bedding of the rock is cleaned on the rock. If you want to first determine the position of the strike line of the formation (at angles of incidence> 10 °), give the compass plate a vertical position. Apply the long side of the compass to the plane (natural area) of the formation so that the clinometer reads 0 °. A line is drawn along the long side of the compass plate, which indicates the direction of the strike of the formation. If you first want to determine the position of the line of incidence (at small angles of incidence of the formation), give the compass plate a vertical position. Apply the long side of the compass to the plane of the bed so that the clinometer shows the maximum angle

16 slide

Slide Description:

17 slide

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18 slide

Slide Description:

On the globe, there are areas in which the magnetic elements change very sharply and have values ​​that are very different from the corresponding values ​​in neighboring areas. Such areas are called areas of magnetic anomaly.

19 slide

Slide Description:

In most cases, the cause of the magnetic anomaly is the presence of large masses of magnetic iron ore under the surface of the Earth. A detailed study of the magnetic field of the Earth is a powerful tool for exploring the wealth hidden in the bowels of the Earth.