What is a painted spoon briefly. Russian wooden utensils: spoons, ladles, Khokhloma painting. Examples of berry and flower ornaments on spoons

A wooden spoon is the simplest, most colorful and widespread instrument of the Russian people. The city of Semyonov is popularly called the "spoon capital" of Russia and the famous Khokhloma painting. Game techniques:

There are a lot of tricks for playing on spoons, and if you wish, you can come up with your own. It is important to hold the spoons correctly, that is, we will talk about the performing apparatus.

In the left hand, put a spoon between the thumb and forefinger. The spoon rests in the palm of your hand, scoop down. The thumb holds the spoon on top, but does not press hard. The handle of the spoon looks out.
We insert the second spoon between the middle and ring fingers of the left hand. At the same time, we bend the index, middle and ring fingers a little, and try to place them in the scoop of this spoon. (It may not work right away.)
Now, if you straighten your fingers (except for the big one), the spoons will diverge a little, and from a sharp bend they will converge again. In this case, a characteristic spoon click will be heard. This technique is called COTTON. (He is the most difficult.)
In the right hand, we take the third spoon for half the handle and begin to play on the spoons in the left hand, composing our tricks. You will definitely succeed!

Material - wood
size: 190mm*40mm
the price is for a set (2 spoons)

Actual colors may differ from those shown on the website due to different monitor settings.

Exhibitions of Russian wooden spoons in VMDPNI. Let's take a closer look at these products. Further - photos and texts directly from the exhibition itself.

scoop spoons
Yakutia, Suntarsky ulus, p. Toybokhoi, early 20th century.
Wood, birch burl, chiselling, carving

A spoon is one of those items that accompanies a person almost from birth until the end of days. How many proverbs, beliefs are associated with it! However, how often do we think about whether it has always been the way we used to see it? ..

Spoon shaman
Yakutia, Suntarsky ulus, p. Toybokhoi, late 19th century.
Wood, chiselling, carving

We are pleased to present you an exhibition project in which we tried to show all the diversity of the familiar to us wooden spoon. Indeed, it is sometimes difficult to imagine that a ladle-scoop can reach a length of one and a half meters, and some spoons become truly magical objects, being faithful companions of a shaman.

Top down: Ladle

Burl, slotting, carving. Collection of V. B. Karpov
The spoon
Khabarovsk Territory, Nivkh masters, 2006
Wood (walnut), carving, toning. Collection of V. B. Karpov
Children's Nanai spoons
W. Doncan, 1974
Khabarovsk Territory, with. Sikachi-alyan
Wood, carving, color engraving

The spoons from the museum collection presented at the exhibition - from ladles of the 19th century to the author's spoons of the late 1960s - organically complement the collection of modern carved spoons by Viktor Borisovich Karpov, which he collected in different parts of our country. Items from it, made of different types of wood, unusually convey the beauty of the texture of natural wood.

Left: Bucket for bear meat
Didi Cherul, 1890s
Khabarovsk Territory, with. Koima. Wood, carving
On right: Tray
Didi Cherul, 1890s
Khabarovsk Territory, with. Koima
Wood, chiselling, carving, tinting
Nivkh spoons for the bear holiday
Khabarovsk Territory, der. Wow, p. Romanovka, first quarter of XX
Wood, carving, tinting
Below: The spoon
2013, acquired in Moscow
Wood (walnut), carving. Collection of V. B. Karpov

The history of making a spoon has more than one millennium. So, according to archaeological excavations, already five thousand years ago in ancient Egypt they used spoons made of stone and wood, and in Greece - special shells.

Nanai shaman's spoon
Khabarovsk Territory, 2006
Wood (alder), carving. Collection of V. B. Karpov

Spoons entered everyday use in Europe in the Middle Ages and were mostly wooden and horn. And in Russia, the spoon was already known in the 10th century, during the time of Prince Vladimir - references to this can be found in The Tale of Bygone Years. The familiar oval shape of a spoon with a long handle was especially widespread by the middle of the 18th century.

Composition of three spoons 2015, acquired in Moscow
Walnut burl, carving, toning. Collection of V.B. Karpov

For a simple peasant, a spoon was one of the few personal items, and "their" spoon was often marked in a special way. But, like many items of traditional culture, the spoon was not just a part of everyday life. She played an important role in the rituals, personifying a family member; the newlyweds were given a wooden painted spoon for the wedding; it was also a necessary attribute of some Christmas divination.

Udege spoon (yuga). Wood, carving

In addition, the spoon has become one of the favorite Russian folk musical instruments. The spoon was decorated with skillful carvings, colorful paintings, and sometimes even inlaid with mother-of-pearl or metal.

Our exhibition features more than 120 spoons from various regions of Russia - from Arkhangelsk to Yakutia. A diverse range of subjects is complemented by graphic sketches from the NIIKhP expeditions of the 1960s, as well as rare photographs and sketches from the archives of V.M. Vishnevskaya, V.A. Baradulin and others.

Top right: Souvenir scoops
Karachay-Cherkess Association of Arts and Crafts and Souvenir Production, 1977

Bottom right: Ladle
Essentuki, 2001
Mahogany (yew, driftwood), chiselling, carving, collection of V. B. Karpov
The spoon
Wood (walnut), carving Moldova, 2003, collection of V. B. Karpov
Bottom left: Composition of a ladle and three spoons
Essentuki, 2001
Sophora (Caucasian acacia), carving, collection of V.B. Karpov
Bottom left corner: snake spoon 2004, acquired in Moscow
Wood (juniper), carving, collection of V.B. Karpov
Top left from bottom to top: Decorative spoon 2000, acquired in Moscow
Mahogany, carving, collection of V. B. Karpov
scoop spoon
Wood (pink acacia), carving. Moldova, 2003, collection of V. B. Karpov
scoop spoon
Wood (cherry root), carving. Moldova, 2003, collection of V.B. Karpov

The earliest items on display are ladles made in the 19th century in the Russian North and the Volga region. Others include spoons from the Sergiev Posad region at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, including spoons by I.S. Khrustachev with scenes from the life of Sergius of Radonezh, striking with their finest miniature carvings.

Sketches of a ladle and a spoon. From the album Artistic Woodworking in Western Siberia.
A. Artemov, Moscow, NIIHP, 1972 Cardboard, watercolor, pencil.

A special place at the exhibition is occupied by decorative ladles made in the Russian style by the outstanding craftsman V.P. Vornoskov in the workshops of the village of Kudrin and A.P. Zinoviev in Talashkino.

spoons. Kazakhstan. Wood, carving, burning.

And, of course, it was impossible to do without the famous Khokhloma spoons at the exhibition, made in the Nizhny Novgorod village of Semin and the city of Semyonov, which is often called the “spoon capital”.

Left below: pouring spoon
Dagestan, p. Kumukh, early 20th century.
Wood (acacia), slotting, carving
Left center: Scoop "Gel"
G.G. Gazimagomedov, 1990, Dagestan, p. Untsukul
Wood (apricot), cupronickel, carving, notch, lacquer
Top left: Cutlery holder with spoons
G.G. Gazimagomedov, 1989, Dagestan, p. Untsukul
Wood (apricot), metal, carving, turning, notching, varnish; wood (apricot), carving, varnish

Left: Boat-shaped spoons
Dagestan, early 20th century
Wood (boxwood; mountain oak), carving, toning, graphic ligature
On right: Spoon on a long handle for stirring the festive halva - byahukh
Dagestan, p. Kuyad, first third of the 20th century.
Wood (oak), carving
Brought from the expedition of E.M. Schilling 1944

Already at the end of the 19th century, the products of local craftsmen enjoyed well-deserved success at the Nizhny Novgorod Fair. We present in this section of the exhibition the most valuable samples of the 1920s - 1960s, which rarely leave museum funds.

Among the spoons from other regions are those brought from expeditions to Dagestan in 1944-1946. the famous Caucasian ethnographer E.M. Schilling, as well as extraordinary works from the Avar village of Untsukul. It is famous for its craft of carving wood, which combines various types of arts and crafts - wood carving and jewelry. In the complex dedicated to the Far East and Yakutia, you will see Nivkh bear festival spoons and a rare shamanic spoon.

Sketch of a spoon and scoop with Khokhloma painting.
1950s - first half of the 1980s Paper, watercolor

Picture. spoons from the GIM collection. 1950s - first half of the 1980s Paper, watercolor

The collection includes decorative unpainted spoons made from various tree species.

Spoons and scoops with Khokhloma type painting
Nizhny Novgorod region, 1920s — 1960s, wood, carving, painting

For the manufacture of decorative spoons, craftsmen use wood of almost all species, except for pine and spruce. The blank for the future spoon is called "baklusha". It must be pre-dried well so that the spoon does not “lead” during manufacture. Natural drying takes up to six months, but now masters are increasingly using special ovens for this.

Artists of the artel "Khokhloma painting" M.M. Artamonov and F.F. Sirotina, 1959

The expression "beat the bucks" arose due to the fact that the initial stages of making wooden spoons - splitting chumps into bucks, trimming the bucks in the rough, were previously carried out not by a master, but by an assistant apprentice. Initially, the expression had the meaning "to do a very simple thing," and later acquired a different meaning - "to idle, to spend time idly."

spoons
Gorky region, Polkhovsky Maidan village, 1960-1970s
Wood, carving, painting, varnish

When working on a spoon, the master takes into account the type and texture of the wood. The softest and most pliable wood for processing is linden, alder, aspen, so these species are most popular with craftsmen. The structure of the wood of such spoons is monophonic and not bright.

N.G. Podogov and F.A. Bedin

Birch and oak are harder and have a pronounced beautiful structure.

Buckets
Arkhangelsk province, XIX century; Vologda province., Der. Shevelevskaya, late XIX - early XX centuries.
Wood, chiselling, carving

In fruit trees (apple, pear, plum, cherry, peach), the wood is even harder and more colorful, with a patterned structure. The pear gives the most interesting drawings on spoons, and the type of patterns depends to a large extent on the soil on which the tree grew. Masters also use “dark” wood, for example, persimmon, walnut.

Ladle
A.P. Zinoviev, 1900s
Smolensk province, Talashkino
Wood, chiselling, carving, tinting, tinting, waxing

The craftsman's skill is to "guess" the inner beauty of the wood pattern and show it in the most interesting way in the form of a finished product, which is clearly seen in the presented exhibits.

Ladle; scoop bucket
A.P. Zinoviev, 1900s
Smolensk province, Talashkino, Talashkino art workshops
Wood, copper, river stone, coins; chiselling, carving, burning, tinting, tinting, waxing, embossing

miniature buckets
V.P. Vornoskov, 1902-1910
Moscow province, Dmitrovsky district , village Kudrino
Wood, chiselling, carving, tinting, varnish

Ladle decorative
V.P. Vornoskov, 1905-1910

Wood, carving, tinting, varnish

Ladle

Moscow province., Dmitrovsky district, village. Kudrino

Comes from the collection of M.O.

Scoop bucket
V.P. Vornoskov, 1900-1905
Moscow province., Dmitrovsky district, village. Kudrino
Wood, chiselling, carving, tinting, tinting, varnish
Comes from the collection of M.O.

Scoop bucket
V.P. Vornoskov, 1902-1905
Moscow province., Dmitrovsky district, village. Kudrino
Wood, chiselling, carving, tinting, tinting, varnish
Comes from the collection of M.O.

Up: spoons
Zagorsk, 1920s
Wood, carving, painting, varnish
Down below: Spoon with handle in the shape of a dragon
Russia (?), early 20th century
Wood, carving, toning

Left: Spoon for sour cream (for the right hand)
Nizhny Novgorod province., Der. Medvedevo, 1930s
Wood, carving
On right: Scoops and spoons with bone, mother-of-pearl and beaded inserts
Nizhny Novgorod province. and the city of Sergievsky Posad, the first third of the 20th century.

fish spoons
Acquired in Moscow, 2000
Wood (oak), carving collection of V. B. Karpov

Spoons with scenes from the life of St. Sergius of Radonezh
Moscow province, Sergievsky Posad, 2nd floor 19th century - early XX centuries
Wood (cypress), carving
"St. Sergius of Radonezh"
"Appearance of Our Lady of St. Sergius"
"St. Sergius of Radonezh and the bear "(carver I. S. Khrustachev)
"St. Sergius in front of the deceased parents "

Spoons with blessing gesture
Nizhny Novgorod province., Der. Medvedevo, early 20th century
Wood, carving, inlay (beads, mother-of-pearl), tinting

Blessing gesture with spoons close up

From the album A. A. Bobrinsky “Folk Russian wooden products. Household, household and partly ecclesiastical items.

Bucket sketches
From the album "Folk woodcarving of the Yaroslavl region of the XVII-XX centuries."
L.B. Muzalevsky, 1971 Cardboard, paper, gouache, pencil
From the album "Folk decorative art from the collections of museums in Novgorod, Pskov, Uglich".
V.M. Vishnevskaya, Moscow, NIIHP, 1962 Cardboard, paper, watercolor

Near: Ladles-scoops of Kozmodemyansky type
Vologda province. (?), Volga region of the 19th century.
Wood, chiselling, carving
Comes from the collection of the Museum of Samples of the Handicraft Museum of the Moscow Provincial Zemstvo
Away: ladle
Vologda, 2005
Wood (alder), carving, tinting, collection of V.B. Karpov
Ladle
Uglich, 2009
Wood (aspen), carving, tinting, collection of V.B. Karpov

Picture. Two spoons and a salt shaker
1950s - 1980s
Paper, watercolor

Left: ladle
Vologda province. (?), 18th century (?)
Wood, chiselling, carving
On right: ladle
Vologda Province, 19th century
Wood, chiselling, carving
Comes from the collection of the Museum of Samples of the Handicraft Museum of the Moscow Provincial Zemstvo

Ladle
Russian North (?), early 20th century
Wood, chiselling, carving, coloring
Comes from MO collection

Ladle
Northern Dvina, second half of the 19th century.
Wood, chiselling, carving, painting

Down below: Spoon "Valaam", 2004
Wood (juniper), carving, collection of V. B. Karpov
Up: The spoon
Nizhny Novgorod province. (?), 1920s
Wood, carving, painting

Spoons with Pizhemsky-type painting
M.T. Chuprov, P.Ya. Myangding, 1960s
Rep. Komi, Ust-Tsilemsky district with. Tansy, der. Foreign
Wood, carving, painting

From the album A. A. Bobrinsky “Folk Russian wooden products. Household, household and partly ecclesiastical items.

The article uses materials from the exhibition "Wooden Spoon" in VMDPNI.

Painting wooden spoons for children 5-7 years old on the theme: Khokhloma

Khokhloma painting of wooden spoons and spatulas with gouache, using cotton swabs.

Tasks:
To see the features of Khokhloma painting, to get acquainted with the new composition of the pattern: depicting a rounded branch with berries; draw a pattern on a yellow background.
Exercise in turning your hands when drawing curls in different directions, consolidate the ability to use cotton swabs to draw small circles.
Learn to draw neatly, beautifully placing the drawing on a wooden form.
Develop creativity and imagination when making decorative spoons
To cultivate a caring attitude and respect for the products of people's labor.
Materials and tools: wooden blanks - a spoon and a spatula; an album, a simple pencil, an eraser, gouache paints (red, yellow, green, black, white), a jar of water; protein brushes No. 2, 4, 6; cotton buds.

Wooden crafts not only beautiful - it is an environmentally friendly material. Using wooden products is not only safe, but also beneficial for health. No wonder in Russia from time immemorial they ate from wooden dishes with wooden cutlery and were healthy until old age.
1. Draw on paper a sketch of a spoon and spatula.

Wooden spoons with patterns were in use in Russia. They could even be simply unpainted, but decorated with carvings.

Let's talk today about the technology of Khokhloma painting, as well as its analogues, that is, how you can create its likeness with your own hands.

In view of the great complexity of the original technique, which I will briefly talk about, we will think about how to paint household items “under Khokhloma”.

Khokhloma painting and Khokhloma painting are not the same thing, but completely different things. Let's talk a little about the original technique.

The complexity of the original technique

It is not so easy to create a real Khokhloma painting, it is very troublesome, the process is long. The blanks for painting are dried well in the air, and then in an oven to remove the last moisture.

First, the blanks are covered with at least two layers of primer - a liquid mixture of clay and oil. It is rubbed into the walls of the dishes, and then sent back to the drying oven. A primer is needed in order to close the pores on the wood. Next comes the leveling of the surface with sandpaper.

Now the products will not absorb moisture from the air. Khokhloma dishes will last a long time, will not crack. Now there is a drying oil coating, you need to apply 2-3 layers, each is dried for about 3 hours.

The last layer is not completely dried, it should not get your hands dirty, but at the same time remain sticky. Then the products are tinned - coated with metal powder. In the old days it was made of tin, in our time aluminum is used, since the last layer remains sticky, the powder is easily rubbed.

For painting, Khokhloma masters use brushes made from squirrel tails. With one brush, you can draw both thin and thick lines, you just need to change the pressure.

They also use a “poke” - they stamp small round berries or flowers. At the end of the work, the utensils are varnished, from which the surface acquires a golden sheen, and not silver, as at the very beginning. This is followed by a few more coatings, already colorless varnish.

Gouache painting principles

As you can see, the process is very long, complex and energy-intensive. For "home use" it can be greatly simplified.

We are able to repeat the drawing of the famous folk painting on wooden objects, but this can be done much easier. Here it is described in detail about the technique with which you can paint a tree quite simply, the technology is simple, which is accessible even to beginners. Paints can be used both gouache and acrylic.

There are now a lot of metal-like paints on store shelves, with a gold, silver or copper sheen, so let's just create a background - we'll simply draw.

Examples of berry and flower ornaments on spoons

Now let's move on to the actual Khokhloma patterns on wooden spoons. For those who want to repeat the drawings of old masters, I suggest looking at simple ornamental motifs. For the most part, they are connected with nature. Flowers, berries, leaves, curls are the main elements.

On a real original painting, the background is either left metallic, or almost completely painted over, leaving individual details, such as leaves, unpainted.

In the first examples, we cover the surface of the spoon with black paint, and then draw patterns. Large ones first, then smaller ones.

It is customary to use not many different colors, but only a few, golden ones are required, they also work in green, yellow, red colors.

For example, yellow circles can be stamped with a “poke”, if you paint piece spoons, for yourself or as a gift, then you can even make it from potatoes. Dip into the paint and apply an even circle.

Usually the contours of the drawing are not previously applied to the spoon, the whole picture is in the artist's head. Although it is excusable for us, and it is much easier to take a ready-made sample, mark it, paint it along the contours.

On spoons, as a rule, there is one golden leaf, several red fruits or flowers. A frequent pattern is mountain ash, paradise apples, strawberries or raspberries.

Spoons are painted on both sides - both convex and concave.

If we want to leave the background “with gilding”, then first we paint it with a completely appropriate metallic paint, and then draw the outlines in black, large elements with primary colors, and the nuances in the same black, as shown in the photo.

I give here examples of painting real Khokhloma spoons in order to use patterns for home art. The drawings are simple, the effect is created due to the brightness of colors, the radiance of gold.

The last examples of spoons are on a shining background of “gilding”. It’s easier for us to do this - we paint the inside with gold, mark the outlines of the pattern, paint over the background between the elements with a dark one.

Several red circles optically connect the main pattern with the background. But this can not be done - an example of this in the bottom picture.

Let's look at the general view of the spoons again. The painting goes only along the convex parts, the cuttings, as well as the ponytails, as a rule, are monophonic, more often golden, the background is red or black.

Melchior: cleaning spoons at home with soda and foil

If wooden spoons should in no case be subjected to chemical attack, as well as rubbed with abrasive substances, then with silver and cupronickel things are a little different. Here you will find a description of a simple and original way to safely clean cutlery - spoons, forks, knives - using the ingredients that almost everyone has in the kitchen.

With special paints that are designed to work with a glass or ceramic surface, you can paint dishes - glasses, plates, flowerpots, candlesticks. This technique is applicable to create stained glass pictures. Very bright translucent surfaces are obtained.

The Russian Faith website has already published a photo report by the well-known Russian thousandth blogger Anton Afanasiev a "", in which he shows and tells how, where and how the Old Believers of the Semenovsky district lived. Today Anton Afanasiev talks about the second part of the Semenov Museum, or rather about how they made (and still do, though not in such volumes) wooden spoons.

Semenov, or rather Semenovsky district, was rightfully considered and was the Russian leader in this industry, and it was not for nothing that the hero of the book by Melnikov-Pechersky made his capital on spoons. More than 2,000,000 spoons per year were produced here! In general, this craft is perfectly described in his “In the Woods”.

Wooden utensils were produced in many places: in Sergiev Posad and Kirillo-Belozersky monasteries, in Moscow, Yaroslavl, Tver, Kostroma and Kaluga lands. But the Trans-Volga, or, as it was also called, Kerzhenskaya, was especially famous.

There are a lot of types of spoons themselves and it is unlikely that anyone will be able to name this figure exactly, but in the Semenov Museum they tried to collect the maximum possible number of various spoons.

Every spoon in Russia had its own purpose and name.

A spoon for distributing Holy Communion with a cross on the handle was called a liar (this is how the ancient Russians called any spoon). At the end of the handle of the Old Believer spoon for communion, a two-finger was cut out.

A simple Russian wide spoon of medium size was called “mezheumok” (this word, by the way, meant not only a spoon, but in general everything that was something average, neither here nor there, did not belong to either one or another variety). A connoisseur of folk life, S. V. Maksimov, described the popularity of the products of Nizhny Novgorod craftsmen as follows: “They make ... a spoon of “mezheumok”, with which all Orthodox Russia breaks out steep porridge from pots and slurps cabbage soup without burning their lips.”

Burlatskaya spoon “butyrka”, the name of which, apparently, comes from the word “butyrit” - to turn over, interfere, mix, was as wide as a mezheumok, but thicker and rougher. She was considered the largest. Barge haulers wore it behind a ribbon of a hat on their forehead instead of a cockade as a kind of insignia, a "sign".

The Basque spoon, or Bosky, was long and blunt-nosed, the semi-Basque was a little rounder (the word "Basque" meant: beautiful, red, prominent, decorated).

Any sharp-nosed spoon was called nosed. Isn’t the saying about her: “A spoon is narrow, it drags three pieces: you need to part it so that it carries six!”

Folding spoons were also made in the Nizhny Novgorod province - they were the most expensive, and also dozen, or tea, mustard, cream, caviar, etc.

The very first automation in this difficult craft is a beam machine. He allowed to grind the stock handle

These are spoons with plot painting by the craftswoman E. I. Pryanichnikova from the village of Khvostikovo. 1930s.

Some of the most expensive were maple spoons, they were rarely painted, as they themselves had a very beautiful texture. The most expensive were spoons made from fruit trees.

All kinds of spoons.

The museum stand presents the production process of a wooden spoon, starting with the simplest clumsy workpiece - a “baklusha”. It took an experienced master 20 minutes. At the same time, sometimes the first stages - splitting the block into buckwheat (chocks), trimming the buckwheat in the rough - were entrusted to children, and the final ones - scraping the finished product with a knife, sanding and polishing - to women. From here, by the way, came the expression “beat the buckets”, which originally meant: to do a very simple thing, and later acquired a different meaning - to mess around, to spend time idly. When making spoons, the carver used a special spoon hatchet, rasps, chisels, an adze and a knife.

And these are stages of a semi-automatic process.

Carving training.

And here is Avdey Maslov, one of the few specialists in hand-made spoons (the author spoke about him in the article "").

Well, a few hundred-year-old photographs in the subject. Lozhkari in the Semyonovsky district.

And here is the beam machine.

spoon bazaar