Chronicle of crimes in Leningrad after the war. Is it true that in the USSR the crime level was an order of magnitude lower than now? If so, why? Drallow various creature

The truth about the tragic position in the blockade Leningrad, the authorities prefer not to advertise. During the war, the Museum of Defense and Blocade opened, the exhibits for which Leningradians themselves were collected. But in 1952, the museum was closed during the repression of the "Leningrad case". The first secretary of the Leningrad Region of the CPSU Gregory Romanov, despite the requests of Leningrad residents, did not allow the exposition of the defense of the city again. Only in 1989 the museum began to take visitors again.

I recently visited the Museum of the Defense of Leningrad and inspected the exhibition "As a reward - shooting" dedicated to the victims of the "Leningrad Cause". I managed to talk with the director of the Museum of Sergey Yuryevich Kurbanov. I was interested in the question: was the blockade of the country's leadership or in all enemies to blame?

Some modern German historians consider the blockade of Leningrad to the military crime of Germany and the Allied armies.
As a child, I read the Roman "Blockad" Alexander Chakovsky, and realized that in many ways we ourselves are to blame. Analyzing historical and literary sources, I came to the conclusion: the fact that Leningrad was in the blockade ring, not only German blitzkrieg is to blame, but also the leadership of the country that made unforgivable mistakes. The result of such errors was the death of more than a million people. Only 3% of them died from bombing and art robes; The remaining 97% died of hunger.

There was no "inviolable stock" by all the rules for ensuring the vital activity of the metropolis before the war in Leningrad there was no ".

"Our government and the Leningrad leaders threw on the arbitrariness of fate," Blocade Muse "Olga Berggolts wrote in her diary. - People die like flies, and no one takes measures against it. "

"We met the war unprepared," said the writer Daniel Granin in one of the interviews, the participant of the battle. - They moved to Leningrad at a speed of 80 km a day - an unprecedented coming rate! And we had to lose this war. And this is a miracle. "
"The city was opened ... The Germans had to enter the city. Nothing, there was no charge. Why didn't they enter? I graduated from this mystery and lived for many years. "
"By modest calculations, more than 1 million citizens died during the blockade. Marshal of Zhukov gives the figure - 1 million 200 thousand hungry deaths. "

Daniel Granin, together with Alesa Adamovich, interviewed about 200 blocks and wrote a "blockade book." But the whole truth about the blockade, as it turned out, it was impossible to disclose. It was impossible to write about the routing, about the cannibalism, to call the true number of victims. Soviet censorship proposed 65 seizures. The then secretary of the Leningrad Region of the Romanov Party, generally forbade the book.

Only after 18 years the "blockade book" was able to publish without a bill. However, there is still no complete and truthful history of the battle for Leningrad. Many data are classified. Therefore, it is useless to argue about the accuracy of numbers, you can only talk about facts.
According to official data, 671 thousand 635 people died during the blockade - these figures were presented in the Nuremberg process in 1946.

From November 20, the Leningrads began to receive the lowest rate of bread for the entire time of the blockade - 250 g along the working card and 125 g according to employees and children's. Work cards in November - December 1941 received only the third part of the population. In the Leningrad Bread Flour was 40%. The rest is cake, cellulose, malt.

The Leningrad Hydrology Engineer, who visited the first secretary of the town of A.A.zhdanov, recalls: "Was from Zhdanov for Water Affairs. I barely came, flashed from hunger ... Spring was 1942. If I saw there a lot of bread and even sausage, I would not be surprised. But there in the vase lay cupcakes. "

Daniel Granin in the book "Man is not from here" writes:
"When Ales Adamovich and I collected the material for the" blockade book ", we were repeatedly told about special soldering for Smolny:" There is a caviar, and there are crabs, ham, fish ... "- what only delicacies have not been listed.
We thoughts did not admit that among the dying from the famine citizens, among the corpses on the streets, the leaders of the city can afford a luxurious food.
Already after the release of the "blockade book", I brought photos of the confectionery shop of 1941. They assured that this is the easiest, December, hunger already hungry in Leningrad. "

In the picture: V.A.abakumov checks the baking of the "Viennese Cakes". 12.12.1941. Leningrad. Photo by A.A. Mikhailov. TASS.

The Minister of Culture Vladimir Medinsky (Doctor of Historical Sciences) on the Echo Moskvi transfer on January 31, 2014 called lies the data published by the writer, about baking Roma Bab for the city's leadership during the blockade.

Fifty years after the blockade, the situation was almost repeated. In December 1991, the main products were sold on cards (coupons), but it was difficult to overtake them.
The wife of the then mayor of St. Petersburg Anatoly Sobchak Lyudmila Nastov recalls: "The terrible winter of 1991-1992. All economic ties collapsed. I remember well how he came, wrapped his head with his hands, and said: "In the city of bread, there are two days left, and there are no flour. But the city should not know, because the city that has informed the blockade should not know this, panic will begin. " And he personally called Helmut Kolya, Francois Mittera, called the Swedam, called the British. And at night in Kronstadt, the military sailors unloaded the ships with stew, with flour, with canned food cards that the food cards were serving. "

So was the blockade of the crime or in all enemies to blame?

Comrade Stalin decided that the leaders of Leningrad were to blame and should be punished. As a result of "Leningrad Case" 1949-1950. Several dozen people from the top leadership of Leningrad were executed, over 200 received various prison sentences. After the death of Stalin, they were rehabilitated "for the absence of the composition of the crime."

In May 1945, a Russian soldier wrote on the walls of Reichstag: "Germany, we came to you so that you did not go to us."
But today, German troops are again in the Baltic States at the border of the Leningrad and Pskov region as in 1941.
Why did our grandfathers and fathers die then?!

Vladimir Ivanovich Terebilov 10 years old, from 1939 to 1949, he worked in the Prosecutor's Office of Leningrad and the region, and then in the General Prosecutor's Office. Later was the Minister of Justice and the Chairman of the Supreme Court of the USSR. The memories of our hero about the blockade years, about the work of the supervisory authorities in this is terrible for Leningrad time.

Over the years of his life, I experienced a barbed polar winter, I saw scary collapse in the mountains and in the mines, the serious consequences of air and railroad disasters, "said Terebilov. - But there were no paintings hard than the cold and hungry winter of 1941-1942.

"The old woman is mine!"

For us, prosecutors, in the early days of the war, the main operational task is to urgently complete the investigative affairs and testing materials. All are busy with the preparation of firepoints and trenches, the broken line of which runs just along the hill slope on which the building of the Pargolov Prosecutor's Office is located. The mass evacuation of the population began. Escaped by the evacuation of citizens of German and Finnish nationalities was particularly inflexible. Significant part of them is an economic and party asset of collective farms and regional institutions. Crying, requests, complaints. Many categorically refused to leave, but
Vows a harsh law of war.

The hardest situation spent the extraordinary criminal situations. Mentioned the case of the former editor-in-chief of the magazine "Rural Life of Russia", patronized by Tsearevich Alexei. It seems that his surname was Steinberg. He drew attention to the fact that, imitating a dog, Beyal evenings! Yes, ledal on the porch of his house. As it turned out, he ate the dog, but, imitating the dog Lai, apparently, wanted to hide this fact. When searching in the cast-iron, slices of the human body were found along with the aliens. This is what remained from his disappeared a few days before the maid. I did not have to interrogate the unfortunate, he died in our presence. You can only imagine the horror of the last hours of his life. Later, the relative of the deceased, her surname is Grushko, we passed several kilograms of frozen potatoes in Steinberg. Through the window I saw, as an exhausted woman, barely moving, pulled a pitiful on the sled, but at the time the valuable legacy. After all, it may be her last kidding, and maybe the last chance to survive.

Undoubtedly, hunger and dystrophy often entail serious changes in the psyche. For example, at the interrogation of Old Man V., who used the part of the corpse of the deceased wife, said: "And what's so, the old woman is mine!"

Could not wear

By the end of the winter, the position with the supply of the city has slightly improved, it began to deliver it along Ladoga. But the facts of theft happened. Here is one episode. To somehow support scientists, it was allowed to attract them to unload food. There sometimes something came out. Three, as it turned out, the engineers were not kept, they carried out and hid in the dugout three bags of flour. Here they were discovered. But how?! They dropped wear, and two were under the bags, and the third, the same as they, the distroof, did not have enough strength to free them. All three were silent quietly ... Looking at their exhaust faces, we, hiding tears, helped them get out.

It would be wrong to argue that hunger is the only reason for all offenses in the city. No, not only because of the hunger it was made and even killed. Grave crimes were investigated, and the guilty went under the trial. True, not all lived. In the chambers of the preliminary conclusion there was a minus temperature, which meant death from the cold and hunger.

Not in human

The blockade and war were not allowed to forget about themselves in the post-war years. One day, the prosecutor's office came to the prosecutor's office, a young woman demobilized from the army. I asked to return the apartment, occupied during the blockade. According to the law, the living space must be returned, but as if the seven of the blockade of the blockade of Ukraine settled in it?! Decluded the eviction, and the woman suggested to come in a month. Then he extended a delay for another 3 weeks, another two ... as it was called, the question was not solved for a long time. The woman, apparently, in his own way, regained Volokut, put me an envelope on the table, and squeezed out of the office itself. And then - the court in the case of an attempt to give a bribe to the official. At the court there were two brothers, who also passed the whole war. She was punished with imprisonment. Formally, everything is correct, and in essence - not in human, not conscientious. You have to wear this sin on the soul.

A few months passed, and again a similar episode. The old man came, asks to let go of his son, who was attracted for a small theft. I promised to talk with the investigator. The old man leaving, left near the door of a bundle. He was detained and brought back. The coat was a small amount of money, cereals, vodka. What to do? The old man says: it's in the sign "Gratitude". She ordered the old man to let go, the cooler returned. For goodbye threatened him with all possible karas, but his son was still free to court.

Michael Dorfman.

This year was 70 years since the beginning of the 872-day blockade of Leningrad. Leningrad survived, but for the Soviet leadership it was Pierry Victory. It was preferred for not writing about her, but what was written is empty and formally. Later, the blockade was included in the heroic heritage of military glory. The blockade began to talk a lot, but we can learn the whole truth only now. But do you want?

"Leningrads lie here. Here the townspeople are men, women, children. Next to them soldiers-redarmeys. "

Bread card blockade

In Soviet times, I got to the Piskarevsky cemetery. I led me there Rosa Anatolyevna, the girl survived the blockade. She brought in the cemetery not flowers as accepted, but slices of bread. In the worst winter season of 1941-42 (the temperature fell below 30 degrees) was issued 250 g of bread per day to a physical labor worker and 150 g - three thin slice - to everyone else. This bread gave me much more understanding than the except explanations of the guides, official speeches, films, even unusually modest for the USSR statue of the Mother Motherland. After the war there was a wasteland. Only in 1960 the authorities opened a memorial. And only recently there were nameplates with names, trees began to plant around the graves. Rosa Anatolyevna then drove me to the former Front line. I was horrified as the front was close - in the city itself.

On September 8, 1941, German troops broke through the defense and reached the suburbs of Leningrad. Hitler and his generals decided not to take the city, but to learn its inhabitants by the blockade. It was part of the criminal Nazi plan to learn hunger and destroy "useless mouths" - the Slavic population of Eastern Europe - to clear the "living space" for the millennial Reich. Aviation was ordered to challenge the city with Earth. They could not do this, as not managed by carpet bombing and fiery Holocaust allies to demolish German cities from the face. How failed to win a single war with the help of aviation. This should be thought of to all those who dreamed of winning every time, without stepping on the enemy's Earth.

Three-quarters of a million citizens died from hunger and cold. It is from a quarter to a third of the locomient population of the city. This is the largest extinction of the population of the modern city in the newest history. For about a million Soviet soldiers who died on the fronts around Leningrad, which was mainly in 1941-42 and in 1944, should be added to the score of the victims.

The blockade of Leningrad became one of the largest and most crucial warmns, an epic tragedy, comparable to the Holocaust. Outside the USSR, they almost did not know about her and did not speak. Why? Firstly, Leningrad's blockade did not fit into the myth of the eastern front with vast snowy fields, general in winter and desperate Russians, the crowd of her German machine guns. Up to the wonderful book Anthony Biver about Stalingrad, it was a picture, the myth, established in the Western consciousness, in books and films. The main ones were considered much less significant allies in North Africa and Italy.

Secondly, the Soviet authorities reluctantly spoke about the blockade of Leningrad. The city survived, but remained very unpleasant questions. Why is such a huge number of victims? Why did the German armies come out to the city so quickly, advanced so far deep into the USSR? Why was the mass evacuation been organized before the blockade ring closed? After all, the German and Finnish troops needed long three months to close the blockade ring. Why did not have adequate food reserves? The Germans surrounded Leningrad in September 1941. The head of the party organization of the city of Andrei Zhdanov and the commander of the front Marshal Clement Voroshilov, fearing that they were accused of panicity and in disbelief in the strength of the Red Army, abandoned the proposal of the Chairman of the Committee for the Food and Block Suppliation of the RKKKA Anastas Mikoyan to provide a city in fact The city survived a long siege. In Leningrad, a propaganda campaign was deployed, implanting "rats", running from the city of three revolutions instead of defending it. Tens of thousands of citizens were mobilized for defense work, they dug trenches, which soon found themselves in the enemy's rear.

After the war, Stalin was least interested in discussing these topics. Yes, and Leningrad he obviously did not like. No city was cleaned as I cleaned Leningrad, before the war and after it. The Leningrad Writers collapsed repression. Leningrad Patorganization was defeated. He led by the defeat of Georgy Malenkov shouted to the hall: "Only enemies could need a myth about the blockade to bring the role of the Great Leader!". From the libraries were withdrawn hundreds of books about the blockade. Some, as the story of the faith of Inbera, - for the "distorted picture that is not taking into account the life of the country", others - "for the underestimation of the leading role of the party", and most - for the fact that there were the names of the arrested Leningradists Alexei Kuznetsov, Peter Popkov and others Smeast in the Leningrad Case. However, and they lies the proportion of guilt. The "Heroic Defense of Leningrad" Museum was closed (with a bunny model, issued 125-gram bread solders for adults). Many documents and unique exhibits were destroyed. Some, like the diaries of Tanya Savicheva, museum employees were saved by a miracle.

The director of the museum Lion Lvovich Rakov was arrested and accused of "collecting weapons to conduct terrorist acts when Stalin arrives in Leningrad." It was about the museum collection of trophy German weapons. For him it was not the first. In 1936 he, then an Hermitage officer, arrested for the collection of noble clothing. Then the "propaganda of a noble lifestyle" was also sewed to terrorism.

"All life, they defended you, Leningrad, the cradle of the revolution."

In Brezhnev times, the blockade rehabilitated. However, they did not tell the whole truth, and they gave a strongly cleaned and heroisanized history, as part of the Susan Mythology of the Great Patriotic War. According to this version, people died from hunger, but somehow quietly and carefully, bringing themselves to victory, with the only desire to defend the "Cradle of the Revolution". No one complained, did not shy away from work, did not steal, did not manipulate the card system, did not take bribes, did not kill the neighbors to take possession of their product cards. There was no crime in the city, there was no black market. No one died in the terrible epidemics of dysentery, mowing Leningraders. This is not so aesthetically. And, of course, no one was waiting for the Germans to win.

The inhabitants of the Blocade Leningrad are gaining water, which appeared after the art printing in the platforms in the asphalt on Nevsky Prospect, B. P. Kudoyarov, December 1941

Taba was imposed on the discussion of the incompetence and cruelty of the Soviet authorities. Numerous miscarriages, self-employment, negligence and duty of army ranks and party apparatuses, theft of food, a deadly chaos, who reigned on the ice "road of life" through the Lake Lake was not discussed. Silence were enveloped political repression, which did not stop a single day. Honest, innocent, dying and starving people gabists fiber in the crosses, so that they could die there. In front of the nose of the coming Germans in the city, arrests, executions and expulsions of tens of thousands of people did not stop. Instead of organized evacuation of the population, from the city to the very closure of the blockade rings, the compositions were leaving with prisoners.

The poetess Olga Bergolts, whose poems carved at the memorial of the Piskarevsky cemetery, we took as the epigraphs, became the voice of a blockade Leningrad. Even this did not save her an elderly father-doctor from arrest and expulsion to Western Siberia right under the nose of the coming Germans. All his fault was that Bergolets were Russified Germans. People were arrested only for nationality, religious affiliation or social origin. Once again, the gabists went to the addresses of the book "The entire Petersburg" of 1913, in the hope that someone else survived on old addresses.

In the post-Thawal time, the whole horror of the blockade was safely reduced to several symbols - bourgear stoves and homemade lamps, when the utilities ceased to function, to the children's sleds, which were dripped into the morgue of the Deads. Bourgeisters became an indispensable attribute of films, books and paintings by Leningrad. But, according to the testimony of Rosa Anatolyevna, the scary winter of 1942 was a luxury: "No one had the opportunity to get a barrel, a pipe or cement, and then did not have the strength ... all the bourgeois was only in the same apartment, Where did the Raykomovsky supplier lived. "

"Their names of the noble we can not be listed here."

With the fall of the Soviet rule, the real picture began to open. An open access appears more and more documents. Much appeared on the Internet. Documents in all its glory show the rot and lie to the Soviet bureaucracy, her self-harvesting, interdepartmental gnawing, attempts to dump blame on others, and the merit is to write themselves, hypocritical euphemisms (hunger is not hunger, and dystrophy, exhaustion, nutrition problems).

Sacrifice of "Leningrad Disease"

It is necessary to agree with Anna Reed that it is the children of the blockadenikov, those who are in 60 today, are most jealistic to defend the Soviet version of history. The blockade themselves were much less romantic in relation to the experienced. The problem was that they survived so impossible reality that they doubted that they would listen.

"But know, listening to these stones: no one is forgotten and nothing is forgotten."

Created two years ago, the Commission on Combating the Falsification of History still turned out to be only another propaganda campaign. Historical research in Russia is not yet experiencing external censorship. There are no forbidden topics associated with Leningrad blockade. Anna Reed says that there are quite few cases in Paratarhiva, which is limited to researchers. Mostly it's about collaborators in the occupied territory and deserters. Petersburg researchers are much more concerned about chronic lack of financing and emigration of the best students west.

Outside universities and research institutes, the Soviet Soviet version remains almost untouched. Anna Reed was struck by the attitude of her young Russian employees with whom she disassembled cases of bribery in the bread distribution system. "I thought that during the war, people behaved differently," her employee told her. "Now I see that everywhere is the same." The book critically refers to Soviet power. Undoubtedly, there were miscalculations, mistakes and candid crimes. However, maybe without unshakable cruelty of the Soviet system, Leningrad could not stand, and the war could have been played.

Liberate Leningrad. Blockade removed, 1944

Now Leningrad is called St. Petersburg again. Footprints of the blockade are visible, despite palaces and cathedrals restored in Soviet times, despite the post-Soviet renovations. "There is nothing surprising that the Russians are tied to the heroic version of their history," said Anna Reed in an interview. - Our stories about the "Battle of Britain" also do not like to remember the collaborators in the occupied Norman Islands, about mass robbery during German bombardments, about the intercourse of Jewish refugees and anti-fascists. Nevertheless, sincere respect for the memory of the victims of the Blockade of Leningrad, where every third died, means the truthful story of their history. "

Leningrad. 1943. December 26th. / TASS /.The fight against crime acquired a special sharpness in the city, all the forces of which were thrown on the resistance to the Nazis. In Leningrad, closed in the ring of the blockade, the crime had its own specificity: there were no nagging bandits - only "their own." Leningrad Militia, who knew the reporting contingent well, coped with them quite quickly. However, the more complex was different, characteristic of military time, the task is to identify and neutralize enemy geasers.

In the recent days of December 1943, military. Corr. Lentass reported the capture of two spies: "A group of border guards, headed by Senior Lieutenant, Schifrin costs its plot. One of the fighters led to the leash, the Alpa's office dog. The path of border guards lay past one building, standing away from the road. There was never a military before. And now the border guards noticed that the entrance to the building was clockwise. It was dressed in full military uniform, armed with automatic and grenades. Senior Lieutenant Sifrin It seemed suspicious. Seeing the approach of border guards, the "watch" was nervous, grabbed the weapon and wanted to apply it without any warning. Acting skillfully and decisively, the fighters disarmed the "watch". He tried to run, but was quickly overtaken by a dog Alps.

Escape of the imaginary "watch" did not distract the attention of the border guards from the building. The fighters observed at home, noticed how the opposite exit ran a man in the form of a serviceman. A few minutes later he was also caught. Both detainees are "watch" and his partner for the crime turned out to be enemy gangsters. "

A few days earlier, the newspaper wrote about how vigilance was the police officer: "The district authorized police department of the junior lieutenant A. Savelyev, checking the documents of the tenants of one of the apartments, discovered the hidden man. When attempting to delay his unknown persistence helped; On the street he rushed to run. After the warning of Tov. Shot of a shot from the revolver wounded unknown to the leg.

The detainee turned out to be an enemy crook, which missed the front line. The police department of Leningrad declared Tov. Assolely thanks for the manifested vigilance. "

The structure and objectives of the internal affairs bodies during the Great Patriotic War

During the Great Patriotic War, the system of internal affairs bodies has undergone some changes. In February 1941, the NKVD from the NKVD was allocated a People's Commissariat of State Security of the USSR, but in July 1943 - again merged with the NKVD of the USSR. In April 1943, the NKVD was divided into three departments: the NKVD of the USSR, the People's Security People's Commissariat (NKGB) and the Office of RCC Counterintelligence (Smered).

In Leningrad, the militia authorities were entrusted with the tasks caused by the requirements of military time: participation in the internal defense of the city and the organization of anti-infrastructure defense, ensuring the evacuation of the population, the device of children who lost their parents / almost all police departments in the blockade Leningrad had their own pleasant children's homes / fighting Deserters, panickers, propagants of provocative rumors, assisting other units of the NKVD in identifying enemy agents and provocateurs, the fight against the embezzlement.

Police officers in Leningrad. 1942
With the beginning of the war, the amount of militia work has grown many times. In the first months, when the evacuation of enterprises, museums, cultural values, scientific and industrial equipment was, it was important to follow this process to prevent theft. Police also participated in the purification of the city, and in the first months of the war - in the hiding monuments, including the famous horses of Klodt, surpassed in Anichkovoy Garden. Since the winter of 1941, militiamen had to closely follow the "copper rider" - a monument to the founder of the city was closed by boards, and citizens who dealt on firewood all the lightweight wooden structures, stored to use for heating and the shelter of the famous monument.

Copper rider in protective forests during the Leningrad blockade
Police needed to protect the citizens and from the gangster communities that appeared. In a closed space, Leningrad police officers quickly revealed crimes, so there was no long-acting gang in the city, as well as numerous criminal communities - they were mainly groups of 2-3 people. Single gangsters also met.

From the certificate of the head of the UNKVD LO dated October 1, 1942

According to the NKVD, it is known that the fascist intelligence in their intelligence schools located in the territory of the Baltic republics and in the occupied areas of our region is preparing a significant number of scouts, intending to throw them into the rear of the Leningrad Front.

REFERENCE

In the 1940s, the Leningrad NKVD Office was located next to the Hermitage - on Uritsky Square (Palace), occupying former premises of the Tsarist Ministry of the Interior.

On June 22, 1941, the number of police officers in Leningrad was 13,508 people.

In December 1941, after most of the police officers were called to the front, 5,600 people remained as part of the Office. Among them were many women.

1236 Leningrad policemen died in a blockade from hunger, diseases, with art prints and when performing their official debt. The policeman in the blockade Leningrad received paks on the work card.

On the criminal activity of speculative predatory elements during the period of the Patriotic War of 1941-1945 In the city of Leningrad

From the report of the Deputy Head of the Police Department of the City of Leningrad Tov. Dryazgova

The criminal element - the currencies during the Patriotic War conducted their criminal activities actively. The currency-speculative organized group of 15 people of active currency engaged in the buying diamonds, currency, gold coins of royal chasing, gold of household and in the ingots are opened and eliminated. Speculative predatory elements using a heavy food position during the blockade period and having at their disposal a significant amount of food, in broad sizes in 1942-43, the Maraudersian exchange of food products on the products of industry and values \u200b\u200bwas used. Three kilograms of bread speculators predators exchanged on the piano, a good male costume was obtained for a kilogram of bread, etc.

The activities of the organizations involved in trade, supply and distribution of food were also the subject of the closest attention of law enforcement agencies.

From the certificate of the head of the UNKVD LO in the CPSU GC (b) on the number of arrested and expelled during the war (October 1, 1942)

The Office of the NKVD LO during the Patriotic War was arrested by 9574 people, including 1246 spies and saboteurs sent by the enemy.

625 counter-revolutionary groups and formations are opened and liquidated, of which:

• spyware - 169
• terrorist - 31.
• rebel - 34.
• nationalist - 26.
• church-sectarian - 7
• Among the arrested:
• former fists, merchants, landowners, nobles and officials - 1238
• declassified element - 1243
• workers - 2070.
• employees - 2100.
• intelligentsia - 559.
• collective farmers - 1061.
• soles - 258.
• others - 1045.

The number of recycling thiefs, due to the systematic cleaning of the city from the criminal element, was completely reduced.

Militia organs were arrested and a court of 22,166 people, including: for banditism and robbery - 940.

Money and products from precious metals, seized by criminals in criminals in blockade Leningrad
The greatest risk was the appearance of fake cards, so every two weeks were changed in them - the bow, the pattern, the design of the mesh, etc. This guaranteed that such fakes are not made in the German rear - with such a frequent change of the appearance of the card, the enemy simply could not physically could have time to rebuild the work of their printing houses so quickly. Therefore, in the archives of the Leningrad militia, references to the facts of throwing into Leningrad fake cards printed by the Germans are not.

Food and products made of precious metals, seized by criminals in criminals in blockade Leningrad
The power of the police was guarded and the road of life. Its official name was - N101 NKVD NKVD USSR.

In the report on the work of the consolidated division of the police department, during the Vad dated March 24, 1942, it was said that the focus of the police was drawn to ensuring uninterrupted traffic on the roads, tied Leningrad with the shore of Lake Ladoga and leading to the northeastern regions of the Leningrad region.

Security duty on the road of life
The challenges of the consolidated detachment were the fight against food cargo, ensuring uninterrupted movement on the highway, the prevention of accidents and the struggle with the amelessly downtime, as well as technical control over the state of vehicles.

The consolidated squad included employees of the traffic police and operational investigative divisions. He shared on operational inspection groups located on the lines of the track and in places where the most likely theft of cargo - in the loading and unloading bases and parking lots of motor vehicles. For the embezzlement of goods on the road of life, the police detained 586 servicemen and 232 civilians. The detainees were seized and found 33.4 tons of food.

Things seized by criminals in criminals in blockade Leningrad
At the beginning of the work of WAD, due to the weak organization of movement in its separate areas, traffic jams arose, which caused the amelessly downtime of motor vehicles. The poor condition of the vehicles and non-compliance with the drivers of elementary rules of movement in winter conditions led to the fact that the first time a large number of cars were shot dead in the ditches, on the roadside and in ice cracks; Drivers threw such cars unattended. Auto inspection groups cleaned these cars and passed them to auto-battles. By December 26, 1941, the congestion were mainly eliminated, the movement was ordered that largely contributed to an increase in the bandwidth of the track.

Fighting Crime in Blocade Leningrad

Leningrad. 1943. December 26th. / Thassa/. Baby with crime acquired special sharpness in the city, all the forces of which were thrown on the resistance to the Nazis. In Leningrad, closed in the ring of the blockade, the crime had its own specificity: there were no nagging bandits - only "their own." Leningrad Militia, who knew the reporting contingent well, coped with them quite quickly. However, the more complex was different, characteristic of military time, the task is to identify and neutralize enemy geasers.
In the recent days of December 1943, military. Corr. Lentass reported the capture of two spies: "A group of border guards, headed by Senior Lieutenant, Cipherin caught his site. One of the fighters led to the leash, the Alpa's office dog. The path of border guards lay past one building, standing away from the road. There was never a military before. And now the border guards noticed that the entrance to the building was clockwise. It was dressed in full military uniform, armed with automatic and grenades. Senior Lieutenant Sifrin It seemed suspicious. Seeing the approach of border guards, the "watch" was nervous, grabbed the weapon and wanted to apply it without any warning. Acting skillfully and decisively, the fighters disarmed the "watch". He tried to run, but was quickly overtaken by a dog Alps.
Escape of the imaginary "watch" did not distract the attention of the border guards from the building. The fighters observed at home, noticed how the opposite exit ran a man in the form of a serviceman. A few minutes later he was also caught. Both detainees are "watch" and his partner for the crime turned out to be enemy gangsters. "
A few days earlier, the newspaper wrote about how vigilance was the police officer: "The district authorized police department junior lieutenant A.Savelyev, checking the tenants of the tenants of one of the apartments, found a hidden person. When attempting to delay his unknown persistence helped; On the street he rushed to run. After the warning of Tov. Shot of a shot from the revolver wounded unknown to the leg.
The detainee turned out to be an enemy crook, which missed the front line. The police department of Leningrad declared Tov. Assolely thanks for the manifested vigilance. "

The structure and objectives of the internal affairs bodies during the Great Patriotic War
During the Great Patriotic War, the system of internal affairs bodies has undergone some changes. In February 1941, the NKVD from the NKVD was allocated a People's Commissariat of State Security of the USSR, but in July 1943 - again merged with the NKVD of the USSR. In April 1943, the NKVD was divided into three departments: the NKVD of the USSR, the People's Security People's Commissariat (NKGB) and the Office of RCC Counterintelligence (Smered).
In Leningrad, the militia authorities were entrusted with the tasks caused by the requirements of military time: participation in the internal defense of the city and the organization of anti-infrastructure defense, ensuring the evacuation of the population, the device of children who lost their parents / almost all police departments in the blockade Leningrad had their own pleasant children's homes / fighting Deserters, panickers, propagants of provocative rumors, assisting other units of the NKVD in identifying enemy agents and provocateurs, the fight against the embezzlement.

The governing staff of the Leningrad police during the blockade. Sit (left to right): E.S.Grushko, I.A. Aversains, M.P.Nazarov. Stand (left to right): A.S.Dryazgov, P.V. Petrovsky. 1942

In the city, as can be seen from the information messages of that time, training fees were held regularly by the Leningrad City Military Police. Periodically, police officers received a new briefing, how to recognize spies and enemy agents. Everything was taken into account - for example, from time to time orders were published, prescribed to change the order of wearing orders, and at the location of the awards on the Mundir, police officers during patrolling and verification of documents could reveal those who wore these awards illegal.

Police officers in Leningrad. 1942

With the beginning of the war, the amount of militia work has grown many times. In the first months, when the evacuation of enterprises, museums, cultural values, scientific and industrial equipment was, it was important to follow this process to prevent theft. Police also participated in the purification of the city, and in the first months of the war - in the hiding monuments, including the famous horses of Klodt, surpassed in Anichkovoy Garden. Since the winter of 1941, militiamen had to closely follow the "copper rider" - a monument to the founder of the city was closed by boards, and citizens who dealt on firewood all the lightweight wooden structures, stored to use for heating and the shelter of the famous monument.

Copper rider in protective forests during the Leningrad blockade

Police needed to protect the citizens and from the gangster communities that appeared. In a closed space, Leningrad police officers quickly revealed crimes, so there was no long-acting gang in the city, as well as numerous criminal communities - they were mainly groups of 2-3 people. Single gangsters also met.

From the certificate of the head of the UNKVD LO dated October 1, 1942

According to the NKVD, it is known that the fascist intelligence in their intelligence schools located in the territory of the Baltic republics and in the occupied areas of our region is preparing a significant number of scouts, intending to throw them into the rear of the Leningrad Front.

One of the common kinds of crimes was theft. Theft in the blockade Leningrad was two species: domestic, when the neighbors crawled the property of neighbors, including the fraudous, and the criminal, in which whole gangs were involved. Among the detainees for theft was a lot of employees of the sphere of housing and communal services. It happened, for example, that the unscrupulous manager robbed all the house entrusted to him, and the wipers came across the apartment theft. They attacked the apartments of citizens not only the piles of thieves-criminals, but also groups of adolescents, among whom the boys and girls met.

REFERENCE

In the 1940s, the Leningrad NKVD Office was located next to the Hermitage - on Uritsky Square (Palace), occupying former premises of the Tsarist Ministry of the Interior.

In December 1941, after most of the police officers were called to the front, 5,600 people remained as part of the Office. Among them were many women.

1236 Leningrad policemen died in a blockade from hunger, diseases, with art prints and when performing their official debt. The policeman in the blockade Leningrad received paks on the work card.

Crime intensified under the conditions of a catastrophic lack of food, especially after the fourth decrease in the breadpord. In November 1941, a wave of terrible killings on the ground was rolled around the city. Some people were so desperate that they had completely lost control of themselves, and as a result, materials came to the police on those who didn't even know the war, where the closest site was located - the parents killed children, adult children - the elderly parents, neighbors are neighbors. In December, the first facts of cannibalism are mentioned in criminal materials. The corresponding article in the Criminal Code of the RSFSR was not provided, so such manifestations were often qualified as banditry. Police statistics show that by the spring of 1942, these phenomena almost completely stopped - food regulations added in the city, and people came to themselves. In general, as noted by researchers, such facts were part of a single character, and for the most part, people remained at the height of the situation.

On the criminal activity of speculative predatory elements during the period of the Patriotic War of 1941-1945 In the city of Leningrad

From the report of the Deputy Head of the Police Department of the City of Leningrad Tov. Dryazgova

The criminal element - the currencies during the Patriotic War conducted their criminal activities actively. The currency-speculative organized group of 15 people of active currency engaged in the buying diamonds, currency, gold coins of royal chasing, gold of household and in the ingots are opened and eliminated. Speculative predatory elements using a heavy food position during the blockade period and having at their disposal a significant amount of food, in broad sizes in 1942-43, the Maraudersian exchange of food products on the products of industry and values \u200b\u200bwas used. Three kilograms of bread speculators predators exchanged on the piano, a good male costume was obtained for a kilogram of bread, etc.

Crimes related to food mining in Blocade Leningrad were frequent phenomenon. In January 1942, the facts of attacks on the shops of the Prodratgs Management Systems were frequent: from a report note filed during this period, the head of the management of Leningrad P. Popkovo, it follows that only in two weeks there was about a dozen raids and robbery. For shopping and workers of trade, a group of criminals who kidnapped bread and other food were attacked. There were also facts when individual citizens, having gathered groups, cleaned bread during deliveries from bakery on bakery on sleds and trolleys. The entire police apparatus was mobilized to prevent such crimes. Operational outfits included bakery and food shops on their paths; At night, separate transportation was accompanied by a police.

The activities of the organizations involved in trade, supply and distribution of food were also the subject of the closest attention of law enforcement agencies.

From the certificate of the head of the UNKVD LO in the CPSU GC (b) on the number of arrested and expelled during the war (October 1, 1942)

The Office of the NKVD LO during the Patriotic War was arrested by 9574 people, including 1246 spies and saboteurs sent by the enemy.

625 counter-revolutionary groups and formations are opened and liquidated, of which:

• spyware - 169


• terrorist - 31.


• rebel - 34.


• nationalist - 26.


• church-sectarian - 7


• Among the arrested:


• former fists, merchants, landowners, nobles and officials - 1238


• declassified element - 1243


• workers - 2070.


• employees - 2100.


• intelligentsia - 559.


• collective farmers - 1061.


• soles - 258.


• others - 1045.

The number of recycling thiefs, due to the systematic cleaning of the city from the criminal element, was completely reduced.

Militia organs were arrested and a court of 22,166 people, including: for banditism and robbery - 940.

During the war years, there has been a huge increase in crimes related to fake documents. Fake money was not printed, because the money almost did not have the values, there was nothing in stores on them, and the merchants of the Black Market, buying and "attackers" easily recognized fakes. But fake food cards, coupons, as well as a variety of documents that gave the liberation from military and labor service, "linden" certificates about health care were active in demand, and huge money paid for them.

Money and products from precious metals, seized by criminals in criminals in blockade Leningrad

The greatest risk was the appearance of fake cards, so every two weeks were changed in them - the bow, the pattern, the design of the mesh, etc. This guaranteed that such fakes are not made in the German rear - with such a frequent change of the appearance of the card, the enemy simply could not physically could have time to rebuild the work of their printing houses so quickly. Therefore, in the archives of the Leningrad militia, references to the facts of throwing into Leningrad fake cards printed by the Germans are not.

Food and products made of precious metals, seized by criminals in criminals in blockade Leningrad

The power of the police was guarded and the road of life. Its official name was - N101 NKVD NKVD USSR.

In the report on the work of the consolidated division of the police department, during the Vad dated March 24, 1942, it was said that the focus of the police was drawn to ensuring uninterrupted traffic on the roads, tied Leningrad with the shore of Lake Ladoga and leading to the northeastern regions of the Leningrad region.

Security duty on the road of life

The challenges of the consolidated detachment were the fight against food cargo, ensuring uninterrupted movement on the highway, the prevention of accidents and the struggle with the amelessly downtime, as well as technical control over the state of vehicles.

The consolidated squad included employees of the traffic police and operational investigative divisions. He shared on operational inspection groups located on the lines of the track and in places where the most likely theft of cargo - in the loading and unloading bases and parking lots of motor vehicles. For the embezzlement of goods on the road of life, the police detained 586 servicemen and 232 civilians. The detainees were seized and found 33.4 tons of food.

Things seized by criminals in criminals in blockade Leningrad

At the beginning of the work of WAD, due to the weak organization of movement in its separate areas, traffic jams arose, which caused the amelessly downtime of motor vehicles. The poor condition of the vehicles and non-compliance with the drivers of elementary rules of movement in winter conditions led to the fact that the first time a large number of cars were shot dead in the ditches, on the roadside and in ice cracks; Drivers threw such cars unattended. Auto inspection groups cleaned these cars and passed them to auto-battles. By December 26, 1941, the congestion were mainly eliminated, the movement was ordered that largely contributed to an increase in the bandwidth of the track.