What tree is the best lumber. What kind of wood is the best lumber Exotic woods

Wood has long been known to mankind as one of the best building materials. Its characteristics allow it to be used in many areas of the national economy. This material is reliable, durable, endowed with aesthetic qualities. Also, wood is famous for its environmental friendliness. Therefore, its scope is very wide. Various lumber is created from wood, what is their purpose should be considered in more detail. A variety of types of such products makes it possible to use them on a variety of objects.

general characteristics

Today there are a huge number of different types of lumber. They are obtained by cutting along the fibers. Proper processing requires all lumber. GOST 8486-86 and 2695-83 are the main ones in the production of such products. However, this industry is regulated by many other standards. Their implementation is a necessary condition in the process of creating high-quality products.

In addition to its positive qualities, wood is also known for its shortcomings. It is subject to various destructions, decay, vital processes of insects and microorganisms. Also, this material can be deformed under the influence of environmental conditions. To avoid all these troubles, proper handling is required. To understand what lumber is, you need to familiarize yourself with the conditions for their preparation for processing.

Applicable breeds

Each has its own special properties. Both coniferous and deciduous varieties are used. Their cost depends on the inherent characteristics of the material.

Pine is considered one of the inexpensive ones. This material contains a large amount of resins. Therefore, it is not used at elevated ambient temperatures. Also, the strength characteristics of pine are quite low.

Larch has good resistance to fungus, microorganisms and insects. She is not afraid of moisture. It is actively used in almost all areas of construction.

Oak is famous for its beautiful texture. It is very durable, which makes it popular in construction and decoration. Ash is resistant to mechanical stress due to its elasticity. This type of wood, like birch, is easy to process. Therefore, various elements are made from it, even at home.

The properties of each type of material must be taken into account during processing.

Degree of processing

Before cutting, the wood is subjected to additional preparation. It is dried to a certain level. This depends on the scope of its application. If the moisture content of the wood after processing does not exceed 10%, it is dry lumber. Parquet, shields, etc. are made from it.

The universal material is dried up to 11-15% wood. Floor boards, platbands, skirting boards, etc. are made from it. If the material is characterized by a moisture level of 18%, it is used for exterior decoration, arranging the truss system, etc.

The drying process is carried out in natural conditions or in a chamber at elevated temperatures. Each of these processes requires the correct execution of each operation.

Processing method

There are two main ways to cut logs. It can be radial or tangential. In the first case, the incision runs towards the center of the growth rings. In this case, the bars are obtained in different sizes. Their width is limited by the diameter of the tree itself.

The tangential section is directed tangentially relative to the growth rings. This allows you to get at the output a lot of fragments of identical section shape and size.

All hardwood and softwood lumber is divided into unedged, planed or edged. In the first case, there are untreated zones on the product, which are only freed from bark and knots.

Edged materials have a saw cut parallel to each other. This is a rectangular product. Planed products from at least one surface do not have roughness. They are scruffy.

Cut type

According to the shape that the product acquires after processing, several types of lumber are distinguished. The area of application depends on their dimensions. Features of the form have both softwood sawn timber and hardwood.

The first in the presented classification is a beam. Its thickness exceeds 100 mm. This is one of the most sought after lumber. Boards, on the contrary, are limited in thickness. This characteristic does not exceed 100 mm.

The bar has a thickness of not more than 100 mm. But for this product, another parameter is important. Its width must be less than twice the thickness.

Obapol has a saw cut on one side only. The width may vary. Also recently, for decorative purposes, such a type of lumber as slab has begun to be used. This is an intermediate option between the obapole and the board. It has only one flat plane. On the other hand, its surface is untreated and has a regular semicircular shape. Also, various types of sawing include lining, block house, planken and logs.

Varieties of cutting lumber

When studying what lumber is, one cannot but pay attention to the purpose of each variety. The beam can be glued, ordinary, window or imitated. There are wane products related to this type. Their cross section is at least 120 x 120 mm. They have a cut at the thin end. It is not less than 1/3 of the side of the beam.

The board is floor, deck, terraced. For each application, it is treated accordingly.

The bar can be ordinary or planed. The rest of the lumber differ in size, shape. The scope of their application may be different. They are used both indoors and outdoors.

It should also be noted that the length of sawn wood should not exceed 5 m for hardwoods, and 6.5 m for conifers. The scope in the construction business depends on their dimensions and features.

The use of softwood lumber

Coniferous wood, as a rule, is soft and light. But there are also quite strong, heavy representatives of this group (for example, yew). This material has resin passages and a fairly large number of knots. It's cheaper

Softwood lumber is used in carpentry and construction. But most often these materials are suitable for finishing dry rooms with normal temperature conditions. For outdoor use, such wood is treated with special impregnations.

Hardwood applications

Most often, hardwood lumber has a high hardness. They are denser, heavier than coniferous varieties. Such materials are less susceptible to adverse environmental influences. Therefore, their cost is quite high.

Hardwood lumber is used to create rafters, flights of stairs inside a private house, sheathing of walls and partitions in rooms, as well as for ceilings.

Linden, poplar or birch is not used for the manufacture of load-bearing structures or finished floors. They are soft and light.

Having become acquainted with the concept of what lumber is, what types of them are, you can navigate the purpose of products. Today there are a huge number of them.

To perform construction work of varying complexity, lumber is often in demand. However, this market is widely developed today and presents a wide range of products that are suitable for even the most difficult types of work. Bars and boards made of different types of wood will come in handy if you want to build a house or a gazebo. In this article, we will tell you about the main types of lumber and their performance characteristics.

Board

Most often, this material has a length of about 200 mm and a thickness of 100 mm. It is used in a wide variety of areas, including making furniture and containers for goods and drinks. Interestingly, this lumber has many varieties depending on the scope of its use. So allocate floorboards, oak, beech, edged and planed. As the name implies, floorboards are used to lay the floor in a country house. Interestingly, for better bonding, there are special grooves on their sides that guarantee better bonding. These boards are very durable and strong.

Planed boards are very smooth, so they are often purchased for the production of high-end furniture and windows. The edged board is used for finishing work in the house. They are most often made from larch or coniferous tree species. They also produce cabinet furniture of the middle price range.

The beech board is made of precious wood. It is distinguished by its beauty and durability, so tables and other furniture are often made from them. The same fate befell the oak boards. Unlike beech, they are still purchased for finishing and roofing work.

bar

If you do not use terms that are difficult to understand, then a beam is a log that has been cut from four sides. Most often it is purchased by builders for the construction
oyki country houses. It is perfect for both the main pillars of the building and is involved in the process of pouring the foundation. Sometimes boards are made from beams. We add that they are often used guided by the production technology used at the construction site, and its compliance with the glued subtype is also taken into account. For example, glued beams will last much longer than regular ones. It is made by gluing against the direction of the fibers. Not surprisingly, such a material is more stable and, accordingly, more expensive. Ordinary timber does not have such wear resistance.

croaker

This is the name of the waste that remains after processing one log. However, they are also sold and can be put to good use. Basically dividing them yut into two types: business and wood. The first option is used in construction work to make a rough version of the floor, which will later be reinforced and covered with more elite and attractive materials. The second type of wood is used as fuel for kindling the stove. Interestingly, these types of wood, for some reason, are often confused with boards. But as you already understood, their differences are striking. There is also such a subspecies of croaker as obapol, it is made from the side parts of logs and used in roofing, and also formwork is made from them.

Bar

Bars are made from boards, sawing them along. Then the bars are processed with special equipment. Everyone is divided for the type of this material: these are planed and calibrated bars. The latter is widely applicable in finishing works and construction, and the former is used for the manufacture of various types of furniture. However, the use of bars does not end there. They are widely applicable in the manufacture of containers, as well as various types of load-bearing structures.

Other types and uses of lumber

As we noted earlier, thanks to high-quality equipment, we produce various types of lumber. This article lists the main and most popular of them. However, the entire list of products from this area does not end there. Remember that before ordering any materials, think carefully about the type of your work. Then you can choose the material in accordance with all parameters.

In addition to the above lumber, we produce lining, plywood, block houses, imitation timber and many other lumber that will be appropriate during construction and finishing work in a country house.

Using plywood or clapboard, you can “sew up” the walls of the gazebo, which you will erect on your garden plot, or use it in the repair of an apartment.

It all depends solely on the type of construction work that you started, as well as the level of its complexity. Lumber purchased on our website can be an excellent component of your renovation or construction of a whole country house, where you plan to come with your family every weekend. All presented wood is tested and safe for health.

An interesting video about getting lumber:

Lumber types and purpose, as well as raw materials for production, varieties of lumber, varieties and derivatives of wood.

Lumber is a material obtained by longitudinal sawing of logs, followed by longitudinal and transverse (if necessary) division of the resulting parts. In the end, products of a certain shape and size are obtained, having at least two (front and back) parallel sides. This type of materials is produced at special enterprises equipped with band saws, circular saws and other equipment.

Raw materials for production

As a primary raw material for the manufacture of lumber, trunks of almost any tree, previously cleared of branches and bark, are used. Coniferous wood is usually used for the construction of load-bearing structures. Hardwoods are most often used for all kinds of finishing work. It should be noted that the waste obtained in the process of lumber production is used both in industry and in everyday life.

Poplar and birch are considered the most affordable wood for lumber production. Quite often, pine, spruce, linden, larch, ash and maple wood is used for these purposes. The wood of hornbeam, oak, and cedar is of great importance for industry.

The lightness of birch does not make the wood less durable, and the beautiful structure and affordable price have made it even more popular. Larch is considered to be very moisture resistant, resistant to fungus and mold. Ash wood boasts good elasticity and impact resistance.

Beech is indispensable for the manufacture of floors, stairs and furniture. Incredibly strong and unusually beautiful oak wood, despite the rather high price, is very much in demand. Pine contains a large amount of resins, so it is most prone to rapid ignition. Although spruce wood is less durable, it is quite flexible and soft, so it can be easily worked.

Varieties of lumber

The characteristics of finished lumber depend on the type of wood, the equipment used, compliance with the production and drying technology, as well as the sawing method. It is the latter factor that affects the texture of the board.

Sawing wood is carried out in several ways, differing in the direction of sawing:

transverse (across the fibers);
rustic (at an acute angle to the fibers);
radial (radius to the center of the log);
tangential (tangential).

Cross sawing is used for the production of artistic parquet, the rustic method is used for the manufacture of flooring. Lumber obtained by radial sawing has a very attractive appearance, is durable, resistant to deformation and external influences. A tangential cut forms a beautiful pattern on the surface of the board in the form of interesting arches and rings.

However, on the surface of some boards, delaminations may form over time. The most popular and expensive are radial lumber, as their surface has a uniform texture, unchanged dimensions, good mechanical characteristics, and degree of shrinkage.

Drying of lumber is carried out both in the open air and with the help of special chambers, which are tightly closed rooms. The first type of product contains up to 20% moisture, the second can be additionally treated with protective agents, and the moisture content is up to 14%. Slices of lumber can be trimmed (cut along the entire length) and non-trimmed.

Depending on the degree of processing, sawn timber is:

unedged (although there are no knots, there are unprocessed sections of logs);
edged (the profile of the materials has a rectangular shape due to sawing off the defective side parts of the log);
planed (there is no roughness of one or more faces).

Classification

The shape, size and mechanical characteristics determine the division of lumber into several types.

bar- This is a log, hewn on all sides, used in the construction of houses, as well as for the manufacture of individual large elements of windows, stairs and others. The thickness of the timber is 100 mm.

bars- this is a “bar in miniature”, less than 100 mm thick, they are raw, planed (at least one side is processed) and calibrated (fitted to a certain size). The scope of application is the production of furniture, the manufacture of lathing, decking, frames, arbors and other objects.

Boards made from logs or beams. They are unedged, edged (having a smooth edge) and edged on one side only. In addition, the boards are calibrated, that is, they have a given size.

Sleepers- a material with increased strength and minimal sensitivity to temperature fluctuations.

croaker- these are boards obtained by sawing logs, having a flat and semicircular surface.

Lagging- lumber made from the side of a log, having only one flat side.

Advantages and disadvantages

Man has always been surrounded by objects and wood products. This material was used for the construction of houses and churches, baths and all kinds of outbuildings. The man was surrounded by wooden windows, doors, tables, chairs and other furniture. Wood has not lost its popularity even today. On the contrary, due to the positive qualities of wood, building and finishing materials made of wood are becoming even more in demand.

Advantages of lumber:

have a high bearing capacity with a relatively small weight;
despite sufficient strength, the material is characterized by simplicity and ease of processing (it is malleable to drilling, easy to saw, allows you to produce figures of various shapes and complexity);
ease and speed of installation;
due to its natural origin and environmental friendliness, the material is considered completely safe for human health and the environment, does not cause allergies;
processing does not require expensive and time-consuming work;
external attractiveness;
the pleasant smell of wood creates a favorable microclimate in the room;
variety of shapes and sizes of products;
affordable price.

Minuses:

the ability to quickly ignite, maintain combustion;
are destroyed under the influence of fungus, mold, various insects;
prolonged exposure to water and a humid environment often causes the wood to rot.

To protect lumber, to make them more wear-resistant and durable, they are treated with special protective substances that can significantly reduce the above disadvantages.

Lumber grades

The division into grades is carried out by evaluating the state of the worst side of the face, edge, and section.

Selected lumber should not have rot, mold, cancerous and fungal stains, overgrowth and other foreign inclusions, as well as shrinkage cracks on the surface. Admissibility of intergrown healthy knots - two per one meter of length, shallow edge and formation cracks - 16%, deep - no more than 10%. The scope of products is mainly shipbuilding and automotive industry.

The scope of first grade sawn timber is the wood manufacturing industry. This grade of materials should not have dry loose knots, healthy knots larger than 1 cm, through cracks and cracks larger than 1 cm, wounds overgrown with bark on wood, young active layers of wood, mold, mechanical damage, various foreign inclusions, rottenness.

The scope of materials of the fourth grade is the construction of change houses, outbuildings, gazebos, the manufacture of boxes, loess, pallets and construction formwork.

wood derivatives

A wonderful material for building a house is rounded log. Thanks to a well-thought-out system of locks, a completely even rounded shape of the material, quite strong and reliable structures are obtained. This material is considered the most expensive today, and buildings made of logs do not require additional finishing.

Another popular material is profiled timber. There are two ways to produce it: milling and planing. During the construction of houses, the elements are connected very firmly, providing a high degree of reliability of the building. In addition, such structures do not require powerful foundations. Structures made of this lumber do not require additional finishing work.

Glued laminated timber made from solid boards or individual pieces. The material consists of lamellas firmly fastened together. It is strong, durable and resistant to external influences.

Plywood- This is a material consisting of several thin layers of wood, tightly glued together. Due to its strength and good flexibility, this material is in demand in the manufacture of furniture, decorative elements and many other products.

fiberboard obtained by pressing waste wood at very high temperatures with the addition of a special binder. Sufficiently solid wood fiber boards are called hardboard. The sides of such sheets can be either smooth, or one of them is corrugated, the second is smooth.

Chipboard is a combination of fine wood particles and synthetic resins. MDF is produced from waste products from the woodworking industry, purified from all kinds of impurities. In the manufacture of this type of plates do not use adhesives. In this case, the binding element is lignin, which is released from wood under the influence of high temperatures. The scope of such lumber is construction and the furniture industry.

Block house represents the material received from the rounded log by sawing by the principle "square in a circle". Due to good noise and heat insulation, strength and attractiveness, this lumber is highly valued in the exterior decoration of houses.

clapboard- lumber used for all kinds of finishing work. Although the material has a small thickness, it is very durable, resistant to deformation, cracks and cracks. The external attractiveness of the lining, simplicity and ease of installation made it even more popular.

Lumber is a unique product of wood processing, which is indispensable in construction, furniture and other industries.

Probably, all of us have done something from timber and boards, but few people have seen how the sawing of logs takes place. Recently I visited a woodworking shop in the village of Sandovo, Tver region. I won't say that the enterprise is very large, there are probably the same ones in all other regions of our country. The production was based on the basis of Sandovskaya MTS. The enterprise had and does not have anything in common with a cellular operator, since in Soviet times MTS was deciphered a little differently, namely, the Machine and Tractor Station.

1. The Sandovskaya MTS Company performs logging with subsequent removal, then a complex of forestry, reforestation and forest protection work is carried out. The main activity is sawing and planing of wood. Timber of different sections and grades are produced. I will show you this process.

2. Timber is being harvested on a forest plot leased for 49 years with an area of 26,571 hectares. And for processing, the timber is delivered to the enterprise in the form of unprocessed logs on such timber trucks.

3. Unloading and warehousing take place directly in the workshop, where the wood is processed.

4. A log is placed on a large sawing machine. From four sides, the so-called slab is cut off from it. A slab is a side part of a log that has one sawn and the other unsawn surface. The croaker is willingly bought by local residents for firewood for heating, since the Sandovsky district is not gasified. It's a shame, of course, but at least someone's "dreams come true" :).

5. After these manipulations, a beam is obtained, which can be sawn into boards or a smaller beam.

6. As a rule, both timber and boards are made from logs, depending on the diameter of the trunk.

7. The enterprise is small, the number of employees is about 50 people.

8. Log feeding mechanism.

9. Devices for fixing the log on the machine.

10. And this, in fact, is the main part of the machine - a circular saw.

11. Eh, I would not like to fall under the teeth of this monster.

12. The work is hard, but women also work at the enterprise.

13. Light operations are performed even by production veterans.

14. The territory of the Sadovsky MTS is huge and there is enough space for storing waste.

15. During the winter, all these mountains of wood will go to heating.

16. "Sandovskaya MTS" not only harvests timber, but also carries out reforestation work on a leased forest area.

16. I would like to show some more photos of the territory of the enterprise. It contains interesting artifacts.

17. In Moscow, such a fire engine is no longer to be found, but here this rarity is serving its purpose.

18. I myself do not know what it is. Most likely also left from MTS.

19. After inspecting the territory, General Director Igor Karpukhin treated us to buns with meat, which we washed down with local cranberry juice. I remember these pies from my childhood :).

20. That's it, it's time! Take care of the forest.

1. The company "Sandovskaya MTS" performs logging with subsequent removal, then a complex of forestry, reforestation and forest protection work is carried out. The main activity is sawing and planing of wood. Timber of different sections and grades are produced. I will show you this process.