"Fire trucks. Tactical and technical characteristics of special fire trucks General structural elements
fire ladder
AL-(131) PM- 506 V
Technical description and instruction manual
IPAD.634251.501 TO
(PM-506 V.00.000 TO)
Attention!
The operation of the fire ladder AL-30 (131) PM-506 V is allowed for persons who have completed a training course at the training center of the GUPO Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation or at the manufacturer's factory and have received a certificate for the right to drive the ladder.
The operation of the ladder by persons who do not have a certificate is prohibited.
Poor knowledge of the construction of the ladder and management can lead to emergency situations.
The handle Manual operation of the pump unloading valve is allowed to be used when carrying out work to eliminate technical malfunctions of the ladder. At the same time, people are not allowed on the stairs.
The operator must remember that when using the handle for manual operation, the control devices do not function, as a result of which the top of the ladder can be extended beyond the movement field, which is unacceptable.
In order to exclude the possibility of breaking the limit switches in the control compartments of the supports, it is necessary to close the doors by holding the handles, preventing free impact when slamming.
The ladder truck is supplied with dry-charged emergency drive batteries.
Carrying out any modifications without the consent of the manufacturer is prohibited.
Putting into operation of the ladder should be carried out in the presence of a representative of the manufacturer.
Introduction
This technical description and operating instructions are intended to study the device, the principle of operation and the rules for operating the ladder.
In addition to this MOT, it is necessary to use the operational documentation listed in section 4 of the form IPAD.634251.501 FO (PM-506V.00.000 FO).
The TO text is explained by drawings placed in a separate Appendix 7. Album of drawings IPAD.634251.501 TO1 (PM-506V.00.000 TO1).
1 Purpose of the ladder
The fire ladder is intended for:
For rescue work in the upper floors of buildings
For delivery to the place of fire combat crew and fire equipment
To extinguish a fire with water or VMP
For auxiliary work at a height of up to 30 m
For use as a crane when the set of knees is folded
For the evacuation of people from a height of up to 30 meters using an elastic rescue sleeve.
The ladder is designed for operation in a temperate climate at an air temperature of - 40 to + 40 ° C relative humidity up to 80% at 20 ° C
2 Technical data
2.1 technical data of the ladder are given in table 2.1
Table 2.1
Indicator name Value
The height of the fully extended ladder at an elevation angle of 75 ° is not less than 30
Working load on the top of an unleaned ladder at maximum reach, kN (kgf) no more than 1.6 (160)
Load capacity of the ladder when using the ladder as a crane (with the ladder moved), kg, no more than 1000
The operating range of the stairs in the vertical plane hail from minus 4 to 75
Ladder turning angle to the right or to the left (with an elevation angle of at least 10°) degrees, not less than 360
Working reach of the top of the stairs from the axis of rotation of the rotary base with the maximum working load at the top, m 16 +0.5
The time of maneuvers of the speed ladder without load, s, at:
Elevation from 0° to 75° 25±5
Lowering from 75° to 0° 25±5
Extending to full length at an elevation angle of 75° 20±5
Shift (full) at an elevation angle of 75 ° 20 ± 5
Turn 360° to the right or left with the ladder shifted, raised by 75° 45±15
Installation time on outriggers on a horizontal platform, s, no more than 50
The minimum angle of elevation at which the knees can move under the action of their own weight, degrees 30
Working pressure in the hydraulic system MPa (kgf / cm 2) 16 + 1 (160 + 10)
Hydraulic fluid All-weather oil
TU38-101479-74
Oils MG-30
TU38-10150-79
Working fluid substitutes Spindle oil
OST 38.01412.-86
Oil I-30A
GOST 20799-75
Interval of permissible temperatures of working fluids during short-term operation, С°
VMGZ From minus 40° to plus 65°
MG-30 From minus 5° to plus 75°
I-30A From minus 5° to plus 75°
AU From minus 20° to plus 65°
The volume of filling capacities of the ladder units, l
Extend drive gearbox 1.0
Swing drive reducer 1.0
Hydraulic tank 90
Whole hydraulic system 200
Chassis type All-wheel drive
Full weight, kg, no more than 10185
Axle weight distribution
Front axle no more than 3060
On the rear bogie no more than 7125
Length in transport position, mm, no more than 11000
Width in transport position, mm, no more than 2500
Height in transport position, mm, no more than 3200
Maximum transport speed km/h 80
Fuel consumption during stationary operation pump drive, kg/h, no more than 10
Gamma - percentage resource before the first overhaul (at = 0.8), h, not less than 1250
Average service life before decommissioning years 11
Installed resource before the first overhaul, h, not less than 800
Note: Maneuvering times are given when operating in 4th gear of the gearbox
3 Composition, arrangement and operation of the ladder
3.1 Ladder AL-(131) PM-506 V is a modernization of the ladder AL-(131) PM-506. The modernization was carried out in order to improve the technical performance of the ladder. The following indicators have been improved during the upgrade. The evacuation time of 4 people from the 9th floor was reduced due to the use of a rescue sleeve. The working range of ladder lifting in the vertical plane has been extended to minus 4° in the lower position of the knee set.
3.2 The ladder consists of the following main parts:
Chassis 3 (Figure 1)
Power group 6
Support base 11
Swivel base 7
Hydraulic mechanisms 9
Knee set
Controls and locks 8
Electrical equipment, etc.
The listed devices and mechanisms provide:
Working stability
Alignment of the knee set
Raising - lowering a set of knees
Extension - shifting of the set of knees
Rotation of the stairs around the vertical axis
3.3. All units and mechanisms of the ladder are mounted on the chassis ZIL - 131. The support base, consisting of 4 supports and a frame, is fixed on the chassis frame, a lifting and turning base with four knees connected telescopically is attached to the frame of the support base.
3.4 The principle of operation of the ladder is to feed its top to the required point in space within the movement field (Fig. 2) using the rise, extension and turn of the ladder.
4 The device and operation of the components of the ladder.
4.1 Chassis - serial ZIL - 131
4.2 Power group
Designed to supply the working fluid from the hydraulic pump to the executive bodies of the ladder hydraulic drive. From tank 11 (Fig. 5), the working fluid flows by gravity through the pipeline into the suction cavity of the hydraulic pump and from it, under pressure, through the pressure line, it is supplied to the axial collector 2 and further to the hydraulic units.
Drainage of the working fluid from the executive bodies of the hydraulic drive into the tank is carried out through the drain line through the filter 1.
A separate drainage line is provided for draining into the tank of leaks of the working fluid from the hydraulic units.
Serves to transfer torque from the chassis engine to the hydraulic pump shaft.
It is mounted on the transfer case and is activated by an electro-pneumatic drive from the driver's cab with a toggle switch.
HYDRAULIC PUMP
Designed to create pressure in volumetric hydraulic motors. The hydraulic pump is a power unit of a volumetric hydraulic drive that converts the mechanical energy of the shaft rotation into the energy of the working fluid flow. The volume of the supplied working fluid depends on the number of revolutions of the hydraulic pump shaft.
Type of hydraulic pump - axial piston, self-priming, maximum shaft speed 1850 min -1
The tank is designed to store the working fluid and cool it in the AL operating mode.
Tank volume 107 l. The upper mark of the level indicator corresponds to a volume of 90 liters.
On the top of the tank there is a level indicator, from the bottom there is a suction hole connected through a pipeline and a shut-off valve to the suction cavity of the hydraulic pump, a drain hole through the pipeline and a shut-off valve with a drain line, a fitting with a drain plug.
The drain hole is separated from the suction hole by a vertical partition installed inside the tank. Which, by changing the direction of the flow of the working fluid, contributes to the separation and settling of solid impurities from this fluid.
To prevent the formation of a vacuum or overpressure in the tank, there are holes in the level indicator head that connect the internal cavity of the tank with the atmosphere.
The tank is filled with working fluid through the neck of the oil tank and the strainer built into it.
4.6 FILTER
A filter is installed on the drain line in front of the tank to clean the working fluid from mechanical particles. The fineness of the filter is 25 microns.
Filtration is performed by filter element 4 (Fig. 6). Mechanical particles that have not passed through the filter element settle down in the form of sediment, which is periodically removed through plug 5.
The degree of filter contamination is controlled by a pressure gauge installed on the control panel and connected to the drain line before the filter. With a clean filter, the pressure in the drain line should be no more than 0.3 MPa (3 kgf / cm2)
4.7 ENGINE CONTROL CYLINDER
The hydraulic pump operates in two modes: working and idle. In idle mode, the pump is unloaded, the pressure in the pressure line is 0 - 0.3 MPa (0 - 3 kgf / cm2), the torque on the hydraulic pump shaft is minimal, the engine crankshaft speed is minimal 600 - 800 min -1
In the operating mode, the hydraulic pump is loaded, the pressure in the pressure line is 16 MPa (160 kgf / cm2), the engine crankshaft speed is 1650 - 1680 min -1, the hydraulic pump shaft speed is 1470 - 1500 min -1.
The transfer of the hydraulic pump from one mode to another is carried out by the WORK toggle switch installed on the control panel.
Changing the engine crankshaft speed is done by a hydraulic cylinder.
When the hydraulic pump is loaded, the pressure in the pressure line and in the cavity "A" (Fig. 7) begins to rise to the working one.
The rod 4, connected to the engine carburetor, moves to the right, compressing the spring 2, the engine crankshaft speed increases to the working one.
When the pump is unloaded, the pressure in the shut-off line drops, the spring returns the rod to its original position, the engine speed decreases to idle.
The stroke of the rod, and, consequently, the maximum speed of the engine crankshaft is regulated by nuts 6.
4.8 EMERGENCY DRIVE
Designed to bring the ladder from the working position to the transport position in case of failure of the mechanisms of the power group.
It consists of an electric motor 6 (Fig. 8), a gearbox with a hydraulic pump 9 and a valve block 2.
Electric motor GT-3 DC, shaft power 1.35 kW, voltage 24 V, speed 1730 min -1.
The hydraulic pump is driven by an electric motor through a gearbox, which consists of a housing 3, a gear 4 and a gear wheel 7. The gear ratio of the gearbox is U=2.35.
4.8.2 AXIAL PISTON HYDRAULIC PUMP, SELF-PRIMING.
A block of valves 2 is screwed into the pressure fitting of the hydraulic pump. During the operation of the hydraulic pump, the working fluid under pressure through the fitting "A" (Fig. 9), overcoming the resistance of the spring 2, enters the cavity of the fitting 8 and then into the pressure line of the hydraulic system. As soon as the pressure in the pressure line exceeds 12 MPa (120 kgf / cm2), the “B” valve opens, connected to the drain line, protecting the system from overload. The drain valve is adjusted to 12MPa (120 kgf/cm2) (operating mode of the hydraulic pump) by pressing the spring 7 with screw 1.
4.8.3. The emergency drive pump is switched on from the starting box located behind the cab on the driver's side, for which the package switch must be set to the EMERGENCY PUMP position. In this case, the batteries are connected in series at 24V and a power supply circuit is created for the electric motor.
Reminder: the PTO switch toggle switch must be in the ON position, the chassis engine must be turned off, the CHARGE toggle switch must be in the OFF position.
4.9. hydraulic drive
4.9.1. The hydraulic drive is designed to perform all movements of the ladder.
The hydraulic fluid pump 22 (Fig. 10) from the tank through the pressure line is supplied to the control unit (distributor) 28 supports, installed in the rear of the platform, and then through the axial manifold 18 to the control unit (distributor) 13 ladder mounted on the control panel. From the control unit 13, the working fluid enters the drain line.
4.9.2. When the valve electromagnet (hydraulic distributor) 15 is turned off, the working fluid from the pressure line through the safety valve 27 can also freely flow into the drain line and then through the axial manifold 18 and the filter 19 into the tank. The pressure in the hydraulic system in this mode is determined by the resistance of pipelines and units and does not exceed 0.3 - 0.5 MPa (3-5 kgf / cm2), the hydraulic pump is unloaded.
4.9.3. When the electromagnet of the valve 15 is turned on, the control line of the valve 27 is blocked. The free discharge of the working fluid through the valve 27 stops, the pressure in the pressure line rises to the working one. The rod of the hydraulic cylinder 26 is retracted, acts on the engine carburetor, the rotational speed of the engine shaft and the hydraulic pump are increased to the operating speed, the hydraulic pump performance is increased to the operating speed.
In operating mode, at a flow rate lower than the pump capacity, excess liquid is drained from the pressure line into the drain (into the tank) through valve 27, and the operating pressure is maintained in the pressure line.
4.9.4. Ladder maneuvers can only be carried out if there is working pressure in the hydraulic system, i.e. only when the electromagnet of the crane 15 is turned on. Disabling this electromagnet, including by blocking means, leads to pressure relief in the hydraulic system and the impossibility of performing ladder maneuvers in this way.
4.9.5. Ladder maneuvers are carried out in a certain sequence. Violation of it leads to the operation of the means of blocking.
The device of means of blocking and hydraulic drive provides the following sequence of maneuvers:
Extension of supports, blocking of springs and transfer case;
Lifting, blocking supports;
Extension within the field of movement and rotation;
Any combination of movements within the movement field;
Shift and turn to the initial (transport) position;
lowering;
Shifting supports;
Unblocking springs.
4.9.6. The shifting (extension) of the supports occurs when the handles of the block 28 are turned - the working fluid from the pump through this block is supplied to one of the cavities of the hydraulic cylinders; the working fluid through the block 28 enters the tank.
The shifting speed is controlled by changing the cross section of the passage channel by tilting the handle.
4.9.7. Raising - lowering the stairs is carried out by a hydraulic motor 7, turning drive by a hydraulic motor 12.
4.9.8. Lateral leveling is done automatically by hydraulic cylinder 10.
When the lateral roll of the knees is more than 10, the contacts of the mercury switches installed on the 4th knee are closed, one of the electromagnets of the valve (hydraulic distributor) 11 is turned off, the working fluid is supplied to one of the cavities of the hydraulic cylinder 10, the sleeve of the hydraulic cylinder 10 moves, turning the entire set of knees relative to the swivel frame .
When the knee steps reach a horizontal position, the contacts of one of the mercury switches open, the corresponding electromagnet of the crane 11, the lateral rotation (alignment) of the knees stops.
When the ladder is lowered below 300, the mercury switches are disabled. With the help of limit switches that confuse the electromagnets of the crane 11, the ladder automatically returns to the middle position relative to the lifting frame.
4.9.9. In the event of a failure of the main hydraulic pump or the chassis engine, an emergency drive is used to bring the ladder in the transport position, consisting of a hydraulic pump 24 and a valve block 25, set to a pressure of 12 MPa (120 kgf / cm2). The hydraulic pump 24 sucks in the working fluid from the tank and delivers it to the main pressure line.
Stair movements are controlled in the same way as from the main hydraulic drive.
The hydraulic pump is driven by a DC electric motor powered by two batteries.
4.9.10 The working fluid entering the tank through the drain line is cleaned by filter 19.
4.9.11. The pressure in the pressure line is controlled by a pressure gauge 14, in the drain line - by a pressure gauge 16. The temperature of the working fluid is controlled by a thermometer 17 installed on the drain line.
4.9.12. blocking the movements of the stairs open the electrical circuit of the power supply of the electromagnet of the crane 15, then see paragraph 4.9.2.
4.10 Support base
4.10.1. The supporting base is designed to ensure the stability of the ladder during operation with the help of retractable supports. The supports are controlled by a special control unit 7 (Fig. 11), the handles of which are inserted into the side compartments of the platform. Frame 4, to which the lifting-swivel base is attached, is riveted to the chassis frame. Supports 2 are bolted to the chassis frame.
4.11. Spring lock mechanism
4.11.1. The spring locking mechanism is designed to increase the stability of the ladder during operation.
The mechanism consists of a hydraulic cylinder 5 (see Fig. 11), fixed to the rear spring, and a rope 6, which is thrown over the rod and connected with the ends to the beams of the middle and rear axles.
When the front supports are extended, the working fluid is simultaneously supplied to the piston cavity of the hydraulic cylinder. The rod extends, pulls the rope and blocks the spring, does not allow it to straighten. When the supports are shifted, the working fluid is also supplied to the rod cavity, the rod extends, the rope is loosened, the spring is unlocked, the rod is fixed by locking the hydraulic cylinder cavities with a hydraulic lock.
4.12 Support
4.12.1 Each of the four supports consists of an outer beam 3 (Fig. 14) and an inner beam 2 of rectangular section. The extension of the inner beam is carried out by a hydraulic cylinder 5. A support plate 6 is pivotally fixed at the end of the inner beam. The rod and the inner beam are fixed in a predetermined position by a hydraulic lock 1
4.13. Support extension hydraulic cylinder.
4.13.1. The hydraulic cylinder (Fig. 15) is designed to extend the inner support beam. The working fluid is supplied to the fittings of the hydraulic lock, which is fixed on the hydraulic cylinder.
4.14. hydraulic lock
4.14.1. To exclude spontaneous movements of mechanisms, all power hydraulic cylinders are equipped with hydraulic locks. The hydraulic cylinder rod is fixed in a given position by locking the liquid in the piston and rod cavities with a hydraulic lock.
The hydraulic lock device of the support hydraulic cylinder is shown in (Fig. 16)
4.14.2. The hydraulic lock works as follows. When the support is extended, the working fluid through the fitting 3, having opened the valve 1, enters through the hole "A" into the piston cavity of the hydraulic cylinder.
At this pressure, the piston 9 moves to the right and opens the valve "B", the rod cavity through the fitting 5 communicates with the drain line, the hydraulic cylinder rod extends under pressure in the piston cavity.
When the support is shifted, the working fluid through the fitting 4, having opened the valve 6, enters through the fitting 5 into the rod end of the hydraulic cylinder.
By pressure, piston 9 moves to the left and opens valve 1, the piston cavity communicates with the drain line through the fitting 3, the pressure rod moves into the cavity.
In the absence of pressure in front of fittings 3 and 4, valves 1 and 6 are closed, the working fluid is locked in the cavities of the hydraulic cylinder, and the movement of the rod is impossible.
4.15. Support control unit
4.15.1. The support control unit consists of six sections:
Pressure 4 (Fig. 17), drain 2 and four workers 3. All sections are bolted into one block.
Inside the working sections, three-position spools are installed to distribute the working fluid among the units. Each spool is moved by a handle, and returned to the neutral position by a spring.
Transfer case blocking hydraulic cylinder.
4.16.1. In order to exclude the transport movement of the ladder when the KOM - 1 is on, the supports are lowered and the ladder is raised, it is necessary to block the transfer case in the neutral position. The locking of the gearshift rods is carried out by the rod 14 (Fig. 18) of the hydraulic cylinder mounted on the transfer case. When the front left support is pulled out, the working fluid is simultaneously supplied to the fitting B, the rod 14 moves down and is located between the gear shift rods of the transfer case.
The forks of the rods, resting against the rod, prevent the rods from moving in the direction of gear engagement; the gearshift mechanism is blocked in the neutral position, the inclusion of a gear in the transfer case becomes impossible.
When the left front support is raised, the working fluid is simultaneously supplied to the fitting G, the rod moves up, the switching mechanism is unlocked. In the extreme upper position, the stem is fixed with ball 2.
Lifting and swivel base.
4.17.1. Lifting - rotary base is designed for lifting - lowering a set of knees in a vertical plane and turning around a vertical axis at any angle and consists of a swivel support 9 (Fig. 21), a swivel frame 4 and a lifting frame 2. The swivel support is bolted to the support base frame .
4.18. Swivel support.
4.18.1. The swivel bearing is used to rotate the ladder around the vertical axis and is a single-row roller bearing. The ring gear 2 (Fig. 22) is attached to the support base, the swivel frame is attached to the plate 1, which is connected to the movable upper half-ring 7.
The rollers 4 are arranged crosswise one relative to the other. During rotation, the gear 3 rolls over the teeth of the fixed ring 2, causing the rotation of the plate 1 and the entire ladder.
4.19. Hydraulic mechanisms
4.19.1. Hydraulic mechanisms are designed to perform the basic movements of the stairs: lifting, lowering, pushing, sliding, turning and lateral alignment. The hydraulic mechanisms are located in the lifting and swivel frames (see Fig. 21)
4.20. Turn drive.
4.20.1. The rotation drive consists of a hydraulic motor 13 (Fig. 23.) and a worm gear, to which the hydraulic motor is connected by means of a cam clutch. Gear 7 is fixed on the shaft of the worm wheel, which engages with the crown of the swivel bearing.
The free end of the worm is connected to the handle of the manual rotation drive.
Gear ratio: hydraulic motor - worm wheel U = 79, gear 7 - swivel ring U = 137:17, total gear ratio U = 637.
Lift cylinder.
4.21.1. The lifting hydraulic cylinder is designed for lifting and lowering a set of knees. The lower head of the hydraulic cylinder is attached to the swivel plate, the upper head - to the lifting frame. Since the load on the rod is one-sided, the hydraulic cylinder is equipped with a hydraulic lock for locking only one (piston) cavity.
When lifting a set of knees, the working fluid is supplied to the fitting 4 (Fig. 24).
Under pressure in cavity "A", the stem extends, the set of knees rises.
When lowering the set of elbows, the working fluid is supplied simultaneously to the fittings 2 and 12, the hydraulic lock 3 opens.
Under pressure in cavity “B”, the rod moves to the left, the set of knees is lowered.
Hydraulic lock of lifting cylinders.
4.22.1. The hydraulic lock is designed to lock the working fluid in the piston cavities of the lifting hydraulic cylinders, as a result of which spontaneous movement of the rods is excluded.
When lifting the knees, the working fluid through the fitting 1 (Fig. 25), opening the valve 9, enters the cavity "A" and then into the piston cavity of the lifting hydraulic cylinder.
In the event that the supply of the working fluid is interrupted, the valve 9, under the action of the spring 10, closes the outlet of the working fluid from the piston cavity of the hydraulic cylinder.
When lowering the set of knees, the working fluid is supplied to the rod end of the hydraulic cylinder and simultaneously to the fitting 5 of the hydraulic lock. The pusher 6 opens the valve 9, the working fluid from the piston cavity of the hydraulic cylinder through the fitting 1 enters the control unit and then to the drain.
4.24. Extend drive
4.24.1. The extension drive consists of the following elements: housing 7 (Fig. 27), drum 3, shaft 4, gearbox 2. The extension drive is mounted on a rotary frame 10. Two branches of a rope 7.2 m long are wound on drum 3. Gear ratio U = 48. An overrunning clutch is installed between the worm wheel of the gearbox 2 and the drum shaft 4. When the knees are extended, the pawls fixed on the worm wheel rest against the ratchet wheel, the drum rotates in the direction of the rope winding. When the knees are shifted, in the absence of effort on the ropes (the knees are extended and for some reason do not move), the pawls, rotating together with the worm wheel, slip over the teeth of the ratchet wheel, the drum remains motionless, forced unwinding does not occur. When the knees move, the drum, under the action of forces in the ropes, rotates after the pawls, the overrunning clutch prevents the ropes from loosening during shearing.
4.25. Axial collector.
4.25.1. The axial manifold is designed to supply the working fluid from the hydraulic pump mounted on the chassis to the hydraulic units mounted on the swivel base. The axial collector consists of two main parts - the collector 1 (Fig. 30), fixed on the swivel base plate, and the housing 10.
When the collector with the plate rotates, the housing 10 is kept from turning by a jet thrust. Flange 6 of the current junction is attached to the lower part of the collector.
4.26 Current junction
4.21.1 The current junction is designed for electrical connection of the rotating part with the chassis through rotating slip rings 3 and 4 (Fig. 31). Each pair of rings is isolated from each other by gaskets 10. The necessary contact force is created by a spring 9
4.27. Management and blocking of movements.
4.27.1 The movement of the stairs is controlled from the control panel 3 (Fig. 32), lateral leveling is controlled by an electromagnetic valve 2 with a hydraulic lock. Blocking of movements is carried out by relieving pressure in the hydraulic system using the safety valve 3 (Fig. 5) and the electromagnetic valve 1 (Fig. 32).
4.28. Remote Control.
4.28.1. The control panel is the central post from which the operator makes all the necessary movements of the stairs, as well as control of electrical equipment and intercom. The control panel is located on the left side along the machine and consists of a housing 13 (Fig. 33), in which there is a dashboard 7, an indicator of the extension length and elevation angle 8, a rotation handle 3, an extension - shift handle 1, a lift - lowering handle 2, blocking device 11, control unit 11, screws 14, 15 are provided to regulate the stroke of the block spool, limiting the angle of deviation of each handle. When the screw is screwed in, the stroke of the handle, and, consequently, the speed of the movement performed, decreases; when unscrewed, it increases. After the adjustment is completed, the screw is locked with a nut.
4.29. Control block
4.29.1. The main movements of the stairs (lifting, lowering, extending - shifting, turning) are performed using a control unit consisting of a drain section 1 (Fig. 34), a working section 2 and a pressure section 4. The control unit is installed in the control panel.
The spools are moved by handles. With an increase in the deflection angle, the stroke of the spool increases, the cross section of the through holes and, consequently, the speed of the movement performed. The spool and handle are returned to the neutral position by a spring.
At the very beginning of the spool stroke, the microswitches of the blocking system are switched, the purpose of which is to create a power supply circuit for the electromagnet of the pump unloading valve (loading magnet) through the corresponding limit switch, which limits the movement of the ladder mechanisms.
4.30. Scheme of the blocking device drive.
4.30.1. The drive of the blocking device is used to transfer movements from the set of knees to the blocking device. The lifting angle of the set of knees is transmitted to the blocking device using pin 2 (Fig. 35), rod 7 and lever 9. Since the lever 9 and the radius of the pin on the lifting frame are equal, the angle of lifting or lowering the knees is repeated on the blocking device. At the junction of the rods there is a double equal-arm lever 3 for bringing the transmission system of the lock drive to the outer surface of the swing frame. The extension and shifting of the knees is transmitted to the device by chain 10. An asterisk 6 serves to tension the chain drive.
4.31. Blocking device.
4.31.1. The blocking device does not allow to move the top of the stairs beyond the boundary of the safe field, and also does not allow to turn on the extension until the locking hook falls out of the set of elbows. The stop of movements in the first case and the permission to move in the second are made automatically.
Lever 3 (Fig. 36) is connected by a rod to the lifting frame. When the knees are raised, the cam 8 and the cam 9 connected to it rotate through the same angle.
The sprocket 6 (see Fig. 35), by means of a chain drive from the winch drum, pulls out, rotates the screw 5 (see Fig. 36), which, through the nut 1, informs the running sleeve 2 with cams, translational movement along the device.
Both movements of the blocking elements, depending on the operation of the set of elbows, can be performed separately or simultaneously.
4.31.2. The profile of the cams 8 and 9 on which the switch contacts slide is made in such a way that the following is ensured:
1) switch 13 - permission to turn on the extension of the ladder, at an angle of inclination of a set of knees of 100 or more;
2) switch 12 - switching on when lowering the ladder to an angle of 100 - 300 of the lateral alignment mechanism to bring the set of knees to the original (transport) state;
3) switch 10 - switching lateral alignment to automatic operation at an inclination angle of more than 300C;
4) switch 11 - turning off the extension and lowering, as well as the green signal lamp when the top of the ladder reaches the safety field boundary;
5) switch 6 - turning off the knee lift at an angle of 750.
4.32. Safety valve.
4.32.1. The safety valve is designed to protect the hydraulic system from overload, maintain the operating pressure within the required limits and relieve pressure in special situations.
The working fluid is supplied to cavity 3 (Fig. 37) and discharged to the drain through cavity “L”. From cavity 3, through channels "I" and "K" (in spool 12), the working fluid enters cavity "A" and simultaneously through the throttle hole "G" into cavity "E", and through holes "D" and "G" under the shut-off element of the auxiliary valve 7, set to a certain pressure.
While the pressure in the system does not exceed the setting force of the spring 6, the hydraulically balanced spool 12 is pressed against the seat 13 by the spring 10, blocking the outlet of the working fluid to the drain. With an increase in pressure in the hydraulic system, the shut-off valve 7, overcoming the resistance of the spring 6, opens, and the working fluid from the cavity E through channels D, G, C and B enters the drain.
At the same time, due to the differential created at the orifice G, the pressure in the cavity E decreases, which leads to an imbalance of forces acting on the spool 12, and the latter, under the action of the hydrostatic force created by the fluid pressure in the cavity A, drops, connecting the pressure cavity 3 with the cavity L (drain), which leads to a pressure drop in the hydraulic system.
When the pressure in the hydraulic system drops below the setting pressure of the spring 6, the valve 7 closes, blocking the flow of fluid to the drain.
In this case, the flow through the throttle hole G stops, the pressure in the cavities A and E equalizes, and the spool 12, under the action of the spring 10, is pressed against the seat 13, blocking the drain of the liquid into the tank.
Unloading the hydraulic system from pressure is carried out by draining fluid from cavity E through fitting 11 with a pump unloading valve:
When the pressure in the cavity E drops, the spool 12 is under pressure with a drain, which will lead to a pressure drop in the hydraulic system. The pressure will
It is determined by the force of the spring 10 and the resistance of the pipelines and is 0.3 - 0.5 MPa (3-5 kgf / cm2).
4.33. Pump unloading crane
4.33.1. The safety valve of the system is controlled by the pump unloading valve. Fitting 7 (Fig. 38) of the tap is connected to fitting 11 of the valve (see Fig. 37), and fitting 5 (see Fig. 38) with a drain. In the initial position, fitting 5 and 7 are connected to each other and to the drain. When the electromagnet is turned on, fittings 5 and 7 are disconnected, the cavity G (see Fig. 37) is disconnected from the drain, the pressure in the hydraulic system rises to the working one.
When the power supply circuit of the electromagnet is broken (in case of interlock operation), the spring returns the plunger and the anchor of the pump unloading valve to its original position. The G cavity is connected to the drain, which will lead to a pressure drop in the hydraulic system.
4.34. Side alignment mechanism.
4.34.1. To eliminate additional loads arising from the installation of the ladder on an inclined platform, and to improve the conditions for climbing the stairs, there is a lateral leveling mechanism that ensures the horizontality of the steps within 60 when the stairs turn.
The ladder is leveled by turning the entire set of knees around axis 5 (Fig. 39), which connects the lower knee to the lifting frame with a hydraulic cylinder 3.
The side leveling mechanism is activated at an elevation angle above 300.
When tilted to the left, the set of knees turns to the right, when tilted to the right, it turns to the left. Alignment is done automatically.
The mechanism is controlled by mercury switches that monitor the horizontality of the steps of the knees.
If necessary, lateral alignment can be switched on forcibly by a switch under the ROLL signal lamps.
When lowering below 300, the set of knees automatically returns to its original position.
4.35. Side leveling hydraulic cylinder.
4.35.1. The side-leveling hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the lifting frame by the ends of the rod 3 (Fig. 40). Pivot 10 is connected to the lower fourth knee. At the ends of the hydraulic cylinder rod, hydraulic locks 4 are fixed, which are designed to lock the working fluid in the cavities of the hydraulic cylinder. Cylinder 1, when the working fluid is supplied, moves to the right or left relative to the rod and rotates the entire set of knees on the axis of the lifting frame.
The lateral leveling hydraulic cylinder is controlled automatically using an electromagnetic valve 2 (Fig. 32).
4.36. Electromagnetic crane.
4.36.1. Electromagnetic valve 1 (Fig. 41.) is designed for automatic control of the lateral alignment hydraulic cylinder. The working fluid through the fitting 6 is supplied to the solenoid valve. When the electromagnet is turned on, the working fluid flows through channel A, through fitting 8, through the pipeline to hydraulic lock 4 (Fig. 40) and, having opened the valve, enters the working cavity of the hydraulic cylinder. Further, through a pre-opened valve of another hydraulic lock, from the non-working cavity of the hydraulic cylinder through a magnetic valve and fitting 3, the working fluid enters the drain. When another electromagnet is turned on, the working fluid enters the hydraulic cylinder through fitting 3, from the hydraulic cylinder through fitting 8 to the drain.
4.37. Knee set.
4.37.1. The set of ladder elbows consists of four elbows that extend telescopically one from the other.
The knees are numbered from top to bottom. Each knee consists of two side trusses, formed by the upper chord, braces, uprights and a profiled bowstring. The side trusses are interconnected in the plane of the bowstrings by steps. Each step is lined with a rubber pad.
The mutual movement of the knees occurs on rollers located in two planes. The front and rear support rollers, which carry the main load, are made in pairs on rocking rockers.
4.37.2. The extension of the knees is carried out by two steel ropes. The extension scheme is shown in Fig.42. The ropes 10 are fixed with their upper ends on the third knee and, winding on the winch drum, extend the third knee. At the same time, according to the same principle, under the action of paired ropes 11 and 13, the remaining knees are extended. When the second knee is extended relative to the third, the distance between the block and the rope attachment point on the third column increases, which causes the rope to move along the block and the first knee to extend relative to the second.
All knees move forward at the same speed relative to each other, so the absolute speed of the first knee is three times greater than that of the third.
The shifting of the knees occurs under the influence of its own weight. The knees are additionally interconnected by shifting ropes, which ensures synchronous shifting of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd knees, and one of them cannot hang. Contact of the shift cables against the coupling and its threaded part of the extension cable clamp and other parts of the knees is not a sign of a malfunction.
On the left side of the fourth knee, a dynamometer is mounted, which fixes the deflection of the knee, and in the event of a dangerous overload, turns on the OVERLOAD warning signal and turns on the blocking of movements at 10% of the overload.
In addition, a plumb line-indicator of the lateral inclination and the languid knee lifting unit relative to the horizon are also fixed there.
4.38. Electrical equipment.
4.38.1. The electrical equipment of the ladder consists of the electrical equipment of the ZIL-131 car and additional electrical equipment.
The electrical equipment installed on the chassis is described in the instruction manual for the ZIL-131 vehicle.
4.38.2. The composition of additional electrical equipment (Fig. 53) includes:
1) two-tone sound signal HA1.1, HA1.2, SIREN;
2) lighting and light-signal devices that ensure the safety of the movement of the ladder (switching on from the instrument panel in the driver's cab):
Fog lights EL1.1, HL1.2 FOG;
Flashing lights HL1.1, HL1.2 FLASH;
Searchlight on port side EL.2 SPOTLIGHT;
3) lighting devices for ensuring the operation of the ladder at night:
Headlight on the top of the 1st knee EL6 TOP;
Headlight on top of the 4th knee EL8 CRANE;
Headlight on the lower part of the 4th knee EL7 LADDER.
The inclusion of these devices is carried out from the control panel of the ladder.
When the LADDER toggle switch is turned on, the CRANE headlight also lights up.
All headlights are swivel and can be turned in the desired direction;
4) other lighting and light-signal devices;
Lantern for lighting compartments of the platform EL3.1, EL3.3 with built-in switches;
Signal lamp HL2 COMPARTMENT OPEN (located in the driver's cab and controlled by the door switch SQ1.3 installed in the rear compartment of the platform);
Lamps for lighting the blocking device and lighting the ladder control panel EL4.1, EL4.2, EL5 (switched on by the CONTROL toggle switch);
5) emergency electric drive M of the hydraulic system to bring the ladder to the transport position in the event of a failure of the vehicle engine or the main hydraulic pump (the device and principle of operation are described in subsection 4.8. of this technical description);
6) devices that ensure the safe operation of the ladder;
Limit switches SQ9.1, SQ9.2 of fuses against frontal impacts in case of meeting the top with an obstacle (installed at the top of the first knee);
Load limiters SQ11.1, SQ11.2 (installed on the string at the bottom of the 4th knee) SQ11.2 warns the operator about the presence of 100% loading of the knees by lighting up the HL10 OVERLOAD lamp with simultaneous turning off of the sound signal HA2-meter, SQ11.1 turns off the movement of the stairs in case of exceeding the load of the knees by 10% - load 110% (176 kg);
Blocking device (see Fig. 36), which stops the movement of the stairs at the moment when its top enters the DANGEROUS DEPARTURE zone, warning the operator by lighting up the HL2 lamp; and simultaneous activation of the sound signal HA2.
Turning zone limiter SQ12.1, mounted on a swivel base (operates at an elevation angle of up to 100, preventing knees from colliding with a pillar or car cab during ladder rotation at small angles);
SQ10 maximum length limiter mounted on top of the 4th knee (stops knee extension when reaching full extension);
The limit switch SQ8 - the combination of steps of the stairs (installed at the top of the 4th knee) signals with a light signal HL9 about the combination of steps. At the moment when the steps are not aligned, an audible signal is given;
7) intercom CA, BA1 for communication of the operator with the top of the stairs (installed in the control panel and at the top of the knees, respectively). To power the additional electrical equipment of the ladder, on the starboard side of the platform, two rechargeable batteries GB1, GB2 are installed, the degree of charge of which can be controlled by reading the car's ammeter. In this case, the package switch QS, located on the outer side of the rear wall of the driver's cab and the toggle switch SA4 cCHARGE, located in the driver's cab, are set to the ON position. At the same time, with the engine running, partial recharge of the batteries is also possible;
8) side lights of a set of knees;
9) limit switch SQ14-staying limits the lowering of the set of knees on the rack.
4.38.3. The functioning of the electrical circuit in preparing the ladder for work is as follows.
When the power take-off is switched on, power is supplied through the PTO switch to the limit switch SQ2, mounted on the support post of the knee set. The involved pair of contacts SQ2, circuit 75, 76, by the action of a set of knees laid in the support post, are closed and, therefore, this is how it goes to the door switches SQ1.1, SQ1.2 of the platform compartments where the control of the supports is located. When the doors of the compartments are opened, the contacts of the switches SQ1.1, SQ1.2 close, passing the current through the ring 5 of the XA1 current transition to the coil of the UAZ loading magnet, which switches the unloading and safety valve KP1 (see Fig. 10) to automatic operation for constant maintenance in working pressure hydraulic system. At the moment, the working fluid from the hydraulic system pump, bypassing the unloading and safety valve KP1, through the hydraulic distributor P2, enters the drain. By pressing the handles of the hydraulic distributor P2, a working pressure is created in the system and the working fluid is directed to the hydraulic cylinders of the supports, which are extended all the way into the ground. When the supports are extended, the contacts of the limit switch SQ3, circuit 12.78 (see Fig. 53), mounted on the front left support, are closed. After installing the ladder on the compartment door supports, the compartment doors must be closed on the supports, as a result, the contacts of the switches SQ1.1, SQ1.2 will open and the functional circuit for preparing the ladder for operation will be de-energized. At the same time, the second pair of contacts of the limit switches SQ1.1, SQ1.2, circuit 78,77,13 will be closed; ring 4 XA1 current junctions, fuse block. The second pair of contacts will perform the role of blocking the supports, that is, if the door of the support control compartment is opened with the set of knees raised, the contacts open, de-energizing the unloading magnet and the movement of the stairs stops. Lowering or raising the supports according to the functional diagram of preparing the ladder for work will also be impossible, since when the knees of the ladder are raised, the contacts of the limit switch SQ2 are open.
To complete the preparation for the operation of the stairs, it is necessary to set the QS batch switch on the starting box to the ON position. In this case, the package switch switches the following circuits: C1 - 1P1, circuit 62, 24; S2-1P2, chain 74, 73; S3-1P3, circuit 70, 24, connecting batteries GB1.GB2 in parallel. Voltage 12V is supplied through the rings 1.4 of the XA1 current junction to the control panel on the control panel, the HL3 POWER lamp lights up. Set the SA6 toggle switch to the Work position. At this stage, the preparation of the electrical circuit and the ladder itself for work ends. At this moment, voltage is applied to the following elements:
Switches SQ-3.5Q-Zh of the lateral alignment system chain 31;
Limit switch SQ11.1 (load 110%) - chain 32.62;
Relay coil to - circuit 33;
Signaling and lighting scheme - chains 34.35;
Scheme of the intercom - circuit 12.
4.38.4. The functioning of the electrical circuit during the operation of the ladder is as follows:
The functioning of the electrical circuit when making movements with the knees of the stairs is carried out automatically by supplying or stopping the supply of voltage to the coil of the UAZ electromagnet - the loading magnet. Power is supplied to the loading magnet through the switching circuit bridge and relay contact K - circuit 82.89.
The set of knees can only be raised from the transport position, turning and extensions are not possible. Knee rotation and extension become possible only at an elevation angle of 100 and above.
The locking of the knees in the transport position is carried out according to the following principle: by turning on the hydraulic distributor of rotation, the contacts of the SQ6.1 or SQ6.2 microswitches attached to it open, which break the upper cascade of the switching circuit (circuit 88, 81, 82), de-energizing the UAZ magnet, since in this moment, the lower stage of the circuit is also broken - the contacts of the limit switches SQ12.1 and SQ12.2, mounted on a rotary base, are open.
The extension blocking is carried out according to the same principle as the rotation blocking, with the difference that the upper stage of the circuit is broken by opening the contacts of switch SQ7.1 when the distributor is turned on for extension (circuit 44-88 breaks).
Lifting the knees from the transport position and in all other cases is carried out as follows:
Move the hydraulic distributor handle to the lift - the contacts of the SQ5.1 switch attached to it are broken. in the initial period of lifting up to 100, the UAZ magnet is powered through circuit 32 through 5Q11.1, SQ - E. The SQ5.1 switch is installed in the staircase control panel on the blocking device, then along circuit 47 or parallel circuit SQ - D, - 44. V In this position, the inclusion of extension and rotation remains still impossible. When the angle of elevation of the knees reaches 100, the contacts of the switch SQ - D switch, wire 45 and power to the magnet are supplied simultaneously through the upper and lower stages of the switching circuit, while it becomes possible to carry out extension and rotation movements, since the opening of the contacts of the switches of the upper stage of the SQ 7.7 circuit, SQ 6.1 and SQ 6.2 will not interrupt the power supply of the UAZ magnet.
When the lifting angle reaches 750, the contacts of the switch SQ-E are broken and the power supply to the magnet stops (contacts SQ5.1 and SQ-E are open at the same time), further lifting movement is impossible.
When the ladder is extended to its full length, at the moment the maximum extension length is reached, the limit switch SQ10 is activated, breaking the circuit 45-54 and cutting off the power supply to the magnet. The limit switch SQ10 is installed at the top of the 4th bend, it is triggered by the action of the last bracket welded on the underside of the third knee step.
SQ10, breaking the circuit 45-54 at the same time with another pair of its contacts, the circuit 63-54, which allows, when the blocking of the full extension of the knees (Lmax.) is triggered, to perform the following movements:
Rise - the power supply of the UAZ magnet coil goes through the chain 62, SQ-E, 47, SQ-D, 44, 88, 81, 82, and more than 100 through the chain 47,45,54,80,82:
Lowering - the UAZ magnet coil is powered through the circuit 62, 47, 45, 54, 80, 82;
Turn - the power supply of the UAZ magnet coil goes through the circuit 62, 47,45,54,80,82
Shift - the UAZ magnet coil is powered through the circuit 62, 44, 88, 81, 82;
The exit of the top of the stairs into the danger zone is controlled by the safety field, which stops the movement of the knees at the moment the top reaches the departure of 16m. In the electrical circuit, the role of the safety field is performed by the switch SQ - K (installed in the stair control panel on the blocking device Fig. 36 pos. 11);
Switch SQ - K stops the power supply of the UAZ magnet coil, breaking circuit 54 - 80 of the lower stage of the circuit, simultaneously turning on the DANGEROUS DEPARTURE alarm - a red signal lamp HL6 on the control panel and an audible signal HA2, circuit 54, 46, UD2, 52. With such switching it becomes impossible to implement the movements of lowering, extending and turning the knees, since when acting on the handles for controlling these movements, the switches SQ5.2, SQ7.1, SQ6.1, SQ6.2 break the upper cascade of the circuit - 62, 44, 88, 81, 82. The permitted movements that bring the top of the ladder out of the danger zone are shifting and raising the knees; during these movements, the magnet is powered through the circuit 62, SQ - E, 47, 44, 88, 81, 82.
The design of the ladder provides for the implementation of a number of auxiliary actions:
STOP TURN - to align the longitudinal axis of the set of knees with the longitudinal axis of the vehicle in order to ensure the correct placement of the knees relative to the support post when laying the set in the transport position;
LEVELING STEPS - to bring the steps of the knees of the stairs to a horizontal position when installing the ladder on the ground with a slope of up to 60.
Turning to stop turning to laying knees in the transport position is carried out by turning on the switch SA9 on the remote control to the STOP TURN position, while contacts 1-3 open, preparing the warning alarm for triggering:
Red signal lamp HL7 STOP TURN and sound signal HA2, circuit 83, UD3, 52.
During the movement of turning the power supply of the UAZ magnet coil, it is carried out along the circuit 80, SQ12.2, 82, the upper helmet of the circuit is open. At the moment when the axis of the knees is aligned with the axis of the car by turning, the stem of the limit switch SQ12.2, installed on the right side on the turntable plate, will find the copier and open the power circuit of the magnet 80-82, the turning movement will stop. At the same time, another pair of contacts of the SQ12.2 switch will supply power to the alarm circuit. For further work, it is necessary to return the SA9 switch to its original (neutral) position. Contacts 1-5 close and lowering, extending and turning movements become possible.
Leveling steps (lateral leveling) is provided by a separate electrical circuit, which is powered from the switch SA6 on circuits 31-43 and 31-40.
The work of lateral alignment according to its purpose is divided into two stages:
The first stage includes the operation of the system in the zone of elevation angle 100-300, providing an automatic mode of alignment of the longitudinal axis of the set of knees with the longitudinal axis of the lifting frame. Such a maneuver is necessary when bringing the ladder into the transport position after working on a site with sloping ground.
When studying the functioning of the system scheme, leveling at the first stage of its operation, the following should be taken as initial data:
The ladder installed on sloping ground, when the knees are raised at an angle exceeding 300 with the SA7 switch on (the switch is installed on the control panel and has the designation “ON-OFF leveling”), automatically turns the set of knees relative to the lifting frame to a position that ensures the horizontality of the steps;
At the moment of lowering the knees into the transport position, the ladder, installed on sloping ground and not having horizontal steps, has a turn (skew) of the set of knees relative to the lifting frame within the angle of inclination of the soil;
For this reason, the knees cannot be stowed in the transport position;
One of the limit switches SQ4.1 or SQ4.2 installed on the lateral alignment cylinder, when turning the set of knees relative to the lifting frame, finds its rod on the copier and connects the corresponding circuits 40-61 or 40-60, preparing magnets UA1 or UA2 for operation for turning on the hydraulic distributor for controlling the lateral alignment cylinder to align the axes of the knee set and the lifting frame.
When the knees are lowered into the transport position, at the moment the angle of 300 is reached, the contacts of the SQ-Ж switch are closed (Fig. 36, pos. 12), passing the current to one of the magnets UA1 or UA2 through one of the closed limit switches SQ4.1 or SQ4.2. With this switching of the circuit, the lateral alignment cylinder rotates the set of knees on the lifting frame to the position when the contacts of both limit switches SQ4.1 and SQ4.2 are open, which will lead to alignment of the axes and the ladder will be prepared for laying the knees in the transport position.
The second stage includes the operation of the leveling system in the area of the elevation angle of 300-750, providing automatic adjustment of the knee steps to the horizontal position when the ladder is installed on the ground with a slope of up to 60.
For the system to level the steps, it is necessary to turn on the switch SA7. The electrical circuit provides the possibility of leveling the stages during all movements of the set of knees, but due to the fact that the operation of the lateral alignment cylinder (Fig. 40) requires significant oil pressure in the hydraulic system, leveling of the stages practically occurs during lifting (primarily) and during knee extensions.
When the knees of the ladder are raised, at the moment when the angle of 300 is reached, the contacts of the switch SQ-Ж open, breaking the circuit 31-40, and the contacts of the switch SQ-3 (Fig. 36 pos. 10) are closed, giving power to the circuit 31, 43, SQ. It should be borne in mind that when installing the ladder on sloping ground, one of the sensors (1) or (2) SQ will be necessarily closed (sensor - mercury switch PR-14 a). Power through the circuit 43-42 or 43-41 through contacts SA7 will go to one of the coils of the magnets of the hydrodistributor UA2 or UA1 and will actuate the lateral alignment cylinder, which will turn the knees relative to the lifting frame to a position where the contacts of the sensors (1) and (2) SQ turn around and stop moving. This position will correspond to the horizontal position of the steps.
The scheme for checking the operability of the lateral alignment system provides for manual control of the SA8 switch installed on the console under the designation "LEFT-RIGHT ROLL". With the help of SA8, it is possible to forcibly turn the knees relative to the lifting frame on a horizontal platform (in the area of the angle of 30-750), then, leaving SA8 in the neutral position, turn on the SA7 switch and further raise the knee by triggering sensors, SQ will return to the initial position.
Thus, all movements of the knees of the stairs, including the action of blocking devices, are controlled by the elements of the electrical circuit, the operation of which is based on the operation of a hydraulic valve with electromagnetic control (UAZ magnet). The connection of the UAZ magnet with the electrical circuit of the ladder is carried out by the contact "K" (circuit 82-89) turnip "K". In order to
The open contact "K" closed and gave power to the UAZ magnet coil, it is necessary to pass current through the circuit 33,K, SQ9.1, 49, SQ9.2. In this circuit, SQ9.1 and SQ9.2 are limit switches mounted at the top of the first knee, acting as frontal impact fuses.
In the event that the top of the stairs comes into contact with an obstacle, the contacts of the switches SQ9.1 and SQ9.2 open, the relay coil "K" is de-energized, and the contact "K" breaks the circuit 82-89, the UAZ magnet relieves pressure in the hydraulic system, stopping all movements.
To restore the movements of the stairs, a chain K, 48, SA9 is provided. When the switch SA9 (installed on the remote control) is turned on in the "Reverse" position, the relay coil "K" will receive power, bypassing the open switches SQ9.1, SQ9.2, will again close the contact "K" in the circuit 82-89 and restore pressure in the hydraulic system .
Turning SA9 into the "Reverse" position, the operator must be firmly aware that further movements can only be shifting or other movements that lead the top of the stairs away from contact with the obstacle. Violation of the supply circuit of the relay coil "K" is controlled by the ignition of the red signal lamp HL8 installed on the control panel and the sound signal HA2, circuit 31, k, 52, HA2. The alarm operation is controlled by the closed contacts of the relay "K"
The functioning of the electrical circuit during operation of the emergency drive.
The emergency drive is turned on by turning the handle of the “QS” package switch installed on the starting box to the “emergency pump” position, while the following circuits are switched.
S1-2L1 - 12V power supply to the circuit, to the FU2 fuse;
2L2-S2 - the circuit GB1, 68, 74, GB2, 70 is switched to a serial connection of batteries;
S3-2L3-switched circuit 70, 69, FU3, 71, M 24V supply.
The functioning of the alarm is described when analyzing the operation of individual sections of the electrical circuit.
An indispensable condition for stopping the extension of the knees for the movement of people on them is the combination of steps. The execution of this operation is provided by an alarm that works when the knees are extended and shifted. When extended, the moment of combining the steps is signaled by the ignition of the HL9 pump, which occurs when an open pair of contacts of the SQ8 switch, circuit 33.51, is closed. If there is no combination of steps, when extending, the signal HA2 works, receiving power through the circuit S07.1. 50, SQ8, 52.
When the knees move, the step alignment is signaled by the circuit 33-51, and the misalignment signaling circuit is powered by the switch SQ7.2. installed on the distributor in the SQ7.2 console connects the circuit 33, 50, 52, HA2 when the console handle is turned on for shifting.
4.38.6. The lighting devices are switched on by acting on the corresponding switches and does not require explanations according to the diagram.
4.39. Firearm trunk.
4.39.1. The fire monitor consists of three main parts: the intake pipe 10 (Fig. 19), the transition elbow 8 and the rotary barrel 2.
At the end of the inlet pipe 10 there is a head 14 for connection with a pressure water supply hose. Inside the barrel 2 there is a damper 3. The spray 1 of the barrel is replaceable.
The trunk is controlled from the ground. For this purpose, a leash 15 is attached to the trunk, from which a rope is lowered to the ground, with the help of which the trunk 2 can be rotated in a vertical plane.
The barrel is fastened with a front bracket 20 and a rear bracket 19 with a locking pin 18 to the last steps of the 1st knee 2 (Fig. 20).
4.40. Sleeve attachment device.
4.40.1. The device (Fig. 54) consists of a frame 6, to which base 1 is pivotally attached. The device is fixed before hanging by lever 2, which is fixed on pin 4. Pin 4 is inserted into the fixed hole of the base by means of spring 3.
4.40.2 To fix the device after hanging on the frame, there is a latch 5, which is a screw with a stop, which, after screwing, excludes the possibility of removing the device from the first knee.
5. Instrumentation,
Tool and accessories.
5.1 Instrumentation
5.1.1. The ladder has the following instrumentation:
1) a pressure gauge with a division scale of 0-1 MPa (0-10 kgf / cm2), showing the pressure in the drain line. A manometer is installed on the control panel;
2) a pressure gauge with a division scale of 0-40 MPa (0-400 kgf / cm2) showing the working pressure in the hydraulic system. Located on the control panel;
3) a remote thermometer with a division scale from 0 to 1200C, showing the temperature in the drain line of the hydraulic system. It is located next to the manometer.
4) indicator of the length of the retractable ladder in meters. Located on the control panel;
5) an indicator of the relative angle of the stairs in degrees. Located next to the ladder length indicator;
6) indicator of the transverse slope of the stairs. Located on the control panel;
7) Departure pointer of the top of the stairs in meters. Combined with the ladder length indicator (on the control panel);
8) plumb - an indicator of the absolute angle of inclination and transverse slope of the stairs. It is located on the fourth knee.
5.1.2. The list of instruments for periodic verification is given in Table. 5.1.
SCROLL
INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUS FOR PERIODICAL VERIFICATION OF THE ACCURACY OF INDICATIONS.
No. Checked devices and equipment document on the basis of which the check is made Checking tools Notes
Designation Type Class Limits
Measurements Quantity per item Periodicity
Verifications Name Type Class Limits
Measurements 1 Manometer MTP-3M 4 1 MPa 1 1 time 2 MTP-3M-1MPa-1.5 (0-10 kgf/cm2) Per year 3 TU25-7310.0045-87 4 5 Manometer MTP-3M 4 40 MPa 1 1 time 6 MTP-3M -40MPa-1.5 (400gf/cm2) Per year 7 TU25-7310.0045-87 8 9 10 GSP. Thermometer TKP-60/3M 1.5 0-1200C 1 1 time 11 TKL-60/3M-(0-120) Per year 12 -1.5-1.6-A 13 TU 25-7353.033-86 14 15 5.2. Tools and accessories
5.2.1. Tools and accessories are divided according to their purpose:
Accessories for ensuring the operation of the stairs;
Fire fighting accessories;
Driver's tool and accessories;
Spare tools and accessories.
The tools and accessories of the first three groups must always be on the ladder.
The tool and accessories of the first two groups, as well as part of the driver's tool, are placed and fixed on the ladder.
The list of tools and accessories is indicated in the statement PM-506V ZI
6. Marking, sealing and packaging
6.1 Accepted by the quality control department of the manufacturer and ready for shipment, the ladder truck is equipped with a consumer marking plate mounted on the swing frame on the left. The plate says:
1) name of the manufacturer;
3) year and month of manufacture;
4) serial number;
5) number of technical conditions.
6.2. The ladder is sealed in accordance with Appendix 4.
6.3. The operator's seat is covered with a polyethylene cover.
6.4. First of all, the seal is removed from the driver's cab, where the technical documentation for the ladder is located. After studying the documentation, seals I-VIII are opened, seal IX can be removed only after the warranty period.
6.5. Violation of the coating (yellow paint) on the ends of the fasteners of the microswitches of the blocking device for the purpose of adjustment (movement) during the warranty period of operation of the ladder is not allowed.
7. General instructions for the operation of the ladder
7.1. Only fighters and commanders of fire departments who have studied the material part of the ladder, have been trained according to a special program, have passed exams and are certified with the issuance of a certificate can be allowed to work on the ladder.
7.2. The operator on the stairs must have a driver's license of the appropriate class and know the ZIL-131 car perfectly, since the stairs and the car are controlled by the same person.
7.3. The main condition for the operation of the ladder is its full readiness for work at any moment.
8. Indications of security measures.
8.1. It is forbidden to operate a ladder that has not passed a technical examination in accordance with section 14 of this manual.
8.2. During the operation of the ladder, it is FORBIDDEN:
1) admission to the management of the ladder of persons who do not have a special certificate;
2) presence of unauthorized persons on the ladder during its operation;
3) be under raised knees;
4) to raise the stairs until people are not at a safe distance for them;
5) work under power lines and closer than 30m from them;
6) being on the stairs and moving along it, people in excess of the norm specified in clause 10.6.1. this instruction;
7) work with a faulty hydraulic system;
8) work on a surface with a slope of more than 60;
9) work with raised supports;
10) work without making sure that the plates are properly installed on the ground and that the ground is solid;
11) work with unlocked springs;
12) leave without supervision from the ground a ladder with raised knees;
13) work without stretch ropes at wind speeds of more than 10 m/s;
14) to work in case of detection of malfunctions of hydraulic locks, fastening elements, the occurrence of dangerous vibrations of the knees and until the detected defects are eliminated;
15) work at night on an unlit site and without lighting of the serviced object;
16) work without pads under the rear wheels;
17) work in case of failure of the traffic field blocking system;
18) work with automatic lateral leveling disabled;
19) carrying out ladder maneuvers in the presence of people on it;
20) adjustment of the safety valve when performing movements;
21) work in the absence of power in the electrical system, since at this time the automation and blocking do not work;
22) performance of operations when heating the working fluid in the system above the permissible temperature;
23) lift the load with its brace to the side;
24) to lift a load frozen, littered with other objects and screwed on;
25) work with a hand shaft with an unsupported top of the ladder;
26) lubricate the treadmills along which the rear rollers move.
8.2. Movement field (see fig. 2) is an area in which the top of the ladder can be fully loaded by the amount specified in the technical specification.
The stability of the ladder during operation depends on the overturning moment acting on the ladder, which cannot exceed a certain calculated value. Therefore, the flight of the stairs cannot be more than indicated in Fig. 2 and is limited during operation by automation.
When extending and lowering, you must be especially careful, since these two movements lead to an increase in the reach of the ladder and the overturning moment.
The action of the automation that monitors the departure of the stairs must be controlled by light signals and by the extension length indicator on the control panel.
8.3. After the end of the operation of the ladder, the power take-off must be turned off.
It is PROHIBITED to move the vehicle with the power take-off engaged.
8.4. During preparation for work, maintenance and repair, it is necessary to observe the safety regulations adopted for road transport and lifting machines.
8.5. To ensure safety, it is necessary once a month, but at least after 50 hours of operation of the ladder.
Check the tooth thickness of the worm wheel of the extension reducer, which at the base (at the end of the wheel) must be at least 10 mm. If the tooth is worn down to a size of 10 mm, the operation of the ladder is prohibited;
Check the oil level in the extension gearbox, which should be at least 10-15mm from the lower edge of the control plug hole.
9. Preparation, measurement of parameters, regulation and adjustment of the technical condition
9.1. Preparation for work.
9.1.1. Preparation for work is carried out during daily maintenance (EO).
The set of knees must fully rest on the front pillar, the supports must be raised, the rear springs unlocked, the ladder is fully equipped and refueled, all, without exception, mechanisms, fittings and devices must be in good condition.
The entrance of the ladder to the serviced object should be selected based on the maximum possible convenience of the installation of the ladder and its operation.
The higher the ladder must be extended, the closer it must be placed to the object. It is recommended that the ladder be installed parallel to the wall of the serviced building, and after lifting, turn towards the wall.
If local conditions do not allow access from the side, you can also install the machine perpendicularly, but no more than 16m from the center of the turntable to the wall.
It is necessary to avoid installing the ladder on closed pits, wells and on soft soil.
After installing the ladder on the selected site, it is necessary to: tighten the hand brake, put the transfer case engagement lever in neutral position, engage the fourth or third gear in the gearbox, then turn on the power take-off.
Turn the batch switch on the start box panel to the ON position.
Extend the supports until they hit the ground, start extending from the front left support. Close the doors of the hatches providing access to the control handles of the support. Close the doors of the hatches providing access to the control handles of the supports, the control lamp POWER should light up on the control panel.
The ladder is ready for work.
9.2. Measurement of parameters, regulation and adjustment.
9.2.1. The following parameters are subject to periodic measurement, regulation and adjustment:
1) the time of the maneuvers;
2) working pressure in the hydraulic system;
3) the boundaries of the field of motion.
9.2.2. The time of the maneuvers is checked during maintenance (TO2) using a stopwatch under the condition of normal working pressure in the hydraulic system and with the handles of the control unit fully deflected.
To obtain given in the table. 2.1. time of maneuvers provides for the adjustment of the speeds of the movements performed.
If the maneuver time, for example, "raising" (lowering) exceeds the specified value, then it is necessary to screw in the screw 14(15) (see Fig. 33) so that the movement speed corresponds to the specified value.
Accordingly, the speeds of all ladder maneuvers are adjusted.
9.2.3. The working pressure in the hydraulic system is maintained by (16+1) MPa [(160+10) kgf/cm2] by a safety valve and is controlled by a pressure gauge installed on the control panel.
The change in pressure is made by rotating the flywheel 4 (see Fig. 37), when it is rotated clockwise, the pressure increases, and when it is rotated counterclockwise, it decreases.
To control the working pressure it is necessary:
With the hydraulic pump running, turn on the WORK toggle switch on the control panel;
lower the supports;
Raise the ladder at an angle of 10 - 150 and turn to the right or left at an angle of 900;
Lower the ladder all the way down and hold the handle in the LOWER position:
According to the pressure gauge on the control panel, determine the pressure in the hydraulic system, and then move the handle to the neutral position.
9.2.4. The boundaries of the driving field (see fig. 2) must be checked at every maintenance. TO2
The actual position of the border is determined by raising and extending the knees in different positions until the movement is turned off by the automation.
The spatial position of the top of the stairs is determined by measuring the distance from the center of the swivel base to the plumb line lowered from the top of the stairs.
Deviations beyond the allowable indicate a malfunction of the blocking device (see Fig. 36), namely:
The corresponding microswitches are moved;
The contact system of the microswitches is broken and does not work.
In the first case, the microswitches should be returned to the required place, carefully fixed, screw heads, nuts and places where the microswitch housings fit to the brackets should be fixed with paint.
In the second case, the microswitches should be changed.
9.2.5. The deployment time of the ladder depends mainly on the performance of the hydraulic pump. Therefore, it is necessary to control the frequency of rotation of the hydraulic pump shaft, which should be within 1470 - 1500 min.-1
For regulation it is necessary:
1) turn on KOM-1 and fourth gear in the gearbox;
2) turn on the WORK toggle switch on the control panel.
3) adjust the pressure in the hydraulic system to (15+1) MPa [(160+10)kgf/cm2] according to clause 9.2.3.;
4) by screw 4 (see Fig. 7) adjust the engine crankshaft speed up to 1650 - 1689 min.-1;
5) check the speed of the hydraulic pump shaft with a tachometer.
Checking the technical condition.
Checking the technical condition of the ladder is carried out after completion
Work on the fire upon arrival at the garage.
The presence of fuel in the fuel tank is checked, the working fluid in the
Hydraulic system with oil in the crankcases of the units.
Strength elements, bolted connections and other
Items listed in Table 9.1.
All detected malfunctions, violations of the mechanism settings must be
Eliminated immediately.
Mileage, duration and nature of the work performed after each trip, checks, maintenance, repairs, etc. must be registered in the relevant sections of the autoladder form.
Operation and maintenance of vehicle units and mechanisms must be carried out in accordance with the ZIL operating instructions.
The control of the level of the working fluid in the hydraulic system tank is carried out with a probe according to
Labels. To fill the system, use only those fluids that are specified in this MOT.
If metal particles are found in the working fluid (especially in a new ladder), dirt and other inclusions, then it must be drained, and the hydraulic drive must be flushed.
Checking the oil level in the extension drive, it must be checked by unscrewing
A plug on the side surface of the gearbox. The oil level should be at the level of the plug hole.
SCROLL
MAIN CHECKS OF THE TECHNICAL CONDITION
PRODUCTS. (tab. 9.1)
What is checked and with what tools, instruments and equipment.
Test Method Technical Requirements
1. Ropes. The check is carried out according to clause 9.3.4.
2. Blocks of the extension-sliding system.
The check is done visually.
3. Knots for fastening ropes, rollers, blocks of hydraulic cylinders, frames, knees, etc. Checking is done visually with a magnifying glass.
4. The thickness of the worm wheel tooth at the base (at the end of the wheel) of the extension drive. Measure with a caliper. With wear and tear of the wires above the limits indicated in table 9.2. replace.
If breaks of flanges and cracks are found, replace them.
If cracks are found in the welds, cut the seam and apply a new one. If cracks are found in the main sheets, cut for welding to a depth of 0.5 thickness and weld.
The thickness of the tooth must be at least 10mm.
9.3.3. It is necessary to carefully monitor that when extending and sliding the ladder, the knee moves relative to each other without jamming and distortions.
The axes of the support rollers, blocks and balancing rockers must be lubricated in accordance with the lubrication chart.
After each use of the ladder, all ropes, their terminations, blocks, rope attachment points, including welded joints, support rollers and other critical units, should be carefully examined.
The rotation of all blocks and rollers must be checked. In the presence of serious defects that cannot be eliminated (for example, jerks, jamming when extending - shifting the knees, an increase in the forces required for this), it is necessary to check the knees for the absence of residual deformations.
9.3.4. The ropes of extension - shifting of the knees are stretched during operation, therefore, sagging ropes must be tightened to a light tension.
Adjustment is carried out by an adjusting device, consisting of unequal rocking chairs, couplings and couplers.
When adjusting, it is necessary that the ties are screwed into the couplings for a length of at least 1.5 times the tie diameter.
The condition of the ropes must be carefully monitored. With surface wear of more than 40% of the original diameter of the outer wires, the rope must be replaced with a new one.
Permissible breakage of the wires at the length of one pitch of the rope turn should not exceed the data specified in Table 9.2.
Table 9.2.
Outer wire wear % Permissible number of wire breaks
30 and over 8
The need to adjust the ropes is determined when extending the knees raised to an angle of 750.
If, when the 3rd knee is extended, the remaining knees begin to advance with some delay, then adjustment is necessary. The adjustment starts with the rope extension of the 2nd knee, then the 1st.
Adjustment comes down to choosing the slack of the ropes. After adjusting the extension ropes, tighten the extension ropes.
10. How to work
10.1. Lowering - raising supports.
10.1.1. Start the engine, engage fourth or third gear in the gearbox, engage the power take-off.
10.1.2. Set the batch switch on the start box to the ON position, and the toggle switch on the operator's console to the WORK position.
Open the hatch doors at the rear of the platform to access the handles of the outrigger control unit. By moving the handles of the control unit, lower the supports until the plates stop in the ground.
First you need to lower the front supports, then the rear ones. Alignment with supports of the lateral inclination of the chassis is allowed.
Simultaneously with the lowering of the front supports, the springs and the transfer case are automatically blocked, and when raised, they are unlocked.
Therefore, when installing the ladder on the supports, the last movement for the front supports should be lowering.
Lifting supports can only be done after laying the shifted ladder on the support post.
The front left support should be raised last, as the limit switches of the blocking system are installed on it.
After lifting is completed, the handle must be held in the LIFT position for 2–3 s to unlock the transfer case.
10.2. Raising - lowering the stairs.
10.2.1 Lifting and lowering is carried out with the RAISE - LOWER handle. The direction of movement of the handle is indicated by a plate. The direction of movement of the handle is indicated by a plate. The movement should start and stop smoothly, without jerks.
The ladder is designed for an angle of 750. Therefore, if the machine is installed on a sloping site along the slope, the total angle of the ladder may exceed the maximum angle by the amount of the slope of the site. This should not be allowed, and in such cases the operator must turn off the lift, while being guided by the plumb line, since the scale in the control panel shows only the angle of rise relative to the level of the platform.
Lowering the ladder is carried out by tilting the same handle in the opposite direction.
When the top of the stairs approaches the boundary of the movement field (during the lowering of the extended ladder), the pressure in the hydraulic system drops to zero, and the lowering automatically stops. The red lamp DANGEROUS DEPARTURE on the control panel lights up and the bell rings.
Before laying on the support leg of the ladder knee, move it to the stop
At the moment of laying the set of knees on the support leg, the hook of the fourth knee locks the entire set of knees.
10.3. Stair turn.
10.3.1. Turning can be done only after lifting the set of knees to an angle of at least 100.
10.3.2. Turning the stairs to the right or left is switched on by the TURN handle on the control panel.
When turning to the right, the operator must be especially careful, since his field of vision in this case is partially blocked by a set of knees. The ladder is equipped with frontal impact safety devices, but they are located at the top of the first knee and do not work if the ladder encounters an obstacle outside the safety zone when turning.
When lowering the ladder to the stowed position, it must be turned in the area of the support post at minimum speed.
Turning the fully raised and extended ladder must be done with very smooth acceleration and deceleration to avoid ladder oscillation.
To automatically stop the ladder above the support post, turn on the STOP TURN toggle switch on the control panel in the direction of the plate. Turn at minimum speed. If the axis of the knees coincides with the axis of the chassis, the turn will automatically turn off and the red STOP TURN lamp will light up. To resume the turn, the aforementioned toggle switch must be set to the neutral position.
10.4. Pull-out ladder.
10.4.1. Extending the ladder is the most responsible movement.
The pull-out and slide-out control is carried out by the right handle of the control panel with the EXTRACT-MOVE sign. The direction of movement of the handle coincides with the movement of the ladder.
Extending is possible only after the ladder has been raised to an angle of at least 100, at which the locking hook releases the ladder elbows. Attempting to extend the ladder above the cab at elevation angles less than 100 will depressurize the hydraulic system.
Full extension of the ladder is possible at an elevation angle above 570.
When the top of the ladder approaches the boundary of the movement field at the full length of the extension, the pressure in the hydraulic system is released, the extension automatically stops, and the red lamp DANGEROUS DEPARTURE lights up on the control panel.
10.4.2. When moving the third knee relative to the fourth by one step of the step, the top of the first knee extends by 0.9 m.
To support the ladder, the top of the ladder should be extended above the edge of the roof, cornice or window sill by 1.0-1.5 m.
Control over the extension of the knees is carried out by direct observation of the top or by the length indicator.
Approaching the top of the stairs to the border of the movement field or, in particular, to the place of support must be approached at low speed, paying attention to the lighting of the DANGEROUS DEPARTURE and TOP STOP lamps.
Each angle of the ladder rise corresponds to a certain length to which it can be moved apart (see table 10.1).
Climb angle
Stairs, hail. -4…
0 10 20 30 40 50 57…
Permissible length
Stairs, m 18.5 18.8 19.7 21.2 23.9 28.3 31.4
A similar table is available on the control panel.
To control the length of the stairs, use the scale of the length indicator on the control panel.
10.4.3. When the wind speed is more than 10 m/s, when extending the ladder, stretch ropes should be used, which in the transport position of the ladder are on coils installed on the sides of the fourth knee.
Before climbing the ladder, stretching ropes are fastened with carabiners to the ears welded to the top of the second knee and held by people who stand on both sides of the ladder at a distance of 12-15m from it. While the ladder is in the deployed state, including periods of extension and retraction, it is necessary to monitor its straightness in the longitudinal direction by adjusting the tension of the ropes. The tension of the ropes depends on the direction and speed of the wind, the tension of the ropes must be such that the ladder does not bend.
The commander must be in a place where he can have a good view of the top of the ladder, as well as the people serving the ladder and ropes.
10.4.4. When sliding the ladder, move the handle to a slow shift, followed by acceleration to the desired speed.
At the end of the shift, in order to avoid impact, the speed must be reduced. If the knees do not move, then it is necessary to extend them again, then repeat the shift or increase the angle of rise.
10.4.5. To determine the wind speed, it is necessary to raise the ladder at an angle of 600 and extend it to a height of 15-17m. Then one of the fighters climb to the top of the stairs with an anemometer, which is included in the ZIL kit, and measures the wind speed. Keep in mind that wind speed increases with height. The wind speed can also be determined from the data of the nearest weather station.
Lowering the ladder for leaning.
10.5.1. The lowering of the ladder for leaning against the support is carried out at low speed, with simultaneous monitoring of the approaching safety boundary of the traffic field. If the movement of the ladder is turned off before the top touches the support, it is necessary to remove the ladder from the automation zone by lifting or sliding, and then completely move it, bring it to its original state, drive closer to the object and repeat the entire cycle of movements to adapt the ladder in the right place .
The top of the ladder should be brought to the support carefully and only touch it, without transferring the load from its own weight, since the main force on the support should act only when the knees are loaded.
When the frontal impact protectors installed at the top of the first knee come into contact with an obstacle, the pressure in the hydraulic system is released, the movements stop and the red lamp STOP STOP lights up.
To restore pressure in the hydraulic system, it is necessary to press the REVERSE toggle switch on the control panel towards the plate, and then make the necessary movements, being careful.
The ladder, which was leaning against the building, must be raised so much before moving that its top is free.
Getting people up and down stairs.
10.6.1. Before climbing a ladder, make sure the ladder is properly installed and the engine is off. Install a removable ladder, fixing it on the fourth knee and resting it on the ground.
It is allowed to move 4 people at the same time on a non-leaning ladder from the condition of being one person on each knee or two people on two non-adjacent knees.
The descent of people down the sleeve.
To lower people, it is necessary to hang the sleeve in the following
Order:
Assemble the device for fastening the sleeve (Fig. 54), while the lever 2 must be lowered down, while the pin 4 with the help of the spring 3 will firmly fix the device;
Raise the ladder by 100, take it to the side (so that it is possible to lower and extend the set of knees), and lower the ladder to an angle of minus 40;
Extend the set of knees by 2-3 m;
Install the device on the steps and screw the latch 5 into the step as far as it will go;
Lower the sleeve from above into the opening of the device and secure with a ring, raise the ladder by 25-300.
10.7.2. To bring the sleeve to the object, perform the necessary operations for lifting, turning and extending the set of elbows. At the same time, it is necessary to constantly monitor the absence of hooks or overlaps of the sleeve on the ladder or other objects.
10.7.3. Place the device on the object (window, balcony). In this case, it is only necessary to touch the object with the base and immediately stop moving.
10.7.4. When descending, only one person should be in the sleeve.
10.7.5. The sleeve is transported in a box attached to the right side of the swivel frame.
10.8. Work with a gun barrel.
10.8.1. The operation of the fire monitor creates certain loads on the ladder, therefore, in order to ensure safety, the following conditions must be observed:
1) The barrel must be fixed at the top of the first knee 2 (see fig. 20);
2) The ladder must be extended to a height of no more than 20 m;
3) The operation of the fire monitor on a free-standing ladder is allowed only at its inclination angles within 55-600 and in the presence of stretch ropes;
4) The fire hose laid in the middle of the stairs must be attached to the steps with hose delays;
5) Faster, abrupt switching on and off of the water supply to the barrel is not allowed.
The fire monitor is transported in the rear box of the platform and is installed on top only at the time of use. In this case, it must be taken into account that it goes beyond the scope of the safety device that protects the ladder when it encounters an obstacle, and thus excludes its action.
The fire monitor in the vertical plane is controlled from the ground, for which a rope is lowered from the barrel lever, with which the barrel can change the angle of elevation. Changing the direction of the trunk in the horizontal plane is carried out by turning the ladder around the vertical axis.
10.9. Work with foam generators.
10.9.1. Attach comb 2 (Fig. 51) with two foam generators to the first knee, raise the ladder to the required angle, extend to a height of no more than 20 m - turn in the direction of the foam jet and turn off the emulsion supply to the foam generators.
10.10 Laying stairs
10.10.1 The ladder is laid by lowering the shifted set of knees onto the front support post.
At the moment when the set of knees lies on the front support, the lowering mechanism must be turned off.
10.11 Job change
10.11.1 When changing the place of work, the ladder must be completely moved and laid, the supports are raised, the springs are unlocked, the power take-off is switched off.
Only after that is it allowed to move to a new place.
At the end of the work, all the actions specified in subsection 10.8 are performed. and in addition, all removed equipment and accessories are kept in place.
10.12. Emergency operation.
10.12.1. In the event of a malfunction of the main hydraulic system or the power plant of the chassis, the ladder is brought into the transport position by an emergency drive.
To perform any movement, it is necessary to set the bag in the EMERGENCY PUMP position, turn on the emergency drive and perform the movement with the corresponding handle. During operation of the emergency drive, the pressure in the hydraulic system will not exceed 12 MPa (120 kgf/cm2).
Possible disturbances in the smoothness of movement when shifting and lowering the knees of the stairs are not a malfunction.
10.13. The use of ladders for lifting loads.
10.13.1. To lift loads, the fourth knee is equipped with a bracket through which a cargo rope can be passed or hoists can be hung (not included in the set of removable equipment).
Before lifting the load, the supports must be lowered and rested on the ground. When lifting loads, the knees of the stairs must be in a shifted position.
Lifting and turning of the lifted load is carried out in accordance with subsections 10.2, 10.3 at low speeds and with increased caution.
10.14. Operation at low air temperatures.
10.14.1. When the air temperature is below minus 100C, start the hydraulic pump with smooth short-term release of the clutch pedal. Release the pedal when the engine speed is steady.
10.14.2. Open one of the doors of the hatches for controlling the supports. Loading and unloading the pump periodically for a short time by switching one of the support handles to the LIFT position, to achieve stable engine operation, a clear discharge and increase of pressure to the working one in the hydraulic system.
10.14.3. During short breaks in operation, leave the hydraulic pump and engine switched on.
MAINTENANCE.
11.1. Types and frequency of maintenance.
11.1.1. Maintenance must be carried out within the following periods:
Every shift - SW, every day;
After each departure and work on a fire - software;
Once a month - maintenance - 1;
Once every 6 months (in the middle of summer and in the middle of winter) - TO -2;
When the season changes (at the beginning of spring and at the beginning of autumn) - CO.
The elimination of all detected malfunctions and deviations from the norms, as well as all types of maintenance, must be carried out in a short time without gaps in time between individual operations.
Vehicle maintenance is carried out according to ZIL instructions.
11.2. Maintenance of hydraulic units.
11.2.1. Filter maintenance (washing, replacement of the filter element, is carried out in accordance with the filter operating instructions.
11.2.2. To service the outrigger control unit, it is necessary to remove the middle rear platform decking by loosening the two screws located on the rear corner of the platform and unscrewing the remaining screws. Grooves cut in the sheet, at the junction with the screws, make it possible to freely remove and install the sheet on the platform.
11.2.3. For maintenance of the pressure reducing valve in the left rear part of the platform there is a manhole cover fixed to the platform flooring with 4 screws.
11.2.4. To service the oil line units, it is enough to remove the front middle platform deck sheet.
11.3. Lubricant
11.3.1. The lubrication of the ladder truck (except for the chassis) must be carried out in accordance with the lubrication table. Parts and assemblies not listed in the lubrication table should be lubricated as needed or when repairing.
The means of the technical service include fire fighting equipment, which includes fire engines, fire fighting equipment (PTV), as well as communications, lighting and other fire fighting equipment. The main type of fire equipment are fire trucks (PA).
Depending on the purpose, fire trucks are divided into basic, special and auxiliary
Basic fire trucks are intended for supplying fire extinguishing agents to the combustion zone and are divided into general purpose vehicles (for extinguishing fires in cities and towns) and vehicles for targeted use: airfield, air-foam extinguishing, powder extinguishing, gas extinguishing, combined extinguishing, first aid vehicles.
Special firefighters cars designed to ensure the performance of special work on fire. The list of special works is given in the Combat Charter of the Fire Department.
TO auxiliary fire trucks include: tankers, mobile auto repair shops, diagnostic laboratories, buses, cars, operational and service vehicles, trucks, as well as other specialized vehicles.
1 SPECIAL
AKP - 30 /KAMAZ/
Fire articulated lifts are designed to lift firefighters to the upper floors of buildings and structures, to rescue people from the upper floors of burning buildings.
Units armed with articulated lifts, in cooperation with units on the main fire trucks, ensure the supply of fire extinguishing agents and their introduction to extinguish fires in the upper floors, rescue operations from the upper floors and evacuation of property, the operation of the fire monitor fixed in the basket of the car lift, which is controlled from land, as well as for supplying medium expansion foam to the height.
AKP - 30
Chassis type - KAMAZ
Overall dimensions, mm:
Length - 14300
Width - 2500
Height - 3600
Maximum speed - 100 km / h
Angle of elevation - 90 degrees.
Lifting height - 30 m
Cradle load capacity - 350 kg
Width between extreme support points -5.5 m
AUTOLADDER AL - 53 / Mercedes /
Turning stairs DL 53 C/F is a rescue vehicle with a lifting platform, which is used primarily for rescuing people, fighting fires and providing technical support.
The achievable rescue height is approximately 53 meters.
Configuration ladder DL 53
1. Staircase;
2.fastening;
3. Running gear;
The chassis is a chassis with front steering type Mercedes Benz. The engine provides the movement of the car and the movement of special devices.
The driver's and crew's cabin provides space for the driver, driver's assistant and a team of up to 4 people. There are two doors.
The working platform is made of stainless, non-slip hard aluminum coating, and the outer casing is made of steel sheet. Folding Ladder - A ladder is installed at the rear of the platform on the left. The working bodies of the fire pump are located on the platform on the left. Access to the left and right storage compartments is through built-in louvres.
The running gear is connected to the base of the running gear and the vehicle chassis by means of a gear wheel. It provides 360 degree rotation of the chassis connection and ladder assembly attachment. The drive is carried out by means of the running gear with hydraulic management.
The control panel is located on the outer left side of the chassis and consists of a control panel and an operator's seat.
The ladder consists of 6 sections, 5 of which can be telescopically extended and retracted. The lower section of the ladder rotates on the axis of the ladder attachment. The sections of the stairs are made of closed steel hollow square sections, and the lower chords are made of special bent sections.
The work of the turntable as a whole consists of the following functions:
Lift / Tilt;
Rotation;
Extension / cleaning;
Leveling on the ground
From ground level, the stairs can be raised up to a maximum of 75 degrees.
The ladder can be lowered to a maximum of minus 12 degrees below the floor level
The turntable can rotate continuously through 360 degrees when it is raised approximately 30 cm at an angle of 7 degrees from its resting position.
The ladder is extended and retracted by 4 hydraulic cylinders.
To ensure that the stairs work optimally when making calls, the following instructions must be followed:
1. The ambient temperature in the staircase garage must be at least + 5 0С;
2. Carry out maintenance and repair at intervals determined by the manufacturer;
3. check fixtures and spare parts for their completeness and proper storage;
4. Follow the manufacturer's instructions;
5. Each time before leaving, make sure that the ladder is completely retracted, securely fastened to the support and the ladder lock is closed.
Choosing a site for installing stairs:
1. Place the car on the selected site as close as possible to the object on which the ladder will be used / the distance should not be less than 9 meters;
2. Check the hardness of the ground and the unevenness of the site, paying attention to:
The rear wheels of the vehicle or the hydraulic cylinders of the support system must not be located on soft ground, closed manholes or hydrant covers.
The lateral slope of the turntable on uneven ground should not exceed 7 degrees.
Climbing stairs
When climbing stairs, the following precautions should be observed:
Before completing the maneuvers with the ladder, set the sections so that the sections are aligned on the axis;
The ladder commander must make sure that the ladder is in the correct vertical position, an inclined ladder raised by more than 40 degrees should not be climbed if the ladder is unloaded .;
The ladder must not be climbed until the maneuvers have been completed;
The operator must always be at the stair control panel during the ascent of the stairs, it is necessary to constantly monitor the load indicator and the support system .;
at night, the site should be lit
Everyone climbing the ladder must be well acquainted with the working and safety devices of the ladder and must have a safety belt;
The stairs should be climbed with even steps and not too fast;
In rescue operations, the person being rescued must either be tied to the top of the ladder with a rope or the rescuer descends the ladder ahead of the person being rescued;
When maneuvering the ladder, no one should be on the ladder.
EMERGENCY _ RESCUE VEHICLE
Technical characteristics of ASA
Chassis UAZ 452
Number of seats 3 ;
Speed, km/h 95;
1.Hydraulic tool kit
"LUCAS":
Bosch power plant - 1;
Hydraulic pump with electric drive - 1;
Manual hydraulic pump - 1;
Hydraulic cylinder LSR - 1 ;
Retractor LSR - 1;
Cutting device LS - 1;
Hydraulic hoses - 2;
Halogen spotlights - 2;
2. A set of hydraulic tools "Ekont":
Pumping station NS "HONDA" - 1;
Manual hydraulic pump H - 80;
Expander - scissors with a nozzle for opening steel doors - 1;
Hydraulic cylinder TsS -2 - 1;
Set of accessories for hydraulic cylinder
A) axis - 2;
B) strubin - 1;
C) hook - 2;
D) earring - 2;
D) chains -2;
E) caretaker - 1;
Hydraulic hoses - - 4 ;
3.Radio station "MOTOROLA"
4. Signaling - loud-speaking installation SGU - 80, Elect - 1;
5. Cable reel - 1;
6.Cutter - 1.
AUTOLADDER AL - 30 / ZIL 131 /
The fire ladder is designed to lift firefighters to the upper floors of buildings and structures, to rescue people from the upper floors of burning buildings.
Units armed with ladders in cooperation with units on the main fire trucks provide fire extinguishing agents and their input to extinguish fires in the upper floors, carry out rescue operations from the upper floors and evacuate property.
AL - model L22)
Chassis type - ZIL - 131
Overall dimensions, mm:
Length - 9800
Width - 2500
Height - 3160
Weight with full load, kg - 10500
The smallest turning radius, m - 10.2
Maximum speed. km/h - 80
Engine power. kW (hp) -
Fuel consumption per 100 km. l - 40
Fuel reserve, km - 400
Fuel tank capacity, l - 170
The length of the fully extended ladder, m: without an additional knee - 30.2
with an additional knee - 32.2
The maximum angle of rotation of the knees is unlimited
Ladder maneuver time, s:
Raising the knees by 75 - 30
Extending the knees to the full length - 30
Turn knees to the right 90 - 15
Lift capacity, kg - 180
COMMUNICATION AND LIGHTING VEHICLE / ASO - 8 /
Communication and lighting fire trucks are designed to illuminate the place of work of fire departments on fires and provide control and information communications. They deliver combat crews and a set of special equipment to provide communication and lighting at the fire site to the fire site.
Units armed with a communications and lighting vehicle can provide control communications using portable radios, a loudspeaker installation, telephone communications, information communications using car radios and a telephone connected to an automatic telephone exchange, as well as lighting four to six combat positions during the work of fire extinguishing units. This vehicle can be used as a power plant, providing power to lighting, communications, and power tools. Electricity is supplied from a generator installed directly on the car, or from the city's power grid. Near the communication and lighting vehicle, as a rule, there is a fire extinguishing headquarters.
ASO - 8 (66)
Chassis - GAZ - 66-01
Number of places for combat crew - 5
Overall dimensions, mm:
Length - 5655
Width - 2322
Height -2880
Weight, kg 5780
Maximum speed, km / h - 85
Control fuel consumption, l - 24
Fuel reserve, km - 870
Generator:
Brand - ECC5 - 62 - 42 - M - 101
Voltage, V - 230
Power, kW - 8
Spotlight stationary:
Type - PKN - 1500
Voltage, V - 220
Power, V - 1500
Incandescent lamp - KN - 220 - 1500
Portable spotlight:
Brand PKN - 1500
Voltage, V - 220
Power, V - 1500
Number, pcs - 4
Trunk cable
Means of communication:
Stationary radios
Radius - 40 km
Portable -6 pcs.
Loudspeaker installation.
AUTOLADDER AL - 30 / PM 512 /
The fire ladder is designed to lift firefighters to the upper floors of buildings and structures, to rescue people from the upper floors of burning buildings.
Units armed with ladders in cooperation with units on the main fire trucks provide fire extinguishing agents and their input to extinguish fires in the upper floors, carry out rescue operations from the upper floors and evacuate property.
AL - 30 PM 512
Chassis type - Kamaz
The height of the fully extended ladder at an angle of 75 - at least 30 m;
Working load at the top of a non-leaning ladder: 18 m - 350 kgf; 24m - 100 kgf;
Lifting capacity of the ladder / crane / - angle 30 - 75 0 - 2000 kg;
Operating range -7 to + 75 ;
Rotation angle not less than 360 0;
Width in vehicle - 2500 mm;
Height in the vehicle - 3800 mm;
Length in the vehicle - 11000 mm;
Chassis type - all-wheel drive;
The number of places for combat crew - 3 hours;
Maximum speed - 70 km / h;
Average service life - 11 years
AR - sleeve car, ASh - staff car, ATSO - vehicle of equipment and communications.
2. BASIC.
AERODROME VEHICLE /AA/
Airfield fire trucks are designed to provide fire and rescue services on the runway of the airfield, extinguish fires in aircraft and helicopters, evacuate passengers and crew members from aircraft that have crashed, and also to extinguish fires at facilities near airports. Cars are used to deliver combat crew, fire equipment to the accident site of an aircraft or helicopter and supply water, VMP, highly effective fire extinguishing powders, freons and liquid bromoethyl compounds to the fire site. Aerodrome vehicles are equipped with PDS-400 gasoline-powered circular saws designed to open aircraft fuselages. To extinguish fires in enclosed spaces, aircraft compartments, cabins, engine compartments, as well as at energized electrical installations, vehicles are equipped with SZhB fire extinguishing systems and powder fire extinguishers.
Tactical - technical characteristics of AA - 60
FIRE TANKER ATs - 2.5 - 40 / ZIL -131 /
Currently, fire departments are equipped with modern means of rescuing people and extinguishing fires, which allow them to perform tasks in the most difficult fire conditions.
The department, armed with a tanker truck, a pump truck or a pump-hose vehicle, is the primary tactical fire department, capable of independently performing individual tasks of extinguishing a fire, saving people, protecting and evacuating material assets.
The main tactical unit of the fire department is the guard, which consists of two or more squads on the main fire trucks. Depending on the specifics of the protected area or object, guards can be reinforced by one or more squads on special or auxiliary fire engines.
Fire tank truck AC - 2.5 -PM - 548 A.
Gross weight - 10280 kg;
Cabin type - double;
Chassis type - all-wheel drive;
Engine power - 110 (150) kW (hp);
Number of seats - 6;
Pump capacity - 40l / s;
Base chassis - ZIL - 433440;
The highest suction height is 7.5 m;
Maximum speed - 80 km / h;
Length - 7000 mm;
Width 2500 mm;
Height 2800 mm;
Tank capacity - 2500 l;
Foam tank capacity - 200 l;
Full service life - 10 years
FIRE TANKER ATs – 5– 40/KAMAZ/
Fire tank truck AC - 5 - 40 PM 524
Weight - 15600 kg;
Number of seats - 7;
Suction height - 7.5 m;
Length - 8500; Width - 2500; height 3100 mm;
Tank capacity 5000 l;
Foam tank capacity 400 l;
Service life - 10 years.
FIRE TANKER ATs – 7– 40/KAMAZ/
Fire tank truck AC - 7 - 40 PM 524
Weight - 18255 kg;
Number of seats - 7;
Head PN - 100 m; productivity - 40 l / s;
Suction height - 7.5 m;
Maximum speed - 80 km / h;
Length - 8500; Width - 2500; height 3400 mm;
Tank capacity 7000 l;
Foam tank capacity 700 l;
Service life - 10 years.
ANR - pump-hose car. PNS - foam pumping station, AGVT - gas-water extinguishing vehicle, AB - foam extinguishing,
MINISTRY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FOR AFFAIRS
CIVIL DEFENSE, EMERGENCIES
AND DISASTER RELIEF
ST. PETERSBURG UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE FILE OF EMERCOM OF RUSSIA
fire truck operator
AL-30(131)PM-506D
Saint Petersburg
Kamentsev A.Ya., Presnov A.I. Memo to the driver-operator of the fire ladder AL-30 (131) PM-506D: St. Petersburg. St. Petersburg State Fire Service EMERCOM of Russia, 55 p.
The basic information on the safe operation of the ladder is outlined. Practical recommendations are given for identifying the most probable failures and malfunctions during the operation of the ladder for its intended purpose and performing individual operations during its maintenance.
The memo is not a textbook for initial training, but serves for AL-30 (131) PM-506D drivers-operators admitted to independent work.
Reviewers:
Saint Petersburg
INTRODUCTION
At the present stage, the domestic industry has mastered the production of many models of high-altitude rescue equipment (fire ladders and car lifts). The undisputed leader in the production of this technique in our country is Pozhtekhnika OJSC. It produces fire ladders and car lifts with a lifting height of up to 60 meters on various chassis: ZiL, KamAZ, MAZ, MZKT, TATRA, etc.
Today, the most demanded fire brigade in Russia are 30-meter ladders, which have been produced for a long time and remain the main rescue unit.
One of the directions of a rational approach to the creation of modern fire trucks is modernization through a major (restorative) repair or reconstruction of fire trucks in operation. At the end of the twentieth century, the main production of domestic fire ladders was carried out on the chassis of the ZIL-131 car. In this regard, the modernization of fire ladders to a greater extent is carried out on these chassis and, as a rule, is carried out by converting (transforming) AL-30 (131) PM-506 into AL-30 (131) PM-506D.
Thus, at present, AL-30 (131) PM-506D is the most common model of domestic fire ladders. Indeed, among the family of domestic 30-meter fire ladders, AL-30 (131) PM-506D is quite compact, maneuverable, reliable in operation, easy to operate, relatively inexpensive, both in cost and in operation, and meets the requirements of modern domestic standards.
The authors have significant experience in the operation of AL-30(131)PM-506D and pedagogical experience in the training of drivers-operators of fire ladders. Practice shows that often drivers-operators who do not have sufficient experience in operating a fire ladder and poor basic knowledge in electrical engineering need an explanation (hint), which is often not given by the factory operating instructions. In addition, there are some disagreements between the regulatory documents of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and factory instructions. So, for example, the order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated December 31, 2002 No. No. 630 prohibits working on a ladder at a wind speed of more than 10 m / s; at the same time, the operating instructions for AL-30(131)PM-506D allow operation at wind speeds of more than 10 m/s, using stretch ropes, but without any restrictions on wind speed.
In the work, the authors made an attempt to create a general algorithm of actions when working on the ladder, to reflect the purpose of the main elements that ensure the safe operation of the ladder, to clarify (more fully disclose) the individual operations of its maintenance.
The memo does not replace the technical description and operating instructions for the ladder, but serves as a hint to the driver-operator AL-30(131)PM-506D when operating the ladder.
1. MAIN TACTICAL DATA OF THE AUTOLADDER
In accordance with GOST 12.2.047-86 “Fire fighting equipment. Terms and definitions" fire ladder truck - a fire truck with a stationary mechanized retractable and rotary ladder.
All fire ladders (AL) are characterized by the following basic definitions: lift height, reach, length and working field.
Lifting height (H) is the vertical distance from the horizontal support surface to the top rung of the ladder.
Departure (B)– horizontal distance from the axis of rotation of the lifting-swivel base to the top rung of the ladder.
Ladder (boom) length (L)- the distance from the bottom to the top step of the stairs.
Working field AL- the area delineated by the top of the boom when maneuvering it with the maximum allowable values for the outreach and height for the corresponding value of the load capacity.
The working field of AL-30(131)PM-506D is shown in fig. 1.1, and in fig. 1.2 nomogram of the dependence of its allowable length under conditions of increased wind loads.
At maximum reach (H=16m), the workload at the top of the non-leaning ladder is limited 160 kg.
Rice. 1.1 Working field AL-30(131)PM-506D
fire truck ladder- a fire truck with a stationary mechanized retractable and rotary ladder.
The main structural elements of the ladder are:
- base chassis with platform and front support leg;
- power point;
- support base;
- swivel base;
- set of knees (boom);
- mechanisms for turning the tower, lifting-lowering, extending-shifting the boom;
- hydraulic system;
- electrical equipment.
- control panel (or panels) with control and blocking mechanisms.
All mechanisms and devices of the ladder provide:
- stability, strength and rigidity of the structure, allowing reliable and safe operation on surfaces with a slope of up to 60;
- alignment of the swivel base or set of elbows;
- raising-lowering a set of knees;
- extension-shift of a set of knees;
- rotation of the stairs around a vertical axis.
The base chassis for mounting components and assemblies of ladders are various modifications of ZIL, KamAZ, MAZ, Ural, MZKT, TATRA vehicles, which are selected depending on the required carrying capacity and cross-country ability.
The boom (set of knees) of the ladder, according to its purpose, is the main structural element, with the help of which all operations provided for by the technical data of the ladder are carried out. The boom consists of four, five, six or seven sections (depending on the model of the auto ladder), telescopically interconnected. In the technical literature, this design is called an open truss telescope. Each knee is made of high-strength alloy steels, and consists of two side trusses, each of which is formed by a profiled bowstring (from below) and an upper chord, interconnected by braces and uprights. The side trusses are interconnected in a horizontal plane by steps.
Sets of knees of high-rise ladders are necessarily equipped with an elevator, which serves to quickly evacuate people or lift firefighters and special equipment to a height. With the help of a winch, the elevator moves on rollers along guides welded to the upper chords of the knees. The elevator is equipped with a braking system (catcher). In the event of a winch cable break, the braking system is automatically activated and the elevator stops.
At the top of the first knee of the auto ladder, a removable fire monitor can be installed with manual (cable) or remote (based on electric drives) control, or an uncontrolled collector (the so-called “comb”) for GPS-600 foam generators. In the latter case, the ladder can act as a foam lifter.
All modern models of ladders provide for the use of a special platform for attaching an elastic sectional rescue sleeve RS-S, which allows for quick evacuation of people, including those who are unable to move independently.
A number of models of ladders are supplied with a removable or permanently attached to the top suspension cradle. A suspended cradle (most often double) gives the ladder additional features that are typical for car lifts. If the ladder is equipped with a proportional electro-hydraulic control system, then an additional control panel is installed in the cradle, from which the operator controls all movements of the boom.
The ladder truck AL-30, model PM-512B, is mounted on a KAMAZ-43114 off-road chassis. The ladder is designed to work with a reach of up to 24 meters, which is ensured by the large mass of the machine and the increased strength of the set of knees. The height of the fully extended ladder is 33 meters. The ladder is equipped with a removable cradle with a load capacity of 200 kg with an additional control panel. The machine uses a proportional electro-hydraulic control system based on Danfoss hydraulic valves.
The performance characteristics of the ladder AL-30(43114)PM512B
| Parameter name | Index |
| Base Chassis | KAMAZ-43114 |
| Wheel formula | |
| Full mass | 16960 kg |
- width - height |
|
| Engine | diesel, turbocharged and intercooled, 240 hp |
| Number of places for combat crew | 3 persons |
| Max speed | 70 km/h |
| The maximum length of the fully extended ladder at an elevation angle of 73 0 , not less than | |
| Working load at the top of a non-leaning ladder: - at a reach of 18 meters – at a departure of 24 meters |
350 + 10 kg 100 + 10 kg |
with a top load of 350 kg |
18 + 0.5 meters 24 + 0.5 meters |
| from – 4 0 to + 73 0 | |
|
is not limited |
|
| Lifting capacity when used as a crane (with offset legs) at a lifting angle of 30 … 73 0 |
2000 + 50 kg |
| Carrying capacity of a removable cradle (at not leaning top) |
200 + 10 kg |
| The time of ladder maneuvers at maximum speed with a working load in the aerial platform at: rise from 0 0 to 73 0 lowering from 73 0 to 0 0 turn by 360 0 to the right and left with the ladder shifted, raised by 73 0 |
40 + 5 sec. 35 + 5 sec. 40 + 5 sec. 35 + 5 sec. |
|
45 + 5 sec. |
|
| Working pressure in the hydraulic system: top contour bottom contour |
19 + 1 MPa (190 + 10 kgf / cm 2) 17,5 + 1 MPa (175 + 10 kgf / cm 2) |
| LS(D)-S-20U (manufactured by CJSC Robotics Engineering Center, Petrozavodsk) | |
| The presence of a rescue sleeve | available, 32 meters long |
AKP-32 (43118) PM545
Fire articulated car lift- a fire truck with a stationary mechanized rotary crank, telescopic or crank-telescopic boom, the last link of which is equipped with a cradle.
Fire articulated car lifts are similar in design to car ladders, because. their systems have much in common; support contour, rotary device, hydraulic drive, blocking systems, etc. Significantly different from ladders are only their lifting device, which is made in the form of an cranked, telescopic or cranked-telescopic boom, equipped with a stationary system of water and foam communications. A characteristic feature of the movement control of the lift arm is the mandatory location of the control panels for the lift arm both on the lifting and turning base and in the cradle.
Articulated car lifts compared to car ladders have greater maneuverability, but lack such an important advantage of the stairs as the possibility of continuous evacuation of victims without changing the position of the boom. At the same time, automatic transmissions have wider possibilities for supplying water to a height compared to ladders.
In recent years, there has been a trend towards equipping articulated telescopic car lifts with a parallel flight of stairs, which makes it possible to combine the advantages of a car lift and a car ladder in one product.
The most common are car lifts with a height of 30 and 50 meters. Currently, car lifts are being created, designed for high altitudes.
The main mechanisms and units of the car lift are:
- base chassis;
- platform with support structures for the transport position of the boom
- power group;
- hydraulic system;
- support device, including a frame, 4 hydraulic outriggers and a spring locking system;
- lifting and turning part, consisting of a rotating tower, lower, middle, small arrows and a cradle with a load capacity of 350 kg;
- built-in water-foam communication with an axial collector;
- mechanisms for laying arrows, turning the tower and turning the cradle around a vertical axis;
- electrical equipment with a system of blocking and signaling
- governing bodies.
The lift height of the car lift cradle is 30 meters, the working height is 31.5 meters, the maximum structurally specified side reach of the cradle is 17 meters, the maximum load in the cradle is 350 kg.
A water line riser is mounted along the lower, middle and small arrows. In the upper part of the riser, a fire monitor (hydromonitor) is installed on the cradle. In addition, a winch is mounted in the cradle for lifting fire extinguishers or lowering victims, a sectional rescue sleeve fastening clip, and a control panel with an intercom.
Articulated lifts are simple in design and relatively cheap, but have a very long transport length (14-15 meters) and require a large free area for deployment. Crank-telescopic lifts are free from these shortcomings.
The AKP-32 articulated telescopic lift, model PM-545, is installed on the all-wheel drive KAMAZ-43118 (6 × 6).
The boom of the 32-meter AKP-32 car lift model PM-545 is of the crank-telescopic type, with 3 all-metal telescopic box-shaped elbows and an additional hinged section, on which a swivel cradle is installed. The maximum reach of the boom reaches 17 meters, the carrying capacity of the cradle is 350 kg. In the transport position, the upper and lower booms are side by side rather than one below the other, resulting in a smaller vertical clearance of the machine. Separate control of each support allows you to perform work with supports extended from one side only.
Equipped with telescopic water-foam communications. The cradle is equipped with a fire monitor (on the riser), a control panel, a folding platform for attaching the RS-S rescue sleeve and an intercom.
The performance characteristics of the AKP-32(43118)PM545
| Parameter name | Index |
| Base Chassis | KAMAZ-43118 |
| Wheel formula | 6 × 6 (locking inter-axle and inter-wheel differentials) |
| Full mass | 20500 kg |
| Dimensions in transport position: | |
| Engine: power |
|
| Number of places for combat crew | 3 persons |
| Max speed | 90 km/h |
| The maximum length of the fully extended boom at a lifting angle of 85 0, not less than |
32 + 1 meters |
| The maximum height of lowering the knee of the boom down | - 5 meters |
| Load capacity (maximum working load) of the aerial work platform | |
| Maximum reach of the outer edge of the cradle from the axis of rotation of the swivel base with the maximum working load in the cradle | |
| Boom Angle Range | from 0 0 to + 85 0 |
| Boom swing angle right and left | is not limited |
| The time of maneuvers of the cradle of the car lift at the maximum speed of movement with the workload in the cradle at: lifting to full height dropping to the ground Rotate 360 0 |
|
| Installation time on outriggers on a horizontal platform, no more | |
| Model of a stationary robotic fire monitor | LS(D)-S-20U (manufactured by CJSC "Engineering Center for Robotics" EFER "Petrozavodsk") |
| 20 l/s | |
| Possibility of remote control of a stationary water monitor in the cradle | |
| Angle of rotation of the stationary fire monitor: · right left) |
|
| Availability and type of pneumatic jumping rescue device | |
| The presence of a rescue sleeve | available, 32 meters long |
AL-50(65115).
| Parameter name | Index |
| Base Chassis | KAMAZ-65115 with a low cab |
| Wheel formula | 6×4 |
| Gross weight, no more | 24450 kg |
| Dimensions in transport position: length, no more Width, no more height, no more |
|
| Engine: power |
diesel, turbocharged and intercooled |
| Number of places for combat crew | 3 persons |
| Max speed | 80 km/h |
| Maximum ladder height fully extended | 50 meters |
| Working load at the top of a non-leaning ladder: - at a reach of 16 meters – at a departure of 20 meters |
|
| Working reach of the top of the stairs from the axis of rotation of the rotary base: with a top load of 300 kg with load in the cradle 200 kg with a top load of 100 kg |
|
| Angle range of knee set | from – 4 0 to + 73 0 |
| The angle of rotation of the stairs to the right and left (with an angle of rise of at least 10 0) |
is not limited |
| Lift capacity | 200 kg |
| Carrying capacity of a removable cradle (when the top of the stairs is not leaning) | |
| Lifting capacity when used as a crane (with offset legs) | |
| Ladder maneuver time at maximum speed with working load in the cradle, no more, at: rise from 0 0 to 73 0 lowering from 73 0 to 0 0 extension to full length at the angle of elevation of the stairs 73 0 shifting (full) at the angle of elevation of the stairs 73 0 Turning by 360 0 to the right and left with the ladder shifted, raised by 73 0, no more lifting (lowering) of a cradle, an elevator at an angle of elevation of the stairs 73 0 |
|
| Installation time on outriggers on a horizontal platform, no more | |
| Model of a stationary robotic fire monitor | LS(D)-S-20U (manufactured by CJSC Robotics Engineering Center) |
| Feeding a stationary fire monitor | 20 l/s |
| Possibility of remote control of a stationary water monitor | |
| Availability and type of pneumatic jumping rescue device | |
| The presence of a rescue sleeve | available, 49 meters long |
ABR-ROBOT (4326)
A rapid response vehicle for rescue operations and firefighting in high-risk conditions using a light-class mobile robotic complex MRK-RP is assembled on a KAMAZ-4326 chassis. ABR-ROBOT is intended for:
- delivery of a mobile robotic complex (MRC) and additional equipment to the place of rescue operations and fire fighting;
- delivery of personnel capable of servicing and controlling the robotic tool;
- delivery to the place of work of the combat crew, fire tools and emergency equipment, a supply of fire extinguishing agents.
Performance characteristics of ABR-ROBOT(4326)with emergency rescue vehicle (ASA) functions
| Parameter name | Index |
| Base Chassis | KAMAZ-4326 |
| Wheel formula | 4 × 4 (there is a function of blocking center and wheel differentials) |
| Wheelbase | 4200 mm |
| Full mass | 11600 kg |
| Load distribution: on the front axle on the rear axle |
|
| Dimensions: | |
| Engine: power |
diesel, turbocharged and intercooled |
| Number of places for combat crew | 5 people (2 + 3) |
| Max speed | 90 km/h |
| Water tank capacity, not less than | 500 liters |
| Portable power generator "BOSCH": generator drive · Rated voltage rated frequency maximum power |
(transfer from ASA RV-2) from internal combustion engine (gasoline) |
| Set of hydraulic rescue equipment "PROSTOR" | 1 set (pumping station, scissors, wire cutters, spreader, jacks) |
| Electric generator "VEPR" | 1 PC. (N = 2.2 kW) (not used, is in storage) |
| Water mist fire extinguishing installation UPTV-300 with mounted coil and high-pressure hose with a diameter of 17.4 mm for 50 meters | 1 kit (not used, is in storage) |
| Preparation time for work: |
Composition of ABR-ROBOT(4326) with ASA functions
| No. p.p. | Name | Qty | Note |
| 1. | Light mobile robotic complex MRK-RP | 2 pcs. | |
| 2. | Water mist fire extinguishing installation UPTV-300 with mounted coil and high-pressure hose with a diameter of 17.4 mm for 50 meters | 1 set | not used |
| 3. | A set of additional equipment for MRK-RP, consisting of: | 1 set | |
| – powder fire extinguishing module with a capacity of 50 liters. | 2 pcs. | ||
| – water-foam fire extinguishing module with a capacity of 50 l. | 2 pcs. | not used | |
| – dose rate meter IMD-21B | 1 PC. | Installed on MRK-RP |
|
| – gas detector GSA-3 (GSA-AIG) | 1 PC. | Installed on MRK-RP |
|
| 4. | SPTA for MRK-RP in accordance with the SPTA list | 1 set | |
| 5. | Car VHF radio | 1 set | |
| 6. | Portable VHF radio | 2 pcs. | |
| 7. | Signal loudspeaker system | 1 PC. | |
| 8. | lighting kit | 1 PC. | |
| 9. | FOS with AZU | 1 PC. | |
| 10. | A set of hydraulic rescue equipment "PROSTOR", adopted in the system of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, consisting of: | ||
| – wire cutters KGS-80 | 1 PC. | ||
| – combined scissors NKGS-80; | 1 PC. | ||
| – middle expander RSGS-80; | 1 PC. | ||
| – pumping station SGS-1-80DHM; | 1 PC. | ||
| - double-acting double-sided cylinder TsGS-2/80; | 1 PC. | ||
| – hand pump НРС-2/80; | 1 PC. | ||
| – single-row extension coil KUS-1/15 | 1 PC. | ||
| Fire-fighting equipment | |||
| 11. | GPVK foam generator | 1 PC. | |
| 12. | Motor pump with the possibility of water intake from an external source Q = 600 l/min. | 1 PC. | |
| 13. | Fire extinguisher OU-5 | 1 PC. | |
| No. p.p. | Name | Qty | Note |
| 14. | Fire extinguisher OP-5 | 2 pcs. | |
| 15. | Pressure fire hose Dat=51mm, L=20m | 5 pieces. | |
| 16. | Trunk manual universal combined RSKU-50A | 1 PC. | |
| 17. | Column fire KPA | 1 PC. | |
| Special Equipment | |||
| 18. | Heat reflective suit TK-800 | 3 pcs. | |
| 19. | Special suit "RZK" | 3 pcs. | |
| 20. | Breathing apparatus AP "Omega" | 3 pcs. | |
| Means for first aid | |||
| 21. | Automobile first aid kit | 1 PC. | |
| 22. | medical styling | 1 PC. | |
| 23. | Lightweight sanitary stretcher | 1 PC. | |
| Equipment and tools | |||
| 24. | Warning triangle | 1 PC. | Chassis SPTA |
| 25. | wheel chocks | 2 pcs. | Chassis SPTA |
| 26. | bayonet shovel | 1 PC. | |
| 27. | Sledgehammer | 1 PC. | |
| 28. | Hook for opening hatches | 1 PC. | |
| 29. | Rope | 1 PC. | |
| 30. | Axe | 1 PC. | |
| 31. | Scrap fireman with a ball head | 1 PC. | |
| 32. | Universal fire crowbar | 1 PC. | |
| 33. | Towing cable made of steel rope with a carrying capacity of 8-10 tons. | 1 PC. | On the roof of the superstructure |
| 34. | Canister for gasoline 5 l. | 1 PC. | in the cockpit |
| 35. | Dielectric scissors | 1 PC. | |
| 36. | Dielectric gloves | 1 pair | |
| 37. | Dielectric bots | 1 pair | |
| 38. | Dielectric mat | 1 PC. | |
| 39. | Clamp 80 | 1 PC. | |
| 40. | GP 50x70 | 1 PC. | |
| 41. | GP 50x80 | 1 PC. | |
| 42. | GP 70x80 | 1 PC. | |
| 43. | Key K-80 | 1 PC. | |
| 44. | Key K-150 | 1 PC. | |
| 45. | Driver tool kit | 1 set | Chassis SPTA |
The NT598.00.00.000 mobile robotic complex for reconnaissance and firefighting (hereinafter referred to as MRK-RP) is intended for use in the aftermath of accidents aggravated by chemical and radiation contamination, associated with the risk of death and injury to personnel.
Specifications MRK-RP
| Curb weight of MR, no more than, kg | 190 | |
| Maximum speed of MR movement, not less than, km/h | 3,0 | |
| The height of the threshold obstacle overcome by the MR, m | 0,25 | |
| Permissible angle of roll, trim MR, no more than, degree | 35 | |
| Depth of the water barrier overcome by the MR, no more than, m | 0,1 | |
| Depth of snow cover overcome by MR, no more than, m | 0,1 | |
| Rated load capacity of the manipulator, kg | 30 | |
| Maximum permissible load capacity of the manipulator, kg | 50 | |
| Remote control of MR with PU: – by cable, m, up to - by radio in an open area, m, up to |
||
| Overall dimensions MR, no more than, m | ||
| length | 1,35 | |
| width | 0,65 | |
| height | 0,7 | |
| Time of continuous operation, h, not less | 4 |
AG-20-0.3 NATISK (433362)
P FIRE CARS OF THE GAS AND SMOKE PROTECTION SERVICE intended for:
- delivery to the place of fire (accident) of personnel of the gas and smoke protection service, personal respiratory and vision protection equipment, fire-technical equipment;
- deploying on fire (accident) control post (security post) GDZS;
- illumination of the place of fire (accident);
- providing electricity in case of fire (accident) of the exported electrical equipment, power tools, smoke exhausters, searchlights, etc.
AG vehicles consist of the following main parts:
- base chassis with additional transmission to drive the electric power plant;
- saloon for calculation and compartments for fire-fighting equipment;
- electric power plant;
- additional electrical equipment systems;
- fixed lighting tower.
Three-phase current generators with a power of 8, 16, 20, 30 kW with a current frequency of 50 and 400 Hz and an output voltage of 230 or 400 V should be used as the main power sources for electric power plants.
The vehicle is equipped with a stationary drive three-phase alternating current generator GS-250-20/4, with a power of 20 kW, a current frequency of 50 Hz and an output voltage of 400 V.
The car is equipped with a 6-meter telescopic mast with 2 fixed spotlights.
The car is equipped with a hydraulic rescue tool, a mechanized tool with a petrol and electric drive, PDE-7 fire smoke exhausters, remote searchlights, coils with an electric cable, electrical branches and other fire-technical weapons and equipment necessary for the operation of the GDZS links when extinguishing fires and performing rescue operations.
Tactical and technical characteristics of AG-20-0.3-NATISK (433362)
| Parameter name | Index |
| Base Chassis | ZIL-433362 |
| Wheel formula | 4×2 |
| Full mass | 10500 kg |
| Dimensions: | |
| Engine: power |
carburettor |
| Number of places for combat crew | 9 people |
| Max speed | 80 km/h |
| Built-in generator: · location |
|
| Generator drive | from chassis engine |
| Rated voltage | 400/230V |
| Rated frequency | 50 Hz |
| Max Power | 20 kW |
| Light tower lifting height | 6 m |
| Hoist drive | pneumatic |
| Number/power of spotlights | 2 pcs / 1.0 kW |
| Spotlight control | manual |
| Respiratory protection equipment: · quantity |
compressed air breathing apparatus with PDM 1 hour |
| Protective suits: – heat reflective – protective FIR-5 |
|
| Cable reels: – stationary – portable |
|
| Special emergency equipment and tools: a set of emergency rescue tools: – electric saw – electric slotter Equipment for smoke removal: – electric smoke exhauster DPE-7 – pressure hose - suction hose |
1 kit |
| Performance characteristics
mobile fire extinguishing installationNATISK-300 M BL» |
|
| Model | NATISK-300MBL |
| Overall dimensions, l×w×h (horizontal version) |
1350×1200×800mm |
| Curb weight | 450 kg |
| Water tank | 300 liters |
| Dosing foam concentrate | 0,6 % |
| Foamer type | hydrocarbon synthetic 1%, production of the Russian Federation |
| Foam volume | 1.8 liters |
| Foam ratio | 5 – 20 |
| The volume of produced foam, multiplicity from 1:5 (wet foam) to 1:20 (dry foam) |
1500 - 6000 liters |
| Solution consumption | 0.6 - 1.8 l/s |
| Finished foam consumption | 15 l/s |
| Installation operating time | up to 15 minutes |
| Feed method | intermittent |
| Foam jet distance | up to 25 meters |
| air balloon | 2 pcs. × 50 l. (P \u003d 200 kgf / cm 2) |
| Working pressure in the plant | 5 - 7 kgf / cm 2 |
| Sleeve line | diameter 51 mm with GR-50 |
| Hose line length | 100 meters (5 sleeves of 20 m) |
| Barrel manual foam pistol type "DELTA" | 1 PC. |
Purpose: - for delivery of combat crew and fire equipment to the place of fire; carrying out rescue work in the upper floors of buildings and performing auxiliary work at height; extinguishing a fire with water or VMP using a fire monitor and using it as a crane with a set of knees folded.
AL by length are classified:
AL-18(52)12 - light type - up to 20 m.
- medium type - from 20 to 30 m.
AL-45 (133GYa) PM - 501 - heavy type - more than 30 m.
AL-45(257)PM - 109
Classification of fire AL:
TTX fire AL-30(131)PM-506
1. Base chassis ZIL - 131
2. The number of places for combat crew - 3
the maximum length of a fully extended staircase (m) is 30 (it is possible to reach the 8th floor).
The maximum working load at the top of the stairs at an elevation angle of 75 o (kN) is 250.
Climb angle range (deg) - 0 o - 75 o.
Longest outreach (m) steel turning circle with working load at the top - 16
Lifting capacity when using the ladder as a crane (with the ladder shifted) (kg) at the angle of elevation hail: 0 o - 30 o - 500 kg; 30 o - 60 o - 750 kg; 60 about - 75 about - 1000 kg.
The minimum angle of elevation at which the knee can move under its own weight, deg. - 30 o.
The working pressure in the hydraulic system is 16 (MPa).
The working fluid of the hydraulic system is VMG-3 multigrade oil.
The capacity of the hydraulic system tank is 90 liters.
The smallest time for ladder maneuvers without load (C) rise from 0 o to 75 o - 25.
extension to full length at an elevation angle of 75 ° - 25
rotate 360 about - 60
Maneuver: Raise from 0° to 75°, fully extend and turn 90° to 90°.
Norms of regulation of fire protection equipment, equipment and inventory on the ladder AL-30 (131) PM-50B.
Fire monitor barrel - 1 pc.
Replaceable nozzles for fire monitors f25 and 28 mm. - 2 pcs.
Rescue rope dl. 30 m in a case - 1 pc.
Rope for fire monitor control - 1
Stretch rope with spool - 2 sets.
Comb for 4 GPS - 600, 2000m - 1 pc.
Assault ladder - 3 pcs.
tool kit for cutting electric wires - kit.
manual non-mechanical fire fighting tool PTO - 27 items in total.
General device AL-30(131)PM-506
fire ladder chassis with cab, platform and front support frame;
set of knees (telescopically retractable);
support device;
lifting and turning device;
additional transmission to the hydraulic pump;
motion drives (lifting, turning and extending) with a hydraulic system;
governing bodies;
automatic safety and blocking devices;
additional electrical equipment and communications.
Fire ladder chassis with cab, platform and front support frame:
base chassis ZIL-131 with additional transmission to the hydraulic pump;
triple driver's cab;
metal box-shaped platform;
a box for placing the exported equipment;
behind the cab there is a front support frame, which serves to support the set of knees in the transport position.
In case of failure of the additional transmission or engine, the AL design provides for an emergency drive to bring the AL from the working position to the transport position.
Hydraulic pump - pump - hydraulic motor ***** - piston type.
Operating principle:
When disk 1 rotates, the system of pistons with curtains will also rotate, and at the same time rotor 2 will rotate.
Cylindrical holes of the rotor will alternately connect to the suction and pressure chambers of the hydraulic pump.
Himself to one of the cavities (suction or pressure) to supply oil under pressure, and from the other to divert into the oil tank, then the mechanism will work as an engine.
On a fire ladder truck, such mechanisms are used as pumps to create a high pressure of the working fluid and as motors for turning the ladder and extending the set of knees. We will return to them.
Knee set:
It consists of four main and one additional knees, which are pulled out along the guide grooves on the rollers.
Knee numbering from top to bottom.
The lower - the fourth knee is attached to the swivel frame pivotally using a king pin. The extension of the main knees is carried out with the help of steel twin ropes. The principle of extension is similar to that on the retractable manual fire escape L-3K. The lower ends of the extension cables of the third elbow are wound onto the winch drum, and the upper ends pass through the blocks installed on the top of the 4th elbow, and are fastened in the lower part of the 3rd elbow through a screw coupling with right and left threads, which serves to reduce the length and tension of the right and left rope branches.
The lower ends of the ropes of the second knee are fixed at the top of the 4th knee, pass through the blocks at the top of the 3rd knee and are fixed in the lower part of the second knee through the adjusting threaded sleeve. The ropes of the first knee are fixed with their lower ends to the top of the 3rd knee, pass through the blocks at the top of the second knee and are fixed through the blocks and the clutch in the lower part of the first knee.
With such a system, all the knees move relative to each other at the same speed, and their absolute speeds will be different.
support device.
It serves to ensure the stability of the AL during operation and to prevent overloading of the knees.
Device: - support frame;
Four retractable supports with hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic locks.
Two mechanisms for blocking (turning off) the rear springs with hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic locks;
Control spools located at the rear of the platform on the left and right.
When the front supports are extended, the spring locking mechanisms also work.
1; 2; 3 - pistons
4; 5 - fittings
When the oil rises under pressure into the fitting 4, the piston 1 moves to the left and opens the path A.
In this case, pistons 2 and 3 move to the right and oil from cavity B flows through fitting 5. (and vice versa.
Lifting device:
Serves as a support base for a set of knees and provides lifting, lowering and turning of the stairs.
Device: - turntable, consisting of fixed and moving parts;
swivel frame;
lifting frame;
Inside the slewing frame on the slewing ring and on the lifting frame there are ladder drives: - axial manifold;
two lift cylinders;
extension and rotation drives;
side leveling mechanism - to ensure that the steps of the stairs are always in a horizontal position. Works automatically.
Hydraulic drive systems for lifting, extending and turning.
The maple set is lifted by two hydraulic cylinders. For safe operation of the lift drive with the ladder extended, hydraulic locks and friction hydraulic grippers are provided.
The drive for extending and shifting the knees consists of:
hydraulic motor;
worm gear;
drum for winding steel ropes.
The worm shaft has a braking device, which, according to the principle of operation, is similar to the hydraulic grip of the lifting cylinder.
The slewing drive consists of:
hydraulic motor;
worm gear;
drive gear.
Hydraulic system: - ensures the operation of all actuators of the ladder.
Consists of: - hydraulic pump;
control cranes;
cylinders;
hydraulic motors;
safety valve;
axial collector;
gas sensor;
switching taps;
electric hydraulic pump;
hydraulic locks;
hydraulic pump unloading crane;
automatic engine speed controller;
check valves and oil lines.
AL controls, interlocks and additional electrical equipment:
control panel with a seat for the operator;
on the remote control there are 4 handles "Raise - lower", "extension - shift", "turn" and an engine gas sensor;
extension length indicator and lift indicator;
pressure gauge showing the pressure of the working fluid in the drain line.
The safety of the AL operation is ensured by the presence of blocking devices in its design, this:
limit switches at the top of the stairs that automatically turn off the rotation or extension of the stairs if the top of the stairs hits an obstacle;
extension length limiters - turn off the extension drive when the maximum allowable length is reached at a given knee lift angle;
load limiters;
limiters for stair departure, descent angle and overturning moment.
In all cases of operation of blocking devices, the operator on the console is warned by sound and light signals, and the movement of the stairs is turned off.
Additional electrical equipment:
includes: - alarm devices;
external lighting, lighting of workplaces and compartments;
sensors and signal lamps for various purposes;
speakerphone device.
These include:
two-channel sound signal;
electrical intercom;
lighting headlights on the tops of the first and fourth knees;
lamps for lighting the console and turning on the locks;
signal lamps;
emergency electric drive of the hydraulic system, etc.
The order of installation of fire auto ladders:
In the transport position, the set of knees must rest on the front support frame, the supports must be raised, the rear springs must be released.
The entrance to the serviced object should be selected based on the maximum possible convenience of the AL installation and its operation.
It is advisable to install the AL at a distance of approximately 10 meters from the building.
Installation should be carried out parallel to the building, and after lifting the set of knees, turn them towards the wall. If local conditions do not allow driving on the side, you can install the AL and perpendicular, but not more than 18 meters from the axis of the turntable from the wall (AL-30) and not more than 16 meters (AL - 45).
After installation on the selected site, it is necessary to tighten the hand brake;
On the AL-30, put the RK engagement lever in the neutral position, and the gearbox lever in fourth gear;
Turn on the compressor;
press the pedal of the pump unloading valve at AL-30 and make sure that there is sufficient pressure in the hydraulic system according to the pressure gauge;
Lower the supports to a hard stop in the ground and block the springs (first the front supports are lowered, and then the rear ones);
If necessary, put wooden linings under the supports, and stops under the rear wheels.
Management at work .
the first operation is to raise the set of knees, since all other movements (rotation, extension) are blocked;
lifting must first be done at low speed, and after reaching an angle of 30-40º, transfer to high speed;
when the limit angle of inclination of the set of knees is reached, their lifting at the AL stops;
it should be borne in mind that AL-30 when the top of the ladder approaches the boundary of the safety field (during the lowering of the extended ladder), the lowering automatically stops;
when turning the set of knees to the right, the operator must be especially careful) because his field of view in this case is partially obstructed by the set of knees;
turning of the fully extended and raised ladder must be carried out with very smooth acceleration and deceleration, in order to avoid ladder oscillations;
the most responsible movement of the ladder is to extend its knees to the required height. Extending for AL is possible only after lifting the set of knees at an angle of 10º, full extension for AL-30 is possible at an elevation angle of 50º and higher;
extension of the knees is carried out, as a rule, 1-1.5 m above the roof eaves, platforms, fences, etc.;
the approach of the top of the stairs to the border of the field of movement and, in particular, to the place of support must be carried out at low speed;
after the extension is stopped, it is necessary to put the knees on the contactors;
in windy weather, when extending the ladder, stretching ropes should be used;
if the ladder is used using a support, then it should only touch the support, and the pressure on the support should be transmitted only when the set of knees is loaded;
the ladder before shifting must be raised, removed from the support and extended by 50 mm .;
the laying of the stairs is carried out by lowering the set of knees shifted to the stop on the front support post;
in order to reduce the heating of the working fluid, load the pump with working pressure only when performing movements. In the intervals between movements in the hydraulic system, there must be an idle mode;
