Comfortable temperature in the office for a person. The standards of working time in the heat - reduction of working time

The fee for utilities is growing every year, especially in the crisis for the economy time. Unfortunately, it is impossible to say anything about their quality. When citizens give a significant part of their blood funds to ensure comfortable living conditions, utility services fail to show unfair at all fronts of their work.

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If during the independent measurement you found that the temperature rate is reduced, it should be reported on this emergency dispatch service. If the heat dissipation is not caused by natural factors (for example, an accident on the heating cutter), the dispatcher calls an emergency brigade on the house, which is the official act of measurement.

The measurement should be conducted by a registered device that has all the necessary technical documents. The act indicates such information:

• date of its compilation,
• characteristics of the apartment,
• commission composition,
• instrument data
• temperature values
• signatures of all members of the Commission.

The act is drawn up in two copies, one of which remains at the owner of the apartment, and the other - at the staff of the Housing and Communal Services.

Multiplicity of air exchange

The air temperature is not the only parameter directly affecting the comfort and safety of people living in the house. An important for the body is an air exchange: the presence of fresh air, ventilating residential and non-residential premises.

This parameter is also regulated by Sanpina's regulatory documents. Thus, the required rate of multiplicity of air exchange for residential premises of 18 m² is 3 m³ / h per square meter, for the kitchen - three times more.

The multiplicity of air exchange is a characteristic determined by the ratio of the removed or supplied from the room for an hour of air to the volume of this room.

How to make a heat carrier?

The heat carrier in the central heating system is hot waterflowing from under the tap.

You can measure its temperature in various ways, but the simplest is measuring the temperature thermometer of crane water, poured into a glass.

It is also possible to measure pipe temperature. The value of this parameter must be equal to 50-70 ° C.

Responsibility of municipal services for violating the temperature standards

If the temperature indoors in the winter is below the norm, what to do?

By law, citizens have the right to demand reducing the fee for heat by 0.15% for each hour of non-compliance with utility services of your temperature rate. After carrying out simple calculations, it is possible to establish that for 4 weeks of the provision of low-quality heating the house fee for it decreases by more than 90%. Of course, public utilities will not voluntarily agree to such recalculation, and therefore it is necessary to go to court.

Application for recalculating heating fees in the management company can be downloaded.

The story knows examples when citizens managed to defend their rights. So, in 2014, a resident of the Perm Territory recovered 136 thousand rubles from utility services for non-compliance with the communal services of its obligations to ensure her house with warmth.

Temperature standards in the apartment. Watch the video:

At work, a person conducts the prevailing part of the day for a long period of his life, therefore, the requirements regulate the hygiene indicators of the microclimate of the premises where people work are working. It is especially important to observe them in the office, where employees are mainly mental labor, for which relative hypodynamine is characterized, and therefore the negative consequences of the wrong regime are further exacerbated.

We study the requirements of the law to the temperature regime in office premises, as well as the responsibility of the employer for their violation.

The importance of office microclimate

Temperature regime is very effect on the well-being and performance of people. Increased or reduced air temperature, operating at the employee, long, does not simply have a negative impact on health, but also reduces the productivity of labor. Office staff perform a variety of actions, most of which are associated with long-term finding in the same position, as a rule, sitting and larger:

• work at the computer;
• paperwork;
• communicate with customers;
• make decisions, etc.

Mental work and bodily facilities are poorly adjacent to the uncomfortable temperature indoor. The researchers emphasized that deviations even within one degree influence the effectiveness of office work, which makes sense to even reduce the working day if it is impossible to ensure due microclimate.

IMPORTANT! Ensuring the proper temperature regime in the office is the legislative responsibility of the employer, regardless of the form of ownership and the level of the organization's subordination.

Comfort or optimum

Any office worker wants work to be carried out in a comfortable environment. But the concept of comfort is too subjective, because it is tied to the individual sensations of each particular person, and they have all different. What is acceptable for one may be unpleasant for another. It is for this reason that the concept of "comfortable conditions" is not used in official documentation and regulations.

Instead of the subjective term "Comfort" in professional vocabulary, a more accurate and certain parameter "Optimal conditions" is used. As for the optimal air temperature, this is a value determined by complex physiological studies and calculations that take into account the average human needs.

NOTE! Requirements for optimal temperature conditions relate to the field of legislation, which is fixed in relevant regulatory documents.

Sanpine guarding the health of employees

The sanitary standards of the Russian Federation are assembled in a special code, which determines the optimal hygienic and health standards for different areas of human life, including employment. This documentation relating to the medical and technical sectors, and at the same time legislative, so mandatory for implementation.

Abbreviation "SanPiN" decrypts as sanitary rules and norms, "it is somewhat consonant with snow-building standards and rules, but they should not be confused, these are documents from different workers.

REFERENCE! A document regulating optimal conditions in the workplace is called SanPine 2.2.4.548-96 "Hygienic requirements for microclimate of industrial premises". It provides regulations for labor protection for employees of offices (in the text of the law they are classified as the category A) Category A category A) and workers in production. These rules and norms adopted under the Federal Law No. 52 "On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population" of March 30, 1999.

The obligation to comply with employers the requirements of Sanpina is supported by Art. 209 and Art. 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, which refers to the responsibility in strict observance by employers' labor protection rules and timely activities of sanitary and hygienic, medical and prophylactic, rehabilitation and other character. Art. 163 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation prescribes employers a set of measures to ensure optimal working microclimate.

Seasonal temperature requirements in the office

In cold and warm seasons, the optimal temperature is achieved in different ways. Accordingly, the requirements for the microclimate will differ, as well as the activities provided for by Sanpin in case of impossibility of ensuring the temperature regime or its serious disorders.

To not be too hot

The prolonged effect of increased temperature is especially detrimental to the health and health of employees. In a closed work room, it can be exacerbated by the large cluster of the people, the presence of working office equipment, as well as compliance with the special dress code.

In this regard, the optimal temperature values \u200b\u200band the permissible maximum in the hot period of the year are legally established. For office workers, they make up 23-25 \u200b\u200b° C with a relative humidity of 40-60%. It is allowed to increase temperatures up to 28 ° C.

Over the summer temperature in the office

If the thermometer bar inside the office is rejected from the optimum by more than 2 ° C, it becomes much more difficult to work. The employer will have to put air conditioner for employees and ensure its normal operation and timely service.

If this is not done for some reason, the employee should not be badly tolerated the exhausting heat, and trying to meet professional requirements. Sanitary standards allow employees with a complete basis to reduce the standard eight-hour working day, which is calculated by the temperature requirements:

• 29 ° С allow you to work 6 hours instead of 8;
• 30 ° C enable two-hour reduction;
• each subsequent degree exceeding the norm reduces the requirements for working time for another 1 hour;
• if the thermometer value reached 32.5 ° C, you can not linger at work longer than 1 hour.

FOR YOUR INFORMATION! Many employees point out the negative impact of the air conditioner, comparable in harm with heat and stuff. The same requirements of SanPine, along with temperature and humidity, limit the speed of air in the room, which should not go beyond the range of 0.1-0.3 m / s. It follows that the employee should not be under the jet of the air conditioner.

Cold - enemy work

In too cold premises, no work argues, especially office, when the body cannot warm up the movement. If for some categories of production workers, it is permissible to reduce the ambient temperature to 15 ° C, and then it is short-term, for "white collar" it is unacceptable.

In the cold season, the indoors should be respected by a comfortable temperature value - 22-24 ° C. Permissible oscillations of the norm to 1-2 ° C, and briefly during the working day, the thermometer can "jump" by 3-4 ° C.

What to do if the office is cold

The staff should spend at work all 8 hours only if the temperature does not fall below 20 ° C. Each next step towards the cold legitimately reduces the duration of stay in the insufficiently heated room:

• 19 ° С Get the opportunity of a semi-hour working day;
• 18 ° C - 6 hours of work, and further descending;
• 13 ° С allow you to stay in the office no more than an hour.

Features of temperature measurements

Since the duration of work depends on the temperature component, the oscillations of which only 1 ° C so strongly affect the efficiency of the work, it is necessary to observe the accuracy of measurements.

With unscrupulous terms, employers or employees may arise temptation to overestimate or reduce the true meaning of temperature indicators. Errors are also possible with inaccurate devices and incorrect placement.

To avoid complications with the determination of air temperature, legislation obligs to place the thermometer at a distance of exactly 1 meter from the floor.

Liability of the employer for non-compliance with the requirements of the office microclimate

If the bosses do not want to fulfill his duties to provide personnel with optimal conditions for work, for example, it does not establish the air conditioning needed in the hot season or the heater in the cold season, employees should not tolerate his arbitrariness from fear of dismissal. After appealing to the sanitary and epidemiological service, the organization will comprehend check, and if the claims are confirmed, not to avoid administrative responsibility.

In addition to the inevitable requirements to eliminate violations, a serious penalty in the amount of 10-12 thousand rubles will record a negligible employer in the amount of 10-12 thousand rubles. And if it does not fix it in time, then its activities can stop for 3 months (Art. 6.3. Administrative Code of the Russian Federation).

Those workers who work in office premises, the fulfillment of the work of which is characterized by insignificant physical efforts and seating position, SanPine refers to category IA. For this category of employees, 23-25 \u200b\u200b° C is recognized as a comfortable temperature in the summer period, and in the winter - 22-24 ° C. In the case when these norms are not fulfilled, office workers have the right to require a reduction in the duration of the working day.

So, when the temperature in the office rises to + 29 ° C, the duration of the working day, depending on the category of work being performed, should be reduced to 3-6 hours. When the thermometer mark reached + 32.5 ° C, the maximum duration of the working day is set for 1 hour. In the case when in the cold season, the temperature in the office room is below the norm and is + 19 ° C, the working day can be reduced by 1 hour. One hour a day you can work when the air temperature in your workplace dropped to + 13 ° C.

The activities of the enterprise systematically violating established sanitary standards may be suspended for up to 90 days.

Responsibility of the employer

You can also protect your rights by referring to the State Labor Inspectorate.

If your employer ignores the requirements established by labor legislation, it is necessary to contact the territorial sanitary and epidemiological service. If the violation is confirmed, the enterprise can be fined in the amount of from 10 to 20 thousand rubles.

Almost all citizens of the country spend most of the day for several decades at work. In order for the health of the working people did not deteriorate due to employment on a particular enterprise, the law obliges employers to take care of creating a comfortable microclimate in office space. It would seem that the work of office staff cannot be considered difficult, but the fulfillment of their duties is associated with hypodynamines (lack of body mobility), which means that the wrong temperature will affect the health of the personnel quickly. It is for this reason that legislation strictly regulates the sanitary standards of temperature in the office.

WHY SANITARY TEMPERATURES IN THE OFFICE MUST MUST

Employees who spend the entire working day in the office of the company are engaged in mental labor - they draw up documentation, work at the computer, arrange negotiations with customers and counterparties, solve operational tasks, respond to correspondence, develop projects, etc. Combines the listed functions that they are all running in a sitting position - office staff suffer from hypodynamies, that is, lack of movement. This mode of operation negatively affects the state of health, and the unfavorable temperature regime only aggravates the position.

Scientists have conducted a lot of studies, the results of which showed that the deviation of the temperature indicator from the norm within the limits of just one degree so negatively affects the effectiveness of office work, which it is advisable to reduce the work day to the employer, if the optimal microclimate in the room is not possible. It follows that the employer is obliged to observe the sanitary standards of temperature in the office not only because this requires the law, but also due to a sharp reduction in the productivity of personnel.

What is meant by comfortable working conditions and optimal conditions

In order for the work of office personnel to become more efficient, the employer needs to create comfortable conditions for work. But the concept of comfort is subjective - each employee may have its own idea of \u200b\u200bcomfortable working conditions, it all depends on individual preferences, and this fully touches the temperature regime. One employee prefers that the office was "fresh", the other complains about the air conditioning and the incessant runny nose. How, in this case, the employer determine the "necessary" temperature indicator?

In fact, the concept of "comfort" does not apply in regulatory acts and official documents. Therefore, the employer is not obliged to carry out surveys among the workers in order to find out what air temperature will give their consent. In professional vocabulary, the term "optimal conditions" is used. The optimal air temperature in the office premises was determined by carrying out a plurality of complex physiological studies and calculations, taking into account the average human resources. And the employer can only be followed by the developed standards given in regulatory documents.

Sanitary temperature standards in the office - Sanpin

All the necessary information about sanitary standards, including concerning the air temperature in the office, the employer may find in Sanpin - sanitary rules and norms - which is a special code that defines optimal health and hygienic standards for various areas of human life, including employment. SanPine is obligatory for use, since this documentation is legislative (Art. 209 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, Art. 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

The list of specific measures that should be taken to employers to ensure optimal working microclimate are given in the text of Article 163 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

Important! The sanitary standards of temperature in the office are given in the text of Sanpina 2.2.4.548-96 "Hygienic requirements for microclimate of industrial premises", the norms of which are adopted in accordance with the Federal Law of 03/30/1999 No. 52.

Requirements for temperature in the office in the summer and winter season

Since in the summer and winter, the employer provides an optimal temperature in different ways, the microclimate requirements also differ. Sanpin obliges employers to take certain measures if the temperature cannot be installed.

A long impact on the body of a high temperature has a detrimental effect on the health of employees and their performance. The situation is aggravated by closed windows, a large accumulation of people, high humidity, working office equipment, the presence of a dress code in the enterprise. Cold offices also do not contribute to good well-being and effective work, especially for employees who cannot warm themselves movement. For some manufacturing workers, a short-term reduction in temperature is permissible up to 15 s, but not for office employees. The permissible temperature range is as follows:

Important! Installation of the air conditioner and its timely service is the responsibility of the employer, and to collect money from employees (or to hold the salary to the climatic equipment is unacceptable.

If the employer does not comply with the sanitary standards of temperature in the office, the legislation allows employees to reduce their working hours depending on the thermometer indicators:

State Sanitary and Epidemiological System
rationing of the Russian Federation

Federal sanitary rules, norms and hygienic
Standards

2.2.4. Physical factors
Production environment

Hygienic requirements for microclimate
Production premises

Sanitary rules and norms

SanPine 2.2.4.548-96

Ministry of Health of Russia

Moscow 1997.

1 . Developed: Research Institute of Labor Rams (Afanasyeva R.F., Repin G.N., Mikhailova N.S., Bessonova N.A., Burmistrova OV, Losik T.K.); Moscow Research Institute of Hygiene. F.F. Erisman (Ustyushin B.V.); With the participation of the St. Petersburg Research Institute of Labor and Profa Bulk Research Institute (Sinitina E.V., Chashin V.P.); GoskomSannadzor of Russia (Lykkin B.G., Kucherenko A.I.).

2 . Approved and put into effect by the Resolution of the State Committee for State Committee on October 1, 1996, No. 21.

3 . Entered instead of the "sanitary standards of the microclimate of industrial premises" approved by the USSR Ministry of Health from 31.03.86, No. 4088-86.

Law of the RSFSR "On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population"

"Sanitary rules, norms and hygienic standards (hereinafter - sanitary rules) are regulatory acts that establish the safety criteria and (or) harmlessness for a person's environmental factors and the requirements for ensuring the favorable conditions for its livelihoods.

Sanitary rules are required to comply with all government agencies and community associations, enterprises and other business entities, organizations and institutions, regardless of their subordination and forms of ownership, officials and citizens "(Article 3).

"An unlawful, guilty (deliberate or careless) act (action or inaction) associated with non-compliance with the Sanitary legislation of the RSFSR, including existing sanitary regulations, is affected by the sanitary offense.¼

Officials and citizens of the RSFSR, who admitted a sanitary offense can be attracted to disciplinary, administrative and criminal responsibility "(Article 27).

Approved

Date of introduction: since approval

2.2.4 . Physical factors
Production environment

Hygienic requirements for microclimate
Production premises

Hygienic Requirements to Occupational Microclimate

Sanitary rules and norms

SanPine 2.2.4.548-96

1. General provisions and scope

1.1 . These sanitary rules and norms (hereinafter - sanitary rules) are intended to prevent the adverse effects of the microclimate of jobs, industrial premises for well-being, functional state, human health and human health.

1.2 . These sanitary rules apply to the microclimate indicators in the workplace of all types of industrial premises and are mandatory for all enterprises and organizations. References to the obligation to comply with the requirements of these sanitary rules should be included in the regulatory and technical documents: standards, construction standards and rules, technical conditions and other regulatory and technical documents regulating the operational characteristics of production facilities, technological, engineering and sanitary equipment that determine the provision hygienic standards of microclimate.

1.3 . In accordance with Articles 9 and 34 of the Law of the RSFSR "On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population" in organizations, production control should be carried out on compliance with the requirements of sanitary rules and conducting preventive measures aimed at preventing the occurrence of diseases working in industrial premises, as well as monitoring observance of working conditions and recreation and implementation of collective and individual protection measures working from the adverse effects of microclimate.

1.4 . The leaders of enterprises, organizations and institutions, regardless of the forms of ownership and subordination, in order to ensure production control are required to bring jobs in accordance with the requirements for the microclimate provided for by these sanitary regulations.

1.5 . State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision and Control over the implementation of these sanitary rules is carried out by the bodies and institutions of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation, and the departmental sanitary and epidemiological surveillance and controls - bodies and institutions of the sanitary and epidemiological profile of relevant ministries and departments.

1.6 . The State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the construction of new and reconstruction of existing industrial premises is carried out at the project development stages and the introduction of facilities, taking into account the nature of the technological process and the compliance of engineering and sanitary equipment, the requirements of these sanitary rules and the construction standards and the rules "Heating, Ventilation and conditioning".

1.7 . Project documentation for the construction and reconstruction of industrial premises should be agreed with the bodies and institutions of the State Sangend Service of Russia.

1.8 . Commissioning of industrial premises In order to assess the compliance of the hygienic parameters of the microclimate, the requirements of these sanitary rules should be carried out with the obligatory participation of representatives of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Russian Federation.

2. Standards External Links

2.1 . Law of the RSFSR "On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population".

2.2 . Regulations on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation and the Regulation on State Sanitary and Epidemiological Regulation, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 5, 1994, No. 625.

2.3 . Guide "General requirements for building, presenting and issuing sanitary and hygienic and epidemiological regulatory and methodological documents" of February 9, 1994P 1.1.004-94.

3. Terms and Operation

3.1 . Production premises - Closed spaces in specially intended buildings and structures in which constantly (on shifts) or periodically (during the working day) are carried out by the work of people.

3.2 . Working a place - Plot of room, on which labor activity is carried out during the work shift or part of it. The workplace may be several sections of the production premises. If these sites are located all over the room, the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe room is considered the workstation.

3.3 . Cold period of the year - The period of the year, characterized by the average daily temperature of the outer air, equal to +10 ° C and below.

3.4 . Warm period of the year - The period of the year, characterized by the average daily temperature of the outer air above +10 ° C.

3. 5 . Average daily temperature outdoor air - The average temperature of the outer air, measured at certain hours of day after the same time intervals. It is accepted according to the meteorological service.

3.6 . Diamendence work by categories It is carried out on the basis of the intensity of the common energy consumption of the body in Kcal / h (W). Characteristics of individual categories of work (I, IB, II A, II B, III ) presented in the application .

3.7 environments (TNS) - The combined effect on the human body of the microclimate parameters (temperature, humidity, air velocity, thermal irradiation), expressed by a single-sample indicator in ° C.

4. General requirements and microclimate indicators

4.1 . Sanitary rules establish hygienic requirements for microclimate performance of industrial premises, taking into account the intensity of energy consumption of working, work time, periods of the year and contain requirements for measurement and control methods of microclimatic conditions.

4.2 . The microclimate indicators should ensure the preservation of the thermal balance of a person with the environment and maintain the optimal or permissible thermal state of the body.

4.3 . Indicators characterizing the microclimate in the industrial premises are:

· air temperature;

· surface temperature *;

· relative humidity;

· air movement speed;

· the intensity of thermal irradiation.

* The temperature of the surfaces of the enclosing structures (walls, ceiling, gender), devices (screens, etc.), as well as technological equipment or enclosing its devices are taken into account.

5. Wholesale Imal Conditions of Microclimate

5.1 . Optimal microclimatic conditions are established by the criteria for the optimal thermal and functional state of the person. They provide a general and local sensation of thermal comfort during the 8-hour work shift with minimal stress of thermoregulation mechanisms, do not cause abnormalities in health, create prerequisites for high levels of performance and are preferred in workplaces.

5.2 . The optimal values \u200b\u200bof the microclimate indicators must be observed in the workplaces of industrial premises, which are performed by operator type operations associated with neuro-emotional stress (in the cabins, on the consoles and posts of technological processes, in the halls of computing equipment, etc.). The list of other jobs and types of work under which the optimal magnitudes of the microclimate should be ensured are determined by sanitary rules for individual industries and other documents agreed with the state sanitary and epidemiological supervisory authorities in the prescribed manner.

5.3 . The optimal parameters of the microclimate in the workplace must correspond to the values \u200b\u200bshown in Table. , applied to the performance of various categories in the cold and warm periods of the year.

5.4 . The air temperature changes in height and horizontally, as well as changes in air temperature during a shift when providing optimal microclimate values \u200b\u200bat workplaces should not exceed 2 ° C and go beyond the limits specified in Table. For certain categories of work.

Table 1

Optimal magnitudes of microclimate indicators in the workplace of industrial premises

* Ply temperatures air 25 ° FROM and above maximum values relative humidity air should be accepted in according to from requirements p. .

** For temperatures air 26 - 28 ° FROM speed movement air in warm period of the year should be accepted in according to from requirements p. .

6.4 . When providing permissible magnitles of microclimate at workplaces:

· the air temperature difference in height should be no more than 3° FROM ;

· air temperature difference horizontally, And also its changes during the shift should not exceed:

In this case, the absolute air temperature values \u200b\u200bshould not go beyond the limits specified in Table. For certain categories of work.

Number of measurement sites

From 100 to 400

The number of areas is determined by the distance between them, which should not exceed 10 m.

measurement range

Limit deviation

Air temperature over dry thermometer, ° С

from -30 to 50

± 0, 2

Air temperature over a moistened thermometer, ° FROM

± 0,2

Surface temperature, ° FROM

± 0,5

Relative humidity, %

± 5,0

Air speed, m / s

± 0, 05

± 0,1

The intensity of thermal irradiation, W / m 2

from 10 to 350

± 5,0

± 50,0

7.14 . According to the results of the study, it is necessary to draw up a protocol in which general information on the production facility, the placement of technological and sanitary equipment, sources of heat generation, cooling and volatility should be reflected, the scheme for placing the measurement sections of microclimate parameters and other data.

7.15 . In conclusion, the protocol should be assessed by the results of the measurements made for compliance with regulatory requirements.

Attachment 1
(Reference)

Characteristics of individual categories of work

1 . Categories of work are distinguished on the basis of the intensity of the body's energy consumption in Kcal / h (W).

2. To category I. and the intensity of energy consumption is up to 120 kcal / h (up to 139 W), produced sitting and accompanied by a minor physical voltage (a number of professions at enterprises of accurate instrument and mechanical engineering, on time, sewing production, in the field of management, etc.) .

3. To category I. b refer to the intensity of energy consumption 121 - 150 kcal / h (140 - 174 W), produced sitting, standing or associated with walking and accompanied by some physical stress (a number of professions in the printing industry, in communications enterprises, controllers, master in various types of production etc.).

four . To category II. and the intensity of energy consumption 151-200 kcal / h (175-232 W), associated with a constant walk, moving small (up to 1 kg) of products or items in the standing position or sitting and requiring a certain physical stress (a number of professions in mechanical borrowing shops engineering enterprises, in spinning-weaving production, etc.).

five . To category II. b refer to the intensity of energy consumption 201 - 250 kcal / h (233 - 290 W) associated with walking, moving and carrying weights up to 10 kg and accompanied by moderate physical voltage (a number of professions in mechanized casting, rolling, blacksmith, thermal, welding shops Machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, etc.).

6. To category III Works with an intensity of energy consumption of more than 250 kcal / h (more than 290 W) associated with constant movements, movement and carrying significant (over 10 kg) of gravity and requiring great physical efforts (a number of professions in blacksmiths with hand forging, casting shops with manual packing and pouring the whole of machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, etc.).

Determination of the thermal load index (TNS index)

1 . The thermal load index of the medium (TNS-index) is an empirical indicator characterizing the combined effect on the human body of microclimate parameters (temperature, humidity, air and thermal irradiation velocity).

2 . The TNS index is determined based on the magnitudes of the temperature of the moistened thermometer of aspiration psychrometer (t VL ) and temperatures inside the shredded ball (t w).

3 . The temperature inside the shredded ball is measured by the thermometer, the tank of which is placed in the center of the shredded hollow ball;t sh Reflects the influence of air temperature, surface temperature and air movement speed. The stressed ball should have a diameter of 90 mm, the minimum possible thickness and absorption coefficient of 0.95. Measuring accuracy of temperature inside the ball± 0.5 ° C.

4 . The TNS index is calculated by the equation:

5 . The TNS index is recommended to use for the integral assessment of the thermal load of the medium at workplaces, on which the speed of air movement does not exceed 0.6 m / s, and the intensity of heat irradiation is 1200 W / m 2.

6 . The method of measurement and control of the TNS-index is similar to the measurement and control of air temperature (p.p. - real sanitary rules).

7 . The values \u200b\u200bof the TNS index should not go beyond the limits recommended in Table. .

Opening hours at temperatures t.air ura in the workplace above or below admissible values

1 . In order to protect working from possible overheating or cooling, at the air temperature in the workplaces above or below the permissible values, the time of staying at workplaces (continuously or in total for the working shift) should be limited to the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. and table. of this application. At the same time, the medium-aided air temperature in which those who work are located during the workplace in the workplaces and places of recreation should not go beyond the permissible air temperature values \u200b\u200bfor the respective categories of the work specified in Table.1

5, 5

Mediumness air temperature (t c) Calculated by the formula:

Where

t B1, T B2, ... T in N - air temperature (° C) at the respective sections of the workplace;

τ 1, τ 2, ..., τ n - time (h) performing work at the respective areas of the workplace;

8 - The duration of the work shift (H).

The remaining microclimate indicators (relative air humidity, air movement speed, surface temperature, thermal irradiation) at workplaces should be within the permissible values \u200b\u200bof these sanitary rules.

Bibliographic data

one . Management R. 2.2.4 / 2.1.8. Hygienic assessment and control of physical factors of the industrial and environment (under approval).

2 SNiP 2.01.01 . "Construction climatology and geophysics."

3 . Methodical recommendations "Evaluation of the thermal state of a person in order to substantiate the hygienic requirements for microclimate of jobs and measures for the prevention of cooling and overheating" No. 5168-90 of 05.03.90. In Sat: Hygienic foundations for the prevention of the adverse effects of production microclimate on the human body. B. 43, M. 1991, p. 192 - 211.

four . Guide P. 2.2.013-94. Hygiene labor. Hygienic criteria for evaluating working conditions in terms of harmfulness and danger of factors of the production environment, severity and labor intensity. Goskomsannepidnadzor of Russia, M., 1994, 42 p.

five . GOST 12.1.005-88 "General sanitary and hygiene requirements for the air of the working area."

6 . Building regulations.SNiP 2.04.05-91 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning."