Where did fet die? Obituary of Afanasy Fet. Afanasy Fet - books worth reading

Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet (1820 - 1892) - famous Russian poet with German roots, translator, lyricist, author of memoirs. Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of St. Petersburg.

• early years
• Education
• The poet's work
• last years of life
• Biography test

early years

The future poet was born on November 23 (December 5, new style) 1820 in the village. Novoselki, Mtsensk district, Oryol province (Russian Empire).

As the son of Charlotte-Elizabeth Becker, who left Germany in 1820, Afanasy was adopted by the nobleman Shenshin. After 14 years, an unpleasant event occurred in the biography of Afanasy Fet: an error was discovered in the birth record, which deprived him of his title.

Education

In 1837, Fet graduated from Krümmer's private boarding school in the city of Verro (now Estonia). In 1838 he entered the Faculty of Philosophy at Moscow University, continuing to be interested in literature. He graduated from the university in 1844.

The poet's work

In Fet’s brief biography, it is worth noting that his first poems were written in his youth. Fet's poetry was first published in the collection "Lyrical Pantheon" in 1840. Since then, Fet's poems have been constantly published in magazines.

Trying in every possible way to regain his title of nobility, Afanasy Fet went to serve as a non-commissioned officer. Then, in 1853, Fet’s life involved a transition to the Guards Regiment. Fet's creativity, even in those times, does not stand still. His second collection was published in 1850, and his third in 1856.

In 1857, the poet married Maria Botkina. Having retired in 1858, without having achieved the return of the title, he acquired land and devoted himself to farming.

Fet's new works, published from 1862 to 1871, comprise the cycles “From the Village” and “Notes on Free Labor.” They include short stories, short stories, and essays. Afanasy Afanasievich Fet strictly distinguishes between his prose and poetry. For him, poetry is romantic, and prose is realistic.

Nikolay Nekrasov wrote about Fet: “A man who understands poetry and willingly opens his soul to its sensations, not a single Russian author, afterPushkin , will not gain as much poetic pleasure as Mr. Fet will give him.”

last years of life

In 1873, Afanasy Fet was returned to the title, as well as the surname Shenshin. After this, the poet engages in charity work. At this stage, Afanasy Fet’s poems were published in the collections “Evening Lights”, of which four issues were published from 1883 to 1891. Fet's poetry contains mainly two themes: nature, love.

Death overtook the poet on November 21, 1892 in Moscow in his house on Plyushchikha. Fet died of a heart attack. Afanasy Afanasyevich was buried in the Shenshin family estate in the village. Kleymenovo, Oryol province.

Interesting Facts

• In addition to writing poems, Fet was engaged in translations until his old age. He owns translations of both parts of Goethe's Faust. He even planned to translate the bookImmanuel Kant "Critique of Pure Reason", but abandoned this idea and took up the translation of worksArthur Schopenhauer .
• The poet experienced a tragic love for Maria Lazic, a fan of his work. This girl was educated and very talented. Their feelings were mutual, but the couple failed to link their destinies. Maria died, and the poet remembered his unhappy love all his life, which influenced his work. It was to her that he dedicated the poem “The Talisman”, the poems “Old Letters”, “You suffered, I still suffer...”, “No, I haven’t changed. Until deep old age..." and other poems.
• Some researchers of Fet's life believe that the poet's death from a heart attack was preceded by a suicide attempt.
• It was Fet who authored the famous phrase that was included in “The Adventures of Pinocchio”A. N. Tolstoy - “And the rose fell on Azor’s paw.”

Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet (11/23/1820-11/21/1892), Russian poet. His father was the German Johann-Peter-Karl-Wilhelm Vöth (Fö), assessor of the city court of Darmstadt. Mother Charlotte-Elizabeth Becker was married to her husband for only about a year. She, being pregnant by him (this is confirmed by her letters to her first husband and relatives), became interested in a 45-year-old Russian nobleman, captain Afanasy Shenshin, who was in Germany undergoing treatment, and in September 1820 she left with him for Russia.

Her son was born in the village. Novoselki, Oryol province, was baptized according to the Orthodox rite, named Afanasy, and was recorded in the registry register as the son of the landowner Afanasy Neofitovich Shenshin. In September 1822, Shenshin married Charlotte Becker, who converted to Orthodoxy before the wedding and began to be called Elizaveta Petrovna Fet.

In 1834, when Afanasy Shenshin was 14 years old, a certain “error” was discovered in the documents (lack of official adoption), the boy was deprived of his surname, nobility and Russian citizenship and became “Hessendarmstadt subject Afanasy Fet.” This became a mental trauma for him, since he considered himself the son of Shenshin, and not Fet. Only in 1873 did he manage to officially take the surname Shenshin, but he continued to sign his literary works with the surname Fet, since he had already gained fame with this name.

In 1834–1837 Fet studied at a German boarding school in Verro (now Võru, Estonia), then at the verbal department of the Faculty of Philosophy (graduated in 1844), where he became close to the writers A.A. Grigoriev, Ya.P. Polonsky. During the same period, he began to write and publish his poems.

Fet's first collection of poetry, "Lyrical Pantheon", was published in 1840 with the participation of Grigoriev. In 1842, publications followed in the magazines “Moskvityanin” and “Otechestvennye zapiski”. In 1845, wanting to serve the nobility, Fet entered military service in a cuirassier regiment and a year later received his first officer rank.

In 1850, a second collection of poems was published, which met with positive reviews from critics. 1853 Fet is transferred to a guards regiment stationed near St. Petersburg. The poet often visits the capital and gets acquainted with, etc. He becomes close to the editors of the Sovremennik magazine. With their assistance, Fet's third collection appeared in 1856 (edited by Turgenev).

Having married M.P. in 1857. Botkina, the poet resigns with the rank of guards captain and becomes a successful landowner. He stopped publishing, and in 1859 he ended his relationship with the Sovremennik magazine. Even the publication of a two-volume collection of Fet’s poems in 1863 does not change this. In 1867, Fet was elected justice of the peace for 11 years. In 1873, the nobility and the surname Shenshin were returned to him.

During the years of Fet's poetic silence, his interests are evidenced by the works of Horace, Ovid, Goethe ("Faust"), and the philosophical treatises of Schopenhauer translated into Russian. Only in his later years did Fet return to poetic creativity, releasing 4 collections of poems under the general title “Evening Lights” (1883, 1885, 1888, 1891). He also wrote memoirs “My Memories” and “The Early Years of My Life.”

Fet's romantic poetry is apolitical and alien to the interests of public life of that time (he constantly argued with Nekrasov about this). Fet keenly feels and unusually “musically” reflects in his poems the currents of existence in Russian nature, which also reflect the “landscape” of the multifaceted Russian soul. This is the main strength of the harmonious poetry of a native German by blood, who became an outstanding Russian poet.

Fet died in Moscow of a heart attack on November 21, 1892. He was buried in the village of Kleymenovo, the Shenshin family estate.

FROM THE POEMS OF A.A. FETA

Wonderful picture
How dear you are to me:
White plain,
Full moon,

Light of the high heavens,
And shining snow
And distant sleighs
Lonely running.

What a night! Everything is so blissful!
Thank you, dear midnight land!
From the kingdom of ice, from the kingdom of blizzards and snow
How fresh and clean your May leaves!

What a night! Every single star
Warmly and meekly they look into the soul again,
And in the air behind the nightingale's song
Anxiety and love spread.

The birches are waiting. Their leaves are translucent
Shyly beckons and pleases the eye.
They are shaking. So to the newlywed virgin
Her attire is both joyful and alien.

No, never more tender and incorporeal
Your face, O night, could not torment me!
Again I come to you with an involuntary song,
Involuntary - and the last, perhaps.

Not so, Lord, mighty, incomprehensible
You are before my restless consciousness,
That on a starry day your bright Seraphim
A huge ball lit up the universe.
And a dead man with a flaming face
He commanded that Your laws be observed,
Awaken everything with a life-giving ray,
Preserving your ardor for centuries, millions;
No, You are powerful and incomprehensible to me
Because I myself, powerless and instantaneous,
I carry it in my chest like the Seraphim,
Fire is stronger and brighter than the entire universe,
Meanwhile, like me, the prey of vanity,
The playground of her inconstancy,
In me he is eternal, omnipresent, like You,
Knows neither time nor space.

The longer I live, the more I experience,
The more commandingly I constrain the hearts of ardor,
It’s all the more clear to me that it hasn’t happened since ages
Words that illuminate a person brighter.
Our universal Father, who is in heaven,
May we cherish Your name in our hearts,
Thy kingdom come, may your will be done
Yours, both in heaven and in the earthly vale.
Send now our daily bread from our labors,
Forgive us the debt: and we forgive the debtors,
And do not lead us, the powerless, into temptation,
And get rid of self-conceit from the evil one.

Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet(for the first 14 and last 19 years of his life he officially bore the surname Shenshin, November 23 (December 5), 1820, Novoselki estate, Mtsensk district, Oryol province - November 21 (December 3), 1892, Moscow) - Russian lyricist poet, translator, memoirist.

Surname Fet(more precisely, Fet, German Foeth), became for the poet, as he later recalled, “the name of all his sufferings and sorrows.” Son of an Oryol landowner Afanasy Ivanovich Shenshin and Caroline Charlotte Föth, brought by him from Germany, he was recorded at birth (probably for a bribe) as the legitimate son of his parents, although he was born a month after Charlotte arrived in Russia and a year before their marriage. When he was 14 years old, an “error” in the documents was discovered, and he was deprived of his surname, nobility and Russian citizenship and became “foreign subject Afanasy Fet” (thus, Charlotte’s first husband, the German Fet, began to be considered his father; who in reality was Afanasy's father is unknown). In 1873, he officially regained his surname Shenshin, but continued to sign his literary works and translations with the surname Fet (with an “e”).

Afanasy Afanasyevich was born on November 23, 1820 near the city of Mtsensk, Oryol province, in the village of Novoselki.

Until the age of 14, Fet lived and studied at home, and then in the city of Verro Livonia province (now Võru, Estonia), in the German private boarding school of Krümmer. In 1837, he was transported to Moscow, where Afanasy Afanasyevich studied at the boarding school of Professor Pogodin, a historian, writer, and journalist, where he entered to prepare for Moscow University. Soon Fet entered Moscow University, the Faculty of History and Philology. Almost all student time Afanasy Fet lived in the family of his university friend, the future literary critic Apollo Grigoriev, who had an influence on the development of his poetic gift.

1840 - the first collection of his poems, “Lyrical Pantheon,” is published.
Fet was given his blessing for serious literary work by Gogol, who said: “This is an undoubted talent.” Fet's first collection of poems, “Lyrical Pantheon,” was published in 1840 and received the approval of Belinsky, which inspired him to further work. Since 1842, Fet’s poems regularly appear on the pages of the magazines “Moskvityanin” and “Otechestvennye zapiski”. “Of the poets living in Moscow, Mr. Fet is the most gifted,” writes Belinsky in 1843.

In 1844 Afanasy Afanasyevich finishes his studies at Moscow University and in 1845, a budding poet, becomes a cavalryman in the cuirassier regiment of the Military Order, since the first officer rank gave the right to receive hereditary nobility. In 1853 Fet transferred to the Uhlan Guards Regiment; during the Crimean campaign he was part of the troops guarding the Estonian coast. In 1858 he retired, like his father, as a headquarters captain. Afanasy Afanasyevich, however, was not able to achieve noble rights at that time: the qualification required for this increased as Fet was promoted.

1850 - the second collection of the poet’s poems was published in Moscow. In 1856, the third book was published in St. Petersburg, attracting the attention of poetry connoisseurs and lovers.

Meanwhile, his poetic fame grew. The success of the third book, “Poems by A. Fet,” published in Moscow in 1850, gave him access to the Sovremennik circle in St. Petersburg, where he met Turgenev and V.P. Botkin. Later Afanasy Fet met L.N. Tolstoy, who returned from Sevastopol. The Sovremennik circle jointly selected, edited and beautifully published a new collection of “Poems by A.A. Feta” (St. Petersburg, 1856). In 1863, it was republished by Soldatenkov in two volumes, the 2nd volume including translations by Horace and others.

In 1857, Afanasy Afanasyevich married Marya Petrovna Botkina, sister of the doctor S.P. Botkin, in Paris. Literary successes prompted Feta leave military service and in 1858 the poet resigns with the rank of guards captain and settles in Moscow.

In 1860, Afanasy Afanasyevich bought the Stepanovka farm with 200 acres of land, in Mtsensk district, and energetically began to manage it, living there all the time and only visiting Moscow briefly in winter. For more than ten years (1867 - 1877) Fet was a justice of the peace and at that time wrote magazine articles in “Russian Bulletin” about rural order (“From the Village”), where he showed himself to be such a convinced and tenacious Russian “agrarian” that he soon received the nickname “serf owner” from the populist press. Afanasy Fet turned out to be an excellent owner; in 1877 he left Stepanovka and bought the Vorobyovka estate in Shchigrovsky district, Kursk province, near Korennaya Pustyn for 105,000 rubles. At the end of his life, Fet's fortune reached a level that can be called wealth. In 1873, the surname Shenshin was approved for Fet with all the rights associated with it. I.S. immediately responded to this. Turgenev: “Like Fet you had a name, like Shenshin you only have a surname.”

In 1881 Shenshin bought a house in Moscow and began to come to Vorobyovka in the spring and summer as a summer resident, renting out the farm to the manager. At this time of contentment and honor, Afanasy Afanasyevich with new energy began to write original and translated poetry, and memoirs. He published in Moscow: four collections of lyrical poems “Evening Lights” (1883, 1885, 1888, 1891) and translations of Horace (1883), Juvenal (1885), Catullus (1886), Tibullus (1886), Ovid (1887), Virgil (1888), Propertius (1889), Persia (1889) and Martial (1891); translation of both parts of Goethe's Faust (1882 and 1888); wrote a memoir, “The Early Years of My Life, Before 1848.” (posthumous edition, 1893) and “My Memoirs, 1848 - 1889.” (in two volumes, 1890); translation of the works of A. Schopenhauer: “On the Fourth Root of the Law of Sufficient Reason” and “On the Will in Nature” (1886) and “The World as Will and Idea” (2nd edition - 1888).

On January 28 and 29, 1889, the anniversary of Fet’s 50-year literary activity was solemnly celebrated in Moscow; soon after that he was granted the title of chamberlain by the Highest. Afanasy Afanasyevich died on November 21, 1892 in Moscow, two days shy of 72 years old. He was buried in the Shenshin family estate, the village of Kleimenov, in Mtsensk district, 25 versts from Orel.

Creation Feta characterized by the desire to escape from everyday reality into the “bright kingdom of dreams.” The main content of his poetry is love and nature. His poems are distinguished by the subtlety of their poetic mood and great artistic skill.

Fet is expressive and accurate when depicting pictures of nature in different seasons, in each of which he finds a unique charm. Even in pictures of fading nature, the poet sees beauty that gives rise to bright, life-affirming feelings. This is felt in such poems as, “The leaves trembled, flying around...” and others. Fet’s nature is inhabited by living creatures, not only traditional for poetry (nightingale, eagle, swan), but also, perhaps, for the first time in the lyrical landscape (lapwing, sandpiper). The accuracy and concreteness of landscapes is largely due to the achievements of Russian realistic prose (Turgenev and L. Tolstoy, first of all). Poeticization of the beauties of nature is one of Feta-lyricist’s services to Russian literature. Poetry Feta about nature have long become textbooks.

Another, no less significant merit Feta- an image of deep love feeling. His love lyrics are characterized by tragedy and deep psychologism. At the same time, Fet’s images of the hero and heroine lack social and everyday definition. It is not without reason that the style of his love poems is so characterized by the technique when a portrait or psychological detail appears as part of the whole. “The parting running to the left,” “children’s tears,” “features not made by hands,” “the curves of a close soul,” “the torment of a sinless soul,” “an instant image” are signs of the heroine.

Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet (lived 1820 - 1892) - this name is known to any schoolchild. Let's look at the most important thing in Fet's biography: his family, creativity, Fet's biography. Brief biography, for primary school students. The poet's life was very eventful events, and Fet’s biography is briefly presented in a concise form with difficulty, since I want to tell many interesting facts about Fet.

In contact with

Classmates

Everyone without exception learns the famous poem in school and remembers it all their lives:

• Again the birds are flying from afar
• To the shores that break the ice,
• The warm sun goes high
• And the fragrant lily of the valley awaits.
• Again, nothing can calm your heart
• Up to the cheeks of the rising blood,
• And with a bribed soul you believe,
• That, like the world, love is endless.
• But will we get so close again?
• We are in the midst of tender nature,
• As seen walking low
• Us the cold sun of winter?

Family

Afanasy was born in 1820 in the Oryol region (formerly Oryol province) in the famous Mtsensk district. His mother Charlotte-Elisabeth Becker was a German citizen. Sh.-E. Becker was married to a German a poor servant of the city court with the unforgettable long German name Johann-Peter-Karl-Wilhelm Föth. Has Fet with “yo”. Johann Vöth divorced Becker, then remarried and died in 1826. After his death, he did not leave any inheritance to his ex-wife and son.

On the eve of the divorce in 1820, a Russian landowner of noble origin, Afanasy Neofitovich Shenshin, came to Darmstad. Elizaveta Becker meets him. They fall in love with each other. Elizabeth by that time was pregnant with her second child. Shenshin secretly takes his future wife to Russia. They got married only in 1822, when the boy was already 2 years old. The boy was baptized and named Afanasy Afanasyevich Shenshin in the world. At birth, the boy was recorded as the blood-born son of the parent A.N. Shenshin.

Previously, a legitimate child could have been born in wedlock. Since the marriage took place two years after the birth of the future poet, it was difficult to recognize him as a blood son. It is believed that this was done for a bribe.

When the boy turned 14 years old, fate played a cruel joke on him. The secret of his birth surfaced in the church chancellery; it turned out that a mistake had been made, that he was not the natural son of the nobleman Shenshin, and therefore could not have a noble title. Afanasy Neofitovich was recognized as Fet's stepfather. An official church message was issued about this.

Married Shenshina and Becker had several children together. K.P. Matveeva is Fet’s older sister. Born in 1819. All other brothers and sisters were born into the Shenshin family:

• L.A. Shenshin in 1824;
• V.A. Shenshin in 1827;
• ON THE. Borisov in 1832;
• P.A. Shenshin in 1834

There were children who died at an early age - Anna, Vasily and perhaps another Anna. Infant mortality was very high even in wealthy families.

It is interesting to know: the poet, the life and work of the writer.

Education

Fet initially studied at the Krummer boarding school in Estonia, where he received an excellent upbringing. Further, in 1838 he entered Moscow State University and studied at the philosophical and philological department of literature. Here he is passionate about literature and languages. He graduated from the university in 1844. The first publications of poems were made in senior years at the university.

Creation

Fet began writing his first poems at a young age. Afanasy Afanasyevich was a lyricist from God. He sensually put nature, love and art into poetic forms. With all this, the poet’s lyrical nature did not interfere, but rather, on the contrary, helped him to be an enterprising good landowner with a “commercial streak.”

The first official publications of the poems were made in the magazine Lyrical Pantheon in 1840. The first collection of poems was published in 1850, and then they were published regularly. He became any poet of our time and was published in various publications.

Fet was always depressed by the circumstance, according to which he was deprived of his noble title. He was very eager to regain this title and in 1853 he enlisted in the Guards regiment. Unfortunately, the service did not bear fruit. In 1858, he resigned, still remaining untitled.

A year earlier he married Maria Botkina . For accumulated capital they buy arable land. Fet becomes a passionate farmer: he grows crops, raises livestock, takes care of bees, and even digs a pond where he raises fish. The estate was called Stepanovka. After a few years, the estate begins to generate good income - up to 5-6 thousand per year. This is a lot of money. In 1877, he sold the estate and bought another - Vorobyovka in the Kursk province. It was an old estate with a beautiful manor house on the river bank and a huge century-old garden.

From 1862 to 1871, along with poetry, Fet was captivated by prose. These are two completely different literary trends of his work. If Fet's poetry is very lyrical, then the prose is called realistic. These are stories, essays about village hard work. Among the well-known are “Notes on civilian labor”, “From the village” and others.

Fet had many fans. One of them is Maria Lazic. They had tender feelings for each other, but were unable to cross their destinies. She died. Many of the best love poems are dedicated to Mary: “The Talisman”, “You have suffered, I still suffer...” and others.

Afanasy Afanasyevich, knew several languages ​​and translated many works of famous writers:

• "Faust" by Goethe;
• Translations of ancient writers - Horace, Virgil, Ovid and many others.

Fet wanted to translate “Critique of Pure Reason” by E. Kant, but began translating Schopenhauer; he also dreamed of translating the Bible.

Birth story. Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet was born in November or December 1820 in the village. Novoselki of the Oryol province. The story of his birth is not entirely ordinary. His father, Afanasy Neofitovich Shenshin, a retired captain, belonged to an old noble family and was a wealthy landowner. While undergoing treatment in Germany, he married Charlotte Feth, whom he took to Russia from her living husband and daughter. Two months later, Charlotte gave birth to a boy named Afanasy and given the surname Shenshin.

Fourteen years later, the spiritual authorities of Orel discovered that the child was born before the parents' wedding and Afanasy was deprived of the right to bear his father's surname and noble title and became a German subject. This event greatly affected the impressionable soul of the child, and Fet experienced the ambiguity of his position almost all his life. The special position in the family influenced the future fate of Afanasy Fet - he had to earn his rights to the nobility, which the church deprived him of. Between the university and the army. Although the Shenshin family did not have a special culture, Fet received a good education.

From 1835 to 1837 he studied at a German Protestant boarding school in Werro (now Võru, Estonia). Here he enthusiastically studies classical philology and secretly begins to write poetry. Fet mastered the Latin language here, which helped him later translate ancient Roman poets. After Verreaux, Fet continued his education at the boarding school of Professor Pogodin to prepare for Moscow University, where he was enrolled in the literature department of the Faculty of Philosophy in 1838. During his university years, Fet became especially friendly with the future famous critic and poet Apollon Grigoriev.

Together they discussed poetic attempts at writing, which were included in the first poetry collection - “Lyric Pantheon” (1840): “Let Your dreams come into light, I indulge in sweet hope, That a smile of beauty may stealthily flash on them, Or a slave of tormenting passions, Reading modest creature, will share the secret sufferings with my agitated soul.” These were imitative poems, and the poetry of Pushkin and Venediktov, to whom, as Fet recalled, he “howled” with enthusiasm, became role models.

Within two or three years after the publication of “Lyrical Pantheon,” Fet published collections of poems on the pages of magazines, in particular “Moskvityanin” and “Otechestvennye zapiski,” but they did not bring the expected wealth. With the hope of regaining his nobility, the young poet left Moscow and entered military service in a cuirassier regiment and was stationed in the Kherson province. Subsequently, in his memoirs, Fet writes: “I don’t know how long this imprisonment will last, and in a moment various Gogol Vias will crawl into my eyes, one tablespoon at a time, and I still need to smile... I can compare my life to a dirty puddle.” But in 1858 A. Fet was forced to resign.

He never received noble rights - at that time the nobility gave only the rank of colonel, and he was a captain at headquarters. This made his further military career useless. Of course, military service was not in vain for Fet: these were the years of the dawn of his poetic activity. In 1850, “Poems” by A. Fet was published in Moscow, which was greeted with delight by readers. In St. Petersburg he met Nekrasov, Panaev, Druzhinin, Goncharov, Yazykov. Later he became friends with Leo Tolstoy. This friendship was duty-bound and necessary for both.

During his military service, Afanasy Fet experienced a tragic love that influenced all of his work. It was love for the daughter of a poor landowner, Maria Lazic, a fan of his poetry, a very talented and educated girl. She also fell in love with him, but they were both poor, and A. Fet for this reason did not dare to join his destiny with his beloved girl. Soon Maria Lazic died under mysterious circumstances.

Until his death, the poet remembered his unhappy love; in many of his poems one can hear her unfading breath.
In 1856, a new book by the poet was published. Fulfillment of desires. After retiring, Fet married the sister of the critic Botkin, M. Botkin, who belonged to a wealthy Moscow merchant family. It was a marriage of convenience, and the poet sincerely confessed to the bride the secrets of his birth. With his wife's money, Fet bought the Stepanovka estate in 1860 and became a landowner, where he lived for seventeen years, only occasionally visiting Moscow. Here he received the highest decree that the name Shenshin, with all the rights associated with it, was finally approved for him. He became a nobleman.

In 1877, Afanasy Afanasyevich bought the village of Vorobyovka in the Kursk province, where he spent the rest of his life, only leaving for Moscow for the winter. These years, in contrast to the years lived in Stepanovka, are characterized by his return to literature. Beginning in 1883, he published a number of collections of lyrical poems, united by a common title - “Evening Lights” (first issue - 1883; second issue - 1885; third issue - 1888; fourth issue - 1891). In his poems, the poet refuses any abstraction, since mental states are difficult to analyze, and even more difficult to convey in words the subtle movements of the soul.

Creativity of A. A. Fet. A. Fet's poems are pure poetry, in the context that there is not a drop of prose. Fet limited his poetry to three themes: love, nature, art. Usually he did not sing of hot feelings, despair, delight, or lofty thoughts. No, he wrote about the simplest things - about pictures of nature, about rain, about snow, about the sea, about mountains, about forests, about stars, about the simplest movements of the soul, even about momentary impressions. His poetry is joyful and bright, it is characterized by a feeling of light and peace. He even writes about his ruined love lightly and calmly, although his feeling is deep and fresh, as in the first minutes. Until the end of his life, Fet was not changed by the joy that permeates almost all of his poems.

The beauty, naturalness, and sincerity of his poetry reach complete perfection; his verse is amazingly expressive, imaginative, and musical. “This is not just a poet, but rather a poet-musician...” - Tchaikovsky said about him. Many romances were written based on Fet's poems, which quickly gained wide popularity.

Fet is a singer of Russian nature. Fet can be called a singer of Russian nature. The approach of spring and autumn withering, a fragrant summer night and a frosty day, a rye field stretching endlessly and without edge and a dense shady forest - he writes about all this in his poems. Fet's nature is always calm, quiet, as if frozen. And at the same time, it is surprisingly rich in sounds and colors, living its own life, hidden from the inattentive eye:

“I came to you with greetings,
Tell me that the sun has risen
What is it with hot light
The sheets began to flutter;
Tell me that the forest has woken up,
All woke up, every branch,
Every bird was startled
And in spring I’m full of thirst...”

Fet also perfectly conveys the “fragrant freshness of feelings” inspired by nature, its beauty and charm. His poems are imbued with a bright, joyful mood, the happiness of love. The poet unusually subtly reveals the various shades of human experiences. He knows how to capture and put into bright, living images even fleeting mental movements that are difficult to identify and convey in words:

"Whisper, timid breathing,
The trill of a nightingale,
Silver and sway
sleeping stream,
Night light, night shadows,
Endless shadows
A series of magical changes
Sweet face
There are purple roses in the smoky clouds,
Reflections of amber
And kisses and tears,
And dawn, dawn! .."

Usually A. Fet in his poems dwells on one figure, on one turn of feelings, and at the same time his poetry cannot be called monotonous; on the contrary, it amazes with its diversity and multitude of themes. The special charm of his poems, in addition to the content, lies precisely in the nature of the mood of the poetry. Fet's muse is light, airy, as if there is nothing earthly in it, although she tells us exactly about the earthly. There is almost no action in his poetry; each of his verses is a whole kind of impressions, thoughts, joys and sorrows.

Take at least such of them as “Your ray, flying far ...”, “Motionless eyes, Crazy eyes ...”, “The sun’s ray between the linden trees ...”, “I stretch out my hand to you in silence ...”, etc.
The poet sang beauty where he saw it, and he found it everywhere. He was an artist with an exceptionally developed sense of beauty. This is probably why his poems contain such wonderful pictures of nature, that he accepted it as it is, not allowing any decorations of reality.

The poet's love lyrics. Just as wonderful for Fet was the feeling of love, to which many of the poet’s works are devoted. Love for him is protection, a quiet haven “from the eternal splash and noise of life.” Fet's love lyrics are distinguished by a richness of shades, tenderness, and warmth coming from within the soul. Fet depicted “fragrant honey of love joy and magical dreams” in his works with words of extreme freshness and transparency. Permeated with either light sadness or light joy, his love lyrics still warm the hearts of readers, “burning with eternal gold in singing.”

In all his works, A. Fet is impeccably faithful in his descriptions of either feelings or the nature of their small risks, shades, and moods. It is thanks to this that the poet created amazing works that have amazed us with their filigree psychological accuracy for so many years. These include such poetic masterpieces as “Whisper, timid breathing...”, “I came to you with greetings...”, “At dawn, don’t wake her...”, “Dawn bids farewell to the earth...” "

Fet's poetry is the poetry of hints, guesses, omissions, his poems for the most part do not have a plot - these are lyrical miniatures, the purpose of which is not so much to convey to the reader thoughts and feelings, but rather the “volatile” mood of the poet. He was far from emotional storms and anxieties. The poet wrote:

"The language of mental distress
Was incomprehensible to me."

Fet was deeply convinced that beauty is a real important element in building the world, which provides it with harmonious balance and integrity. Therefore, he sought and found beauty in everything: in fallen leaves, in a rose that surprisingly smiled “on the fleeting day of September,” in the colors of “the native sky.” The poet distinguished between “mind of the mind” and “mind of the heart.” He believed that only the “mind of the heart” can penetrate the beautiful essence of existence through the outer shell. Fet’s heartfelt and intelligent lyrics have no access to anything terrible, ugly or disharmonious.

In 1892, the poet died of an asthma attack, two days shy of 72 years old. Before this, he tried to commit suicide. He was buried in the village of Kleymenovo, the family estate of the Shenshins, 25 versts from Orel.

Fet's work had a significant influence on the symbolist poets of the early twentieth century - V. Bryusov, A. Blok, A. Bely, and then S. Yesenin, B. Pasternak and others.
Conclusion. Analyzing the works of the poet, we can say with complete confidence that the Russian school of pure art was not only not inferior to the French, but perhaps even surpassed it in some ways. Unlike representatives of the French school of “pure art”, who in their poems paid attention primarily to the rhythm of the verse, repetition, alternation of letters in words, and the creation of verses - symbols, Russian poets were masters of “musical verses” that were easy to read. The images created in the poems were light, permeated with light, appealed to the best feelings of a person, taught beauty, taught to find and love beauty in every manifestation of nature, or feeling of love.

The poems of representatives of the Russian school of “pure art” are more understandable to the reader, since their poems are not burdened with a large number of symbolic images. An interesting feature of Russian poets is that they not only praised nature, but also treated it as something outstanding, amazing, that could become the meaning of life. It is in nature, love for a woman or a man that a person should find inspiration for life, work, creativity, love for his homeland. In my opinion, Russian poets of the school of “pure art” sang nature in poetry through their special attitude towards it, and French poets simply believed that only poems about the eternal, something sublime and not ordinary, were worthy of being preserved through the centuries. That is why nature reigned in the poems of the French.

Therefore, I am more impressed by the lyrics of the poets Fet and F. Tyutchev, which, despite all their dissimilarity, fascinates with its beauty, subtle sense of the “soul of nature” and the desire to reflect it in all its manifestations.

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