Download presentation Patriotic War of 1812. Causes and beginning of the war

Davydov Denis Vasilievich. The fate of Russia. Tuchkov Alexander Alekseevich. Post of Minister of War of Russia. Durova Nadezhda Andreevna. Regrouping of Russian troops. Wittgenstein. Legendary partisan. The French were unable to take Raevsky's battery. Prayers for the dead and wounded. Old Fox of the North. Smolensk Moscow direction. Borodino. What were the losses of the generals during the Battle of Borodino? French people.

“Abandonment of Moscow by Napoleon” - The war of 1812 is a different matter. Reasons for leaving Moscow. Food shortages Refusal in peace negotiations Winter, cold (weakened army). The fire raged until September 18 and destroyed most of Moscow. Moscow is liberated from the French. For the first time in the history of Russian literature, the Russian commander Kutuzov is truthfully depicted. Having lost up to 4 thousand soldiers and 38 guns, Murat retreated to Moscow. The people exterminated the French by all legal and illegal means.

“The War with Napoleon 1812” - Davydov about Napoleon. On the ashes of Moscow. The image of Kutuzov in the work of Leonty Rakovsky. Poetic chronicle. Poet, partisan, hero. To the sons of the Fatherland. On the wings of fear. Sacred memory of 1812. The smoke of the battle fled away, the sound of swords was not heard. At the origins of a great theme. The liberation of Europe and the glory of Alexander the First. Battle of Borodino. 200 years of Russia's victory in the Patriotic War of 1812. It’s not for nothing that all of Russia remembers Borodin’s Day.

“The Great War of 1812” - Zakhar Dmitrievich Olsufiev. Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration. Among the many museums in Moscow is the "Battle of Borodino" panorama. When did the meeting take place in Fili? Patriotic War of 1812. Davydov Denis Vasilievich. Patriotic War of 1812. On September 1, 1812, a meeting was held in Fili. Name the author of the lyrics of the song. On June 12, 1812, the French army crossed the borders of the Russian Empire. The manifesto was published on December 25, 1812.

“Wartime 1812” - Partisan actions. Patriotic War of 1812. I won't put down my weapons. M.I.Kutuzov. Napoleon's score. What were the plans of Napoleon and the French command. August 26, 1812 - Battle of Borodino. Alexander Petrovich Tormasov - commander of the 3rd Russian Army. From the report of M.I. Kutuzova. Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration - commander of the 2nd Russian Army. The year 1812 shook all of Russia from end to end.

“Tambov region” - Relations with the civilian population were very friendly. Kaisarov Paisiy Sergeevich (1783–1844), general. Guards were formed in all cities, towns and hamlets of the province. 200 years since the victory of the Russian army over Napoleon. We decided to restore the bell tower of the Transfiguration Church. Eternal memory to you, brothers. Potemkin Yakov Alekseevich (1781–1831), lieutenant general. Tambov - army rear.

Zakharov Pavel

The presentation examines the course of the Patriotic War of 1812 and highlights the results of the war

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Patriotic War of 1812 Presentation prepared by: Zakharov Pavel - 7th grade student of MKOU Secondary School with. Sorvizhi, Arbazhsky district, Kirov region. Teacher: Zakharova N.V. - teacher of history and social studies

Purpose: to consider the course of the Patriotic War of 1812, highlight its results

Problematic question: Napoleon gathered a huge army on a campaign against Russia and planned to quickly end the war in his favor, why did Russia win the Patriotic War of 1812?

Tasks: Gathering information Processing information Solving a problematic issue Protecting the project

Napoleon's preparation for war On December 17, 1811, in Paris, agreements were reached between Napoleon and the Austrian Empire, on the basis of which a Franco-Austrian military alliance was concluded. On February 24, 1812, Napoleon also concluded an alliance treaty with Prussia. Before the start of the campaign, Napoleon studied political, military and economic situation in Russia. The French carried out extensive reconnaissance Napoleon Bonaparte

Organizing the supply of French troops Large artillery and food warehouses were created. By January 1812, the supply center contained a food supply for 50 days for 400 thousand people and 50 thousand horses

Preparing Russia for war In preparation for war, Russia conducted active diplomacy. In the spring of 1812, secret negotiations were held with the Austrians. In April of the same year, the Swedish crown prince concluded an alliance treaty with Russia, Alexander I.

Causes of the war Economic: Napoleon demanded that Alexander I tighten the continental blockade of England Political: Napoleon supported the dreams of the Duchy of Warsaw, to recreate an independent Poland up to the borders of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Armed forces of opponents Napoleon was able to gather about 420 thousand soldiers in a campaign against Russia at the initial stage. 16 different nationalities took part in the campaign. Napoleon had reserves: about 90 thousand soldiers in the garrisons of Central Europe and 100 thousand of the French National Guard. The strengths of the French army were its large numbers , good material and technical support, combat experience, belief in the invincibility of the army. The weak point was its very diverse national composition

Napoleon and his army

Russian army of 1812 Russian weapons of that time were of relatively high quality and, in terms of tactical and technical data, were not inferior to French ones. The Russian light infantry was armed with rifled rifles and screw guns, and the line infantry with smoothbore guns. By the beginning of the war, a stock of several hundred guns, as well as up to 35 thousand guns, 296 thousand shells and 44 million rounds of ammunition were concentrated in the warehouses of the Russian army. numbered 290 thousand people and 1230 guns

Russian army

Allies of Russia England provided material and financial support to Russia. Her army was involved in battles with the French in Spain. Spain and Sweden were also on the side of Russia

Strategic plans of the parties France Russia Napoleon planned to quickly end the war by defeating the Russian army in a general battle Napoleon’s calculation was simple - the defeat of the Russian army in one or two battles would force Alexander I to accept his conditions. The Russian command, long before the start of the war, foresaw the possibility of a long organized retreat by the Russian Emperor Alexander I several defensive plans were considered

Napoleon's invasion June 12, 1812 - Napoleon's army invaded Russian territory The offensive was carried out in three directions - northern, central and southern Crossing the Neman River of the "Great Army" took 4 days

From Smolensk to Moscow At the beginning of August 1812, the Russian army united near Smolensk on August 16 Napoleon approached Smolensk with 180 thousand The stubborn battle for Smolensk continued until the morning of August 18 On August 17, infantry general Kutuzov was appointed commander-in-chief

Battle of Borodino On August 26, near the village of Borodino (125 km west of Moscow), the largest battle of the Patriotic War of 1812 took place. The Russian army suffered heavy losses (40-45 thousand killed and wounded) The French army lost 30-34 thousand killed and wounded

Military Council in Fili At 4 o'clock in the afternoon on September 13, in the village of Fili, Kutuzov held a meeting on the further plan of action. Kutuzov ordered a retreat through Moscow along the Ryazan road

Surrender of Moscow On September 14, Napoleon occupied Moscow without a fight, and already on the night of the same day the city was engulfed in fire, which by the night of September 15 intensified so much that Napoleon was forced to leave the Kremlin. The fire raged until September 18 and destroyed most of Moscow

Tarutino maneuver From Krasnaya Pakhra, by October 2, Kutuzov withdrew the army further south to the village of Tarutino, closer to Kaluga. On October 18, Russian troops attacked the French barrier near Tarutino.

The Battle of Maloyaroslavets On October 24, the battle of Maloyaroslavets took place. The city changed hands eight times. In the end, the French managed to capture Maloyaroslavets. On October 26, Napoleon ordered a retreat to the north. In the battles for Maloyaroslavets, the Russian army solved a major strategic problem - it thwarted the plan for the French troops to break through to Ukraine and forced the enemy to retreat along the Old Smolensk Road, which they had destroyed.

French retreat

Results of the Patriotic War of 1812 According to the Prussian official Auerswald, by December 21, 1812, 255 generals, 5,111 officers, 26,950 lower ranks passed through East Prussia from the Great Army, “in a pitiful condition and mostly unarmed.” Napoleon lost the entire guard in Russia, over 1201 guns Field Marshal Kutuzov estimated the total number of French prisoners at 150 thousand people (December 1812)

Results of the project work: Russia won a victory over Napoleon’s army in the Patriotic War of 1812 because: all the people rose up to defend their country; Russian soldiers and officers showed massive heroism; the commander-in-chief of the Russian army, Kutuzov, and other generals had military leadership talent; Russian frosts and bad roads played a significant role in the victory over Napoleon's army

This topic is very relevant at the present time, since this year marks the anniversary date - 200 years of victory in the Patriotic War of 1812. Having analyzed the events of the war, I would like to continue working on this topic and identify the contribution of Vyatchka residents to the victory over Napoleon

Information resources 1. Bogdanov, L.P. Russian army in 1812. Organization, management, weapons [Text] M.: Voenizdat, 1979. 2. Danilov, A.A. History of Russia [Text] M: Education, 2000 3. Zyryanov, P.N. History of Russia [Text] M: Education, 1994 4. School encyclopedia. XX century [Text] M: OLMA-PRESS, 2003. 5. A.Ya. Yudovskaya, A.Ya. New history [Text] M: Education, 2000 6. http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki

Thank you for your attention!

D / h § 4 (retelling)

Question 7 – answer in writing in your notebook

• What were the goals of the anti-French coalitions? Who were Russia's allies in the wars with Napoleon in 1805, 1807? ?

• What are the reasons for Russia's failures in 1805-1807? ?

• What was the main condition of the Telsitian peace? How beneficial was it for Russia? How did it affect Russia’s domestic and foreign policy?

Causes and beginning of the war.

WORLD DOMINANCE

France + Austria, Prussia, Italy, sought to capture England, but Russia interfered =

Blitzkrieg(lightning war)

Napoleon Bonaparte

BORDER PROTECTION

Search for allies (Sweden), ending wars on the eastern front

Alexander I

Based on the diagram, compare the military-economic potential of Russia and France ?

powder

shells

cartridges

food

I .Barclay de Tolly

II .Bagration

In the summer of 1812, a French army numbering

600,000 people concentrated in Poland.

Great

Army

III .Tormasov

The commander-in-chief of the Russian army was Alexander I , which made it difficult for the generals to act.

I army

Army

Napoleon

Army

Napoleon

II army

The first and second armies unite under Smolensk and leaving the city they retreat to Moscow. After the unification of the army, M.I. Kutuzov was appointed commander-in-chief.

The actions of the French forced the Russian command to begin a retreat in order to prevent Napoleon from defeating the 1st and 2nd armies one by one.

Initially, Russian troops hoped to meet at the Drissky fortified camp, but the French did not allow them to do this.

P. Hess. Battle of Smolensk

A fierce battle unfolded near Smolensk. The French, having lost 20,000 soldiers , occupied the city only when the Russian command considered its further defense pointless and gave the order to resume the retreat .

M.I. Kutuzov agreed with the retreat of the army and decided to give a general battle 110 km from Moscow at village of Borodino.

By order of Kutuzov, about Shevardino village construction of the earthen fortification began - redoubt.

M.I.Kutuzov.

Battle for Shevardinsky redoubt

24 August to the village Shevardino The French arrived. They immediately attacked the redoubt. The battle continued until late at night. In the morning, Napoleon was informed that the Russians had retreated. On August 25, the parties were preparing for the upcoming battle.

V.Vereshchagin.

Napoleon on the Borodino Heights.

August 27 at 2 a.m. Kutuzov ordered the troops to withdraw. The French lost 60 thousand soldiers, but the battlefield remained behind them. Russians - 40 thousand, but they were forced to continue their retreat.

4. During the battle, the commander of the 2nd Army P. Bagration was mortally wounded. He was replaced at the command post by General N. Tuchkov.

3. An equally fierce battle took place on Kurgan Heights, where Raevsky’s battery was located. The French captured it several times, but Russian soldiers regained the position in bayonet attacks.

5. The French repelled the raid of Russian cavalrymen and at that moment Napoleon moved his Old Guard into battle. On August 27 at 2 a.m. Kutuzov ordered the withdrawal of troops.

6. Kutuzov. In order to relieve tension in the center, he sent the Cossacks of Ataman Platov and the dragoons of General Uvarov to bypass the French. But suddenly Napoleon gave the order to return the Guard back. By evening the battle began to calm down.

2. The battle began at 5.30 am. Napoleon directed the main attack on the left flank, where Bagration's Flashes were located. The battle for them continued all day. The flushes changed hands 7 times, but the French were never able to break through the defenses and reach the rear of the 1st Army.

Tarutino maneuver

Military Council in Fili 1.09.1812

Kutuzov approached Moscow and assembled a military council in Fili village and after listening to everyone present, he said: "With the loss of Moscow - Russia is not lost yet...But when the army is destroyed, Moscow and Russia will perish.”

Napoleon settled down on Poklonnaya Hill and admired the Russian capital. But, contrary to expectations, the deputation with the keys to the city never appeared.

The Russian army left the capital by Ryazan road, then switched to Kaluga , and broke away from Murat’s pursuing corps.

V.Vereshchagin.

In front of Moscow, awaiting the deputation of the boyars.

Moscow fire (1812)

Occurred on September 2-6 (September 14-18), 1812, during the French occupation of Moscow, abandoned by the Russian army after the Battle of Borodino. The fire engulfed almost the entire Zemlyanoy City and the White City, as well as significant areas on the outskirts of the city, destroying three-quarters of the majority of the stone buildings.

Guerrilla movement

Enormous damage was caused to the French by partisan detachments that blocked French communications from Moscow to the border in the West.

Partisans:

• Denis Davydov,
• A. Seslavin,
• A. Figner,
• soldier E. Chetvertakov,
• peasants G. Kurin and V. Kozhina.

Denis Davydov

The contribution of the partisans to the defeat of the enemy with good reason allowed us to call the war of 1812 Patriotic.

The death of the "Great Army"

Crossing

Berezina river.

The last battle took place while crossing the Berezina River in November 1812.

The Russians immediately attacked the French and Napoleon, who lost more here 30 000 soldier, abandoned the army and returned to Paris with the remnants of the Old Guard.

The Russians rarely got ahead of the French, although they had many opportunities for this; when they managed to get ahead of the enemy, they released him every time; in all battles the French remained victorious; the Russians gave them the opportunity to accomplish the impossible; but if we sum it up, it turns out that the French army ceased to exist, and the entire campaign ended in complete success for the Russians, with the exception that they failed to capture Napoleon himself and his closest collaborators... (K. von Clausewitz).

December 25, 1812. Alexander I issued a manifesto on the expulsion of the enemy from Russia and the end of the Patriotic War.

Results of the war:

• Destruction of the country (Moscow)
• Death of the population
• Strengthening Russia's role in international relations

In January 1813 began " Foreign campaign of the Russian army"- the fighting moved to the territory of Germany and France.

In 1912, the year of the centenary of the Patriotic War of 1812, the Russian government decided to search for living participants in the war. Found in the vicinity of Tobolsk Pavel Yakovlevich Tolstoguzov, an alleged participant in the Battle of Borodino, who at that time was 117 years old.

Award medal in honor of the 100th anniversary of the victory in the Patriotic War of 1812.

Inscription: “This glorious year has passed, but the deeds accomplished in it will not pass away”

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Patriotic War of 1812

Bonaparte Napoleon (1769 - 1821) At the end of the 18th century, General Napoleon Bonaparte seized power in France and proclaimed himself emperor. Since that time, events in Western Europe have been associated with his name and wars.

The map shows in yellow the territory that Napoleon controlled in 1812 after the conquest of a number of states. It's Russia's turn.

J.L. David. Napoleon in his office. On June 12, 1812, a huge French army invaded Russia. The Patriotic War of the Russian people against the invaders began.

Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov took command of all Russian troops. Kutuzov understood that with every step deeper into Russia, the forces of the French would weaken, and the strength of the Russian troops would increase. His Serene Highness Prince Mikhail Illarionovich Golenishchev-Kutuzov-Smolensky 1745 - 1813

Therefore, Kutuzov continued to retreat until a convenient position for battle was found near Mozhaisk.

The battle lasted all day with varying success. When it got dark, the battle died down by itself. Napoleon did not win the battle at Borodino for the first time. For the Russians this was a significant victory.

Russian troops retreated to Moscow. Kutuzov convenes a military council in Fili and poses the question: fight near Moscow or surrender the ancient capital. The decisive words were Kutuzov’s words: “As long as the army is intact, Russia is intact.” It was decided to leave Moscow. A. Kivshenko. Military Council in Fili

Residents hastily left Moscow. French troops entered the empty city. This was the first time. In all the countries conquered by Napoleon, noble citizens, admitting defeat, presented Napoleon with the keys to the city. Napoleon waited a long time on Poklonnaya Hill, but no one brought him the keys to Moscow. And in the morning Moscow was on fire. The French found themselves with nowhere to go for winter quarters.

The fall and fire of Moscow shocked the Russian people. People's militia began to gather throughout the country. The partisan movement flared up in the occupied lands. The partisan movement flared up in the occupied lands. The partisans destroyed French convoys and attacked enemy troops.

The French could no longer remain in devastated Moscow. And the Russian army blocked all their routes to the south. It was then that Napoleon realized that Borodino was not a victory, but a defeat. His army was forced to go back again, along the Old Smolensk Road that he had destroyed.

The retreat of the French was accompanied by Kutuzov's army, giving them no rest either on the way or on vacation. Finally, on December 14, 1812, the last remnants of the French troops were expelled from Russia. The collapse of Napoleon's empire began.

A. Kivshenko. Entry of Russian and allied troops into Paris. In 1814, Russian troops and their allies entered Paris. Thus ended the attempt to bring Russia to its knees.

Heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812 Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly

Denis Vasilievich Davydov Nadezhda Andreevna Durova

Alexey Petrovich Ermolov Mikhail Andreevich Miloradovich

Grateful descendants keep the memory of the events of the Patriotic War of 1812. The grave of M. I. Kutuzov in the Kazan Cathedral. Monument to Kutuzov near the Kazan Cathedral.

Monument to Russian soldiers on the Borodino field.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

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