Stories for children about the Great Patriotic War. Methodical manual "for children about war" What is war for children

What is it for? Parents often worry that scary stories about war can cause nightmares. And indeed, there is no need to explain to kids all the details of the fighting. Information should be dosed taking into account the age of the child. At the same time, knowledge of historical events and pride in the country are the basis of patriotic education. Children should remember the heroism of their ancestors and their exploits.

Why tell children about war?

Knowledge of the history of one’s country is the main stage in the development of a child’s personality. For a boy, a story about military operations will help him form the image of a courageous and brave hero. Girls will be more interested in women's roles during the war - caring for children, wounded soldiers.

Stories about military exploits help develop a sense of patriotism and pride in one’s country and people. It is difficult to tell a child about the Patriotic War in one sitting. Therefore, it is best to divide the conversation into several parts.

How to tell a child about the war? Should be taken into account when drawing up a conversation plan. The little ones can read short poems about the war, talk about medals and awards. Older children will be interested in technology, weapons, and the exploits of heroes.

For clarity, parents should take their child to a museum or to a monument to military glory. Visual perception will strengthen the understanding of the heroic feat of the country and help to understand the inadmissibility of military actions in the future.

Battlefield

How to tell children about the Great Patriotic War? How not to frighten a child with the horrors of battle? When talking about the Patriotic War, it should be explained that Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union. The enemy’s insidious plan was to destroy the sleeping, unsuspecting people as quickly as possible.

In a conversation with a child, it is necessary to indicate that the whole country has united against the invaders. Battles took place not only in specially designated places - on battlefields. Military actions arose wherever enemies appeared. In every city or village, residents defended their freedom, not wanting to submit to the occupiers.

This is how the partisans appeared. These are people who did not serve in the army, but carried out underground activities defending their people. They hid in the forest, destroyed the enemy, and disabled military equipment.

The soldiers who went to the front fought in entire detachments and divisions. These were ordinary citizens who wanted to help their country.

How to competently tell children about the war of 1941-1945? At what age should they start having conversations? By the age of 3, a child already understands who enemies and friends are. At this age you should not go into details. Suffice it to say that our country won this war. On May 9, citizens celebrate their triumph. On Victory Day, veterans put on medals, war songs are played, and fireworks are displayed.

Why did the war start?

How to tell children about the Great Patriotic War? How can I explain to them why it started? Such questions worry parents and young kindergarten teachers. Before Victory Day, preschool institutions hold conversations about war heroes and learn poems and songs.

Children should be explained that interstate conflicts can occur for various reasons. For example, the leaders of the countries quarreled, or the enemy wanted to seize a rich and prosperous region. The war with Nazi Germany had completely different reasons.

The fascist ruler decided to kill people based on their nationality. Only she had the right to live and dominate the planet. All other nationalities (Russians, Poles, French, Armenians, Jews) were to be destroyed or completely submit to the fascist regime.

In this regard, it should be clarified that people of different nationalities lived in Germany. This country was the first to suffer from the Nazis. In order not to become slaves of the fascists, the Russian people decided to defeat the enemy.

How to tell your child about war? How to explain its name? The Fatherland is the native land in which the home and family are located. The soldiers fought for their country, children, wives, parents. That's why the Patriotic War got its name.

Military equipment and military professions

How to tell children about the war? Where to start? You can remember that every person has his own profession. There are doctors, workers, teachers, salesmen. And there are people who are specially trained in the basics of tactics and strategy. Even in peacetime, the development of military equipment - aircraft, weapons, tanks, rocket launchers - continues.

During war, people of military professions become commanders. These are generals, marshals, who use the map to determine where the enemy will go, where it is best to catch and neutralize him.

Pilots, signalmen, doctors - during the war they were in the hottest spots. Tanks, ships, artillery, airplanes - all military equipment was controlled by trained people. There were battles not only on the streets of cities, but also in the air and at sea.

Women who were in the rear worked in factories and fields, sewed military uniforms, and prepared weapons. Many of them went to the front as nurses. The Second World War brought devastation and grief. You can tell your children about how in the rear, children worked in factories with their mothers, how there was not enough food, how enemies blew up houses, how people hid in bomb shelters.

Poems, stories, songs

Poems and stories written specifically for preschoolers will help tell children about the war of 1941-1945. S. Alekseev has miniatures about the siege of Leningrad (“Fur Coat”, “First Column”). A. Mityaev’s story “A Bag of Oatmeal” tells about the relationships between soldiers. V. Bogomolov has a sketch “Eternal Flame” about the defenders of Stalingrad.

L. Kassil and A. Gaidar wrote on military topics. You can include poems by A. Tvardovsky, V. Vysotsky in the conversation. After listening, songs of the war years (“Cranes”, “Katyusha”) can be learned with older preschoolers.

You can tell the children that in between battles the soldiers rested, wrote poems, communicated, remembered their relatives, and wrote letters. Songs of the war years helped to survive the unequal struggle. These are “Holy War”, “In the Dugout”, “Dark Night”, “Alyosha”, “Darkie”, “Blue Handkerchief”, “Oh, Roads”, “Road to Berlin”.

Stories, songs, poems should be selected taking into account the age of the children. After listening, you can have a conversation about the content of the miniature. Photographs of the war years and famous reproductions will help enhance the impression of the story.

Hero Cities

When talking about the war, you must remember that there are hero cities. This honorary title is awarded to a locality for the courage and heroism shown by its residents. Such cities are located on the territory of Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia.

The Brest Hero Fortress was the first to take the enemy's blow. The soldiers resisted to the last, trying to gain time. Almost all the defenders of the fortress fell in an unequal battle. The struggle continued for a whole month. All this time, a red flag flew over the fortress - a symbol of courage and unity of the people.

The hero city of Odessa is a beautiful port on the Black Sea coast. The Nazis gradually captured the streets. The trenches and barricades no longer helped - the enemy army was so large. But the Odessa residents did not give up: they left the city and hid in the catacombs. This is the name of the huge space underground. Tunnels several tens of kilometers long sheltered the local population from the Nazis. And then the subversive war began. Odessa residents, getting out of the catacombs at night, set fire to houses with fascists, disabled trains.

The hero city Leningrad found itself in the enemy ring. Fascist troops surrounded the northern capital - they did not let people out and did not allow food convoys to enter its territory. The siege of Leningrad lasted almost 2 years. People were starving, the heating did not work. But the residents survived this test. They did not surrender to the enemy. They were not afraid of winter cold, hunger, exhausting work, or disease. Their courage serves as an example to posterity to this day.

Awards

How to tell children about the Great War? You can try to motivate your child to think independently. For example, ask the following question: “Why do they receive medals and orders during the war?” Children of older preschool age can already tell themselves that soldiers received awards for courage, exploits, and bravery.

During the Patriotic War, soldiers and commanders were awarded medals (“For Courage”, “For Military Merit”) and orders (“Red Banner”, “Red Star”).

For the defense of hero cities, special awards were issued “For the Defense of Moscow”, “For the Defense of Sevastopol”, “For the Defense of Leningrad”.

Nevsky and Suvorov were received by commanders for success in managing detachments and divisions. The Order of the Patriotic War was awarded to ordinary soldiers, partisans, and commanding officers of the Red Army and Navy.

Children-heroes

Preschoolers understand more the image of children like themselves. How to tell a child about the war? Tell about the child heroes who, without fear of reprisals, helped the country win.

Vitya Khomenko learned excellent German at school. He got a job in the fascists' canteen, where he washed dishes, served officers, and listened to conversations. Often the Nazis, not knowing that the boy understood their language, blurted out military secrets. Vitya Khomenko reported information to the partisan detachment. He also delivered weapons and explosives to the underground. He was executed along with other partisans.

Lara Mikheenko found herself far from home. For the summer holidays, she went to the village to visit relatives, where the war found her. The settlement was captured by the Nazis. Lara decided to help the partisan detachment. Dressed in rags, the little girl walked around the area begging for food. But in fact, Lara vigilantly looked out for where the enemy’s guns and headquarters were located. She took part in military operations and blew up trains. No one would have guessed that the girl could be a partisan. She was shot after the traitor handed Lara over to the Nazis.

Museum of Military Glory

Before Victory Day, children from kindergartens and schools come to monuments or the Eternal Flame. They lay flowers at the graves of fallen heroes, promising to preserve the memory of their exploits.

The excursion will help children see the soldiers’ uniforms, awards, grenades, helmets, flasks, and raincoats. There are also photographs of the war years, letters from soldiers, and their biographies.

A story about the war in kindergarten

In kindergarten there is a wide range of opportunities to tell children about the war. These include conversations, learning songs, dances, reading poetry, participating in military relay games, and the opportunity to try on tunics and caps.

How to tell a 4-year-old child about war? You shouldn’t say the words “kill”, “wound”, “explode” at that age. Suffice it to say that the enemies have captured the country. But the heroes defended the cities, protected their families and won.

Before telling a 5-year-old child about the war, you can read a story or poem, show a reproduction or photograph from the battlefield. It is necessary to convey to the child’s consciousness that war is bad. These are destroyed cities, lack of food and a quiet life. You should also introduce the child to military equipment (guns, tanks).

In older preschool age, one can already focus on the fact that adults and children did not spare their lives. They risked themselves under bullets, trying to bring victory to the country.

Parents about the war

In kindergarten (closer to Victory Day), teachers explain to parents how to tell their children about the war. Almost every family has its own stories about grandparents who took part in hostilities or worked on the home front. You can show family photographs and veterans' orders.

The main thing in such a conversation is sincerity. You should also explain to your child that wars have always happened. Even using the example of fairy-tale heroes, one can talk about the essence of military operations.

You can go with your child to or to a museum, lay flowers in memory of fallen heroes, watch the Victory Parade on TV, express your rejection of war in your creativity.

Children's creativity

On the eve of school, pupils and pupils prepare crafts and paint pictures on military themes. At home, you can continue to create together: make a craft and give it to your grandfather or grandmother. It could be a tank, plane, ship. Or you can draw a picture and hang it in your apartment.

You should not frighten your child with the fact that war can start any day. It's better to give him a sense of stability. Explain that victory gave us the opportunity to live in peace, study and work, walk calmly and not be afraid of enemies. We should thank the veterans for this.

When a child asks about the war, he wants to hear more that he is loved and will not be offended. Parents should help their child cope with anxiety and worry.

1. You should talk about the war in simple, concise language. The younger the child, the clearer and more accessible the information should be.
2. There is no need to try to tell everything at once. It is better to divide the conversation into several parts. Talk about weapons in a museum, about heroism - at a monument, about gratitude - when creating
3. Older children definitely need to convey information about some of the nuances of war as truthfully as possible. A parent should be prepared for hard-hitting questions. If you don’t want to answer right away, warn your child that he will find out everything, but later.

Municipal budget preschool

educational institution combined kindergarten No. 30

Badak T.M.

Toolkit

We tell children about the war.

Art. Leningradskaya 2014

“Spiritual and moral education of preschool children through artistic expression”

Reviewer________ Shevchenko E.D. - teacher

GAPOUKK "Leningrad Pedagogical College" Krasnodar region.

The manual is intended for educators and parents. The manual contains conversations, stories, poems, scripts for holidays dedicated to the Great Patriotic War that helptell children about Victory Day, the Great Patriotic War, about war heroes, both veterans and children of war, about how the people, thanks to courage and love for the Motherland, defended the world. Children must become true patriots of their country.

Introduction.

They will live in our hearts forever
Heroes of the past war.
Our memory of them is endlessly dear to us.
And with this you and I are strong...
Memory

Victory Day... “This is joy with tears in our eyes,” said the poet. And indeed, on this day joy and sorrow are nearby. There is no family in Russia that was spared by the war. Therefore, on this day, every family remembers those who remained on the battlefields and those who established a peaceful life after the war. They also congratulate the soldiers of the Great Patriotic War who live today. and there are fewer and fewer of them. It was they who stood to the last - defending their Motherland. They stood and survived. And those who were not taken to the front forged victory in the rear. The women who replaced the departed men built tanks and airplanes, plowed and sowed, and also raised children and saved the future of the country. That is why Victory Day is truly a national holiday.

It is very important to remember the history of your Motherland - especially its sad and significant pages. This fosters the spirit of patriotism in the child. During our childhood, Victory Day was celebrated annually - memorials of glory, laying flowers at the Eternal Flame, stories and honoring of veterans, fireworks, films and programs about the war. It was a real holiday - without false patriotism. And we adults need to tell our children about Victory Day, the Great Patriotic War, about the heroes of the war, both veterans and children of the war, about events and defeats, about what ruins our Motherland turned into, and how quickly and unitedly they restored their Motherland survivors of the Great Patriotic War.

If it were not for the courage and dedication of our grandparents, and for many, great-grandparents, then we would not see clear skies above our heads.

This is already forgotten with each generation.

We must not allow our children to not know about the war and its heroes.

Our children need to be told about the holiday, about the war, about the battles. And the older the child, the more detailed you can talk with him on this topic.

Children should know and appreciate that we now live in peace, without war. And this is thanks to the people who saved us from the Nazis.

By telling your child about the Great Patriotic War, about the feat of the Soviet people, you will not only determine the child’s attitude towards the world and towards yourself, you will teach the child to empathize with the misfortune of others, humanity, and generosity. By telling about the great feat of our grandfathers and great-grandfathers, you will lay the foundations of patriotism and comprehensively develop your personality. I remember as a child I very often read books about the war, about partisans. And the book “Street of the Youngest Son” was my favorite. Unfortunately, children now do not read so willingly.

If children do not read, you can watch films, read and learn poems for Victory Day. And also listen together military songs.

Older children can readbooks about the war, about little pioneer heroes and Komsomol members who defended our Motherland. There are many stories about partisans and scouts.

Here are some books for children:

V. Kataev “Son of the regiment.”

E. Ilyina “Fourth Height”

A. Fadeev "Sashko"

K. Paustovsky "Steel ring".

The methodological manual contains articles, activities, poems, and scenarios that talk about how to talk to children about the war.

What to tell your child about Victory?

The Great Victory that our country won over Nazi Germany has no analogues in history. It is called the “Great Victory” because it is a war of sensible people in the most terrible war in the history of mankind, which was imposed on us by fascism.

Fascism is a doctrine that asserts the superiority of one people over another. The Nazis considered the Germans to be a special people, the best and most talented, strong and smart. The Nazis considered the rest of the people stupid and savage. They called them “non-humans”. The fascists included Russians and Jews, Belarusians, Ukrainians, Gypsies, Romanians, etc. among such peoples.

Germany, led by Adolf Hitler, set itself the task of subjugating the entire world, destroying foreign culture and science, banning education, turning all people into slaves and forcing them to serve themselves.

Early in the morning, Sunday June 22, 1941, Germany treacherously, without warning, attacked our fatherland. A blow of unknown force was struck. Hitler attacked our country over a large area at once, from the Baltic Sea to the Carpathian Mountains. His troops crossed our borders, thousands of guns opened fire on peacefully sleeping villages and cities. The soldiers were given orders to destroy not only soldiers, but also civilians - old people, women, children. Enemy planes began to bomb railways, train stations and airfields. Thus began the war between Russia and Germany - the Great Patriotic War. This war was called great because tens of millions of people took part in it, it lasted four years, and victory in it required enormous exertion of physical and spiritual strength from our people. And it is called patriotic, because this war was aimed at protecting one’s fatherland.

Our country did not expect an attack. During these June days, tenth-graders were graduating from school and proms were taking place. The graduates made plans for the future, but the war ruined everything.

On June 22 at 12 noon the radio announced an attack on our country. Mobilization to the front began. Every day, trains carried soldiers to the front. Everyone was rushing there. On the first day alone, about a million people signed up for the Red Army. 81 states were drawn into this terrible war. In total, 80% of the total population took part in the war, i.e. out of every 10 people, 8 participated, which is why this war is called the World War.

In terms of the scale of human casualties and destruction, this war surpassed all wars that have happened on our planet. A huge number of people were destroyed, about 55 billion people in total.

Why did Hitler count on a quick victory?

Because such victories have already happened to the German army. Almost without resistance they captured many European countries: Poland and Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Romania, but with our country Hitler misfired, we won this war.

On May 9, 1945, the first Victory Parade took place in Moscow.. Thousands of people with bouquets of flowers took to the streets. People laughed, cried, hugged.

The horror and losses of the Great Patriotic War united all people in the fight against fascism, and therefore the joy of victory in 1945 swept not only Russia, but the whole world. It was a holiday for the whole people with tears in their eyes. Everyone rejoiced at the Victory and mourned the dead.

We will never forget those who burned in tanks, who threw themselves from the trenches under hurricane fire, who did not spare their lives and overcame everything. Not for the sake of awards and honors, but so that we can now live, study, work and be happy.

Every year on May 9, people solemnly celebrate this date. In our country, May 9 is a public holiday; on this day people do not work, but congratulate war veterans and celebrate.

Be sure to go to the festive parade, Red Hill, and go to the eternal flame. Find out in advance what time the celebration is scheduled to start. Stock up on a holiday bouquet; perhaps you and your child will make a greeting card for a veteran. It will be just great if you come dressed in military equipment and a soldier’s kitchen.

At home, you can read poems about the war, children's books: “The Last Assault”, “The Thirteenth Skier”, “Operation Bridge”, “You and I are a Soldier”, “The Main Army”. Turn on war songs and do not rush to drive away from the TV, during the broadcast of a film about the war, show a short clip of the battle, clarify that regardless of rank and position, all these people are heroes. Tell us about your attitude to this holiday.

Conversation with children about the Victory Day holiday

Victory Day is the greatest and most important holiday both for Russia and for many other countries of the world.

On June 22, 1941, our country was attacked by hordes of enemies - fascists. The fascists thought that they were the most important in the world, and all other people should obey them. A terrible war began, which lasted four years.

It was very difficult not only for Russian soldiers and officers, but also for all residents of our Motherland, adults and children, during the war. The army, with the help of the people, defeated the enemies and drove them out of Russia, and then from other countries.

The war, which was called the Great Patriotic War, ended in May 1945. And in June of the same year, the Victory Parade took place on Red Square in Moscow. The victorious soldiers solemnly walked across the square and threw the banners of the defeated fascists to the ground. It was a great day.

Many years ago
An unknown soldier died
And the children live and grow,
They bring flowers to the obelisk.

Thank you, dear soldier,
That he protected everyone that spring.
How long has your mother been waiting for you?
I'm tired of cursing the war.

We are glad for the warmth and spring,
But we remember the terrible war,
So let's be friends and love,
Just to be happy!
How do we celebrate Victory Day?

On the morning of May 9, military parades are held in the main cities of Russia, Moscow and St. Petersburg. Veterans of the Great Patriotic War put on orders and medals and organize ceremonial processions through the streets. People give them bouquets of flowers. Then the veterans get together and remember their comrades, how they fought, and sing songs of the war years.

On Victory Day, people lay wreaths and flowers at military monuments.

And in the evening, when it gets dark, the Victory Salute begins. Multi-colored lights fly into the sky and scatter into many sparkling sparks. People look at this beauty and rejoice. Let there never be war again! May there always be peace!

Early morning on a May day

Grandfather and I got up.

I ask: “Put it on quickly,

Grandfather, medals!”

We're marching to the parade

Peace and sunshine are welcome,

And grandpa's sparkles

Awards on the chest.

Without giving up my land

To enemy soldiers,

Our Motherland was saved

Great-grandfathers once upon a time.

How old am I? Only five

But I won’t hide it from you,

That I want to become worthy

Grandfather-hero!

✿ What holiday is the poem talking about? Name this holiday.

In the pictures you see orders and medals that were awarded to valiant soldiers and officers during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Look carefully at these awards and name which ones the veteran grandfather has.

About Victory Day for children

The victory of our country and its Armed Forces in the Great Patriotic War is a world-historical victory. The victory of reason over evil, over fascism, over misfortune.

The war was fought by many nations of the world. But the main burden of the military burden fell on the shoulders of our country.

May 9, 1945 - the unforgettable Victory Day of our state over fascism - belongs to those joyful, great dates that will not be erased in the memory of our people and all progressive humanity. The unprecedented exploits of Soviet patriots during the harsh years of the Great Patriotic War will forever remain an example of the highest courage and bravery, a brilliant example of military art.

At critical moments of historical development, both an individual and entire nations undergo a tough exam, undergo tests, test all their moral and physical strength. Such a test in the history of our people was the Great Patriotic War against the Nazi invaders.

During the days of the war, millions of ordinary Soviet people showed the world exceptional greatness of spirit, fiery patriotism, perseverance, strength and beauty of national character.

The Great Patriotic War was a national war in which the lines between the front and the rear were largely erased. This feature was clearly manifested in the mass participation of workers in defensive measures. The efforts of the people led to the fact that the volume of military production increased sharply. Mass production of the latest military equipment and weapons at that time made it possible already at the end of 1942 - beginning of 1943 to surpass the enemy not only in quantity, but also in the quality of military equipment. Together with the working class, the collective farm peasantry provided selfless assistance to the front. Scientists and scientific institutions made a huge contribution to the restructuring of the national economy on a war footing. Women and youth showed an example of heroism in these harsh years.

Every warrior is a hero He walked toward the enemy in a hurry. He risked himself more than once So that life is good.
Iris Review

In those years, our state was called the Soviet Union. And all the peoples of our multinational state, as one, stood up to defend the Fatherland.

The foreign policy of our government contributed to the unity of the forces of freedom-loving peoples, and this led to the creation of a powerful anti-Hitler coalition. It included the USA, England and other countries. The joint struggle of the Armed Forces and the anti-Hitler coalition contributed to the approach of the Great Day - Victory Day.

Having liberated the territory of their native country from aggressors, our people extended a fraternal helping hand to the peoples of Europe, rescued them from fascist slavery and ended the war with the complete and final defeat of fascism.

The Armed Forces of the Fatherland justified the trust and love of their people. Having defeated a strong and aggressive enemy, they honorably fulfilled their duty to their Motherland. The world-historical Victory of our country and its Armed Forces in the war against fascism will never be erased from human memory.

About besieged Leningrad

Alyosha, his mother and father lived in Leningrad. On that hot summer day they all came to the zoo together. Alyosha ate ice cream and walked from cage to cage, looking at elephants, giraffes, monkeys... Suddenly they announced on the radio: “The war has begun.” From that moment on, the life of every person changed.

Alyosha’s dad worked as a driver and soon went to the front to fight the Nazis. He became a tank driver.

2 months after the start of the war, the Germans surrounded the city of Leningrad. They wanted the Leningraders to surrender and bombed the city every day. Soon there was no food left in the stores. Hunger began, and with the onset of winter also cold. But exhausted people continued to work anyway. Alyosha’s mother stood at the machine at the factory all day long, making bullets, shells and bombs. Alyosha went to kindergarten. There the children were fed thin porridges with water and soups in which a few pieces of potatoes were floating. When the bombing began, the children were taken to a dark basement. The children sat huddled close to each other and listened to the bombs going off overhead.

Leningraders received a small piece of bread a day. They went to the river for water and from there they carried heavy buckets full of water. To keep warm, they lit stoves and burned books, chairs, old shoes, and rags in them.

People spent almost three years in besieged Leningrad. But they didn't give up!

Alyosha is now an old man - Alexey Nikolaevich. And every day he comes to the Victory Monument to bow to those who died during the war.

Stories

About the boy Tishka and a detachment of Germans

The boy Tishka had a large family: mother, father and three older brothers. The village in which they lived was located near the border. When German soldiers attacked our country, Tishka was only 10 years old.

On the second day of the war, the Germans had already broken into their village. They selected the strongest men and women and sent them to work in Germany. Among them was Tishka’s mother. And they themselves went further - to conquer our lands.

Tishka's dad, his brothers, Tishka and other men of the village went into the forest and became partisans. Almost every partisan either blew up German trains, or cut telephone wires, or got hold of important documents, or captured a German officer, or drove the Germans out of the village.

And for Tishka there was work too. He walked through the villages and looked out how many guns, tanks and soldiers the Germans had. Then he returned back to the forest and reported to the commander. One day, in one of the villages, Tishka was caught by two German soldiers. Tishka said that he was going to his grandmother, but the Germans did not believe him: “You know where the partisans are! Take us to them!”

Tishka agreed and led a large German detachment. Only he was not walking towards the partisans, but in the completely opposite direction, towards a huge swampy swamp. The swamp was covered with snow and seemed like a huge field. Tishka walked through the swamp only along one invisible path known to him. The Germans who followed him fell into the dark muck. So one boy destroyed the entire German detachment.

VICTORY BRIGHT DAY

Sasha took out his toy gun and asked Alyonka: “Am I a good military man?” Alyonka smiled and asked: “Will you go to the Victory Day parade dressed like this?” Sasha shrugged his shoulders, and then replied: “No, I’ll go to the parade with flowers - I’ll give them to real warriors!” Grandfather heard these words and stroked Sasha on the head: “Well done, grandson!” And then he sat down next to him and began to talk about the war and victory.

On May 9 we celebrate Victory Day in the Great Patriotic War. Grandfathers and great-grandfathers, grandmothers and great-grandmothers put on orders and go to meet their veteran friends. Together they remember what the war years were like.

World War II began in 1939. It covered more than 60 countries of the world! She came to our country on the terrible morning of June 22, 1941. It was Sunday, people were relaxing and planning their day off. Suddenly the news struck like thunder: “The war has begun! Nazi Germany launched an offensive without declaring war...” All adult men put on military uniforms and went to the front. Those who remained joined the partisans to fight the enemy in the rear.

During the long war years, people could not live in peace. Every day brought losses, real grief. More than 60 million people did not return home. Half of the dead were residents of the former Soviet Union. Almost every family has lost a grandfather, father, brother or sister...

The Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian and other peoples of the USSR paid a heavy price for participating in this terrible war. The war spared neither the elderly nor the children.

The attackers mocked the residents of captured cities and villages. Our soldiers fought bravely against the invaders. They could not forgive the burned houses, the destroyed monuments of national culture. And they felt even more pain for their lost relatives and friends. The soldiers were not afraid of hunger or cold. Perhaps they were scared too. But the dream of victory and a peaceful life constantly supported them.

The year was 1945. The Great Patriotic War against the fascist invaders was approaching a victorious end. Our soldiers fought as best they could. In the spring, our army approached the capital of Nazi Germany - the city of Berlin.

The Battle of Berlin continued until May 2. The storming of the Reichstag, where German leaders gathered, was especially desperate. On May 8, 1945, representatives of the German High Command signed an act ending the war. The enemy has surrendered. May 9 became Victory Day, a great holiday for all humanity.

Now on this day festive fireworks are sure to bloom with millions of colors. Veterans are congratulated, songs are sung for them, poems are read. Flowers are brought to the monuments of the dead. We always remember that peace on earth is the most important value.

Where the grain is high near the Kuban rivers,
Where the gardens and villages are beautiful,
The Cossacks sing their proud songs.
These songs fly across Russia
These songs live:
The joy of sunny years
And the years that fell with grief...
These songs live:
A true story about Malaya Zemlya
And the legends about the Hill of Heroes.
These songs flew on the wings of blades,
It became an immortal epic:
They show the victorious stride of the Kuban regiments
From the native steppes to Berlin.
And clouds float over the battlefields.
They float over the gardens, over the hills. . . .
We sing songs about the heroes of Kuban
And Russia sings with us! (V. Podkopaev)..

Poems for Victory Day for children

Let there be peace

Let the machine guns not fire,

And the menacing guns are silent,

Let there be no smoke in the sky,

May the sky be blue

Let the bombers run over it

They don't fly to anyone

People and cities don't die...

Peace is always needed on earth!

Together with grandfather

The morning fog has melted,

Spring is showing off...

Today grandfather Ivan

Cleaned up the orders.

We're going to the park together

Meet

A soldier, gray-haired like him.

They will remember there

Your brave battalion.

They'll have a heart-to-heart talk there

About all the affairs of the country,

About wounds that still hurt

From the distant days of the war.

Even then we were not in the world

When fireworks thundered from one end to another.

Soldiers, you gave to the planet

Great May, victorious May!

Even then we were not in the world,

When in a military storm of fire,

Deciding the fate of future centuries,

You fought a holy battle!

Even then we were not in the world,

When you came home with Victory.

Soldiers of May, glory to you forever

From all the earth, from all the earth!

Thank you, soldiers.

For life, for childhood and spring,

For silence, for a peaceful home,

For the world we live in!

Remember

(Excerpt)

Remember how the guns thundered,

How soldiers died in the fire

In forty-one, forty-five -

The soldiers went to battle for the truth.

Remember, both thunderstorms and wind are in our power,

We are responsible for happiness and tears,

On the planet our children -

The younger generation lives on.

Soldiers

The sun disappeared behind the mountain,

And along the steppe road

From the heat, from the evil heat

The gymnasts on the shoulders were faded;

Your battle banner

The soldiers shielded themselves from their enemies with their hearts.

They did not spare lives

Defending the fatherland - the native country;

Overcame, won

All enemies in the battles for the holy Motherland.

The sun disappeared behind the mountain,

The river riffles have become foggy,

And along the steppe road

Soviet soldiers were walking home from the war.

Victory Day.

May holiday
Victory Day
The whole country celebrates.
Our grandfathers put on
Military orders.

The road calls them in the morning
To the ceremonial parade,
And thoughtfully from the threshold
Grandmothers are looking after them!

I play toy soldiers.

Tatiana Shapiro

I play toy soldiers. I have a gun.
There is also a saber.
There are also tanks.
I'm big and I'm 5 years old!
I play toy soldiers.
This is child's play.
But I know this for sure -
Our World was created for Good!
So that children do not know the war.
May the sky be peaceful.
And remained to be a toy
Forever infantry platoon!!!

Victory Day!

Tatiana Shapiro

Victory Day!
Victory Day!
We are all going to the parade.
Victory Day!
Victory Day!
We carry red flags.
Victory Day!
Victory Day
The whole country is celebrating!
Victory Day!
Victory Day!
After all, she is the only one we have!
We carry flags with flowers.
On the most peaceful day of the year.
You never know, children,
About war and trouble!

Congratulations grandpa
Happy Victory Day.
It's even good
That he wasn't there.
Was then as I am now,
Vertically challenged.
Although he did not see the enemy -
I just hated it!
He worked like a big man.
For a handful of bread,
The day of Victory was approaching,
Even though he was not a fighter.
Steadfastly endured all hardships,
Paying with childhood
To live and grow in peace
His grandson is wonderful.
So that in abundance and love
Enjoyed life
So that I don't see the war,
My grandfather saved the Fatherland.

Poems about war, about Victory Day.
My great-grandfather fought in a terrible war.
He probably dreamed about me
Like, it’s a soldier’s job to defend the country,
After all, grandchildren and great-grandchildren want to live.
It’s not good for children to be born in captivity,
We will not surrender our native country to our enemies.

And boldly stepping into a decisive battle
My great-grandfather was not afraid at all.
He believed, even though bullets were whistling at his temple,
Victory is ours, victory is near.
And the brave hero turned out to be right,
His photo is next to me.
“Thank you, grandpa,” I whisper to him, “
For not giving me to anyone.”

***
In our park there is an obelisk -
Memory to all soldiers
Who went to death and risk
In the damned war.

How many of them died then?
Young and old
How the cities burned
In the glow of fires!

But the soldiers walked through the smoke,
Saving the homeland
So that people can sing
On the victorious day of May.

To bloom every year
Apple and cherry trees
So that the children of the whole earth
We enjoyed life.

It was a victorious day
Spring day
Dad and I went to the parade.
We look - there is fun on the street,
The guys have balls and flags.

And veterans with orders
They gathered at the obelisk.
Heroes stand next to us
Those who fought for their homeland.

They held the machine guns tightly,
When the Nazis were driven away,
Loyal soldiers to Russia
They could fight day and night.

Fireworks do not stop on holiday,
And the joy of the warriors is bright.
They bless the boys
For peace and good deeds.

***
We watch films about war
Twentieth century.
The homeland was on fire
And children died.

The Nazis are a pile of locusts
We walked around Russia,
But the bright flags of kumachi
The Russian forces were strengthened.

Drive away hordes of enemies
Soviet heroes,
Like a pack of predatory wolves,
Bringing death and grief.

Many years have passed since then,
But everyone remembers the victory.
Many heroes are not with us,
But the film told about them.

***
Victory Day is a holiday
It's fireworks in the evening
Lots of flags at the parade
People walk and sing.

Veterans with orders
Remember the war
Talking to us
About that victorious spring.

There, in Berlin, in '45,
After the onslaught of attacks
Soared like a winged falcon
High Soviet flag.

Everyone shouted: “Peace, victory!
Let's go home!
Some are happy, some are in trouble,
Who died and who is alive.

We can never forget
We are about the exploits of soldiers.

That's what the guys say.

***
The sea gently rocks
Among the new ships
Old cruiser on the pier,
It houses a museum.

And once upon a time with sailors
Floated far from the ground
And greetings with beeps
The ships sang to him.

His guns protected
Our land at war
And now to the cries of the seagulls
Our cruiser is sleeping on the wave.

The cruiser is proud and beautiful,
Patched up a lot of wounds
He was the defender of Russia,
Nowadays a glorious veteran.

***
We have military men in our family:
My great-grandfather, grandfather and father.
Grandfathers were in the war,
I will also become a soldier.

But not to fight,
Enough death and war!
I will protect our world -
Live in peace, country!

Let the gardens bloom on Earth,
Children will be healthy
We don't need war-trouble,
Let the sun shine brightly!

Who was in the war

My daughter once turned to me:

- Dad, tell me, who was in the war?

- Grandfather Lenya - military pilot -

There was a combat aircraft flying in the sky.

Grandfather Zhenya was a paratrooper.

He didn't like to remember the war

And he answered my questions:

- The battles were very difficult.

Grandma Sonya worked as a doctor,

She saved the lives of soldiers under fire.

Great-grandfather Alyosha in cold winter

He fought with enemies near Moscow itself.

Great-grandfather Arkady died in the war.

Everyone served their homeland well.

Many people did not return from the war.

It's easier to answer who wasn't there.

Overcoat

Why are you saving your overcoat? -

I asked my dad. -

Why don't you tear it up and burn it? -

I asked my dad.

After all, she is both dirty and old,

Take a closer look,

There's a hole in the back,

Take a closer look!

That's why I take care of her, -

Dad answers me, -

That’s why I won’t tear it up, I won’t burn it, -

Dad answers me. -

That's why she's dear to me

What's in this overcoat

We went, my friend, against the enemy

And they defeated him!

Let there be peace!

How tired of Wars in the world.

Soldiers and small children are dying,

The earth groans when shells explode,

Mothers cry and battalion commanders cry.

I want to shout: “People, wait!!!

Stop the war!!! Live with dignity!!!

Nature is dying and the planet is dying,

Well, do you really like it??? »

War is pain, it is death, it is tears.

There are tulips and roses on the mass graves.

It's been a rough time in the world for a while...

Where war rules, there is no peace for anyone.

I encourage you, we all need this,

Let there be peace on earth, let there be friendship,

Let the radiant sun shine on us all,

And wars NEVER happen ANYWHERE!!!

Notes

Abstract for a creative lesson application 2 junior group “Dove of Peace”

Goal: to continue work on instilling patriotism in preschoolers. To consolidate children's knowledge that May 9 is Victory Day. To instill in children a sense of pride in their people and respect for veterans of the Great Patriotic War.

Tell me, please, children, do you like giving gifts? What do you think is more pleasant to receive a souvenir made by the hands of the giver or purchased as a gift?

Children's answer: By human hands.

Educator: So let us make souvenir gifts to our heroes of the Great Patriotic War - veterans, and give them at the May 9 holiday with the words “Thank you for the victory.” Children, listen to another wonderful poem about the Victory Day holiday.

Victory Day

Many years ago

It was a great Victory Day.

Grandfathers remember Victory Day

Each of the grandchildren knows.

Bright holiday Victory Day

The whole country celebrates.

Our grandparents

They put on medals.

We are talking about the first Victory Day

We love listening to their story

How our grandfathers fought

For the whole world and for all of us.

For the craft we will need:

A sheet of paper with a painted dove (2 sheets)

Scissors;

Glue stick;

Blue boiler tube;

Stapler large and small;

St. George Ribbon;

Physical education minute:

Every day in the morning

Let's do exercises.

We really like it

Do it in order:

It's fun to walk

Raise your hands

Put your hands down

Squat and stand up

Jump and gallop.

For children of the second younger group, you can make blanks like this: fasten a tube with a ribbon. And the children’s job will be to cut out doves and glue them together. Then, with the help of the teacher, attach the pigeon to the tube with a stapler.

“Conversation about Victory Day” senior group

Program content:

To consolidate children's knowledge about how the Russian people defended their country during the Great Patriotic War, how the living remember them.

Learn to answer questions in complete sentences, use synonyms and adjectives in speech.

To cultivate respect, love and gratitude for people who defend the Motherland from enemies, war veterans, and take care of them.

Activation of words: fighter, warrior, veterans, valiant, fearless.

Previous work: Reading stories: S. Baruzdin “For the Motherland”, “Glory”, V. Tvardovsky “The Tankman’s Story”; memorizing T. Belozerov’s poem “Victory Day”, examining reproductions, illustrations, sets of postcards about the war.

Preparation for the lesson: We prepared an exhibition with illustrations depicting the battles of the Great Patriotic War, war heroes, about the celebration of Victory Day, prepared the text of the poem “The Tankman’s Tale”, audio recordings: “The Holy War” and “Orchestral Suite No. 3 in D major” by I.S. . Bach, illustrations of medals.

Progress of the lesson:

May 9 is the most important holiday celebrated in our country. What holiday is it? (Victory Day). Who remembers what kind of victory this was? Over whom? (Above the fascists). That's right kids. It was a terrible and long war. It lasted for four whole years. Early on a June morning, Nazi Germany attacked our peaceful country. The Nazis wanted to take over our country and turn our people into slaves. Everyone rose up to defend the Motherland, our army, women, old people, even children. Listen to the song that called on the people to fight the enemy, it’s called “Holy War.”

Get up, the country is huge

Stand up for mortal combat

With fascist dark power

With the damned horde.

May the rage be noble

Boils like a wave

There is a people's war going on

Holy war.

What was the name of this war? Who won this war? When did the war end?

At the very beginning of the war, the Nazis came very close to Moscow, the capital of our Motherland. But our brave soldiers did not allow the Nazis to approach Moscow, but themselves went on the offensive. This war was difficult, difficult and terrible; many people died in it. But the long-awaited Victory Day has arrived. Our valiant warriors drove out the Nazis and themselves came to Berlin. This happened on May 9, 1945. And since then, every resident of our country and residents of other countries celebrate this holiday.

May holiday - Victory Day

Celebrated by the whole country

Our grandfathers put on

Military orders.

The road calls them in the morning

To the ceremonial parade.

And thoughtfully from the threshold

The grandmothers look after them.

(T. Belozerov)

Soldiers and ordinary people performed many feats during the Great Patriotic War. For this, the government of our country awarded them military orders and medals. The most important award was the Golden Star, there were also the Order of the Red Banner, the Order of the Red Star; Medal of Honor"; Order of Glory. (shown in illustrations).

There were many such people, because our people fought courageously and won. But not everyone lived to see the Great Victory. So that no one would forget the valiant heroes and their exploits, many monuments were built throughout the country in memory of war heroes, mass graves in which soldiers killed in battle were buried. Let's remember M. Issakovsky's poem “Remember Forever” (children read the poem).

Wherever you go or go,

But stop here

To the grave this way

Bow with all your heart.

Whoever you are - fisherman, miner,

Scientist or shepherd, -

Remember forever - here lies

Your very best friend.

And for you and for me

He did everything he could.

He did not spare himself in battle,

And he saved his homeland.

(A minute of silence is declared in memory of the victims.)

In our village they also sacredly honor and cherish the memory of the war heroes. In the center of the village, on the square, an eternal flame burns in memory of the people who died in battles during the Great Patriotic War.

But there are few participants in the war left: many years have passed since the Victory Day. Our government takes care of its heroes and helps them. You, too, must treat the war veterans and all older people with respect and gratitude. They defended our Motherland and preserved peace on Earth. And we have one Motherland (children read Z. Alexandrova’s poem “Motherland”).

If they say the word Motherland

Immediately comes to mind

Old house, currants in the garden,

Thick poplar at the gate.

By the river birch tree - shy

And a chamomile hillock...

And others probably remember

Your native Suzemsky yard.

The first boats are in the puddles,

Where was the skating rink recently?

And a large neighboring factory

Loud joyful horn.

Or the steppe is red with poppies,

Virgin gold...

Homeland is different

But everyone has one!

This concludes our lesson. Take care of your Motherland, grow up honest and courageous, brave.

Target:
- Expand knowledge about the Great Patriotic War, cultivate respect for older people: war veterans, home front workers - participants in the Great Victory;
- Strengthen the sense of patriotism and love for the Motherland;
Progress:

The hall is festively decorated. The music of the war years is playing. The boys have flags in their hands, and the girls have flowers.

Ved: The long-awaited Victory Day has arrived! May 9 is a bright and joyful holiday. 68 years ago the war against German fascism ended. We remember with gratitude our warrior defenders who defended the world in a fierce battle.

We owe it to all our defenders, today's veterans and those who are not with us, that we now live under a peaceful, clear sky. Eternal glory to them!

Reb: Victory Day is a holiday,

It's fireworks in the evening.

Lots of flags at the parade

People sing joyfully.

Reb: Veterans with orders

Remember the war

Talking to us

About that victorious spring.

Reb: There, in Berlin, in 1945,

After the onslaught of attacks,

Soared like a winged falcon

High Soviet flag.

Reb: Everyone shouted: “Peace! Victory!

Let's go home!

Some are happy, some are in trouble,

Who died and who is alive!

Reb: We can never forget

We are about the exploits of soldiers.

“Peace is dearer to us than anything else!” -

That's what the guys say.

AN EXERCISE WITH FLAGS AND COLORS IS BEING PERFORMED

To any military song “Three Tankers”

The children sit down. A presentation about the war comes on.

Vedas: On a summer night at dawn,

When the children were sleeping peacefully,

Hitler gave the troops an order

And he sent German soldiers

Against the Russians, against us.

Sounds like "Holy War". Ved. speaks against the background of music.

Get up, people! Hearing the cry of the earth,

The soldiers of the Motherland have gone to the front.

Soldiers bravely went into battle

For every city and for you and me! F-ma ends.

Ved: Almost 70 years ago, a mortal danger loomed over our Motherland. Nazi Germany decided to seize other people's lands, other people's wealth. She managed to conquer many countries, and her turn came to our country. It was June 22.

The Germans really wanted to end the war with a quick victory. German troops bombed our cities and landed from planes, shot at them with tanks and cannons. The Nazis sent more and more soldiers and military equipment into battle. The Germans at that time had more military equipment, but the Soviet soldiers had courage, perseverance and courage. The soldiers went into mortal combat and fought without sparing their lives. But the enemy was strong, he was moving closer and closer to the heart of the Motherland - Moscow. The German command addressed its troops this way: “Soldiers, Moscow is in front of you! All the capitals of the continent bowed before you. Moscow is left for you! Make her bow down, walk through her squares and streets! Moscow is the end of the war, rest. Forward!" and now the enemy has come very close to our capital. All residents of Moscow were preparing for defense. Many Muscovites went to the front straight from school, just like many residents of our Motherland. The war scattered young guys - some to become tankers, some to become anti-aircraft gunners, some to become pilots, telephone operators, intelligence officers, and sailors.

Ved: And our boys dream of becoming tank crews, pilots, captains and officers.

Reb: Even though we are still preschool children,

And we walk like soldiers.

THE SONG “BRAVE SOLDIERS” IS BEING PERFORMED

Vedas: On cold autumn evenings, in moments of calm between battles, the soldiers rested, sitting by the fire, mending their clothes, cleaning their guns, remembering peaceful days, singing songs.

LISTEN TO THE SONG “DARK NIGHT”

Ved: And the soldiers also remembered their wives, beloved girls, sisters, mothers. They remembered how good, cozy, warm it was with them at home. They knew that they were waiting for them from the war, they believed that they would return alive and with VICTORY! And this always made my soul warmer.

PERFORMED BY TANYA “BLUE SHERKIEF” (girls)

Ved: And what a joy every news from home was.

Reb: unfolds the piece of paper, “reads”

This little yellow leaf

er will take away my song,

To help you in battle.

Remember, the girl believes and waits

And your love and your victory!

Ved: The poems are simple, naive, but how much hope and love they contain! Such letters were necessary for the soldier. It is no coincidence that the girl Katyusha from the song that everyone now knows, both adults and children, became a symbol of fidelity and hope. This song turned out to be dear to everyone. And during the days of the war, the soldiers nicknamed the formidable artillery weapon “Katyusha”, which the enemies were terrified of.

THE SONG “KATYUSHA” IS BEING PERFORMED

Ved: Many guys went to the front straight from school. The war scattered young guys - some to become tankers, some to become anti-aircraft gunners, some to become telephone operators, some to become scouts.

Children dramatize S. Mikhalkov’s poem “We are warriors too.” They are distributed throughout the hall, put on costume elements, and take the necessary attributes.

Signalman: (the child sits on a chair, pretending to be a signalman, with headphones on his head, a microphone or telephone in his hands)

Hello, Jupiter? I am Diamond

I can hardly hear you at all

We occupied the village with a fight.

And how are you? Hello! Hello!

Nurse: (bandages a wounded man sitting on a chair)

Why are you roaring like a bear?

It's just a matter of patience.

And your wound is so light,

That it will heal for sure.

Sailor: (looks at the sky through binoculars)

There's an airplane on the horizon. On course, full speed ahead!
Get ready for battle, crew! Leave it alone! Our fighter!

Pilot: (looks at the map)

The infantry is here, and the tanks are here, it takes 7 minutes to fly to the target.
The combat order is clear, the enemy will not leave us!

Machine gunner: (walks along the central wall, holding a machine gun)

So I climbed into the attic.

Perhaps the enemy is hiding here?

We clean the house behind the house.

All together: We will find the enemy everywhere!

The phonogram of the song “Muscovites” plays. There is a story going on in the background.

Ved: There were heavy battles very close to Moscow, and there was a short respite before the battle. In rare hours of rest, soldiers wrote letters to their relatives and loved ones.

Ved: The shells whistled, the rest ended, and again the soldiers went into battle to defend their Motherland and their home. Reconnaissance was a difficult and dangerous task for us during the war. (children arrange attributes for the competition) How many tanks and planes are there in the enemy division, where are they heading? The scout must carefully and unnoticed make his way through the forest, swamp, minefield... He needs to get an envelope with important information at all costs and urgently deliver it to headquarters.

THE “DANGEROUS INTELLIGENCE” COMPETITION IS BEING HELD

The child scout must crawl under the “tree” (arch) without touching it, carefully walk through the swamp (low cubes), go around the mines (pins) with a snake, take the envelope from the chair, and return the same way.

Ved: Girls nurses showed considerable courage and bravery during the war. They had to carry the wounded straight from the battlefield, when explosions thundered around and bullets whistled overhead.

THE COMPETITION “HELP THE WOUNDED” IS BEING HELD

(the attributes are the same, only a wounded soldier is sitting on a chair; a girl nurse, dressed in a white coat, makes her way through all the obstacles on the battlefield to the wounded soldier, takes a bandage from his pocket and bandages the soldier’s leg (arm)).

THE GAME “SAPERS” IS BEING HELD

The field is mined. There are bottles (mines) on the floor, 2 children must crawl and unscrew the caps from each bottle, whoever unscrews the most caps.

Ved: Many soldiers did not return home from that war. We'll never forget

Heroes: no matter how many years pass, descendants will always cherish

Memory of our fathers and grandfathers and thank them for defending the world in

The name of our bright life! let's remember all the fallen heroes and bow

Your heads before their feat! A minute of silence is announced!

*******

Reb: All those who defended the Fatherland,

Glorifies our people.

About the heroes who fell in battles,

Eternal memory lives on!

Everyone: (stand by the chairs)

Glory, glory and praise!

Reb: Let there never be war,

Trouble will not touch us anymore!

On Victory Day all songs are sung,

Fireworks sparkle in honor of the Victory!

LISTEN TO THE SONG “VICTORY DAY”

Holiday May 9th.

Dressed up children enter the hall with ribbons in their hands. While marching, they walk in a circle and stand in a semicircle.

Leading. Dear Guys! Dear guests! Today we celebrate a very solemn day - Victory Day! 70 years have passed since the day our Army and our people defeated Nazi Germany. Every year we celebrate this great holiday. While you are still small, we really want you to grow up to be brave, strong, worthy citizens of our country, who love their Motherland and are able to stand up for its defense in difficult times.
Guys, veterans of the Great Patriotic War came to visit us today, welcome them. (Everyone welcomes guests.)

May 9 is Victory Day! The path to victory was long and difficult. A low bow to the soldiers who honorably fulfilled their duty to the Motherland: both those who returned home and those who did not live to see the great day.

Leading:

The trumpets sing loudly.

To our veterans...

Children

Firework!

Children raise their plumes up and wave them.

Leading:

Ships are sailing into space.

To our veterans...

Children

Firework!

Children wave their plumes.

Leading:

There is peace and work on the planet.

To our veterans...

Children :

Firework!

Children. Firework! Firework! Firework! (raise and wave ribbons 3 times)

Music plays, children take their seats (teachers collect ribbons)

Presenter: 70 years of our glorious Victory. And we remember with gratitude our warriors, defenders who defended the world in a fierce battle. We owe it to all our defenders, today's veterans and those who are not with us, that we now live under a peaceful, clear sky.

Honored guests came to our kindergarten to share the joy of Victory. Dear guests! We are glad to see you in this room today. With all our hearts, we congratulate you on the 69th anniversary of the great Victory and wish you health, happiness and peaceful skies! Our concert today is for you! And now children's holiday poems will be read.

Children:

1.Today is a holiday - Victory Day!
Happy holiday - spring day,
All the streets are dressed in flowers,
And sonorous songs are heard.
2. I know from my dad, I know from my grandfather:
On the ninth of May Victory came to us!
All the people expected a victorious day,
That day became the most joyful holiday!

Children:
3. The people defended the Fatherland,
He walked bravely into a formidable battle,
People did not spare their lives
Dear for the Fatherland!
4. Fathers and grandfathers brought
Happiness to the people of the whole earth.
We glorify on the bright Victory Day
All those who went into great battle!

Presenter: And now, the guys will sing the song “My Grandfather is a Hero”

SONG “MY GRANDFATHER IS A HERO”

Presenter: When the Nazi invaders attacked our country in the summer of 1941, the entire people rose to defend the Motherland. Fathers and older brothers went to the front, women and children came to work in factories where their husbands had worked before the war. They made bombs and shells, planes and tanks, sewed warm clothes, knitted mittens for soldiers.

Child 1:

Looking into the blue expanse of the sky
We cannot remember without tears,
May Day '45
The one who brought victory.

Child 2:

The beauty that nature gives us,
The soldiers defended themselves in the fire.
May Day '45
Became the last point in the war.

Child 3:

Without losses there is no company, no platoon,
Well, those who survived,
May Day '45
They saved it for their grandchildren.

Presenter: Artists, painters, writers, musicians tried to raise the morale of the army in their works. And today we will try to lift the spirits of our respected veterans with our song “Heirs of Victory”

SONG “HEIRS OF VICTORY”

Host: This bloody war went on for four long years. Our troops liberated their cities and villages. And now the long-awaited Victory Day has arrived!
Victory means a peaceful sky, a peaceful life. For the fact that we are now with you, guys, rejoicing, rejoicing, laughing, dancing, we owe it to the living and dead soldiers. As a gift to all those present, the guys will perform the song “Three Tankers”
Leading:

Everything is different today

Not the same as always.

Everyone goes outside

Everyone then shouts “Hurray!”

Everywhere is noisy, interesting,

Everywhere is fun and crowded,

The drums are beating loudly,

They are dancing and singing everywhere.

DANCE "Apple"

Host: The war was very cruel, it brought a lot of grief and tears, devastation and hunger. But the people survived and won. The war ended on May 9, 1945. This day has become a Great Holiday in our country! Peace has come to earth! In our Motherland, after the war, there were many mass graves on which there were always fresh flowers. These flowers are a sign of our memory and deepest gratitude to those who defended our Motherland in battles and died for it. No one is forgotten, nothing is forgotten.

Presenter. Let's remember all the fallen heroes and bow our heads before their feat!

A minute of silence is announced. I'll ask everyone to stand up.

Minute of silence (sit down)

Host: Everyone needs peace and friendship,

Peace is more important than anything in the world,

In a land where there is no war, children sleep peacefully at night.

Where the guns don't thunder, the sun shines brightly in the sky,

We need peace for all the guys, we need peace on the entire planet.

Through the centuries, through the years, remember, never forget the terrible years of war. Happy holiday, dear veterans! Please accept these festive flowers from our children!

Music plays and a group of children presents flowers to the veterans.

Literature:
Aleshina N.V. Familiarization of preschoolers with the environment and social reality - M.: TsGL, 2004

Demonstration material: Illustrations with images of monuments to the defenders of the Motherland in the Second World War; illustrations depicting the battles of the Second World War, the Reichstag building, above which the banner flutters, the grave of the unknown soldier; photographs of WWII veterans, portrait of Zhukov; monuments of the village of Leningradskaya, Krasnodar.

http://maxiforum.ru
http://foto-history.livejournal.com
For preschoolers about the defenders of the Fatherland [text]: a methodological guide to patriotic education in preschool educational institutions/. L.A.Kondrykinskaya. – M.: TC Sfera, 2006. - 192 p.

Kazakov, A.P. Children about the Great Victory. Conversations about the Second World War/A.P., Kazakov, T.A. Shorygina. – M.: GNOM Publishing House, 2011. – 48 p. ,4

This is a touching and tragic date for every family of our great people.

The cruel and terrible events in which our grandfathers and great-grandfathers participated go deep into history.
Soldiers fighting on the battlefield. In the rear, both old and young worked hard for the Great Victory.
How many children stood up to defend their Motherland on an equal basis with adults? What feats did they perform?
Tell and read stories, short stories, books to children about the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.
Our descendants must know who protected them from fascism. Know the truth about the terrible war.
On the holiday of MAY 9, visit a monument or memorial that is located in your city and lay flowers. It will be touching if you and your child mark the event with a minute of silence.
Draw your child's attention to the awards of war veterans, which are becoming fewer and fewer every year. Congratulate the veterans with all your heart on Great Victory Day.
It is important to remember that every gray hair contains all the horror and wounds of this terrible war.

"No one is forgotten and nothing is forgotten"

Dedicated to the Great Victory!

Asecond: Ilgiz Garayev

I was born and raised in a peaceful land. I know well how spring thunderstorms make noise, but I have never heard gunfire.

I see how new houses are being built, but I did not realize how easily houses are destroyed under a hail of bombs and shells.

I know how dreams end, but it’s hard for me to believe that ending a human life is as easy as a cheerful morning dream.

Nazi Germany, violating the non-aggression pact, invaded the territory of the Soviet Union.

And, in order not to end up in fascist slavery, for the sake of saving the Motherland, the people entered into battle, into mortal combat with an insidious, cruel and merciless enemy.

Then the Great Patriotic War for the honor and independence of our Motherland began.

Millions of people rose to defend the country.

In the war, infantrymen and artillerymen, tank crews and pilots, sailors and signalmen - warriors of many, many military specialties, entire regiments, divisions, ships, were awarded military orders and received honorary names for the heroism of their soldiers.

When the flames of war raged, together with the entire Soviet people, cities and villages, farmsteads and villages rose to defend the Motherland. Anger and hatred for the vile enemy, the indomitable desire to do everything to defeat him filled the hearts of people.

Every day of the Great Patriotic War at the front and in the rear is a feat of boundless courage and fortitude of the Soviet people, loyalty to the Motherland.

“Everything for the front, everything for Victory!”

During the harsh days of the war, children stood next to adults. Schoolchildren earned money for the defense fund, collected warm clothes for front-line soldiers, stood guard on the roofs of houses during air raids, performed concerts in front of wounded soldiers in hospitals. The fascist barbarians destroyed and burned 1,710 cities and more than 70 thousand villages, destroyed 84 thousand schools, 25 million people were made homeless.

Concentration death camps became an ominous symbol of the bestial appearance of fascism.

In Buchenwald, 56 thousand people were killed, in Dachau - 70 thousand, in Mauthausen - more than 122 thousand, in Majdanek - the number of victims was about 1 million 500 thousand people, in Auschwitz over 4 million people died.

If the memory of every person killed in the Second World War was honored with a minute of silence, it would take 38 years.

The enemy spared neither women nor children.

May day 1945. Acquaintances and strangers hugged each other, gave flowers, sang and danced right in the streets. It seemed that for the first time millions of adults and children raised their eyes to the sun, for the first time they enjoyed the colors, sounds, and smells of life!

It was a common holiday for all our people, all humanity. It was a holiday for every person. Because victory over fascism signified victory over death, reason over madness, happiness over suffering.

In almost every family, someone died, went missing, or died from wounds.

Every year the events of the Great Patriotic War recede further into the depths of history. But for those who fought, who drank the full cup of both the bitterness of retreat and the joy of our great victories, these events will never be erased from memory, they will forever remain alive and close. It seemed that it was simply impossible to survive in the midst of heavy fire and not lose your mind at the sight of the death of thousands of people and monstrous destruction.

But the power of the human spirit turned out to be stronger than metal and fire.

That is why with such deep respect and admiration we look at those who went through the hell of war and retained the best human qualities - kindness, compassion and mercy.

66 years have passed since Victory Day. But we have not forgotten about those 1418 days and nights that the Great Patriotic War lasted.

It claimed almost 26 million lives of Soviet people. During these endlessly long four years, our long-suffering land was washed with streams of blood and tears. And if we were to collect together the bitter maternal tears shed for our lost sons, a Sea of ​​Sorrow would form, and rivers of Suffering would flow from it to all corners of the planet.

The future of the planet is dear to us, the modern generation. Our task is to protect the world, to fight so that people are not killed, shots are not fired, human blood is not shed.

The sky should be blue, the sun should be bright, warm, kind and affectionate, people's lives should be safe and happy.

Weekend dress

This happened even before the start of the war with the Nazis.

Katya Izvekova's parents gave her a new dress. The dress is elegant, silk, weekend.

Katya didn’t have time to renew the gift. War broke out. The dress was left hanging in the closet. Katya thought: the war will end, so she will put on her evening dress.

Fascist planes continuously bombed Sevastopol from the air.

Sevastopol went underground, into the rocks.

Military warehouses, headquarters, schools, kindergartens, hospitals, repair shops, even a cinema, even hairdressers - all of this crashed into stones, into mountains.

Sevastopol residents also organized two military factories underground.

Katya Izvekova began working on one of them. The plant produced mortars, mines, and grenades. Then he began to master the production of aerial bombs for Sevastopol pilots.

Everything was found in Sevastopol for such production: explosives, metal for the body, even fuses were found. There is only one. The gunpowder used to detonate bombs had to be poured into bags made of natural silk.

They began to look for silk for bags. We contacted various warehouses.

For one:

No natural silk.

On the second:

No natural silk.

We went to the third, fourth, fifth.

There is no natural silk anywhere.

And suddenly... Katya appears. They ask Katya:

Well, did you find it?

“I found it,” Katya answers.

That's right, the girl has a package in her hands.

They unwrapped Katya's package. They look: there is a dress in the package. Same thing. Day off. Made from natural silk.

That's it Katya!

Thanks, Kate!

Katino's dress was cut at the factory. We sewed the bags. Gunpowder was added. They put the bags in the bombs. They sent bombs to the pilots at the airfield.

Following Katya, other workers brought their weekend dresses to the factory. There are now no interruptions in the operation of the plant. Behind the bomb is a bomb ready.

Pilots take to the skies. The bombs hit the target exactly.

Bul-bull

The fighting in Stalingrad continues unabated. The Nazis are rushing to the Volga.

Some fascist made Sergeant Noskov angry. Our trenches and those of the Nazis ran side by side here. Speech can be heard from trench to trench.

The fascist sits in his hiding place and shouts:

Rus, tomorrow glug-glug!

That is, he wants to say that tomorrow the Nazis will break through to the Volga and throw the defenders of Stalingrad into the Volga.

Rus, tomorrow gurg-glug. - And he clarifies: - Bul-gur at Volga.

This “glug-glug” gets on Sergeant Noskov’s nerves.

Others are calm. Some of the soldiers even chuckle. A Noskov:

Eka, damned Fritz! Show yourself. Let me at least look at you.

The Hitlerite just leaned out. Noskov looked, and other soldiers looked. Reddish. Ospovat. Ears stick out. The cap on the crown miraculously stays on.

The fascist leaned out and again:

Glug-glug!

One of our soldiers grabbed a rifle. He raised it and took aim.

Don't touch! - Noskov said sternly.

The soldier looked at Noskov in surprise. Shrugged. He took the rifle away.

Until the evening, the long-eared German croaked: “Rus, tomorrow glug-glug. Tomorrow at Volga's."

By evening the fascist soldier fell silent.

“He fell asleep,” they understood in our trenches. Our soldiers gradually began to doze off. Suddenly they see someone starting to crawl out of the trench. They look - Sergeant Noskov. And behind him is his best friend, Private Turyanchik. The friends got out of the trench, hugged the ground, and crawled towards the German trench.

The soldiers woke up. They are perplexed. Why did Noskov and Turyanchik suddenly go to visit the Nazis? The soldiers look there, to the west, their eyes breaking in the darkness. The soldiers began to worry.

But someone said:

Brothers, they are crawling back.

The second confirmed:

That's right, they are coming back.

The soldiers looked closely - right. Friends are crawling, hugging the ground. Just not two of them. Three. The soldiers took a closer look: the third fascist soldier, the same one - “glug-glug”. He just doesn't crawl. Noskov and Turyanchik are dragging him. A soldier is gagged.

The screamer's friends dragged him into the trench. We rested and continued to headquarters.

However, they fled along the road to the Volga. They grabbed the fascist by the hands, by the neck, and dunked him into the Volga.

Glug-glug, glug-glug! - Turyanchik shouts mischievously.

Bubble-bulb, - the fascist blows bubbles. Shaking like an aspen leaf.

“Don’t be afraid, don’t be afraid,” Noskov said. - Russians don’t hit someone who is down.

The soldiers handed over the prisoner to headquarters.

Noskov waved goodbye to the fascist.

“Bul-bull,” said Turyanchik, saying goodbye.

Special task

The task was unusual. It was called special. The commander of the marine brigade, Colonel Gorpishchenko, said this:

The task is unusual. Special. - Then he asked again: - Is that clear?

“I see, Comrade Colonel,” answered the infantry sergeant-major, the senior leader over the group of reconnaissance officers.

He was summoned to the colonel alone. He returned to his comrades. He chose two to help and said:

Get ready. We had a special task.

However, what kind of special thing the foreman did not say yet.

It was New Year's Eve, 1942. It is clear to the scouts: on such and such a night, of course, the task is extremely special. The scouts follow the foreman, talking to each other:

Maybe a raid on the fascist headquarters?

Take it higher,” the foreman smiles.

Maybe we can capture the general?

Higher, higher,” the elder laughs.

The scouts crossed at night to the territory occupied by the Nazis and advanced deeper. They walk carefully, stealthily.

Scouts again:

Maybe we’ll go blow up the bridge like the partisans?

Maybe we can carry out sabotage at the fascist airfield?

They look at the elder. The elder smiles.

Night. Darkness. Dumbness. Deafness. Scouts are walking in the fascist rear. We went down the steep slope. They climbed the mountain. We entered the pine forest. Crimean pines clung to the stones. It smelled pleasantly of pine needles. The soldiers remembered their childhood.

The foreman approached one of the pine trees. He walked around, looked, and even felt the branches with his hand.

Good?

Good, say the scouts.

I saw another one nearby.

This one is better?

It seems better,” the scouts nodded.

Fluffy?

Fluffy.

Slim?

Slim!

“Well, let’s get down to business,” said the foreman. He took out an ax and cut down a pine tree. “That’s all,” said the foreman. He put the pine tree on his shoulders. - So we completed the task.

“Here they are,” the scouts burst out.

The next day, the scouts were released into the city, to visit the children in the underground preschool kindergarten for the New Year tree.

There was a pine tree. Slim. Fluffy. Balls, garlands hang on the pine tree, and multi-colored lanterns are lit.

You may ask: why pine and not Christmas tree? Christmas trees do not grow in those latitudes. And in order to get pine, it was necessary to get to the rear of the Nazis.

Not only here, but also in other places in Sevastopol, New Year trees were lit during that difficult year for children.

Apparently, not only in Colonel Gorpishchenko’s marine brigade, but also in other units, the task for the scouts on that New Year’s Eve was special.

Gardeners

This happened shortly before the Battle of Kursk. Reinforcements have arrived at the rifle unit.

The foreman walked around the fighters. Walks along the line. A corporal is walking nearby. Holds a pencil and notepad in his hands.

The foreman looked at the first of the soldiers:

Do you know how to plant potatoes?

The fighter was embarrassed and shrugged.

Do you know how to plant potatoes?

I can! - the soldier said loudly.

Two steps forward.

The soldier is out of action.

Write to the gardeners,” said the foreman to the corporal.

Do you know how to plant potatoes?

I haven't tried it.

I didn't have to, but if necessary...

That’s enough,” said the foreman.

The fighters came forward. Anatoly Skurko found himself in the ranks of skilled soldiers. Soldier Skurko wonders: where are they going to go, those who know how? “It’s too late to plant potatoes. (Summer is already in full swing.) If you dig it, it’s very early in time.”

Soldier Skurko tells fortunes. And other fighters are wondering:

Plant potatoes?

Sow carrots?

Cucumbers for the headquarters canteen?

The foreman looked at the soldiers.

“Well,” said the foreman. “From now on, you will be among the miners,” and hands the mines to the soldiers.

The dashing foreman noticed that those who know how to plant potatoes lay mines faster and more reliably.

Soldier Skurko grinned. The other soldiers couldn't hold back their smiles either.

The gardeners got down to business. Of course, not immediately, not at the same moment. Laying mines is not such a simple matter. The soldiers underwent special training.

Minefields and barriers stretched for many kilometers to the north, south, and west of Kursk. On the first day of the Battle of Kursk alone, more than a hundred fascist tanks and self-propelled guns were blown up on these fields and barriers.

The miners are coming.

How are you, gardeners?

Everything is in perfect order.

Evil surname

The soldier was embarrassed by his last name. He was unlucky at birth. Trusov is his last name.

It's war time. The surname is catchy.

Already at the military registration and enlistment office, when a soldier was drafted into the army, the first question was:

Surname?

Trusov.

How how?

Trusov.

Y-yes... - the military registration and enlistment office workers drawled.

A soldier got into the company.

What's the last name?

Private Trusov.

How how?

Private Trusov.

Y-yes... - the commander drawled.

The soldier suffered a lot of troubles from his last name. There are jokes and jokes all around:

Apparently, your ancestor was not a hero.

In a convoy with such a surname!

Field mail will be delivered. The soldiers will gather in a circle. Incoming letters are being distributed. Names given:

Kozlov! Sizov! Smirnov!

Everything is fine. The soldiers come up and take their letters.

Shout out:

Cowards!

The soldiers are laughing all around.

Somehow the surname does not fit with wartime. Woe to the soldier with this surname.

As part of his 149th separate rifle brigade, Private Trusov arrived at Stalingrad. They transported the soldiers across the Volga to the right bank. The brigade entered the battle.

Well, Trusov, let’s see what kind of soldier you are,” said the squad leader.

Trusov doesn’t want to disgrace himself. Trying. The soldiers are going on the attack. Suddenly an enemy machine gun started firing from the left. Trusov turned around. He fired a burst from the machine gun. The enemy machine gun fell silent.

Well done! - the squad leader praised the soldier.

The soldiers ran a few more steps. The machine gun hits again.

Now it's on the right. Trusov turned around. I got close to the machine gunner. Threw a grenade. And this fascist calmed down.

Hero! - said the squad leader.

The soldiers lay down. They are skirmishing with the Nazis. The battle is over. The soldiers counted the killed enemies. Twenty people turned out to be at the place from which Private Trusov was firing.

Ooh! - the squad commander burst out. - Well, brother, your last name is evil. Evil!

Trusov smiled.

For courage and determination in battle, Private Trusov was awarded a medal.

The medal “For Courage” hangs on the hero’s chest. Whoever meets you will squint at the reward.

The first question for the soldier now is:

What was he awarded for, hero?

No one will ask for your last name now. No one will giggle now. He won’t drop a word with malice.

From now on it is clear to the soldier: the honor of a soldier is not in the surname - a person’s deeds paint.

Unusual operation

Mokapka Zyablov was amazed. Something incomprehensible was happening at their station. A boy lived with his grandfather and grandmother near the town of Sudzhi in a small working-class village at the Lokinskaya station. He was the son of a hereditary railway worker.

Mokapka loved to hang around the station for hours. Especially these days. One by one the echelons come here. They are bringing in military equipment. Mokapka knows that our troops defeated the Nazis near Kursk. They are driving the enemies to the west. Although small, but smart, Mokapka sees that the echelons are coming here. He understands: this means that here, in these places, a further offensive is planned.

The trains are coming, the locomotives are chugging. Soldiers unload military cargo.

Mokapka was spinning around somewhere near the tracks. He sees: a new train has arrived. Tanks stand on platforms. A lot of. The boy began to count the tanks. I looked closer and they were wooden. How can we fight against them?!

The boy rushed to his grandmother.

Wooden,” he whispers, “tanks.”

Really? - the grandmother clasped her hands. He rushed to his grandfather:

Wooden, grandfather, tanks. The old man raised his eyes to his grandson. The boy rushed to the station. He looks: the train is coming again. The train stopped. Mokapka looked - the guns were on platforms. A lot of. No less than there were tanks.

Mokapka took a closer look - after all, the guns were also wooden! Instead of trunks there are round timbers sticking out.

The boy rushed to his grandmother.

Wooden, he whispers, guns.

Really?.. - the grandmother clasped her hands. He rushed to his grandfather:

Wooden, grandfather, guns.

“Something new,” said the grandfather.

A lot of strange things were going on at the station back then. Somehow boxes with shells arrived. Mountains grew of these boxes. Happy Mockup:

Our fascists will have a blast!

And suddenly he finds out: there are empty boxes at the station. “Why are there whole mountains of such and such?!” - the boy wonders.

But here’s something completely incomprehensible. The troops are coming here. A lot of. The column hurries after the column. They go openly, they arrive before dark.

The boy has an easy character. I immediately met the soldiers. Until dark, he kept spinning around. In the morning he runs to the soldiers again. And then he finds out: the soldiers left these places at night.

Mokapka stands there, wondering again.

Mokapka did not know that our people used military stratagem near Sudzha.

The Nazis are conducting reconnaissance of Soviet troops from airplanes. They see: trains arrive at the station, bring tanks, bring guns.

The Nazis also notice mountains of boxes with shells. They notice that troops are moving here. A lot of. Behind the column comes a column. The fascists see the troops approaching, but the enemies do not know that they are leaving unnoticed from here at night.

It is clear to the fascists: this is where a new Russian offensive is being prepared! Here, near the city of Sudzha. They gathered troops near Sudzha, but weakened their forces in other areas. They just pulled it off - and then there was a blow! However, not under Sudzha. Ours struck in another place. They defeated the Nazis again. And soon they were completely defeated in the Battle of Kursk.

Vyazma

The fields near Vyazma are free. The hills run towards the sky.

You can’t erase the words from were. Near the city of Vyazma, a large group of Soviet troops was surrounded by the enemy. The fascists are happy.

Hitler himself, the leader of the Nazis, calls to the front:

Surrounded?

“That’s right, our Fuhrer,” the fascist generals report.

Have you laid down your weapons?

The generals are silent.

Have you laid down your weapons?

Here is a brave one found.

No. I dare to report, my Fuhrer... - The General wanted to say something.

However, Hitler was distracted by something. The speech was interrupted mid-sentence.

For several days now, being surrounded, Soviet soldiers have been fighting stubbornly. They shackled the fascists. The fascist offensive breaks down. Enemies are stuck near Vyazma.

Again Hitler calls from Berlin:

Surrounded?

“That’s right, our Fuhrer,” the fascist generals report.

Have you laid down your weapons?

The generals are silent.

Have you laid down your weapons?

A terrible curse came from the tube.

“I dare to report, my Fuhrer,” the brave one is trying to say something. - Our Frederick the Great also said...

Days pass again. The fighting near Vyazma continues unabated. The enemies were stuck near Vyazma.

Vyazma knits them, knits them. She grabbed me by the throat!

The great Fuhrer is angry. Another call from Berlin.

Have you laid down your weapons?

The generals are silent.

Have you laid down your weapons?!

No, the brave man is responsible for everyone.

A stream of bad words poured out again. The membrane in the tube began to dance.

The general fell silent. I waited it out. I caught the moment:

I dare to report that my Fuhrer, our great, our wise King Frederick also said...

Hitler listens:

Well, well, what did our Friedrich say?

Frederick the Great said, the general repeated, the Russians must be shot twice. And then push, my Fuhrer, so that they fall.

The Fuhrer muttered something incomprehensible into the phone. The Berlin wire has become disconnected.

For a whole week the fighting did not subside near Vyazma. The week was invaluable for Moscow. During these days, the defenders of Moscow managed to gather their strength and prepared convenient lines for defense.

The fields near Vyazma are free. The hills run towards the sky. Here in the fields, on the hills near Vyazma, hundreds of heroes lie. Here, defending Moscow, the Soviet people performed a great military feat.

Remember!

Keep the bright memory of them!

General Zhukov

Army General Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov was appointed commander of the Western Front - the front that included most of the troops defending Moscow.

Zhukov arrived on the Western Front. Staff officers report to him the combat situation.

Fighting is taking place near the city of Yukhnov, near Medyn, near Kaluga.

Officers find Yukhnov on the map.

Here, they report, near Yukhnov, to the west of the city... - and they report where and how the fascist troops are located near the city of Yukhnov.

No, no, they are not here, but here,” Zhukov corrects the officers and himself points out the places where the Nazis are at this time.

The officers looked at each other. They look at Zhukov in surprise.

Here, here, in this exact place. Don’t doubt it, says Zhukov.

Officers continue to report the situation.

Here, - they find the city of Medyn on the map, - to the north-west of the city, the enemy has concentrated large forces - and they list what forces: tanks, artillery, mechanized divisions ...

Yes, yes, right,” says Zhukov. “Only the forces are not here, but here,” Zhukov clarifies from the map.

Again the officers look at Zhukov in surprise. They forgot about the further report, about the map.

The staff officers bent over the map again. They report to Zhukov what the combat situation is near the city of Kaluga.

Here, the officers say, south of Kaluga, the enemy pulled up motorized mechanized units. This is where they are standing at this moment.

No, Zhukov objects. - They are not in this place now. This is where the parts have been moved, and shows the new location on the map.

The staff officers were dumbfounded. They look at the new commander with undisguised surprise. Zhukov sensed distrust in the eyes of the officers. He grinned.

Do not doubt. That's exactly how it is. “You guys are great - you know the situation,” Zhukov praised the staff officers. - But mine is more precise.

It turns out that General Zhukov had already visited Yukhnov, Medyn, and Kaluga. Before going to headquarters, I went straight to the battlefield. This is where the accurate information comes from.

General and then Marshal of the Soviet Union Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov, an outstanding Soviet commander, hero of the Great Patriotic War, took part in many battles. It was under his leadership and under the leadership of other Soviet generals that Soviet troops defended Moscow from its enemies. And then, in stubborn battles, they defeated the Nazis in the Great Moscow Battle.

Moscow sky

This happened even before the start of the Moscow Battle.

Hitler was daydreaming in Berlin. Wondering: what to do with Moscow? He suffers to make something so unusual and original. I thought and thought...

Hitler came up with this. I decided to flood Moscow with water. Build huge dams around Moscow. Fill the city and all living things with water.

Everything will perish immediately: people, houses and the Moscow Kremlin!

He closed his eyes. He sees: in place of Moscow, a bottomless sea splashes!

Descendants will remember me!

Then I thought: “Uh, until the water comes in...”

Wait?!

No, he doesn’t agree to wait long.

Destroy now! This very minute!

Hitler thought, and here is the order:

Bomb Moscow! Destroy! With shells! Bombs! Send squadrons! Send armadas! Leave no stone unturned! Raze it to the ground!

He threw his hand forward like a sword:

Destroy! Raze it to the ground!

That’s right, raze it to the ground,” the fascist generals froze in readiness.

On July 22, 1941, exactly a month after the start of the war, the Nazis carried out their first air raid on Moscow.

The Nazis immediately sent 200 planes on this raid. The engines hum impudently.

The pilots lounged in their seats. Moscow is getting closer, getting closer. The fascist pilots reached for the bomb levers.

But what is it?! Powerful searchlights crossed sword-knives in the sky. Red-star Soviet fighters rose to meet the air robbers.

The Nazis did not expect such a meeting. The enemy formation has become disordered. Only a few planes broke through to Moscow then. And they were in a hurry. They threw bombs wherever they had to, they would quickly drop them and run away from here.

The Moscow sky is harsh. The uninvited guest is severely punished. 22 planes were shot down.

Well... - the fascist generals drawled.

We thought about it. We now decided to send planes not all at once, not in a mass, but in small groups.

The Bolsheviks will be punished!

The next day, again 200 planes fly to Moscow. They fly in small groups - three or four cars in each.

And again they were met by Soviet anti-aircraft gunners, again they were driven away by red star fighters.

For the third time, the Nazis are sending planes to Moscow. Hitler's generals were intelligent and inventive. The generals came up with a new plan. They decided to send the planes in three tiers. Let one group of planes fly low from the ground. The second one is a little higher. And the third - both at a high altitude and a little late. The first two groups will distract the attention of the defenders of the Moscow sky, the generals reason, and at this time, at a high altitude, the third group will quietly approach the city, and the pilots will drop bombs exactly on the target.

And now there are fascist planes in the sky again. The pilots lounged in their seats. The engines are humming. The bombs froze in the hatches.

There's a group coming. The second one is behind her. And a little behind, at a high altitude, the third. The very last one to fly was a special plane, with cameras. He will take photographs of how fascist planes destroy Moscow and bring them for display to the generals...

The generals are waiting for news. The first plane is returning. The engines stalled. The screws stopped. The pilots came out. Pale, pale. They can barely stand on their feet.

The Nazis lost fifty aircraft that day. The photographer did not return either. They shot him down on the way.

The Moscow sky is inaccessible. It strictly punishes enemies. The insidious calculation of the fascists collapsed.

The fascists and their possessed Fuhrer dreamed of destroying Moscow to its foundations, to the stone. What happened?

Red Square

The enemy is nearby. Soviet troops abandoned Volokolamsk and Mozhaisk. In some sections of the front, the Nazis came even closer to Moscow. Fighting is taking place near Naro-Fominsk, Serpukhov and Tarusa.

But as always, on this day dear to all citizens of the Soviet Union, a military parade took place in Moscow, on Red Square, in honor of the great holiday.

When soldier Mitrokhin was told that the unit in which he serves would take part in the parade on Red Square, the soldier did not believe it at first. I decided that I had made a mistake, that I had misheard, that I had misunderstood something.

Parade! - the commander explains to him. - Solemn, on Red Square.

That’s right, a parade,” Mitrokhin answers. However, there is disbelief in the eyes.

And then Mitrokhin froze in the ranks. It stands on Red Square. And to his left are troops. And there are troops on the right. Party leaders and government members at the Lenin Mausoleum. Everything is exactly like in the old peacetime.

It’s just a rarity for this day - it’s white all around from the snow. The frost hit early today. Snow fell all night until morning. He whitewashed the Mausoleum, laid it on the walls of the Kremlin, on the square.

8 am. The clock hands on the Kremlin tower converged.

The chimes struck the time.

Minute. Everything was quiet. The parade commander gave the traditional report. The host parade congratulates the troops on the anniversary of the Great October Revolution. Everything was quiet again. One more minute. And so, at first, quietly, and then louder and louder, the words of the Chairman of the State Defense Committee, Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the USSR, Comrade Stalin, sound.

Stalin says that this is not the first time that our enemies have attacked us. That there were more difficult times in the history of the young Soviet Republic. That we celebrated the first anniversary of the Great October Revolution surrounded on all sides by invaders. That 14 capitalist states fought against us then and we lost three-quarters of our territory. But the Soviet people believed in victory. And they won. They will win now.

“The whole world is looking at you,” the words reach Mitrokhin, “as a force capable of destroying the predatory hordes of German invaders.”

The soldiers stood frozen in line.

A great liberation mission has fallen to your lot,” the words fly through the frost. - Be worthy of this mission!

Mitrokhin pulled himself up. His face became stern, more serious, stricter.

The war you are waging is a war of liberation, a just war. - And after this, Stalin said: - Let the courageous image of our great ancestors - Alexander Nevsky, Dmitry Donskoy, Kuzma Minin, Dmitry Pozharsky, Alexander Suvorov, Mikhail Kutuzov - inspire you in this war! Let the victorious banner of the great Lenin overshadow you!

The bits are fascists. Moscow stands and blooms as before. Getting better from year to year.

Incident at the crossing

There was one soldier in our company. Before the war, he studied at a music institute and played the button accordion so wonderfully that one of the fighters once said:

Brothers, this is an incomprehensible deception! There must be some kind of cunning mechanism hidden in this box! I'd like to see...

Please,” the accordion player answered. “It’s just time for me to glue the bellows.”

And in front of everyone, he dismantled the instrument.

"Oh, no," the soldier said disappointedly. "It's empty, like a spent cartridge case..."

Inside the button accordion, between two wooden boxes connected by a leather accordion bellows, it was indeed empty. Only on the side plates, where the buttons are located on the outside, were there wide metal plates with holes of different sizes. Hidden behind each hole is a narrow copper petal strip. When the fur is stretched, air passes through the holes and causes the copper petals to vibrate. And they sound. Thin - high. Thicker - lower, and the thick petals seem to sing in a bass voice. If a musician stretches the bellows too much, the records sound loud. If the air is pumped weakly, the records vibrate a little, and the music turns out to be quiet and quiet. That's all miracles!

And the real miracle were the fingers of our accordion player. Amazingly played, to say the least!

And this amazing skill more than once helped us in difficult life at the front.

Our accordion player will lift your mood in time, and warm you up in the cold - makes you dance, and instills cheerfulness in the depressed, and will make you remember your happy pre-war youth: your native land, mothers and loved ones. And one day...

One evening, by order of the command, we changed combat positions. We were ordered not to engage in battle with the Germans under any circumstances. On our way there flowed a not very wide, but deep river with a single ford, which we took advantage of. The commander and radio operator remained on the other side; they were finishing the communication session. They were cut off by the suddenly arriving fascist machine gunners. And although the Germans did not know that ours were on their bank, the crossing was kept under fire, and there was no way to cross the ford. And when night fell, the Germans began to illuminate the ford with rockets. Needless to say, the situation seemed hopeless.

Suddenly our accordion player, without saying a word, takes out his button accordion and begins to play “Katyusha”.

The Germans were at first taken aback. Then they came to their senses and brought down heavy fire on our shore. And the accordion player suddenly broke off the chord and fell silent. The Germans stopped shooting. One of them shouted joyfully: “Rus, Rus, kaput, boyan!”

But nothing happened to the accordion player. Luring the Germans, he crawled along the shore away from the crossing and again began playing the perky “Katyusha”.

The Germans accepted this challenge. They began to pursue the musician, and therefore left the ford for several minutes without flares.

The commander and radio operator immediately realized why our accordion player started a “musical” game with the Germans, and, without hesitation, they forded to the other bank.

These are the kinds of incidents that happened to our soldier accordion player and his friend accordion, by the way, named after the ancient Russian singer Boyan.

22 JUNE 1941 YEAR - THE BEGINNING OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

On June 22, 1941, at 4 a.m., without declaring war, Nazi Germany and its allies attacked the Soviet Union. The beginning of the Great Patriotic War did not just happen on a Sunday. It was the church holiday of All Saints who shone in the Russian land.

Units of the Red Army were attacked by German troops along the entire border. Riga, Vindava, Libau, Siauliai, Kaunas, Vilnius, Grodno, Lida, Volkovysk, Brest, Kobrin, Slonim, Baranovichi, Bobruisk, Zhitomir, Kiev, Sevastopol and many other cities, railway junctions, airfields, naval bases of the USSR were bombed , artillery shelling was carried out on border fortifications and areas of deployment of Soviet troops near the border from the Baltic Sea to the Carpathians. The Great Patriotic War began.

At that time, no one knew that it would go down in human history as the bloodiest. No one guessed that the Soviet people would have to go through inhuman tests, pass and win. To rid the world of fascism, showing everyone that the spirit of a Red Army soldier cannot be broken by the invaders. No one could have imagined that the names of the hero cities would become known to the whole world, that Stalingrad would become a symbol of the fortitude of our people, Leningrad - a symbol of courage, Brest - a symbol of courage. That, along with male warriors, old men, women and children will heroically defend the earth from the fascist plague.

1418 days and nights of war.

Over 26 million human lives...

These photographs have one thing in common: they were taken in the first hours and days of the beginning of the Great Patriotic War.

On the eve of the war

Soviet border guards on patrol. The photograph is interesting because it was taken for a newspaper at one of the outposts on the western border of the USSR on June 20, 1941, that is, two days before the war.

German air raid

The first to bear the blow were the border guards and the soldiers of the covering units. They not only defended themselves, but also launched counterattacks. For a whole month, the garrison of the Brest Fortress fought in the German rear. Even after the enemy managed to capture the fortress, some of its defenders continued to resist. The last of them was captured by the Germans in the summer of 1942.

The photo was taken on June 24, 1941.

During the first 8 hours of the war, Soviet aviation lost 1,200 aircraft, of which about 900 were lost on the ground (66 airfields were bombed). The Western Special Military District suffered the greatest losses - 738 aircraft (528 on the ground). Having learned about such losses, the head of the district air force, Major General Kopets I.I. shot himself.

On the morning of June 22, Moscow radio broadcast the usual Sunday programs and peaceful music. Soviet citizens learned about the start of the war only at noon, when Vyacheslav Molotov spoke on the radio. He reported: “Today, at 4 o’clock in the morning, without presenting any claims to the Soviet Union, without declaring war, German troops attacked our country.”

Poster from 1941

On the same day, a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was published on the mobilization of those liable for military service born in 1905-1918 in the territory of all military districts. Hundreds of thousands of men and women received summonses, appeared at military registration and enlistment offices, and then were sent in trains to the front.

The mobilization capabilities of the Soviet system, multiplied during the Great Patriotic War by the patriotism and sacrifice of the people, played an important role in organizing resistance to the enemy, especially at the initial stage of the war. The call “Everything for the front, everything for victory!” was accepted by all the people. Hundreds of thousands of Soviet citizens voluntarily joined the active army. In just a week since the start of the war, over 5 million people were mobilized.

The line between peace and war was invisible, and people did not immediately accept the change in reality. It seemed to many that this was just some kind of masquerade, a misunderstanding and that everything would soon be resolved.

The fascist troops met stubborn resistance in battles near Minsk, Smolensk, Vladimir-Volynsky, Przemysl, Lutsk, Dubno, Rivne, Mogilev, etc.And yet, in the first three weeks of the war, the Red Army troops abandoned Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, a significant part of Ukraine and Moldova. Six days after the start of the war, Minsk fell. The German army advanced in various directions from 350 to 600 km. The Red Army lost almost 800 thousand people.

The turning point in the perception of the war by the inhabitants of the Soviet Union was, of course, August 14. It was then that the whole country suddenly learned that The Germans occupied Smolensk . It really was a bolt from the blue. While the battles were going on “somewhere there, in the west,” and the reports flashed cities, the location of which many could hardly imagine, it seemed that the war was still far away. Smolensk is not just the name of a city, this word meant a lot. Firstly, it is already more than 400 km from the border, and secondly, it is only 360 km to Moscow. And thirdly, unlike all those Vilno, Grodno and Molodechno, Smolensk is an ancient purely Russian city.

The stubborn resistance of the Red Army in the summer of 1941 thwarted Hitler's plans. The Nazis failed to quickly take either Moscow or Leningrad, and in September the long defense of Leningrad began. In the Arctic, Soviet troops, in cooperation with the Northern Fleet, defended Murmansk and the main fleet base - Polyarny. Although in Ukraine in October - November the enemy captured the Donbass, captured Rostov, and broke into the Crimea, yet here, too, his troops were fettered by the defense of Sevastopol. Formations of Army Group South were unable to reach the rear of the Soviet troops remaining in the lower reaches of the Don through the Kerch Strait.

Minsk 1941. Execution of Soviet prisoners of war

September 30th within Operation Typhoon the Germans started general attack on Moscow . Its beginning was unfavorable for the Soviet troops. Bryansk and Vyazma fell. On October 10, G.K. was appointed commander of the Western Front. Zhukov. On October 19, Moscow was declared under siege. In bloody battles, the Red Army still managed to stop the enemy. Having strengthened Army Group Center, the German command resumed its attack on Moscow in mid-November. Overcoming the resistance of the Western, Kalinin and right wing of the Southwestern fronts, enemy strike groups bypassed the city from the north and south and by the end of the month reached the Moscow-Volga canal (25-30 km from the capital) and approached Kashira. At this point the German offensive fizzled out. The bloodless Army Group Center was forced to go on the defensive, which was also facilitated by the successful offensive operations of Soviet troops near Tikhvin (November 10 - December 30) and Rostov (November 17 - December 2). On December 6, the Red Army counteroffensive began. , as a result of which the enemy was thrown back 100 - 250 km from Moscow. Kaluga, Kalinin (Tver), Maloyaroslavets and others were liberated.

On guard of the Moscow sky. Autumn 1941

The victory near Moscow had enormous strategic, moral and political significance, since it was the first since the beginning of the war. The immediate threat to Moscow was eliminated.

Although, as a result of the summer-autumn campaign, our army retreated 850 - 1200 km inland, and the most important economic regions fell into the hands of the aggressor, the “blitzkrieg” plans were still thwarted. The Nazi leadership faced the inevitable prospect of a protracted war. The victory near Moscow also changed the balance of power in the international arena. The Soviet Union began to be looked upon as the decisive factor in the Second World War. Japan was forced to refrain from attacking the USSR.

In winter, units of the Red Army carried out offensives on other fronts. However, it was not possible to consolidate the success, primarily due to the dispersal of forces and resources along a front of enormous length.

During the offensive of German troops in May 1942, the Crimean Front was defeated in 10 days on the Kerch Peninsula. On May 15 we had to leave Kerch, and July 4, 1942 after stubborn defense Sevastopol fell. The enemy completely captured Crimea. In July - August, Rostov, Stavropol and Novorossiysk were captured. Stubborn fighting took place in the central part of the Caucasus ridge.

Hundreds of thousands of our compatriots ended up in more than 14 thousand concentration camps, prisons, and ghettos scattered throughout Europe. The scale of the tragedy is evidenced by dispassionate figures: in Russia alone, the fascist occupiers shot, strangled in gas chambers, burned, and hanged 1.7 million. people (including 600 thousand children). In total, about 5 million Soviet citizens died in concentration camps.

But, despite stubborn battles, the Nazis failed to solve their main task - to break into the Transcaucasus to seize the oil reserves of Baku. At the end of September, the offensive of fascist troops in the Caucasus was stopped.

To contain the enemy onslaught in the eastern direction, the Stalingrad Front was created under the command of Marshal S.K. Tymoshenko. On July 17, 1942, the enemy under the command of General von Paulus struck a powerful blow on the Stalingrad front. In August, the Nazis broke through to the Volga in stubborn battles. From the beginning of September 1942, the heroic defense of Stalingrad began. The battles were fought literally for every inch of land, for every house. Both sides suffered colossal losses. By mid-November, the Nazis were forced to stop the offensive. The heroic resistance of the Soviet troops made it possible to create favorable conditions for their launching a counteroffensive at Stalingrad and thereby mark the beginning of a radical change in the course of the war.

By November 1942, almost 40% of the population was under German occupation. The regions captured by the Germans were subject to military and civil administration. In Germany, a special ministry for the affairs of the occupied regions was even created, headed by A. Rosenberg. Political supervision was carried out by the SS and police services. Locally, the occupiers formed the so-called self-government - city and district councils, and the positions of elders were introduced in villages. Persons dissatisfied with Soviet power were invited to cooperate. All residents of the occupied territories, regardless of age, were required to work. In addition to participating in the construction of roads and defensive structures, they were forced to clear minefields. The civilian population, mainly young people, were also sent to forced labor in Germany, where they were called “ostarbeiter” and were used as cheap labor. In total, 6 million people were kidnapped during the war. More than 6.5 million people were killed from famine and epidemics in the occupied territory; more than 11 million Soviet citizens were shot in camps and at their places of residence.

November 19, 1942 Soviet troops moved to counter-offensive at Stalingrad (Operation Uranus). The forces of the Red Army surrounded 22 divisions and 160 separate units of the Wehrmacht (about 330 thousand people). Hitler's command formed Army Group Don, consisting of 30 divisions, and tried to break through the encirclement. However, this attempt was unsuccessful. In December, our troops, having defeated this group, launched an attack on Rostov (Operation Saturn). By the beginning of February 1943, our troops eliminated a group of fascist troops that found themselves in a ring. 91 thousand people were taken prisoner, led by the commander of the 6th German Army, General Field Marshal von Paulus. Behind 6.5 months of the Battle of Stalingrad (July 17, 1942 - February 2, 1943) Germany and its allies lost up to 1.5 million people, as well as a huge amount of equipment. The military power of Nazi Germany was significantly undermined.

The defeat at Stalingrad caused a deep political crisis in Germany. It declared three days of mourning. The morale of German soldiers fell, defeatist sentiments gripped wide sections of the population, who trusted the Fuhrer less and less.

The victory of the Soviet troops at Stalingrad marked the beginning of a radical change in the course of the Second World War. The strategic initiative finally passed into the hands of the Soviet Armed Forces.

In January - February 1943, the Red Army launched an offensive on all fronts. In the Caucasian direction, Soviet troops advanced 500 - 600 km by the summer of 1943. In January 1943, the blockade of Leningrad was broken.

The Wehrmacht command planned summer 1943 conduct a major strategic offensive operation in the Kursk salient area (Operation Citadel) , defeat the Soviet troops here, and then strike in the rear of the Southwestern Front (Operation Panther) and subsequently, building on the success, again create a threat to Moscow. For this purpose, up to 50 divisions were concentrated in the Kursk Bulge area, including 19 tank and motorized divisions, and other units - a total of over 900 thousand people. This group was opposed by the troops of the Central and Voronezh fronts, which had 1.3 million people. During the Battle of Kursk, the largest tank battle of World War II took place.

On July 5, 1943, a massive offensive of Soviet troops began. Within 5 - 7 days, our troops, stubbornly defending, stopped the enemy, who had penetrated 10 - 35 km behind the front line, and launched a counter-offensive. It has begun July 12 in the Prokhorovka area , Where The largest oncoming tank battle in the history of war took place (with the participation of up to 1,200 tanks on both sides). In August 1943, our troops captured Orel and Belgorod. In honor of this victory, a salute of 12 artillery salvoes was fired for the first time in Moscow. Continuing the offensive, our troops inflicted a crushing defeat on the Nazis.

In September, Left Bank Ukraine and Donbass were liberated. On November 6, formations of the 1st Ukrainian Front entered Kyiv.

Having thrown the enemy back 200 - 300 km from Moscow, Soviet troops began to liberate Belarus. From that moment on, our command maintained the strategic initiative until the end of the war. From November 1942 to December 1943, the Soviet Army advanced westward by 500 - 1300 km, liberating about 50% of the enemy-occupied territory. 218 enemy divisions were defeated. During this period, partisan formations, in whose ranks up to 250 thousand people fought, caused great damage to the enemy.

The significant successes of the Soviet troops in 1943 intensified diplomatic and military-political cooperation between the USSR, the USA and Great Britain. On November 28 - December 1, 1943, the Tehran Conference of the “Big Three” took place with the participation of I. Stalin (USSR), W. Churchill (Great Britain) and F. Roosevelt (USA). The leaders of the leading powers of the anti-Hitler coalition determined the timing of the opening of a second front in Europe (the landing operation Overlord was scheduled for May 1944).

Tehran Conference of the “Big Three” with the participation of I. Stalin (USSR), W. Churchill (Great Britain) and F. Roosevelt (USA).

In the spring of 1944, Crimea was cleared of the enemy.

In these favorable conditions, the Western Allies, after two years of preparation, opened a second front in Europe in northern France. June 6, 1944 the combined Anglo-American forces (General D. Eisenhower), numbering over 2.8 million people, up to 11 thousand combat aircraft, over 12 thousand combat and 41 thousand transport ships, crossed the English Channel and Pas de- Calais, began the largest war in years airborne Normandy Operation (Overlord) and entered Paris in August.

Continuing to develop the strategic initiative, in the summer of 1944, Soviet troops launched a powerful offensive in Karelia (June 10 - August 9), Belarus (June 23 - August 29), Western Ukraine (July 13 - August 29) and Moldova (June 20 - 29). August).

During Belarusian operation (code name "Bagration") Army Group Center was defeated, Soviet troops liberated Belarus, Latvia, part of Lithuania, eastern Poland and reached the border with East Prussia.

The victories of Soviet troops in the southern direction in the fall of 1944 helped the Bulgarian, Hungarian, Yugoslav and Czechoslovak peoples in their liberation from fascism.

As a result of military operations in 1944, the state border of the USSR, treacherously violated by Germany in June 1941, was restored along the entire length from the Barents to the Black Sea. The Nazis were expelled from Romania, Bulgaria, and most areas of Poland and Hungary. In these countries, pro-German regimes were overthrown and patriotic forces came to power. The Soviet Army entered the territory of Czechoslovakia.

While the bloc of fascist states was falling apart, the anti-Hitler coalition was strengthening, as evidenced by the success of the Crimean (Yalta) conference of the leaders of the USSR, the United States and Great Britain (from February 4 to 11, 1945).

But still The Soviet Union played a decisive role in defeating the enemy at the final stage. Thanks to the titanic efforts of the entire people, the technical equipment and armament of the army and navy of the USSR reached its highest level by the beginning of 1945. In January - early April 1945, as a result of a powerful strategic offensive on the entire Soviet-German front with forces on ten fronts, the Soviet Army decisively defeated the main enemy forces. During the East Prussian, Vistula-Oder, West Carpathian and completion of the Budapest operations, Soviet troops created the conditions for further attacks in Pomerania and Silesia, and then for an attack on Berlin. Almost all of Poland and Czechoslovakia, as well as the entire territory of Hungary, were liberated.

The capture of the capital of the Third Reich and the final defeat of fascism was carried out during Berlin operation (April 16 - May 8, 1945).

April 30 in the bunker of the Reich Chancellery Hitler committed suicide .

On the morning of May 1, over the Reichstag by sergeants M.A. Egorov and M.V. Kantaria was hoisted the Red Banner as a symbol of the Victory of the Soviet people. On May 2, Soviet troops completely captured the city. Attempts by the new German government, which was headed by Grand Admiral K. Dönitz on May 1, 1945 after the suicide of A. Hitler, to achieve a separate peace with the USA and Great Britain failed.

May 9, 1945 at 0:43 a.m. In the Berlin suburb of Karlshorst, the Act of Unconditional Surrender of the Armed Forces of Nazi Germany was signed. On behalf of the Soviet side, this historical document was signed by the war hero, Marshal G.K. Zhukov, from Germany - Field Marshal Keitel. On the same day, the remnants of the last large enemy group on the territory of Czechoslovakia in the Prague region were defeated. City Liberation Day - May 9 became Victory Day of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War. The news of the Victory spread throughout the world with lightning speed. The Soviet people, who suffered the greatest losses, greeted it with popular rejoicing. Truly, it was a great holiday “with tears in our eyes.”

In Moscow, on Victory Day, a festive fireworks display of a thousand guns was fired.

Great Patriotic War 1941-1945

Material prepared by Sergey SHULYAK