How to connect two computers to each other. Reliable ways to connect electrical wires. Connecting wires by soldering

Requirements are requirements, and the most popular type of connection is twisting. Where quick installation is required, terminal blocks of various shapes are used. One of the types of terminal connections is spring terminals. Wago products are especially popular.

To perform a tap without breaking the line, squeezes are used, which are called nuts among electricians. It is some type of terminal connection.

Using Terminal Blocks

The terminal block consists of contacts mounted on a plate of insulating material. The contact plate has a screw on both sides with which the wire is tightened. This allows you to press a copper wire on one side of the plate, and an aluminum wire on the other side, without fear of chemical interaction between these metals.

You can connect different types of wires. On one side, a single-core wire can be attached to the plate, and on the other, a multi-core wire. Another problem that can be easily solved using a terminal block is connecting wires with different core diameters.

The terminal block can consist of one or more contact plates, which is very convenient in installation conditions. To do this, just collect the required number of plates and secure them in the right place.

Spring terminals

Terminals of this type are very similar in design to terminal blocks. The difference is that a spring-loaded plate is used as a clamp. Using spring terminals is very simple - you just need to strip the wire to the depth of the terminal.

The pressure plate is removed and the stripped wire is inserted into the terminal. The wire is inserted so that there are no exposed sections of the wire. Then the pressure plate snaps into place and the process is complete.

Spring terminals can be used to mount single-core, stranded wires and wires of different diameters. Installation of wires from different metals is allowed. The most widely used contacts are Wago contacts, which contain bimetal plates with a special contact paste against metal oxidation.

Installation of PPE caps

PPE caps are often used when installing wiring. In appearance, they are very similar to the back plastic cap of a ballpoint pen. A cone-shaped spring is placed inside it. The spring is coated with oxidation-resistant metal by anodizing.

To connect wires need to be stripped to a length of 10 - 15 mm and fold the stripped areas into one bundle. The ends of the bundle are inserted into the cap, which is then screwed onto them until it stops. The PPE cap can connect several wires, the total cross-section of which will not exceed 20 mm².

They are produced in different sizes, so choosing the ones you need is easy. The caps are color-coded, which is convenient for identifying phase or neutral wires.

PPE caps can significantly increase installation time because this connection does not require additional insulation. The cap material is made of non-flammable material and will not cause spontaneous combustion if overheated at the junction.

The quality of connection of PPE with caps is worse than with terminals and does not allow connecting wires of different metals.

Crimping with special sleeves

Where it is necessary to create a high-quality and reliable connection, special sleeves can be used. The sleeve is a piece of copper tube of the required diameter. The diameter of the sleeve is selected depending on the total diameter of the connected wires.

The stripped ends of the wires are inserted into the sleeve and clamped. Then a heat-shrinkable tube is put on the sleeve, which insulates this sleeve. If there is no heat shrink tube, you can use cambric or electrical tape. Wires can be inserted into the sleeve from one or both sides. For crimping, they try to use special hand press pliers.

With this connection, the sleeve cannot be used twice. During repairs, it is simply thrown away. If you use hand strippers and press pliers, you can perform installation with good productivity.

Soldering or welding

Installation using soldering is not used very often. Soldering always guarantees a reliable connection. The contact has low resistance and good mechanical strength. Soldered wires are less susceptible to damage due to ingress of moisture.

To connect by soldering, it is necessary to strip the wires by 40 - 50 mm, tin with rosin and twist. Then solder is applied to the twisted ends and heated until it spreads evenly over the entire twist and flows inside. The appearance of the soldered wires should be shiny.

After soldering, the sharp ends are treated to prevent damage to the insulating material. Any available type can be used as insulation.

This connection can be considered the most labor-intensive. The soldering process requires certain skills. Installation in this way at a height using improvised means is not very convenient. When connecting by soldering, it is necessary to leave some reserve in case of repair.

In some cases, a connection using the contact welding method is used. The process itself is similar to the soldering method, but the stripped twisted wires are not coated with solder. A welding transformer is used for connection. The ends of the wires are heated until they fuse into one metal ball.

For insulation, put a heat-shrinkable tube or wrap it with electrical tape on the welded ends.

Stranding and insulation

The rules of the PUE completely reject twisting, but in practice, connecting wires by twisting is used almost everywhere. But you need to know how to twist, and then it will last for decades. To do this, strip the wires according to this calculation. That the twist should be at least 4 - 5 cm long.

The cleaned areas are cleaned of the oxide film with a knife blade or fine sandpaper. The ends of the wires are crossed at a certain angle at the end of the insulation and twisted tightly with pliers. The twist should be even and tight. From above it is insulated with existing insulation.

Twisted connections cannot be made for wires of different sections. Do not twist wires made of different metals. Twisting a single-core wire with a stranded wire is not allowed. This connection is used only where there is no fire-technical acceptance of repairs.

Walnut clamp

The nut-type branch clamp is designed for making branches from main wires without breaking. At the point where the outlet is connected, a section of insulation is removed and a “nut” is attached to this place. The clamp consists of a carbolite body and a steel clamp. The clamp consists of two plates and screws. Each plate has a recess for a certain cross-section of wire.

One plate is placed under the wire and covered with another plate on top. Both plates are clamped with screws, and between them there is a wire and a tap. To choose the right “nut” depending on the diameter of the wire, you need to use the table.

To make the connection, you need to disassemble the carbolite body. It consists of two halves compressed by two retaining rings. If the rings are pryed and removed, the body will fall apart. If the wires are made of different metals, then it is necessary to use an additional plate. It will prevent contact of different metals and further oxidation process, which will worsen the contact. The screws are tightened with reasonable torque and inserted into the housing.

Using a bolt

The bolt connection is most often used when it is necessary to connect copper and aluminum wires. Stripped wires are put on a regular steel bolt, and steel washers and a Grover washer are put between them. The entire “sandwich” is pulled together and wrapped with insulating tape.

What to do if there are several wires?

To connect multiple wires, you can use a terminal block. To do this, you need to connect one half of the contact plates with one wire. The number of such plates must be equal to the number of wires. The remaining wires are attached to the opposite contacts of the plates.

You can take a terminal block with a number of plates equal to the number of wires divided in half. Then one half of the wires is clamped onto one half, and the other half onto the other half of the contacts.

Multiple wires can be connected using a bolt. Place a steel washer between the wires, and put a Grover washer under the nut.

Identical wires can be connected using a PPE cap using known technology or by welding.

What to do if the wires are of different sections?

If you need to connect wires with cores of different sections, you can use:

• Soldering or welding;
• Bolted connection;
• Connection with self-clamping terminals;
• Screw terminals;
• Branch clamp;
• Copper lugs and bolted connection.

Combining stranded and single-core products

The connection of stranded and single-core wires can be made using:

• Solder connection;
• Connection with special sleeves;
• Terminal connections;
• Connection with lugs.

How to carry out work in water and on land?

All outdoor electrical wiring must be carefully protected from moisture. For installation, it is necessary to choose cable products that are designed for such work. The cable must have at least two insulating layers. In addition to the existing insulation, the wire must be placed in a corrugation. For installation in the ground - in a pipe with sealed couplings.

All sockets, switches, lamps and other elements must be manufactured in the appropriate design. On water, only low voltage is used for power supply. All connecting elements are placed above the water level.

Electricity is an area where everything needs to be done correctly and thoroughly. In this regard, many people prefer to figure things out on their own rather than trust strangers. One of the key points is connecting the wires in the junction box. Firstly, the correct operation of the system, and secondly, safety - electrical and fire safety - depends on the quality of work.

What is a junction box

From the electrical panel, the wires disperse throughout the rooms in the house or apartment. Each room, as a rule, has more than one connection point: there are several sockets and a switch. To standardize the methods of connecting wires and collect them in one place, distribution boxes are used (they are also sometimes called junction boxes or junction boxes). They contain cables from all connected devices, the connection of which occurs inside the hollow housing.

In order not to look for wiring during the next repair, it is laid according to certain rules that are prescribed in the PUE - Rules for the Construction of Electrical Installations.

One recommendation is to carry out all connections and branch wires in the junction box. Therefore, the wires are run along the top of the wall, at a distance of 15 cm from the ceiling level. Having reached the branch point, the cable is lowered vertically down. A distribution box is installed at the branch point. It is where all the wires are connected according to the required circuit.

According to the type of installation, junction boxes are either internal (for hidden installation) or external. Under the internal ones, a hole is made in the wall into which the box is built. With this installation, the cover is flush with the finishing material. Sometimes during the renovation process it is covered with finishing materials. However, such installation is not always possible: the thickness of the walls or finishing does not allow it. Then a box for external mounting is used, which is attached directly to the wall surface.

The shape of the junction box can be round or rectangular. There are usually four conclusions, but there may be more. The terminals have threads or fittings to which it is convenient to attach a corrugated hose. After all, it is more convenient to lay wires in a corrugated hose or plastic pipe. In this case, replacing the damaged cable will be very simple. First, disconnect it in the distribution box, then from the consumer (socket or switch), pull it and pull it out. Tighten a new one in its place. If you lay it the old fashioned way - in a groove, which is then covered with plaster - you will have to drill into the wall to replace the cable. So this is the recommendation of the PUE, which is definitely worth listening to.

What do distribution boxes generally provide:

• Increased maintainability of the power supply system. Since all connections are accessible, it is easy to determine the area of ​​damage. If the conductors are laid in cable channels (corrugated hoses or pipes), replacing the damaged section will be easy.
• Most electrical problems arise in the connections, and with this installation option they can be inspected periodically.
• Installing distribution boxes increases the level of fire safety: all potentially dangerous places are located in certain places.
• Requires less money and labor than laying cables to each outlet.

Wire connection methods

In a box, conductors can be connected in different ways. Some of them are more difficult to implement, others are easier, but if implemented correctly, they all provide the required reliability.

Twist

The most popular method among folk craftsmen, but the most unreliable. It is not recommended by the PUE for use, as it does not provide proper contact, which can lead to overheating and a fire. This method can be used as a temporary method, for example, to check the functionality of the assembled circuit, with mandatory subsequent replacement with a more reliable one.

Even if the connection is temporary, everything must be done according to the rules. The methods for twisting stranded and single-core conductors are similar, but have some differences.

When twisting stranded wires, the procedure is as follows:

• the insulation is stripped to 4 cm;
• the conductors unwind by 2 cm (item 1 in the photo);
• connect to the junction of untwisted conductors (pos. 2);
• the veins are twisted with your fingers (position 3);
• the twist is tightened with pliers or pliers (pos. 4 in the photo);
• insulated (insulating tape or heat-shrinkable tubing placed before the connection).

Connecting wires in a distribution box with one core using twisting is easier. The conductors, stripped of insulation, are crossed and twisted with fingers along their entire length. Then take a tool (pliers and pliers, for example). In one, the conductors are clamped near the insulation, in the second, the conductors are intensively twisted, increasing the number of turns. The connection point is isolated.

Twist with pliers or pliers

Twist with mounting caps

Twisting is even easier using special caps. With their use, the connection is more reliably insulated and the contact is better. The outer part of such a cap is cast from flame retardant plastic; a metal conical part with a thread is inserted inside. This insert provides a larger contact surface, improving the electrical performance of the connection. This is a great way to connect two (or more) wires without soldering.

Twisting wires using caps is even simpler: 2 cm of insulation is removed, the wires are slightly twisted. A cap is put on them and turned with force several times until the metal is inside the cap. That's it, the connection is ready.

Caps are selected depending on the cross-section and number of conductors that need to be connected. This method is more convenient: it takes up less space than conventional twisting, and everything fits more compactly.

Soldering

If you have a soldering iron in the house and you know how to handle it at least a little, it is better to use soldering. Before twisting, the wires are tinned: a layer of rosin or soldering flux is applied. The heated soldering iron is dipped in rosin and passed several times over the part that has been stripped of insulation. A characteristic reddish coating appears on it.

After this, the wires are twisted as described above (twisting), then they take the tin on a soldering iron, heat the twist until the molten tin begins to flow between the turns, enveloping the connection and ensuring good contact.

Installers do not like this method: it takes a lot of time, but if you are connecting the wires in the junction box for yourself, spare no time and effort, but you will sleep peacefully.

Welding wires

If available, you can use a welded connection. This is done on top of the twist. Set the welding current on the machine:

• for a cross section of 1.5 mm 2 about 30 A,
• for a cross section of 2.5 mm 2 - 50 A.

The electrode used is graphite (this is for welding copper). Using grounding pliers, we carefully cling to the upper part of the twist, bring the electrode to it from below, briefly touch it, achieving ignition of the arc, and remove it. Welding occurs in a fraction of a second. After cooling, the joint is insulated. Watch the video for the process of welding wires in a junction box.

Terminal blocks

Another connection of wires in the distribution box is using terminal blocks - terminal blocks, as they are also called. There are different types of pads: with clamps and screw ones, but, in general, the principle of their design is the same. There is a copper sleeve/plate and a wire fastening system. They are designed in such a way that by inserting two/three/four conductors into the right place, you connect them securely. The installation is very simple.

Screw terminal blocks have a plastic housing in which the contact plate is fixed. They are of two types: with hidden contacts (new) and with open contacts (old style). In any of them, a conductor stripped of insulation (length up to 1 cm) is inserted into the socket and clamped with a screw and a screwdriver.

Their disadvantage is that it is not very convenient to connect a large number of wires in them. The contacts are arranged in pairs, and if you need to connect three or more wires, you have to squeeze two wires into one socket, which is difficult. But they can be used in branches with significant current consumption.

Another type of block is Vago terminal blocks. These are pads for quick installation. There are mainly two types used:

The peculiarity of these terminal blocks is that they can only be used at low currents: up to 24 A with a copper wire cross-section of 1.5 mm, and up to 32 A with a cross-section of 2.5 mm. When connecting loads with high current consumption, the wires in the junction box must be connected in a different way.

Crimping

This method is possible with special pliers and a metal sleeve. A sleeve is put on the twist, it is inserted into the pliers and clamped - crimped. This method is just suitable for lines with a large ampere load (such as welding or soldering). Watch the video for details. It even contains a model of a distribution box so it will be useful.

Basic wiring diagrams

Knowing how to connect the wires in the junction box is not everything. You need to figure out which wires to connect.

How to connect sockets

As a rule, the socket group runs on a separate line. In this case, everything is clear: you have three cables in the box, each with three (or two) conductors. The color may be the same as in the photo. In this case, usually brown is the phase wire, blue is neutral (neutral), and yellow-green is ground.

In another standard, the colors may be red, black and blue. In this case, the phase is red, blue is neutral, green is ground. In any case, the wires are collected by color: all of the same color in one group.

Then they are folded, stretched, and trimmed so that they are the same length. Do not cut short, leave a margin of at least 10 cm so that if necessary you can re-seal the connection. Then the conductors are connected using the chosen method.

If only two wires are used (in houses of old construction there is no grounding), everything is exactly the same, only there are two connections: phase and neutral. By the way, if the wires are the same color, first find the phase (with a probe or multimeter) and mark it, at least by wrapping a piece of electrical tape around the insulation.

Connecting a single-key switch

If there is a switch, the matter is more complicated. There are also three groups, but their connection is different. Eat

• input - from another junction box or from a panel;
• from the chandelier;
• from the switch.

How should the circuit work? Power - “phase” - goes to the switch key. From its output it is fed to the chandelier. In this case, the chandelier will light only when the switch contacts are closed (the “on” position). This type of connection is shown in the photo below.

If you look carefully, this is what happens: the phase with a light wire goes to the switch. It leaves from another contact, but this time blue (do not mix it up) and connects to the phase wire that goes to the chandelier. Neutral (blue) and ground (if network) are twisted directly.

Connecting a two-gang switch

Connecting wires in a junction box with a two-button switch is a little more complicated. The peculiarity of this circuit is that a three-core cable must be laid to the switch for two groups of lamps (in a circuit without grounding). One wire is connected to the common contact of the switch, the other two to the key outputs. In this case, it is necessary to remember what color the conductor is connected to the common contact.

In this case, the phase that has arrived is connected to the common contact of the switch. The blue wires (neutral) from the input and two lamps are simply twisted all three together. There are wires left - phase wires from the lamps and two wires from the switch. So we connect them in pairs: one wire from the switch to the phase of one lamp, the second output to the other lamp.

Once again about connecting wires in a junction box with a two-button switch in video format.

Connecting two computers using a cable may be needed in a variety of situations. Using a cross cable, you can make a working connection between two computers, between two laptops, or between a laptop and a computer. In particular, such a connection can be useful for those users who want to transfer large files from one machine to another (for example, a collection of films or music albums).

Using a cable is ideal if you want to connect two computers but do not have special network equipment at hand. If one of the machines has two network cards installed, then you can easily configure Internet access on this machine and on the other. If only one network card is installed on the computers, this will not work.

We will analyze in detail two connection options. In the first case, we will talk about the features of setting up a connection when only one network card is installed on each computer. In the second case, the settings will imply the presence of two network cards on one of the computers (either a regular PC with two cards or a laptop with one regular network adapter and a second wireless one will do).

What is needed to connect two computers

We do not need any special network equipment to cable connect computers. You can carry out all operations yourself using a minimal set of components.

We will need:

• Actually two computers
• Cross cable
• Perseverance and a little patience

A crossover cable can be easily purchased at any electronics store or radio market. Also, if you wish, you can prepare such a cable yourself, but this will undoubtedly be more difficult and longer. The crossover cable pinout is shown below.

The finished cable that will be used to connect computers is shown below.

This option is used most often, since few computers (especially PCs) have two network cards installed. In most cases, a home computer is equipped with one network card. With this type of connection, both machines will not have access to the Internet. The general connection diagram is shown in the photo below.

After a physical cable connection between two computers, you need to carry out simple network settings. We will analyze the entire setup process in detail so that you do not have any questions.

To get started, go to the Network and Sharing Center and click on the “Change adapter settings” link.

After that, double-click on the cable network connection.

Click on “Properties”.

We install selectors opposite the manual setting of network parameters and enter the values ​​there as in the photo below.

Click “Ok” and “Apply”. On the second computer, the sequence of actions is similar, but in the IP address field we enter the value “192.168.0.2”. After these simple settings, a working connection will be established between the two computers.

To check the functionality of the created network on a second PC, press the key combination “Win ​​+ R” and enter the command “cmd”.

In the window that appears, enter the command “ping 192.168.0.1”. In response, a message should appear indicating the successful transmission of packets.

The same can be done on the first computer, just use the command “ping 192.168.0.2”. If you are unable to ping the network, it means you did something wrong or the connection is blocked by an antivirus or firewall.

Now let’s take a closer look at the option of how to connect two computers with a cable so that each computer can access the Internet. To do this, one of the machines must have two network cards installed: one for connecting to another computer, the second for connecting the provider’s cable. The general connection diagram is shown in the photo below.

The network settings are the same as those we looked at in the first method, with the exception of one point. In addition to the IP address and mask, you will also need to set the gateway.

On a computer with two network cards, you need to configure network access to the Internet so that you can freely use the Internet on the first computer. To do this, on a computer with the address 192.168.0.1, go to the “Access” tab and check the box next to the corresponding inscription. After this, both computers will be able to access the Internet.

conclusions

We found out how you can connect two computers using a crossover cable and how to properly configure the connection for normal network operation. We really hope that this information will help you solve the problem of connecting two computers quickly and efficiently.

Greetings to all visitors.

Nowadays, many people already have several computers at home, however, not everyone has them connected to a local network... And a local network provides very interesting things: you can play online games, exchange files (or even use shared disk space), work together on documents, etc.

There are several ways to connect computers into a local network, but one of the cheapest and simplest is to use a network cable (regular twisted pair cable) to connect the network cards of the computers. Here's how this is done and we'll look at it in this article.

1) 2 computers with network cards, to which we will connect the twisted pair cable.

All modern laptops (computers), as a rule, have at least one network card in their arsenal. The easiest way to find out if you have a network card on your PC is to use some utility to view the characteristics of your PC (for information about such utilities, see this article:).

Rice. 1. AIDA: To view network devices, go to the Windows Devices/Devices tab.

By the way, you can also pay attention to all the connectors that are on the laptop (computer) case. If there is a network card, you will see a standard RJ45 connector (see Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. RJ45 (standard laptop case, side view).

2) Network cable (so-called twisted pair).

The easiest option is to simply buy such a cable. True, this option is suitable if your computers are not far from each other and you do not need to run the cable through the wall.

Rice. 3. Cable 3 m long (twisted pair).

Connecting 2 computers to a network with a cable: all steps in order

(The description will be based on the Windows 10 OS (in principle, in Windows 7, 8 the settings are identical). Some terms have been simplified or distorted in order to more easily explain specific settings)

1) Connecting computers with a network cable.

There is nothing tricky here - just connect the computers with a cable and turn them both on. Often, next to the connector, there is a green LED that will signal you that you have connected the computer to some kind of network.

Rice. 4. Connect the cable to the laptop.

2) Setting up the computer name and workgroup.

The next important nuance is that both computers (connected by cable) must have:

1. identical work groups ( in my case it is WORKGROUP, see fig. 5);
2. different computer names.

To set these settings, go to " MY COMPUTER» ( or this computer), then right-click anywhere and in the pop-up context menu, select the link “ Properties". Then you can see the name of your PC and workgroup, and also change them ( see green circle in fig. 5).

Rice. 5. Setting the computer name.

After changing the computer name and its workgroup, be sure to restart the PC.

3) Configuring the network adapter (setting IP addresses, subnet mask, DNS server)

Then you need to go to the Windows Control Panel, address: .

Actually, next you should see your network adapter; if it is connected to another PC with a cable, then there should not be any red crosses on it ( see fig. 6, most often, the name of such an Ethernet adapter). You need to right-click on it and go to its properties, then go to the protocol properties " IP version 4» ( You need to go to these settings on both PCs).

Rice. 6. Adapter properties.

Now on one computer you need to set the following data:

1. IP address: 192.168.0.1;
2. Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 (as in Fig. 7).

Rice. 7. Setting up IP on the “first” computer.

On the second computer you need to set slightly different parameters:

1. IP address: 192.168.0.2;
2. Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0;
3. Default gateway: 192.168.0.1;
4. Preferred DNS server: 192.168.0.1 (as in Figure 8).

Rice. 8. Setting up IP on the second PC.

Next, save the settings. The setup of the local connection itself is now complete. Now, if you go into Explorer and click the “Network” link (on the left), you should see the computers in your workgroup ( True, we haven’t opened access to the files yet, so that’s what we’ll do now...).

How to open access to a folder (or drive) for local network users

This is probably the most common thing that users need when joining a local network. This is done quite simply and quickly, let’s look at everything step by step...

1) Enable file and printer sharing

Go to the Windows Control Panel along the following path: Control Panel\Network and Internet\Network and Sharing Center.

Rice. 9. Network and Sharing Center.

Next you will see several profiles: guest, for all users, private (Fig. 10, 11, 12). The task is simple: enable file and printer sharing everywhere, network discovery, and remove password protection. Just set the same settings as shown in Fig. below.

Rice. 10. Private (clickable).

Rice. 11. Guestbook (clickable).

Rice. 12. All networks (clickable).

Important point. You need to make similar settings on both computers on the network!

2) Disk/folder sharing

Now just find the desired folder or drive that you want to give access to. Then go to its properties and in the “ Access" you will find the button " Advanced setup“, and press it, see fig. 13.

Rice. 13. Access to files.

In advanced settings, check the box next to “ Share a folder" and go to the tab " permissions» ( by default, read-only access will be opened, i.e. all users on the local network will only be able to view files, but not edit or delete them. In the “permissions” tab, you can give them any privileges, up to completely deleting all files...).

Rice. 14. Allow sharing of the folder.

Actually, save the settings - and your disk becomes visible to the entire local network. Now you can copy files from it (see Fig. 15).

Rice. 15. Transferring a file locally...

Internet sharing for local network

This is also a very common problem that users encounter. As a rule, one computer in the apartment is connected to the Internet, and the rest gain access from it (unless, of course, a router is installed :)).

1) First go to the tab “ network connections» ( how to open it is described in the first part of the article. You can also open it by entering the control panel, and then entering “View network connections” in the search bar.).

Rice. 16. Internet sharing.

PS

By the way, you might be interested in an article about options for connecting a PC to a local network: (the topic of this article was partially touched upon there). And I’ll call it a day. Good luck to everyone and easy setup :)