Universal drive: types, device and purpose. Description of general purpose drives

Passenger station wagons in Russia are not at a premium. Give our customers more sedans, hatches, crossovers and SUVs. But some "sheds" still have a chance to catch on in our market. This is a very narrow and not numerous segment of station wagons, so to speak, slightly off-road.

They are built, as a rule, on the basis of ordinary station wagons, but they increase their clearance by upgrading the suspension, they are screwed onto the body and bottom protective elements, they put bigger wheels and a little "toothier", they certainly equip them with all-wheel drive - and you're done. Not a crossover or an SUV, of course, but not the old passenger “puzoterka” that bows to every bump. Moreover, for some of these "sheds" the clearance turns out to be the envy of some SUVs. For example, the same new all-terrain station wagon Volvo V90 Cross Country has a bottom and the ground separated by as much as 210 mm!

But we have recently talked about the V90 Cross Country. And this time we will go through the same models of other companies.

Audi A4/A6 allroad quattro

Year of issue: from 2016/from 2014

Audi had two such "raised" station wagons at once, the youngest of them is the A4 allroad quattro (top photo). Its first generation was shown in 2009, and the current one this year. Differences from the usual A4 Avant station wagon are a protective body kit with extended wheel arches, increased ground clearance to 175 mm and, of course, branded permanent all-wheel drive with a Torsen interaxle self-block. Be generous and adaptive suspension. And a whole scattering of units: to choose from - two diesel engines with 150, 163, 190, 218 or 272 hp, a 252 hp gasoline turbo engine, a "robot" or a classic automatic ...

Both the A4 allroad quattro and the A6 allroad quattro (pictured) are sold in Russia today, but both have only petrol engines. For the first one they ask from 2,739,000, for the second - 3,795,000 rubles.

But the flagship is, of course, the A6 allroad quattro, which has been impressive since its debut in 1999. The air suspension increased the ground clearance to 208 mm, and all-wheel drive, a 250-horsepower gasoline biturbo engine, a 180-horsepower diesel engine and even a 300-hp gasoline V8. allowed to "ignite" both on the pavement and outside it. There was even a downshift in the razdatka! The current A6 allroad quattro from 2014 is more modest. There is air suspension, but the ground clearance is a maximum of 185 mm, and there are no "lowers" for a long time. But there are many engines to choose from: a 3-liter diesel engine produces 190, 218, 272 or 320 hp, and a 3-liter gasoline unit develops 333 hp.

Mercedes-Benz E-Class All Terrain

Year of release: since 2016

Mercedes-Benz looked at the competition for a long time before deciding to get such an uncharacteristic model for itself. And with its all-terrain "barn" the company was born only this year: the latest all-wheel drive model All-Terrain was presented at the Paris Motor Show in September. It is based on the E-Class Estate station wagon, also a new generation, and the All-Terrain version itself will become a transitional link from it to the GLE crossover. How to recognize on the street? New bumpers with overlays, a radiator grille, a massive body kit made of black plastic, original 19 or 20 inch wheels - all this gives the car a head start.

Mercedes-Benz All-Terrain may appear in Russia in the spring. However, while there are no prices, no clear information about what will be the motors. Ordinary station wagons will be sold only with gasoline engines.

Plus increased ground clearance, of course. Compared to the regular E-Class wagon, the All-Terrain has 29mm more ground clearance (15mm from the suspension settings and another 14mm from the higher tire profile). At the same time, the basic equipment already has an Air Body Control air suspension, which can change the ground clearance from 121 mm to a maximum of 156 mm in All-Terrain off-road mode. Engines - 2-liter diesel engine with a return of 194 hp. and 400 Nm, paired with a 9-speed automatic and provides acceleration to "hundreds" in 8 seconds. Plus a 3.0-litre heavy-fuel V6 producing 258 hp. and matching with the same box. Petrol engines are also expected later.

Opel Insignia Country Tourer

Year of issue: since 2013

Introducing the Insignia Country Tourer all-terrain station wagon in 2013, Opelevites said that it would not compete with anyone, but with the Audi A6 Allroad! To get into narrow niche of such cars, the Insignias increased their ground clearance (albeit only by 20 mm - up to 175 mm), they put them in a protective plastic body kit ... But otherwise, the Country Tourer remained an ordinary Insignia with a 4x4 nameplate.

Insignia Country Tourer managed to get to Russia before the crisis, but was not sold for long and left our market along with Opel. A new generation is on the way, but we are unlikely to see it.

The engine range of the all-wheel drive version today includes a 2-liter gasoline turbo engine with 250 hp. and a 170-horsepower turbodiesel of the same volume. Moreover, it is interesting that both motors can be combined with both a 6-speed “mechanics” and an automatic one! But the swing at Audi, of course, looks too optimistic. The same A6 is noticeably larger than the Insignia (belongs to the E segment, not the D segment), is equipped with more powerful engines and costs much more (which means it is richer equipped). In reality, the Alltrack looks like the main competitor of the novelty - a version of the VW Passat station wagon similar in concept. Which we'll get to.

Skoda Octavia Scout

Year of issue: since 2014

His "high" wagon named Scout appeared at Skoda in 2006 in the second generation of the Octavia model. The ground clearance, compared to the usual mono-drive “shed”, was increased by 40 mm, the rear axle was driven by a Haldex coupling, the body was protected by plastic lining ...

Russian buyers of Skoda Octavia Scout diesels, alas, "squeezed": we sell this station wagon only with a gasoline turbo engine and costs from 1,854,000 rubles.

The company introduced the current Scout in 2014, and the approaches to its creation have not changed. Due to a different suspension, the ground clearance is increased to 171 mm, more high-profile 17-inch tires are installed, and the rear axle, when the front wheels slip, connects the same Haldex, only of the fifth generation. You can choose from a 1.8 TSI petrol turbo engine with 180 hp. paired with a 6-speed "robot", two diesel engines (1.6 l and 110 hp or 2 l and 150 hp) with manual transmission and a top-end diesel engine with 184 hp. in conjunction with the DSG box.

Year of issue: since 2015

Who in our review really "ate the dog" on all-wheel drive all-terrain station wagons is Subaru! After all, the first such "barn" appeared in the company back in 1994: the famous off-road version of the Outback was first made on the basis of the Legacy station wagon and eventually became a separate model.

Diesel Subaru Outback never made it to our market, but we sell all gasoline options. Both - with a variator and an AST all-wheel drive system with a clutch in the rear axle drive. From 2,399,000 rubles they will ask for a 2.5-liter engine, and the flagship V6 pulls as much as 3,399,900 rubles.

The current generation of Outback has been produced since 2014. And under the passenger body - a clearance of more than serious 213 mm, not shameful not only for a crossover, but even for an SUV! And, despite the considerable overhangs of the body, the Outback is very well

Industrial general drives (POP) can be both domestic and imported. By itself, a universal drive is a combination of such devices as a motor and transmission mechanism, which are enclosed in a single housing. The main purpose is to actuate a variety of interchangeable mechanisms. The change takes place in turn, and each of them performs a certain technological operation.

General description of the machine

Naturally, the greatest advantage of a universal drive is that it is able to perform a greater variety of operations than, for example, an individual drive that performs only one function. In other words, for the same money you can buy a more functional model. In addition, the cost of technological maintenance of the device is also reduced.

The place of installation of this device most often becomes the most illuminated and comfortable spot in production shop. It is important to add here that the device has several interchangeable parts, among which one can distinguish a meat grinder, a vegetable cutter, a flour sifter, a ripper. This makes it possible to use the equipment in meat shop, in vegetable, etc.

Use on vegetable facilities

In such facilities, the POP can be used, for example, as a potato peeler. This model has a working chamber, which is located in the upper part of the unit body. The body is a kind of base, which stands on supports, and vertical racks with facings are attached to it. It is worth adding here that the design of such a universal drive always provides for a bolt that is attached to one of the racks. This element is intended for earth connection. The lower part of this device consists of a directly electric motor, as well as a transmission mechanism.

Device usage

Devices for peeling potatoes in vegetable shops are installed on the foundation only in those places where there is a water supply. In addition, in the floor where the unit will be placed, it is necessary to equip the sewer path, which will be used to drain the processed liquid from the machine. Before starting this machine, check the following:

• the presence of grounding, as well as protective fences;
• tightness of the unloading tray.

You have to sort and wash the products manually. When this is done, the electric motor of the device starts, the raw material is loaded into the working chamber, and the water flow is also turned on. The cleaning time is 2 to 5 minutes. The purified product can be unloaded from the device without stopping its operation. However, you need to turn off the water supply and close the working chamber. After that, you can substitute containers to the working window of the unloading compartment and open the door. Under the action of centrifugal force, the raw material will be thrown into the container.

Disk devices

It is important to note here that it can be either a device with an IP or with a replaceable universal drive mechanism.

This model consists of a housing, an unloader, a drive, and a set of interchangeable parts. The place of installation of this unit becomes a table in the workshop. The installation itself is carried out on shock absorbers, and not on the table surface itself. The body of this device is made of aluminum and is cast, and also has a discharge channel installed at an angle. An electric motor is placed inside this element and the upper part of the body has a hole into which disc-shaped knives are installed. The use of these drives in vegetable shops is quite common.

It is also worth adding that this installation has several sets of knives. The first set includes a sickle-shaped knife, which is designed for shredding cabbage. The second is two grater disks used for gratering vegetables into strips. The last third set is a combined set of knives for cutting vegetables into cubes.

Description of general purpose drives

These devices most often have the same set of basic elements. It's always alone electric drive, as well as several interchangeable ones. Each of them is designed to perform a specific task.

UE in a meat shop or in any other enterprise are most often machines general purpose. However, there is also a specialized model of the unit. The difference between a general and a specialized drive is that the first category can be used in several workshops, and the second category is made for one specific one.

The use of a general purpose drive will help save the space required to house the device, reduce manufacturing costs compared to conventional devices, and also have an extended service life. The main general-purpose models are P-P, PU-0.6. There are also types that work on alternating current and characterized as small-sized devices.

General drive design

All models of general purpose universal drives have the following design:

• frame;
• two-stage gear type gearbox with a split crankcase;
• two-speed motor;
• Remote Control;
• set of replacement parts.

The neck of the drive has a handle with a cam, which is designed for attaching replaceable elements.

If we consider the design of a common device PU-0.6, then it includes the following elements: a gearbox and an electric motor, which are closed by a common casing. In order to connect or change interchangeable parts of this device, there is a neck in the side. The drive is started using a package switch located on the body of this device itself. The interchangeable parts of the device include the following: a meat grinder, a meat loosening mechanism, a mechanism for cutting raw and boiled vegetables, etc.

Manufacturers

The domestic manufacturer of these devices is JSC "Torgmash". This company was founded in 1951. The main attention of the company is paid to the production of units that are successfully operated in the confectionery, food industry, as well as in bakeries and catering places.

The cost of equipment is considered moderate. At the same time, the company's products can be described as reliable, economical and easy to use. rules safe operation devices are simple and straightforward.

Among foreign manufacturers, the Italian company AngeloPo can be noted. The activity of this company began in 1922. The universal drive, which is manufactured by this company, is available in three different configurations, and also has the ability to install twelve types of different nozzles.

UNIVERSAL DRIVES,

Spirals

Bimetal plate

Thermal breakers.

P/D. The main circuit contact is closed manually in the closed position, it is held by a latch. If a current exceeds the specified value from the spiral, then after some time the right end of the plate will bend upwards and lift the latch lever through the pusher. Under the action of the spring, the contact opens.

Electric drives.

Electric drive commonly called a device, ĸᴏᴛᴏᴩᴏᴇ is designed to set in motion working tools, machines and mechanisms.

working tool It is customary to call that part of the machine that directly affects the product.

Electric drives are divided according to the following principles:

1. by voltage (single-phase - 220 V, three-phase - 380 V).
2. by appointment:

Individual - sets in motion one working tool.

Universal - sets in motion various interchangeable mechanisms.

3. by the number of electric motors: -single and multi-engine.

Any electric drive consists of 3 basic units:

1. electric motor - designed to convert electrical energy into mechanical.
2. mechanical transmissions or gearboxes - are used to transfer the energy of the electric motor to the working tool, change the direction of movement and change the speed of movement.
3. control panel, on which devices are mounted manually, remote control and protection devices.

1. Universal drives for general purpose PU-0.6; P11. Purpose, device, rules of safe operation.

2. Universal drives for specialized purposes PG-0.6; PX-0.6; PM-1.1. Purpose, device, rules of safe operation.

Universal drives designed to drive interchangeable mechanisms.

Drives are:

- general destination (for enterprises without workshop division).

- specialized drives that are designed for specific workshops.

Deciphering the brands: P - drive, Y - universal, 0.6-1.1 - electric motor power in kW, G - hot shop, X - cold, M - meat;

Explanation of interchangeable mechanisms: MS - interchangeable mechanism, the first digit is the name of the interchangeable mechanism: 2 - meat grinder, 3 - juicer, 4 - beater, 5 - potato peeler, 7 - wiping ... .. up to 29. Second digit - productivity kg / hour , except for the meat loosener (pcs \ hour) and whipping mechanisms - liter).

EXAMPLE: MC2-150 replaceable mechanism, 2-meat grinder, productivity-150 kg/hour

MS4-20 interchangeable mechanism, 4-whipping, 20 liters-tank volume;

For P 11 drive: P-drive, 11-two-speed;

Interchangeable mechanisms: TIR 11-1

First letter- M - the mechanism, the second - the name of the replaceable mechanism:

M-meat grinder, P-sifter, D-crushing, O-vegetable-cutting-rubbing, V-whipping, B-for cutting meat into beef-Stroganov, R-meat loosener.

P11-1 - to the P11 drive, it works at the first speed, except for the whipping mechanism, which has two speeds.

The drive consists of:

1-case, in which an electric motor 2 is mounted, a two-stage cylindrical, gear reducer 3, the output shaft of the reducer has a shaped profile, for connection with interchangeable mechanisms that are attached to the drive neck with 4 screws, a push-button station 5 is mounted on the control panel.

Rules for the operation of universal drives:

1. before work, check the sanitary condition of the drive and the reliability of grounding.

To check grounding it is necessary to check the reliability of fastening of the grounding drive at point 1, on the equipment case and at point 2 in the grounding rod.

Only after that check the operation of the drive at idle. Fix the replaceable mechanism to the neck of the drive, install safety devices and check the operation of the interchangeable mechanism at idle.

2. Prepare products and containers for the processed product.

3. During operation, they monitor the quality of product processing and feed it into the working chamber with a pusher in accordance with the norm. The cook stands on the side of the push-button station.

Problem situations:

After work the machine is turned off, disassembled and sanitized.

table Comparative characteristics universal drives.

( do it yourself according to the textbook)

UNIVERSAL DRIVES - concept and types. Classification and features of the category "UNIVERSAL DRIVES," 2017, 2018.