Terms and conditions of storage of wheat seeds. Grain: different ways of drying - how to dry grain at home How to make a grain storage box at home

or how to store grain at home

After several years of using a home mill, the question arises, how is it more convenient to store grain? In the city, this question probably arises very soon, because there is not as much space as in a country house. And I want to store it in such a way that it is beautiful and pleasant to use - something like good dishes - it has a completely different feeling.

Rye and wheat are usually sold in bags of 40-50 kg, sometimes 25, and it is most convenient (especially if you are in Moscow and there are no problems with delivery) to buy in Diamarta 5-kg packages. The sacks are placed in the barn, only a part is brought into the house - for about a week. In general, it is not very convenient.

Recently I discovered that the problem, it turns out, has long been resolved. 🙂 And all on the same site where the windmills are sold.

How to store wheat

It is worth, however, this option is not very cheap. But - here, as always, I prefer to buy less often, but better quality - it is incomparably more pleasant to use, and such things also decorate the house.

I liked this option the most: a three-section beech shelf with glass doors, in each section - 5 kg of grain fits. On it is a stand where the mill is placed - in the photo there is just an Octagon, like mine. Also beech - ideal for a shelf.

Additionally, you can buy and hang on the wall a few special bags - not for grain, but for finished flour. Usually I always grind fresh, but sometimes it remains, and sometimes I grind in advance so that it is ready, because grinding is not always convenient (for example, if the children are sleeping, or you need to knead something urgently).

True, on the site these bags also go as bags for storing grain, not flour, but I think they are perfect for flour.

And there are bags very big- up to 25 kg, and fastening to the wall to hang them. The self-closing place for grain intake allows you to collect the required amount with one hand. While I haven’t seen them “live”, according to the description, it’s very convenient.

I take pictures from the Flour Mill, the section where they sell it is called:

baker's helpers

There are also beech wooden grain tins of various sizes - it is convenient with them if you do not bake so much.

I get the perfect option - as in the photo on the right a shelf of 15 kg - even this amount of grain is enough for us for two weeks for sure - and I bake every day, and in general bread is the main food. 🙂 The cost of such a design is: 3-chamber bunker shelf - 215 euros, plus a stand for it - another 215 euros. You can first collect this option, and then add more bags, and container banks.

Is there some more - I also liked it - containers for storing grain, as in the photo on the left, for 2 and 5 kg - with a glass insert - you can use it for dried fruits, and for nuts - you will immediately see on the shelf where everything is, you don’t even need to sign. In these, you can store herbs for tea, and sesame, and much, much more. They are also not cheap, of course - 60 and 75 euros. But you have to pay for such quality. :-)))

You don’t have to worry about delivery - even pottery arrived from there in parcels by mail, so this one - with glass inserts - will arrive. The packaging is good.

Proper grain storage

The storage process includes a set of measures that help preserve grain reserves and minimize the loss of its mass. To do this, the storage mode must be observed and the batch of grain and the storage room must be properly prepared. The safety of stocks is affected by temperature and humidity, which determine the intensity of biochemical processes and the development of microorganisms and pests in the grain mass. It is very important to keep track of these indicators. RKPO-AGRO offers high-precision equipment that will help control the temperature and humidity levels throughout the entire storage period, thereby protecting the farmer from significant losses.

When grain moisture decreases to 11-12%, almost all biochemical processes stop in it, microorganisms, mites and insects stop developing. Such grain can be stored for many years, while the weight loss will be only 0.02-0.03% per year. If you do not control the level of humidity and allow it to increase, molds and pests will appear over time, the vital processes of which will be accompanied by the release of heat. The grain will begin to self-heat, which will lead to losses in mass (4-8%) and in quality. In addition, the grain will have an unremovable musty smell, mold fungi will form toxins that are harmful to animals and humans.

How to store grain at home, without loss and loss of quality

Wet grain can also germinate, which will also lead to weight loss and degrade its quality.

Before loading the storage with grain, it is disinfected - disinfection of equipment, containers and vehicles is carried out by gas, aerosol or wet methods. Before direct loading, the grain is cleaned of lumps of earth, weed seeds and other litter, and thoroughly dried. In most cases, grain is stored in silos in bulk of different heights: buckwheat, barley, wheat, rye, oats - up to 30 m, rice, peas and millet - 15 m. Elite seeds and small seed crops are stored in containers.

On this topic, see the article in this section - Drying grain

Many people grow various crops on their plots, such as wheat, rye, barley. The resulting grains are then germinated and eaten. Of course, the volumes of the crop are far from being productive, but the products grown on their own, you also need to be able to process them correctly. In order for the grain to be stored for a long time, it must be thoroughly dried. We will talk about how to properly dry grain at home in this article.

Drying is the main technological operation that contributes to the storage of grain and seeds for a long time.

On an industrial scale, grain is dried using special grain dryers in two main ways:

• without artificial heat supply;
• with the help of additional heat sources, turning the liquid into a vapor state.

On air

Small volumes of grain harvested at home can be dried in the old fashioned way - in the air. To do this, the ears are cut at a distance of several centimeters from the ground, and they are laid in small sheaves. Under the influence of solar heat, the grains in the ears will finally ripen and dry slightly. Grain in sheaves does not fade even after rain, as this form of storage provides good air ventilation.

After a week, the grain can be knocked out of the ears and sent for final drying. The grain should be dried under a canopy, in a dry, ventilated place, scattering it in a small layer on a tarpaulin or other dense fabric.

So that the raw material does not swell, it must be mixed every day. If the volume of grain is sufficient, then a shovel can be used for this.

Near the heater

This method is suitable for harvesting seeds of late grain crops when weather conditions do not allow it to be dried outside.

Grain is poured onto grids or pallets with a layer of no more than 2 centimeters. Nets can be made independently by pulling a mosquito net over a wooden frame.

A stool is placed near a heating radiator or an electric heater, on which a container of grain is placed. For better air circulation, you can additionally use a fan.

A grain grid can also be installed above the stove. When cooking, warm air will help the moisture evaporate from the grains.

In an electric dryer

Modern dryers for vegetables and fruits can also cope with the task of drying grain. To do this, the seeds are placed in an ordinary layer on the grates, and dried until fully cooked at a temperature of 40 degrees. In order for the grain to dry evenly, the trays need to be interchanged approximately every 1.5 hours and mixed.

How to store grain

The storage place must be dry and cool. A small amount of the dried product is stored in linen bags or in glass jars with a tightly screwed lid.

Since grain is not afraid of cold weather, large volumes of it are stored in wooden boxes located in unheated rooms (for example, in closets). From above, the boxes are closed with a metal or wooden lid. This method of storage provides good air circulation and protection against rodents.

Dry grain can be germinated and then used for culinary purposes. More information on how to easily germinate wheat grains will tell the video from the Brovchenko Family channel

Recently, we have been building a granary in a very sensible economy. The owner is a man with a head, nothing is lost from him - he manages everything himself, so during the construction he gave us an American book translated with diagrams, recommendations and drawings about the construction of granaries - I quote an article from it - it can be useful to many farmers.

Purchasing prices for grain, especially high-quality grain, in our country are gradually approaching world prices. Grain, as it has already happened all over the world, is becoming our “currency of currencies”, and its production is one of the most profitable areas of activity. It is no coincidence that more and more farmers are taking up the cultivation of wheat, rye, barley, oats, expanding the area under their crops.

Last year, 2009, not such a dry year, many farmers, especially in the central and southern regions of Russia, harvested a good grain crop and far exceeded state orders for it. A significant part of the grain remained on the farms - for sale at an increased price, partial processing, barter, for livestock feed. How to save it for the coming winter?

The most common cause of grain spoilage during storage is the movement of moisture. Even when the moisture content is low and evenly distributed at the time of grain storage, changes in the temperature of the grain mass can cause convective air currents. They carry moisture from one storage location to another. So there are areas of wet grain, which begins to deteriorate.

The best way to control the movement of moisture is by the temperature of the grain. When laying in storage, it usually ranges from 10°C to 27°C. As the outside air gradually cools, the outer and upper layers of the grain also cool, and the grain in the center of the grain mass remains much warmer. The air surrounding the cool outer layers of the grain descends and reaches the warm grain in the center, then rises again.

When the warm air reaches the cool grain at the top, the moisture condenses and a crust forms on the surface. The grain in it will be wet, slippery or sticky due to the development of mold in it. Grains can stick together with each other and even freeze.

The formation of a crust indicates the appearance of mold and the danger of damage to the grain. This can happen in late autumn or early winter.

If crust formation is detected early, it may be stirred or mixed into dry batches to break the crust. Finally, you can simply delete the corrupted one. But in any case, start ventilation immediately. If you do not pay attention to the large increase in humidity, by spring there may be serious trouble.

Ventilation with ordinary unheated air allows you to change the temperature of the grain by passing it through the grain mass, as well as to dry it somewhat (depending on the fan power).

As the grain mound is ventilated, the cooling zone moves (in the spring - the warm zone). The direction of movement of this zone depends on the mode of operation of the fan. If it blows air into the storage, the cooling (heating) zone moves up. If the fan sucks air from the storage, then the zone starts at the top and moves down.

Table 1 MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE HUMIDITY OF GRAIN (SEEDS) DURING STORAGE

In cool weather, when the temperature of the grain drops below 10°C, mold development is slow, even if the humidity level exceeds 15%. Insects and microorganisms are also in an inactive state.

Ventilation is more efficient than shoveling and moving grain from bin to bin. In addition, it does not lead to additional injury to the grain, which contributes to the development of molds. When ventilating, it is necessary to correctly assess the temperature and humidity of the air outside and inside the storage. Deviation from the optimal ventilation modes can lead to the introduction of very humid air into the planted grain.

The complete passage of the cooling (heating) zone through the grain mass is called a cycle.

The fan should not be stopped until the cycle has ended. Never turn off the fan in the middle of a cycle. This is especially important when the condensation front moves through the grain just before the heating zone. If the fan is turned off before this front has completely passed through the thickness of the embankment, moisture will condense on the grain.

In order to locate the cooling (heating) zone, the temperature in the various layers of the embankment should be measured. The temperature in front of the zone will be 9-12°C different from the temperature behind the zone. When all grains are at the same temperature, the cycle is complete. It is desirable that during winter storage the temperature of the grain was about 50°C.

This usually requires three cooling cycles.

Ventilation costs are low and fully compensated by its benefits.

When to start grain ventilation?

In autumn - when the grain temperature is 6-9°C higher than the ambient air. The temperature of the grain put into storage after hot drying is usually higher than that of the outside air by at least 6°C. In this case, start ventilation immediately or after filling the hopper.

Some farmers who have low capacity fans (air flow up to 8 m3/h/t) prefer to run the fan continuously until the outside air temperature reaches 2-4°C within one to two weeks. . With this approach, labor costs are reduced, but energy costs are greater than with gradual cooling.

Others prefer to use more powerful fans (70 m/h/t and higher), in which case the cooling cycle can be completed in virtually a day. In some cases, two or three cycles are required. For example, the first cycle may begin when the grain temperature is 20°C and the outside air is 13-16°C. The second cycle can be delayed until the outside temperature is 4-7°C. After completion of the second cycle, the grain temperature will be 4-7°C. With powerful fans, you can cool grain for winter storage in 30 hours or less.

High-capacity (over 35 m/h/t) fans give the farmer more flexibility - for example, he can afford to delay ventilation by two or three days.

In spring, start ventilation when the average daily temperature of the outside air is 6-9°C higher than that of the grain. Continue heating until grain temperature reaches 15°C. Do not turn off the fan until the heating zone has completely passed through the entire mass of grain.

Checking the condition of the grain during storage

Check storage grain weekly during the critical fall and spring months when temperatures can fluctuate dramatically. In the summer, also conduct a weekly check. In winter, it is enough to check the grain twice a month.

When checking grain, measure the temperature in the center of the bin and at a depth of 0.45-0.6 m from the surface. If grain temperature rises more than 2°C in winter between two successive checks, turn on the fan immediately and cool the grain until the air temperature differs from the grain temperature by less than 5°C.

When the grain has cooled to the right temperature, turn on the fan and smell the escaping air. Try to determine if there is a smell of mold (it indicates self-heating of the grain). If you smell such a smell, do not turn off the fan until it disappears.

In extreme cases, when self-heating of the grain cannot be stopped, it may be necessary to remove the heating grain for subsequent drying, feeding to livestock or sale. Although such substandard grain will not be able to get a good price, it is still better to sell it than to allow further deterioration of the entire mass in the store.

In addition to monitoring the passage of ventilation cycles, regular temperature measurements can detect hot spots in the grain. The simplest, but quite acceptable method is to use a heat bar. It is introduced into the grain mass to the desired depth for several minutes, after which it is removed and readings are read from the thermometer.

Small particles in the embankment - injured grains and impurities - can accumulate in local zones, which often turn into self-heating centers, as air currents bypass them. Injured grains are also more prone to spoilage than whole grains.

Remove fines by cleaning before storing grain, or use a spreader to distribute fines evenly while filling storage. As soon as the last portion of grain is poured, the surface of the mound should be leveled. Grain folded in a cone is more likely to deteriorate, since it is poorly ventilated.

Storage of grain in flat storages

These principles of ventilation apply to grain storage in flat silos as well as in adapted structures such as modified machinery sheds. The figure shows typical layouts of ventilation ducts in a flat storage with different butt designs. It is necessary to correctly determine the location and size of the air ducts and the performance of the fans. A well-designed system will ensure proper air distribution and stability of the building structure. A ventilating system with air ducts gives the best results when the fan is blown. Its productivity should be chosen in such a way that the specific air supply is 9-10 m3/h/t.

When using HCV-3, HCV-5 and HCV-6 fans, adhere to the following basic rules.

• The height of the grain mass in the storage is up to 2.5 m.
• Trenches and box-shaped air ducts must have a length of 10 m to 25 m, a width of at least 100 mm, and a depth (height) of at least 350 mm.
• The total area of ​​the holes in the gratings should be 7-10% of the total area of ​​the gratings.
• The grids should be well fixed, they should be covered with burlap or other material that allows air to pass through well. With a trench length of up to 20, it is recommended to use a VPC-3 fan with a capacity of 2000 m3 / h (or similar) for each trench. You can also use one VPC-5 fan for two trenches or VPC-6 fan for three trenches, or equivalents.

Grain bin made of movable walls

Farmers in the United States widely use makeshift movable walls for the quick construction of grain bins inside a large hangar or warehouse. They are made of plywood and wooden beams, reinforcing the rigidity of the wall structure with a steel bar, wire, etc. Usually the width of such walls and corner elements is 2.4 m, the height is arbitrary.

Such movable walls make it possible to more rationally use the available storage facilities, store large batches of grain next to the equipment, improve the culture and convenience of working with grain.

Table 2 - Possible problems when storing grain in a granary

Tower inside the hangar

With a shortage of grain storage and handling facilities, American farmers often build inside large existing hangars, warehouses, etc. easily erected storage towers - bunkers from specially produced steel ring elements or large sheets of plywood. Typically, such a tower fits perfectly into the room, with its walls touching two or three walls of the hangar. Inside it, on the floor, an unloading auger and an air duct for grain ventilation are installed.

The use of new technologies for growing cereals can significantly improve the yield of the latter. In 2016 alone, wheat, barley, oats, rye and corn in Russia amounted to 116,118milliontons, which is 13% more than in 2015. However, it is important not only to get a good grain harvest. We also need to try not to lose it until next year.Grain storagemust, of course, be done correctly.

Types of elevators

In most cases, the harvested crop of wheat, rye, barley, etc. is stored in special granaries. Such complexes are called elevators. There are several types of such granaries:

procurement;

basic;

transshipment;

production;

stock;

port;

implementation bases.

Procurement elevators

Such granaries are otherwise called grain-receiving. They are usually built taking into account the proximity to large agricultural complexes. This is done in order to reduce the cost of transporting the crop. On the type of grain is not only stored, but also subjected to primary processing - drying, cleaning. They usually keep the crop at the grain receiving points for not too long. Soon it will be shipped to its intended destination - in road, rail or water transport. In addition to cleaning and drying grain, preparations for sowing seeds are also carried out at the harvesting elevators.

Basic granaries

Elevators of this type are the main ones and serve to store crops intended for current consumption. It is here that wheat, rye, barley, etc. usually come from grain stores. On the basic elevators during storage, the grain is already subjected to more thorough processing. It is also sorted in such storages into homogeneous batches that meet certain requirements.

Basic elevators usually have a very large capacity. At the same time, they are equipped with high-performance equipment. Granaries of this type are located most often at the intersections of railways and waterways.

Industrial elevators

This type of storagethey are usually built next to flour mills, mixed fodder, cereals, etc. factories. Their main purpose is the uninterrupted supply of processing enterprises.wheat, barley, etc.. On such elevatorsproduced not onlystorage, but also processingin accordance with the given recipe. The capacity of production storage facilities depends on the capacity of a nearby food industry enterprise.

Stock elevators

Such complexes are designed for long-termgrain storagebut- within 3-4 years. It is on elevators of this type that the state grain reserves are stored. Such storages, like the basic ones, have a very large capacity. Grain is brought here only the highest quality. At the same time, they release it only in the order of updating stocks. Most often, grain from such elevators enters certain regions of the country with a temporary shortage. Therefore, storage facilities of this type are usually built near long railway routes.

Transshipment elevators

Storages of this type are mainly used for reloading grain from one mode of transport to another. Sometimes crops and nearby farms are brought here. Elevators of this type are always built at the junction of railway lines to each other or to water routes. In some cases, transshipment complexes can be used for long-termondeadlinesgrain storage.

Port complexes

Grain is usually brought to elevators of this type from transshipment or basic storage facilities. Here the harvest is prepared most often for export. Then the grain is shipped to sea vessels. Also, elevators of this type can receive wheat, rye, etc. from other countries. Then such grain is shipped to domestic Russian consumers. Port elevators usually have a large capacity. Only high-tech equipment is used in such complexes.

Implementation bases

Storage of grain in enterprises of this type is usually possible only for a not too long time. Such complexes are designed primarily to supply consumers with grain and products of its processing. Sometimes sales bases also accept crops from grain donators.

Basic storage techniques

The harvest of wheat, rye, oats, corn, etc., can be stored in various types of elevators. Technology is not the samegrain storage.Currently, the following storage modes are used:

dry;

chilled;

without air access.

In Russia, the first two technologies are mainly usedwarehousing.

Bulk storage rules

It is this mode that is considered the most appropriate for long-term storage of the crop. Most often, when using dry technology, grain is stored in bulk. That is, it is simply poured into large heaps. Compared to the methodstorage of grain in meIn boxes and containers, this technology has a number of unconditional advantages:

more rational use of granaries;

simplification of the movement of masses by mechanical means;

facilitating the fight against possible pests;

convenience of organizing mass monitoring;

savings on shipping and packaging costs.

Stored grainin bulk can both in open areas and in granaries. Dry technology tare is mainly used only for sorted seed material. In open areas, grain is stored in special piles covered with a tarpaulin.

Dry way

This mode of storage is based primarily on the principle of xeroanabiosis. When dehydrating batches of grain, all harmful microorganisms in it fall into a state of suspended animation. Therefore, in the future, the stored crop has to be protected only from insects. It is best to use the dry mode for long-term storage of the crop. It is this technology that is why it is most often used on basic and stock elevators.

Methods of processing during storage of grain according to this technique can be implemented in different ways. However, all drying methods are conditionally divided into two main groups:

without the use of heat;

with its application.

The most common ways of drying grain in this case are filling it in special devices and solar-air.

Warehousing without access to air

This wayit is good primarily because it allows you to fully preserve all the useful qualities of grain - flour-grinding and baking. In the absence of air, among other things, various harmful microorganisms and insects die or lose the ability to reproduce. When using this technology, the mass, due to the accumulation of carbon dioxide, among other things, is also self-conserved.Storage and processing of grainusing a similar technique is expedient, for example, at industrial elevators.

When using this technology, the harvest is stored in special sealed bins. In some cases, in order to accelerate self-preservation, carbon dioxide is specially introduced into such storage facilities or dry ice briquettes are placed.

Cold storage

This technique is second in popularity only to the dry method of storage. In this case, losses are also minimized. However, a purely economically similar storage method is somewhat inferior to the dry method. Therefore, it is usually used only directly in the farms themselves or on small elevators.

At a low temperature in the grain mass, as well as during drying, the activity of various microorganisms is greatly slowed down. The grain is cooled with this method of storage to t=5-10 C or lower. To create such conditions, passive techniques are usually used. That is, they simply equip the supply and exhaust ventilation in the warehouse. In the cold season, the latter works in warehouses all the time. In summer, the installations are usually turned on only at night.

Sometimes the grain mass is cooled with the help of conveyors or separate fans. A mixing method may also be used. However, due to the complexity of the latter cooling technique is rarely used.

Rules for storage in bags

As already mentioned, seeds of wheat, rye, etc. are usually stored in this way. Most often, elite planting material or the first reproduction is stored in containers. Ordinary seeds are stored in bulk. The only exception is the planting material of varieties with a thin shell of grain. Also, in most cases, calibrated seeds are placed in bags. That is, planting material that is of particular value or prone to deterioration is stored in this way.

Bags for such grain should be used only made of dense and coarse fabrics. Most often, nylon or polypropylene are used in granaries. Sometimes the grain is poured into special paper bags with a fabric lining. Quite popular is also a karft container of a similar variety. In any case, the use of durable bags is one of the mandatory conditions for grain storage using this technology.

Actually, the container itself with seeds is supposed to be stacked on either saucers. In this case, the tee or five-piece storage method is usually used. The distance between the stacks, according to the regulations, should not be less than 0.7 m. The same should be the indents from the walls of the warehouse. The height of stacks with manual stacking is usually 6-8 bags, with mechanized - 10-12.

Requirements for granaries

The complexes intended for the storage of wheat, barley or oats, of course, must be equipped accordingly. In addition, the grain storage, acceptance and delivery technologies themselves should be strictly observed at the elevators.

The placement plan is usually drawn up on the basis of materials from previous years. This takes into account information about the quality and quantity of grain to be delivered to the state, as well as the planned import and export of the latter.

Storage capacities should be used as rationally as possible. If necessary, the premises of the elevator and the site are disinfected before laying the grain. The walls and roof of the vault, of course, should not leak.

Grain storage technology: basic requirements

At elevators of the main types, grain must be sorted according to types, subtypes, degree of moisture, contamination, and varieties. Mixing is prohibited. By moisture, grain is usually sorted into:

raw up to 22%;

raw over 22%.

According to the degree of contamination, the grain is distributed into batches:

clean;

average purity;

weeds;

weeds above restrictive conditions.

Heavily clogged grain in elevators is usually cleaned before storage.

Separately, grain smut, frost, affected by a tick, infected with a bug, with an admixture of ergot are placed on the elevators. Also sort out the mass with excessthe number of germinated seeds.

It is not allowed to mix the grain of a new crop with last year's when stored in elevators. The height of the embankment is set depending on the degree of moisture content of the massand its contamination:

for dry grain, this indicator is limited only by the height of the warehouse ceilings;

for wet mass - no more than 2 m;

during temporary storage (before drying) of raw grain with a moisture content of up to 19% - 1.5 m, from 19% - 1 m.

The mound itself should be either pyramidal or rectangular in shape. Its surfaces must be smooth. From the moment the grain is received to the time it is shipped, the mass must be carefully monitored.

Storage Options

To monitor the state of the stored mass, the surface of each embankment is conditionally divided into sections of 100 m 2 each. Each of them is subsequently monitored by different indicators. But the main ones are the temperature and the degree of pest infestation. In the first case, special thermal rods are used for control. These devices are ordinary thermometers enclosed in metal cases.

In embankments with a height of more than 1.5 meters, measurements are made in three layers - in the upper (30-50 cm), middle and lower. After each measurement, the bar is moved to a distance of 2 meters.

The grain is checked for the degree of infestation by pests depending on the temperature of the mass:

at t above 10 C - once aweek;

at tbelow +10 C - once every two weeks;

at t below 0 C - once a month.

Checking seeds stored in bags is carried out once a month in winter and once every two weeks in summer.

Storage Pest Control Measures

Grain on elevators can be damaged:

weevils;

ticks;

moth;

mill fire.

In this case, each type of pest usually occupies a certain layer of the grain mass. In winter, these insects do not breed. An outbreak of pest activity is observed only when the grain is self-heating. In the summer, insects in mass can multiply quiteviolently.

For pest controlgrain storagethe following measures are taken:

the use of chemical treatment of plants on the field - before harvesting;

processing at the stage of preparation for storage directly at the elevator;

complete cleaning of premises at small granaries;

use of sieves to remove small pests;

exact observance of the regime in relation to the humidity of the poured on

Disinfection of grain before storage can be done in several ways. The most commonly used aerosol technique or gas. The first technology is usually used to process the warehouses themselves and the territories adjacent to them. Aerosol treatment is carried out using most often organophosphate or pyrethroid insecticides.

Aerosol disinfection can be quite effective. However, more often at the elevators, the less expensive gas processing technology is used. The following substances can be used as fumigants in this case: ethyl bromide, tablets with aluminum or magnesium phosphide. Both types of processing can only be carried out by special teams licensed for this type of activity.

Against various kinds of scaly, in addition to aerosol or gas, conventional processing technologies can also be used. In this case, the most commonly usedpheromone traps and microbiological preparations. To control rodents in warehouses, poisonous baits (usually based on zinc phosphide) are used.

Alternative ways

Thus, most often grain is stored in elevators. However, there are other methods for storing wheat, rye or barley crops. For example, quite often farmers use plastic sleeves to store grain. The main advantage of this technology is that it saves on resources and electricity. Indeed, in this case, there is no need for any special arrangement of the storage.

With this method of storage, the farmer will only have to spend money on the purchase of a bager. This is the name of a special device designed to fill bags with grain.The sleeves themselves for storing wheat or barley crops are made of multilayer elastic plastic. They have a capacity of 200-300 tons.

It is also expedient for small and medium farmers to buildbarns for grain storage.If desired, such a structure can be erected with your own hands.It is best to build a home granary from timber and boards. The interior space of the barn should be divided into bins and bins. The latter are a kind of boxes.

Buildbarns for grain storageon a columnar foundation. This design is cheaper. In addition, in the storage on such a foundation, the grain will subsequently be better ventilated.

It is possible to build such a structure not from wood, but from more modern materials. This can be, for example, aerated concrete, foam concrete, metal structures with sheathing, etc. However, in this case, it should also be equipped in a barngrain storage compartmentsseeds, for current consumption, littered, spoiled by smut, etc.

Storage loss

Thus, the maximum reduction in crop losses at the elevator can be achieved only if the technology of its storage is strictly observed. Standards, among other things, establish and norms naturallyand loss of grain during storage.

FROMspecifically forthemselvescalculations are usedspecialformulas. This takes into account the shelf life of the crop. For example, when storing for more than 3 months, the following formula is used: x=a+b>c/d, where:

a - loss for the previous storage period,

b- difference betweenthe norm of the current line of storage and the previous one;

in - the difference between the average storage rate and the previous one;

r is the number of months of storage.

Natural loss of grain during storage can occur as a result of a decrease in moisture during drying, due to clogging, sedimentation of mineral impurities on the floor, etc.

Today we have a very important topic not only for small farmers and summer residents, but also for agricultural companies. We will touch on such an important topic as grain storage, and also learn what are the ways of grain storage, the most efficient. After all, the storage period and the quality of the grain will largely depend on which method you choose. As you can see, this issue should not be neglected, so today we will try to understand this issue thoroughly.

There are two main methods for storing grain:

• In bags (suitable for small warehouses and small crops)
• Storage of grain in bulk (storage method for large warehouses, and for large crops)

Grain is stored in bulk in large warehouses, on elevators, at the same time grain is stored in bags only in warehouses.

Also, the best samples of grain of elite varieties of plants are stored in bags, or grain is placed in bags when it is planned to be transported from one warehouse to another. Storage in bulk has several advantages, firstly, with this method, it is easier to select and reject spoiled or low-quality grain, and secondly, you save on consumables (bags).

Elevators for grain storage:

In the twenty-first century, grain is mostly stored in elevators, modes and methods of grain storage are strictly regulated. As a rule, these are reinforced concrete or wooden structures, of course, the former are more reliable and have shown themselves better in this matter. As a rule, such structures are equipped with grain dryers and grain cleaning machines.

The whole system of work, as a rule, is automated. This allows employees to better perform their direct duties, and the system to allow fewer errors. The grain itself is dried and cleaned. Also, the work on the shipment of grain is well organized, all processes here are also often automated.

As you probably guessed, storing grain in such elevators is much more profitable and efficient than in conventional warehouses, this is a very profitable line of business.

Silos for grain storage at the granary and elevator video

Elevator technology

As you can see the question what are the ways to store grain gradually sink into oblivion, and if this is a private small farm, then of course the grain should be stored in bags or flooring in a small room, but if you are the owner of a large plot, it’s time for you to think about building or storing grain already on a finished elevator. From it you can efficiently carry out shipment even to river transport and shipment to wagons on the railway, of course, to old proven trucks. Whichever method you choose, in any case, we wish you success and, see you on our website, the farmer hassle-free.