Imp letter for early childhood education. Electives in Cybersecurity, Entrepreneurship and Financial Literacy

Preschool education, like school education, requires certain material costs on the part of all participants in the educational process.

First of all, we are talking about the state and parents, who in many cases also make a very significant contribution to ensuring that their children study in fairly comfortable conditions. And now about everything in a little more detail.

Methodological and instructional letter 2017

What is this document and what is it for?

The main purpose of this document is to solve various household and organizational issues during the educational process. In particular, we can talk about anything that can be important for preschool education.

Organization of the educational process

Usually the organizational process from year to year is about the same as always. On the one hand, there are teachers, and on the other hand, there are students. It so happens that it is necessary to make any changes to the educational process.

This may be due, for example, to new rules for signing notebooks or something like that. Now we will try to understand everything in more detail.

The purpose of the instructional and methodological letter is to organize the work of various state educational institutions, as well as all kinds of educational organizations that are involved in the implementation of basic general educational programs for preschool education.

Also, an instructional and methodological letter is necessary for organizations involved in the development of educational programs, as well as various curricula. All this is quite complicated, so it is not at all surprising that special instructional and methodological letters are written for this purpose.

The main points that are reflected in the instructional methodological letter

For example, in an instructional-methodical letter, moments may be raised about the correct organization of the educational process. This can be especially important for preschoolers who overwork very quickly and may experience stress from overwork. To avoid this, it may be necessary to have a curriculum that takes into account everything that may be relevant to the health of your little ones.

What is meant in this case? First of all, this is the total number of hours that are allocated for mastering the curriculum of the educational organization where they study by preschoolers. For example, the total load should not exceed certain norms established many years ago.

In general, it is the total number of hours that must be spent on training that is a key issue not only for a single discipline, but also for the entire educational process for an entire academic year.

This is extremely important for preschool education, because the total load on children also determines whether they will be able to master the curriculum or not.

schedule of lessons

The schedule of classes for preschool children is usually made separately for both electives and compulsory classes. For example, electives should be scheduled for those days when preschoolers have the fewest lessons.

The fact is that if electives are planned for days when there are many lessons, then a situation may arise when the kids will be so tired that they simply will not have the strength to stay for electives.

As you can see, instructional and methodological writing is necessary so that preschoolers can be able to attend classes as comfortably as possible.

If it were not for the instructional and methodological writing, then many educational institutions could simply overload the kids with unnecessary subjects and make a schedule in such a way that it would be very difficult for the kids to do what they really are interested in.

The amount of homework

For many kids, homework is an extremely serious problem, because many preschoolers do it with their parents.

This means that if the volume of homework is too large, then the kids may not cope with it and then the whole family will try to make out with the homework. This can lead to conflict between parents and teachers.

Output

Instructive and methodological writing is really needed in order to make preschool education much more comfortable than it was before. It should be understood that preschool children are very gentle creatures that require a reverent attitude.

Any serious workload (including study) is categorically contraindicated for them. If you forget about it, then it can lead to very unpleasant consequences. Let's hope this information was useful and useful.

To learn about the innovations, of course, it is best for you to find specialized information on this topic, but we will briefly say about it and we - according to the current restrictions for admission to preschool institutions, fundamental changes have been made that regulate the admission of children to preschool educational institutions, that is kindergartens.

The amended regulations and other legislative acts regulate new conditions for enrolling children in kindergartens and establish age limits. Now everyone has the right to take advantage of the opportunity to receive education in a kindergarten (preschool educational institution), but for specific groups, about which you can learn in more detail on specialized information resources ...

What is early childhood education?

No one will dispute that in the modern world it is extremely important to start teaching a child as early as possible, from an early age he should begin to comprehend the basics of science, therefore teaching in kindergarten is absolutely necessary today, which is what we should strive for, to develop preschool in our country. training and as soon as possible we start, the better for Russia. Preschool education includes not only teaching writing, reading or addition with subtraction, but also other areas of development and education.

Preschool education is underestimated by some, you can often hear unflattering comments about early learning, it seems to such people or they are confident that learning early is bad and nothing needs to be changed, and they are definitely wrong, they do not think in modern categories.

The world is changing rapidly, like everything along with it, and if earlier children began their studies at the age of seven, today it is already a late date for the start of education. The realities of today's life, modern and future man are such that a child should begin to comprehend knowledge at an earlier age than before.

In Russia, which considers itself a civilized country, children, as you know, begin to study at school from the age of seven, often they come to the first grade completely unprepared, without elementary knowledge, they cannot even count, read and write, is that right?

This is not to say that their dads and mothers are so irresponsible people, many of them are busy with their work, and they send their children to kindergartens, in which, in their opinion, they will be taught everything, including how to write, count and read. But this is far from the case, teachers in kindergartens are not at all obliged to teach children something, without any special preschool education program obliging to do this.

Preschool education of children in 2018

Preschool education should develop and become the norm in Russia as early as 2018, primarily under the preschool education program for children, which already exists and should be fully operational. Preschool education with training, you can start in 2018 from the age of three and up to seven years, when the children go to school, by the way, among other things, this is also the care and supervision of the child, as in a regular kindergarten or the same nursery.

In a number of preschool educational institutions - in nurseries and junior kindergartens, children from even one and a half years old can study, and even such children of an even younger age are accepted. However, the attitude to early learning, earlier than one and a half years, among teachers and psychologists is ambiguous and not always approved, most of them believe that at such an early age it is best for children to be brought up and get the basics of education in their family.

Preschool education for children, teaching a child from an early age, has important and ambiguous features, these are mainly advantages, because it is much more often than school education, carried out in an individual setting with an individual approach to each child, which is very important for successful learning, knowledge acquisition by a child. its general development.

There are in our country and every year there are more and more of them - specialized preschool educational institutions for children with special needs, taking into account the state of his health. Taking into account the fact that public preschool educational institutions are clearly not enough in Russia, private ones come to the rescue, which, although paid, but there are no problems with their occupancy, which means they are needed and the state should probably take this fact into account, think about such a problem.

Who their children mainly study in preschool educational institutions, who will study there in 2018 and receive preschool education, first of all those children whose parents are busy people and are ready to pay any money for their child, who want him not to lag behind in his development , and received knowledge in a timely manner and with high quality.

Such parents, dads and mothers, are confident that their child in a preschool educational institution will not only be under reliable supervision, but will also learn something, learn to write and read, add and subtract, etc., develop at a level with all children. who today are quite early ready to learn, to absorb all kinds of knowledge.

Preschool education programs 2018

As for the preschool education program in 2018, today they are very diverse and extensive, and the main task of any educational institution for preschoolers, be it a kindergarten or a development studio, is to give the child the necessary knowledge, prepare him as best as possible for school, so that he was on full alert.

It is the responsibility of the responsible institution of preschool education and the need to give the child a set of knowledge and skills, to teach him all kinds of skills, the ability to think logically and make decisions at his level. Also, the child is taught to be honest and responsible, to be responsible for his actions and deeds, explain what is bad and good, what can and cannot be done, instill in them a sense of justice and much more, which is important for the successful and most importantly positive development in all senses of the baby.

How else is preschool education useful?

In educational institutions where children study according to preschool education programs, there are always many children, which from an early age contributes to the general development of the child, his sociability and the development of sociability. Children developing in a team are always more intelligent and quick-witted, they have faster thinking, they are more agile than their peers in terms of making decisions, orienting how to behave, what can be said and what is not.

In a team, personal, individual abilities develop better, children quickly reveal their natural talents, abilities and inclinations, because this is to some extent a competitive environment, where everyone seeks to express themselves in something, to surprise with some of their skills. All this contributes to overall development, more progressive thinking and faster decision-making.

Preschool education for preschool children

Classes and education in preschool institutions, for children from one and a half years old and older, mainly with individual programs and differ significantly from classes in usual schools. This is understandable, because small children are not yet able, in view of their poor health, to sit out at the school lesson for forty-five minutes, concentrating on the study of a subject or lesson.

Therefore, in preschool educational institutions, classes are held for a short time, for fifteen, twenty and twenty-five minutes, depending on the age of the group, and the training sessions themselves are conducted in a playful way, knowledge is presented to children in an informative, fun way.

It is these methods of presenting educational material that are most effective, which is also evidenced by practice, because they allow you to draw the child's attention to the subject of study, make training sessions for him not only interesting and exciting, but also cognitive, and therefore educational.

Teaching children in the form of a game, they develop important skills that are so necessary in life, in the course of learning in a playful way, they not only expand their horizons and acquire new knowledge, skills and abilities, but also the child is forced to make decisions independently, he has the need to decide for yourself how to do the right thing and so on is developed.

Preschool education and training in Russia 2018

Russia is one of the few civilized countries in which preschool education, the teaching of preschool children is "lame", is not as well developed as it should be and it would be desirable, as it should be in a highly developed state, as we consider ourselves to be. Of course, their parents play a special role in the upbringing of children, including preschool education, their minimum set of knowledge and skills that they must have before the first call at school, since they decide to raise their child at home, it means that they are fully responsible. ...

They are simply obliged to teach the child not only reading, writing and elementary mathematics, but also to develop in their child, before he goes to first grade, the whole set of knowledge, skills and abilities that we talked about above and what a child can get in preschool educational institution should strive with all their might to achieve this.

We hope that in 2018 the situation with preschool education in Russia will change, and preschool education for children will become a state program that will take the best Russian private preschool institutions as a model, adopt their experience and, led by the Ministry of Education, begin to implement and implement the much-needed steps.

The development of preschool education in our country is literally an important and mandatory step that should be taken as soon as possible. It is the state that should become the initiator, develop this direction with its state program, bring it to the level of the best world standards, otherwise we will once again lag behind the entire modern world, which is changing at such a pace that it is lagging behind today, tomorrow it will be too late to change something ...

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INSTRUCTIONAL-METHODOLOGICAL LETTER "On the activities of institutions of general secondary education, structural units of regional (Minsk city) executive committees, city, district executive committees, local administrations of districts in cities exercising state power in the field of education in the 2018/2019 academic year"

In order to understand what the new school will be for the 2019-2020 academic year, you need to familiarize yourself with the list of planned changes and innovations that will be relevant in the coming academic year.

In an interview with Rossiyskaya Gazeta, Minister of Education of the Russian Federation Olga Vasilyeva spoke about two priority goals set by the employees of the Ministry:

1. Create an education system worthy of being in the top 10 in the world.
2. Build an upbringing system that covers the younger generation from preschool age.

The following areas are recognized as priority for 2019:

• integration of new methods of teaching and education;
• introduction of new educational technologies;
• the use of digital technologies in teaching.

Completion of the division of the Ministry of Education

The reform process of the ministry should be fully completed in 2019. As a result of the reform, instead of the Ministry of Education and Science, two departments are formed:

For the implementation of the reform, 1 calendar year is allotted and from the first days of 2019, the new Ministries will begin work in full.

Transfer of school management to the regional level

In 2019, schools in the Russian Federation are influenced by 3 levels of management:

• municipality;
• regional ministry;
• federal ministry;

This format significantly reduces the effectiveness of management and needs to be reformed. At the initiative of the Ministry of Education and Science, in 2019, a pilot project was launched in 19 regions of Russia, which in real conditions proved the effectiveness of school management from the regional level.

Whether there will be an accelerated continuation of the reform already in 2020, official sources have not yet reported. But, judging by the results obtained, the transfer of management to the regional level will nevertheless take place in the near future.

Preschool news

In the course of reforming the education system, special attention was paid to the issue of upbringing of preschool children. Everything new that we will see in preschool education as early as next 2019 is designed to increase the level of preschool training and create comfortable conditions for the all-round harmonious development of kids.

Unified education system

Taking the best world methods as a basis, the employees of the Ministry of Education and Science have developed a system of education, which is mandatory for both preschool educators and teachers of schools, gymnasiums or lyceums.

To help teachers and educators, methodological literature has been released, explaining the new requirements and helping to competently build the educational process in children's groups of different age groups.

Orthodox preschool education

The educational program, developed by the ROC MP, proposes to organize the process of upbringing preschoolers with an emphasis on the traditional moral values ​​of Orthodox culture. Although this program was originally developed specifically for Orthodox kindergartens, other preschool institutions in Russia will also be able to use it on a voluntary basis.

Availability of preschool education

For more than one year, in all regions of the Russian Federation, there has been a program to eliminate queues for kindergartens, the results of which have already been evaluated by millions of families. In 2019, the problem of a shortage of places in DUZs, which still exists in several regions, will be addressed in such ways as:

• creation of new kindergartens;
• the opening of private preschool institutions;
• organization of groups of short-term stay at schools and kindergartens.

School innovations

The active reform of the domestic system continues, which means that in the 2019-2020 academic year we will also see news and changes in school education and the organization of work of educational institutions.

Study programs for 2019-2020

At the moment, the standards for 2019-2020 have not yet been approved, but most likely the same programs will remain relevant as in the 2017-2018 academic year, approved in 2012 (for primary school students, grades 5, 6 and 7 ) and in 2004 (for grades 8-11).

Olga Vasilyeva assured that when considering the innovations, the comments and suggestions of teachers will be taken into account. Recall that the main reason for dissatisfaction with the current state of affairs on the part of teachers was the inconsistency of outdated programs with the requirements of the Unified State Exam.

Unified educational space

Today, it is quite often possible to face the fact that the transfer of a child from one educational institution to another (even within the same locality) creates many problems.

Textbooks differ significantly not only in schools studying the subject at different levels, but also in educational institutions working on the same curriculum. As a result, both the amount of information received by the students and the quality of training are also different.

The creation of a unified educational space for the Russian Federation should solve this problem. But, this process is quite lengthy, because in addition to creating a single bank of educational literature, it involves the development of new programs and a revision of educational standards.

Online lessons

The use of digital technologies not only makes the lesson more interesting for children and fill it with interactive elements. Thanks to the multifaceted opportunities provided by the world of digital technologies, it has become possible to provide access to the educational process for children who, for some reason, cannot be in the classroom. This opportunity will be realized with the help of online courses and broadcasts of real lessons.

Electronic textbooks

Within the framework of the Digital School project, the possibility of transition from heavy and quickly deteriorating printed textbooks to convenient digital analogues has long been considered.

The advantages of e-books are overwhelming:

• the price of the textbook;
• the weight of the portfolio, because instead of 5-7 books, the portfolio will contain one electronic gadget;
• easy access to the digital library through the school website.

Of course, there are also downsides to the idea of ​​digital textbooks. First of all, not every family is able to purchase an electronic gadget for a child. Second, who will be responsible for the integrity and safety of students' tablets and e-books? And, of course, do not forget about the impact of such devices on children's health. It was from this third, but the most important position that the ministry decided to approach the problem. Research on the impact of gadgets is already underway.

Second foreign language in Russian schools

Another new direction in education in 2019 is teaching foreign languages. Now schoolchildren will master 2 languages, one of which (main) will be taught from the 1st grade, and the second (additional) - from the 5th. Of course, there may be different variations in the distribution of hours of language learning in the program, which will depend on the region, profile and other features of the educational institution.

The return of astronomy

Yes, yes, she still comes back. The textbooks have already been printed, and the retraining of teachers is coming to an end. In grades 10 and 11, astronomy will be taught at least 35 hours a year (this is one or two lessons per week). There will not be astronomy as a separate subject for the final certification yet, but all-Russian testing works on it will be carried out.

Electives in Cybersecurity, Entrepreneurship and Financial Literacy

In entrepreneurship classes, children will be taught how to start their own business. And representatives of business spheres will do it. In addition to entrepreneurship, schoolchildren will be taught financial literacy - this is a continuation of last year's project, which is supervised by the Central Bank of Russia. This is exactly the very approximation to real life that parents expect from the school. Now it is necessary to understand what opportunities and what risks the modern financial market carries, what tools should be used to increase capital and why microcredits are dangerous. There are already textbooks on the course. And best of all: Cybersecurity lessons that teach kids how to protect their personal information, photos, and passwords.

Paid extension

As in the previous year, after-school groups can be paid or free, depending on the program and opening hours. The cost of services is set by the management of the educational institution, but at the same time, families eligible for social benefits can count on a reduction in the cost or even free attendance by a child of the GPA.

USE news 2019

Graduates and parents are most interested in news in school education related to the conduct and subjects of the Unified State Exam in the 2019-2020 academic year.

Third compulsory subject

The main innovation of 2019 may be the third must-pass subject, which is likely to be history. School graduates should know well the history of their country, and the current state of affairs, in the opinion of the Government and the Ministry of Education and Science, is very far from this. Pupils of the 11th grade who do not pass history on the exam are very superficial about the study of the subject.

The list of optional USE subjects in 2020 will remain the same.

Changes in CMMs by subjects

Over the past few years, FIPI has brought almost all KIMs to the optimal format, and one can hope that already in 2019 the news of education will not present insidious surprises to graduates.

For more information about the innovations that are possible for each of the subjects taken for the exam, as well as how to approach the preparation correctly, read the relevant articles on the pages of our information portal.

The attestation commission of the exam will change

Changes will begin to be introduced in 2019, and they will mainly affect the work of the appeal and conflict commissions. Variants of CMMs (control and measuring materials) will be printed immediately in the examination room. No one, including commissioners and observers, will be able to access the final tickets. It is also possible that the answer forms will also be scanned on the spot.

Retake the exam 2019

Graduates who receive an unsatisfactory result in 1 or 2 compulsory subjects will be able to retake the exam in 2019-2020. The following will not be admitted to the autumn retake:

• did not pass more than 2 subjects;
• deleted from the office through their own fault (cribs, boorish behavior, the use of unauthorized devices, etc.)

News for universities

The educational reform will also affect the higher educational institutions of Russia, for which the following news will be relevant in 2020:

Increase in the number of budget-funded places in universities

This news was announced at the December meeting of the board of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia. Discussing the planning of admission targets for the 2019-2020 academic year, O. Yu. Vasilyeva focused the attention of those present on the decline in the population at the age of 17-30 and the importance of maintaining the training of specialists in priority areas of government orders.

Scientific postgraduate study

Olga Vasilieva and Mikhail Kotyukov have already supported the proposal to introduce "scientific" postgraduate studies.

The postgraduate study of the new format will differ from the current one, first of all, in a larger amount of scientific work, fewer lectures, as well as the obligatory defense of scientific work, which each graduate will defend at the end of his studies.

Targeted training

Annually the Government of the Russian Federation sets priority areas and quotas for the number of required specialists

In 2019, universities that violate their obligations on the target recruitment of students may face sanctions, the draft law on the introduction of which has already been adopted in the first reading.

Students enrolled in this program undertake to work in a strictly defined organization for the period specified in the contract (but not less than 3 years).

Online courses at universities instead of regular ones

The goal of the Modern Digital Educational Environment project is to enable universities to include online courses in their educational programs and give them real credits. In the next two to three years, the project should cover a significant part of the areas of training for bachelor's and master's degrees. And by 2025, as many as 11 million people will be enrolled in open online courses (if everything goes according to plan).

Increase in scholarships

Students from September 1, 2017 will increase their scholarships. All Russian universities have signed an agreement on the indexation of scholarships by 5.9%. According to the Director of the Finance Department of the Ministry of Education and Science, scholarships will be indexed in 2019-2020 as well. In 2019 - by 4.8%, in 2020 - by 4.5%.