What temperature is better to set on a gas boiler. The optimum temperature of the coolant in a private house. Closed system with natural circulation

I have a BAXI 24Fi boiler, it started just the other day and I immediately did not like its cyclical mode. Very often it ignites the burner (3 minutes, after the pump runs out). But the burner burns a little, literally 20-40 seconds and that's it. Perhaps the boiler power is too big for my heating system

I have a BAXI Eco3 Compact 240FI, an apartment of 85 sq.m. First heating season last year only worked for hot water. Before connecting the room thermostat, it clocked at a similar interval. At a higher water temperature (60-70 degrees), the burner operates from 40 seconds to 1.5 minutes, then there is a set burner turn-on delay of 30 or 150 seconds, depending on the T-off switch on the board. All this time the pump is running, since the board has a wired overrun time when working for heating - 3 minutes (it’s a pity that you can’t change it). During this time, t of water decreases by 10 degrees from the set value and the cycle repeats. By setting the t of water below (40 degrees), I reduced the burner's operating time to 30-50 seconds.
I experimented with adjusting the maximum power of the heating circuit - I did not notice significant deviations in the burner operation time. Water temperature has a greater effect.

Yes, it's already set up. The jumper on terminals 1 and 2 is, as it were, a "perpetual request for inclusion" from the thermostat. By replacing it with a smart box with a relay, you can limit the burner operation periods by the schedule during the day and week (electronic programmable thermostats) and the air temperature in the room (electronic and mechanical thermostats). The temperature of the coolant is recommended to choose higher (70-75 degrees).

When working without a thermostat, I had to monitor the temperature outside
Now +10 +15 overboard and even setting t=40 you can get heat in the rooms, plus clocking and excessive gas consumption.
With a thermostat, 75 degrees is recommended. Then, during the heating period, which allows raising the air temperature in the room by the “thermostat delta”, the water temperature does not have time to reach 75 degrees and the boiler has been operating continuously all this time. So far, at a positive temperature outside, I have this time of 15-20 minutes, when the water heats up to 60-65 degrees with a subsequent downtime of 1.5-2 hours.
Even if it heats the water to 75 before the air warms up, the boiler will turn off and turn on again after the required 150 seconds. just me. Here already the periods of heating will be short, but not numerous. Since the pump is running all this time, the radiators are hot and the air temperature will quickly reach the value set in the thermostat. After that, again idle at 1.5-2 hours.
Immediately set the maximum possible temperature (85 degrees), I think it is not necessary - there is still winter ahead.
And such a remark. After turning off by the thermostat, during the run-out time of the pump, the air in the room still heats up (I have +0.1 to the set one)
With hotter water there will be some "overcomfort" and overspending
So the temperature of the coolant in the presence of a room thermostat mainly determines the rate of heating to a given air temperature.

If about the air temperature delta in the characteristics of thermostats, then 0.5 is quite enough. In more expensive brands, it is also adjustable from 0.1 degrees. So far, I have not noticed the need for such precise temperature maintenance.
Much more interesting is the moment of choosing the values ​​​​of comfortable and economical temperatures (in terms of some brands of thermostats with two levels of set temperature, these can be "day" and "night").
Usually the factory settings provide for a difference of 2-3 degrees.
But then in the morning before waking up, it will take much more time to raise the temperature to a comfortable temperature than for a heating cycle while maintaining a temperature with a delta of 0.5. Hence the increase in costs. The situation is the same if heating is set before returning from work, and during the day, in the absence of people, the apartment is heated in an economical mode.
Here, of course, you need experience and statistics in monitoring consumption.

If the thermostat holds the permission to operate the boiler (the temperature is below the set one), then the burner in the boiler burns constantly until the thermostat removes the permission (when the setpoint is reached) or what? Couldn't he just overheat at this time?

Will not overheat. The thermostat just allows, but does not oblige the boiler to work. When the set coolant temperature is reached, the burner will turn off regardless of the mode on the thermostat.

At the supply, this is from 95 to 105 ° С, and at the return - 70 ° С. The optimal values ​​​​in individual system heating H2_2 Heating system helps to avoid many problems that arise with a centralized network, and the optimal temperature of the coolant can be adjusted according to the season. In the case of individual heating, the concept of norm includes the heat transfer of a heating device per unit area of ​​​​the room where this device is located. The thermal regime in this situation is provided by design features heating appliances. It is important to ensure that the heat carrier in the network does not cool below 70 ° C. 80 °C is considered optimal. It is easier to control heating with a gas boiler, because manufacturers limit the possibility of heating the coolant to 90 ° C. Using sensors to adjust the gas supply, the heating of the coolant can be controlled.

Coolant temperature in different heating systems

It, in turn, depends on what minimum and maximum water temperatures in the heating system can be achieved during operation. Measuring the temperature of the heating battery For autonomous heat supply, the standards are quite applicable central heating. They are detailed in the resolution of the PRF No. 354. It is noteworthy that the minimum water temperature in the heating system is not indicated there.

It is only important to observe the degree of heating of the air in the room. Therefore, in principle, the temperature regime of operation of one system can be different from another. It all depends on the influencing factors that were mentioned above.

In order to determine what temperature should be in the heating pipes, you should familiarize yourself with the current standards. In their content there is a division into residential and non-residential premises, as well as the dependence of the degree of air heating on the time of day:

• In the rooms during the daytime.

Norms and optimal values ​​​​of the coolant temperature

Info

Over time, the maximum water temperature in the heating system will lead to a breakdown. Also, a violation of the water temperature schedule in the autonomous heating system provokes the formation of air locks. This is due to the transfer of the coolant from liquid state into gaseous. Additionally, this affects the formation of corrosion on the surface of the metal components of the system.

Attention

That is why it is necessary to accurately calculate what temperature should be in the heat supply batteries, taking into account their material of manufacture. The most common violation thermal regime work is observed in solid fuel boilers. This is due to the problem of adjusting their power. When a critical temperature level in the heating pipes is reached, it is difficult to quickly reduce the boiler power.

Heating in a private house. there are doubts about the correctness of the system made.

For these reasons sanitary norms prohibit more heating. To calculate the optimal indicators, special graphs and tables can be used, in which the norms are determined depending on the season:

• With an average value outside the window of 0 °С, the supply for radiators with different wiring is set at a level of 40 to 45 °С, and the return temperature is from 35 to 38 °С;
• At -20 °С, the supply is heated from 67 to 77 °С, while the return rate should be from 53 to 55 °С;
• At -40 ° C outside the window for all heating devices set the maximum allowable values.

The temperature of the coolant in the heating system: calculation and regulation

According to regulations, the temperature in residential buildings should not fall below 18 degrees, and for children's institutions and hospitals - this is 21 degrees of heat. But it should be borne in mind that, depending on the air temperature outside the building, the building can lose different amounts of heat through the building envelope. Therefore, the temperature of the coolant in the heating system, based on external factors, varies from 30 to 90 degrees.

When water is heated from above in the heating structure, the decomposition of paint and varnish coatings begins, which is prohibited by sanitary standards. To determine what the temperature of the coolant in the batteries should be, specially designed temperature charts are used for specific groups of buildings. They reflect the dependence of the degree of heating of the coolant on the state of the outside air.

Water temperature in the heating system

• In the corner room +20°C;
• In the kitchen +18°C;
• In the bathroom +25°C;
• In corridors and flights of stairs +16°C;
• In the elevator +5°C;
• In the basement +4°C;
• In the attic +4°C.

It should be noted that these temperature standards refer to the period of the heating season and do not apply to the rest of the time. Also, information will be useful that hot water should be from + 50 ° C to + 70 ° C, according to SNiP-u 2.08.01.89 "Residential buildings". There are several types of heating systems: Contents

• 1 C natural circulation
• 2 With forced circulation
• 3 Calculation of the optimal temperature of the heater
  • 3.1 Cast iron radiators
  • 3.2 Aluminum radiators
  • 3.3 Steel radiators
  • 3.4 Underfloor heating

With natural circulation, the coolant circulates without interruption.

Optimum water temperature in a gas boiler

Usually they put a lattice fence that does not interfere with air circulation. Cast iron, aluminum and bimetallic devices are common. Consumer choice: cast iron or aluminum Aesthetics cast iron radiators- a parable in the language.
They require periodic painting, as the rules stipulate that working surface heater had smooth surface and allows easy removal of dust and dirt. On the rough inner surface sections, a dirty deposit is formed, which reduces the heat transfer of the device. But technical specifications cast iron products at height:

• little susceptible to water corrosion, can be used for more than 45 years;
• they have a high thermal power per 1 section, therefore they are compact;
• they are inert in heat transfer, therefore they smooth out temperature fluctuations in the room well.

Another type of radiators is made of aluminum.
A single-pipe heating system can be vertical and horizontal. In both cases, air pockets appear in the system. A high temperature is maintained at the inlet to the system in order to warm all the rooms, so the piping system must withstand high water pressure. Two-pipe system heating The principle of operation is to connect each heating device to the supply and return pipelines. The cooled coolant is sent to the boiler through the return pipeline. During installation, additional investments will be required, but there will be no air jams in the system. Temperature standards for rooms In a residential building, the temperature in the corner rooms should not be lower than 20 degrees, for interior spaces the standard is 18 degrees, for showers - 25 degrees.

Standard temperature of the coolant in the heating system

Heating of the stairwell Since we are talking about an apartment building, we should mention the stairwells. The norms for the temperature of the coolant in the heating system state: the degree measure on the sites should not fall below 12 ° C. Of course, the discipline of the tenants requires that the doors be closed tightly. entrance group, do not leave the transoms of stair windows open, keep the glass intact and promptly report any problems to the management company.

If the Criminal Code does not take timely measures to insulate the points of probable heat loss and maintain the temperature regime in the house, an application for recalculation of the cost of services will help. Changes in the design of heating Replacement of existing heating devices in the apartment is carried out with the obligatory coordination with the management company. Unauthorized change in the elements of warming radiation can disrupt the thermal and hydraulic balance of the structure.

Optimum coolant temperature in a private house

This device, shown in the photo, consists of the following elements:

• computing and switching node;
• operating mechanism on the hot coolant supply pipe;
• an actuating unit designed to mix in the coolant coming from the return. In some cases, a three-way valve is installed;
• booster pump in the supply area;
• not always a booster pump in the "cold bypass" section;
• sensor on the coolant supply line;
• valves and shut-off valves;
• return sensor;
• outdoor air temperature sensor;
• several room temperature sensors.

Now it is necessary to understand how the temperature of the coolant is regulated and how the regulator functions.

The optimum temperature of the coolant in the heating system of a private house

If the water temperature in the heating system of a private house exceeds the norm, the following situations may occur:

• Pipeline damage. In particular, this applies to polymer lines, in which the maximum heating can be + 85 ° C. That is why the normal value of the temperature of the heating pipes in an apartment is usually + 70 ° C.

  Otherwise, deformation of the line may occur and a rush will occur;

• Excess air heating. If the temperature of the heat supply radiators in the apartment provokes an increase in the degree of air heating above + 27 ° C - this is beyond the normal range;
• Reduced service life of heating components. This applies to both radiators and pipes.

Disclaimer:
I must say right away that I am not an expert and I understand little about boilers. Therefore, everything that is written below can and should be treated with skepticism. Do not kick me, but I will be glad to hear alternative points of view. I was looking for information for myself on how to optimally use a gas boiler so that it lasts as long as possible and releases as little heat as possible into the pipe.

It all started with the fact that I did not know what temperature of the coolant to choose. There is a selection wheel, but there is no information on this topic. not in the instructions anywhere. It was really hard to find her. I made some notes for myself. I can't vouch that they are correct, but they might be useful to someone. This topic is not for the sake of a holivar, I do not urge you to buy this or that model, but I want to figure out how it works and what depends on what.

Essence:
1) The efficiency of any boiler is higher, the colder the water in the internal radiator. A cold radiator takes all the heat from the burner into itself, releasing air at a minimum temperature into the street.

2) The only loss in efficiency that I see is only exhaust gases. Everything else remains within the walls of the house (we are only considering the case when the boiler is in a room that needs heating. I no longer see why the efficiency can decrease.

3) Important. Do not confuse the efficiency plug that is written in the specifications (for example, from 88% to 90%) with what I am writing about. This fork does not refer to the temperature of the coolant, but only to the power of the boiler.

What does it mean? Many boilers can operate with high efficiency even at 40-50% of the nominal power. For example, my boiler can work on 11 kW and 28 kW (this is regulated by the pressure in the gas burner). The manufacturer says that the efficiency at 11 kW will be 88%, and at 28 kW - 90%.

But what water temperature should be in the boiler radiator, the manufacturer does not indicate (or I did not find it). It is quite possible that when the radiator is heated to 88 degrees, the efficiency drops by 20 percent. I don't know. It is necessary to measure heat losses with outgoing gases. but I'm too lazy for that.

4) Why not set all boilers to the minimum temperature of the heat carrier? Because when the radiator is cold (and 30-50 degrees, it is already very cold, relative to the burner flame) - condensate forms on it from water and compounds that are mixed in the gas. It's like cold glass in a bathroom where water collects. Just not there pure water, and even any chemistry from gas. This condensate is very harmful to most of the materials from which the radiator inside the boiler is made (cast iron, copper).

5) Condensation in large quantities falls when the radiator temperature is colder than 58 degrees. This is a fairly constant value because the combustion temperature of the gas is approximately constant. And the amount of impurities and water in the gas is standardized by GOSTs.

Therefore, there is a rule that in ordinary boilers the return flow should be 60 degrees and above. Otherwise, the radiator will quickly fail. Boilers even have a special feature - when the burner is turned on, they turn off the circulation pump in order to quickly heat their radiator to the set temperature, reducing condensation on it.

4) Yes condensing boilers- their trick is that they are not afraid of condensate, on the contrary, they try to cool the combustion products to the maximum, which contributes to increased condensate precipitation (there is no miracle in such boilers, condensate in this case is just a by-product of cooling the exhaust gases). Thus, they do not release excess heat into the pipe, using all the heat to the maximum. But even when using such boilers, if you need to heat the coolant a lot (if there are few batteries / warm floors in the house and you don’t have enough heat) - the hot radiator (at least 60 degrees) of this boiler can no longer take all the heat out of the air. And its efficiency drops to almost normal values. And almost no condensate is formed, flying out into the pipe along with kilowatts of heat.

5) The low temperature of the coolant (a characteristic that is given as a load to condensing boilers) is good for everyone - it does not destroy plastic pipes, it can be directly let into the warm floor, hot radiators do not raise dust, do not create wind in the room (air movement from hot batteries reduces comfort), it is impossible to burn yourself with them, they do not contribute to the decomposition of paints and varnishes near radiators (less harmful substances). By the way, more than 85 degrees of the battery is generally forbidden to heat according to sanitary measures, precisely because of the reasons voiced above.

But the low temperature of the coolant has one minus. The efficiency of radiators (batteries in the house) is highly dependent on temperature. The lower the coolant temperature, the lower the efficiency of the radiators. But this does not mean that you will pay more for gas (this efficiency has nothing to do with gas). But this means that more radiators/underfloor heating will need to be bought and placed so that they can deliver the same amount of heat into the house at a lower operating temperature.

If at 80 degrees you need one radiator in the room, then at 30 degrees you need three of them (I took these numbers out of my head).

6) In addition to condensing, there are boilers "low temperature". I have just one. They seem to be able to live at a water temperature of 40 degrees. Condensation also forms there, but it seems to be not as strong as in conventional boilers. There are some engineering solutions that reduce its intensity (double walls of the radiator inside the boiler or some other parsley, there is very little information about this). Perhaps this is stupid marketing and works only in words? I dont know.

For myself, I decided to set at least 50-55 degrees so that the return line was at least about 40(offhand, I don't have a thermometer). For me, this is a salvation, because my underfloor heating was installed incorrectly (the house already had all the wiring when I bought it), and it would be completely wrong to heat them with water at 70 degrees. I would have to rebuild the collector, add another pump ... And 50-60 degrees for me is generally normal in warm floors, I have a thick screed, the floor is not hot. Whether this is bad or not bad, I don’t know, but it already exists and nothing can be done about it. Although, I suspect that the efficiency still suffers a little from this, and the screed does not become stronger from wild drops. But what to do.

The question, of course, is how all this will affect the efficiency and radiator of the boiler. But I have no information on this topic.

7) For conventional boiler, apparently, it is optimal to heat the water to 80-85 degrees. Apparently, if 80 is the supply, then the return will be about 60 on average in the hospital. Someone even says that this way the efficiency is higher, but I do not see any reasonable reason why the efficiency can increase with the temperature of the coolant. It seems to me that the efficiency of the boiler should fall with an increase in the temperature of the coolant (remember the gases that leave the house into the pipe).

8) I already wrote why hot coolant is not welcome. And once again I will emphasize one opinion that I saw on the Internet. They say for plastic pipes The maximum reasonable temperature is 75 degrees. I am sure that the pipes will withstand 100 degrees, but high temperatures seem to lead to increased wear. I have no idea what is "wearing out" there, maybe it's a fake. But I'm still not a supporter of running boiling water through pipes. All reasons are listed above.

9) From all this follows the opinion (not mine) that weather-dependent automation is almost never needed, because it regulates the temperature of the coolant is not optimal for the long-term use of the boiler (or killing its efficiency). That is, if the boiler is condensing, then it is better to heat up to one temperature, and increase it only if it is very cold in the house. It depends primarily on the house, insulation and the number of radiators (and last but not least on the temperature outside). And it’s still better to heat an ordinary boiler to 70 degrees, otherwise it’s a khan. Accordingly, low-temperature somewhere in the region of 50-55 on average. Manual control steers? Twice during the winter, you can manually increase the temperature if you feel that the radiators are no longer giving enough heat to the house.

In general, it is a pity that there is no plate from the manufacturer with the ideal calculated coolant for each boiler. In order to sharpen all CO under this temperature.

Once again - I’m finally a teapot and I don’t pretend to be anything, I understood the topic for only a few hours. But I know for sure that there is very little information on this topic and I will be glad if this thread serves as a starting point for discussion, even if I'm wrong on all counts.

After installing the heating system, it is necessary to adjust the temperature regime. This procedure must be carried out in accordance with existing standards.

The requirements for the temperature of the coolant are set out in normative documents that establish the design, installation and use engineering systems residential and public buildings. They are described in the State building codes and regulations:

• DBN (B. 2.5-39 Heat networks);
• SNiP 2.04.05 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning".

For the calculated temperature of the water in the supply, the figure is taken that is equal to the temperature of the water at the outlet of the boiler, according to its passport data.

For individual heating, it is necessary to decide what the temperature of the coolant should be, taking into account such factors:

1. The beginning and end of the heating season according to the average daily temperature outside +8 ° C for 3 days;
2. The average temperature inside heated premises of housing and communal and public importance should be 20 ° C, and for industrial buildings 16 ° C;
3. The average design temperature must comply with the requirements of DBN V.2.2-10, DBN V.2.2.-4, DSanPiN 5.5.2.008, SP No. 3231-85.

According to SNiP 2.04.05 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning" (clause 3.20), the coolant limit values ​​are as follows:

Depending on external factors, the water temperature in the heating system can be from 30 to 90 °C. When heated above 90 ° C, dust begins to decompose and paintwork. For these reasons, sanitary standards prohibit more heating.

To calculate the optimal indicators, special graphs and tables can be used, in which the norms are determined depending on the season:

• With an average value outside the window of 0 °С, the supply for radiators with different wiring is set at a level of 40 to 45 °С, and the return temperature is from 35 to 38 °С;
• At -20 °С, the supply is heated from 67 to 77 °С, while the return rate should be from 53 to 55 °С;
• At -40 ° C outside the window for all heating devices set the maximum allowable values. At the supply it is from 95 to 105 ° C, and at the return - 70 ° C.

Optimal values ​​in an individual heating system

Autonomous heating helps to avoid many problems that arise with a centralized network, and the optimal temperature of the coolant can be adjusted according to the season. In the case of individual heating, the concept of norm includes the heat transfer of a heating device per unit area of ​​​​the room where this device is located. The thermal regime in this situation is provided by the design features of the heating devices.

It is important to ensure that the heat carrier in the network does not cool below 70 ° C. 80 °C is considered optimal. It is easier to control heating with a gas boiler, because manufacturers limit the possibility of heating the coolant to 90 ° C. Using sensors to adjust the gas supply, the heating of the coolant can be controlled.

It is a little more difficult with solid fuel devices, they do not regulate the heating of the liquid, and can easily turn it into steam. And it is impossible to reduce the heat from coal or wood by turning the knob in such a situation. At the same time, the control of heating of the coolant is rather conditional with high errors and is performed by rotary thermostats and mechanical dampers.

Electric boilers allow you to smoothly adjust the heating of the coolant from 30 to 90 ° C. They are equipped with an excellent overheating protection system.

One-pipe and two-pipe lines

The design features of a single-pipe and two-pipe heating network determine different standards for heating the coolant.

For example, for a single-pipe line, the maximum rate is 105 ° C, and for a two-pipe line - 95 ° C, while the difference between the return and supply should be, respectively: 105 - 70 ° C and 95 - 70 ° C.

Matching the temperature of the heat carrier and the boiler

Regulators help to coordinate the temperature of the coolant and the boiler. These are devices that create automatic control and correction of the return and supply temperatures.

The return temperature depends on the amount of liquid passing through it. The regulators cover the liquid supply and increase the difference between the return and supply to the level that is needed, and the necessary pointers are installed on the sensor.

If it is necessary to increase the flow, then a boost pump can be added to the network, which is controlled by a regulator. To reduce the heating of the supply, a “cold start” is used: that part of the liquid that has passed through the network is again transferred from the return to the inlet.

The regulator redistributes the supply and return flows according to the data taken by the sensor, and ensures strict temperature standards for the heating network.

Ways to reduce heat loss

The above information will help to be used for the correct calculation of the coolant temperature norm and will tell you how to determine the situations when you need to use the regulator.

But it is important to remember that the temperature in the room is affected not only by the temperature of the coolant, outdoor air and wind strength. The degree of insulation of the facade, doors and windows in the house should also be taken into account.

To reduce the heat loss of housing, you need to worry about its maximum thermal insulation. Insulated walls, sealed doors, metal-plastic windows help reduce heat loss. It will also reduce heating costs.

05.09.2018

They are almost never equipped with circulation pumps, a safety group, adjustment and control devices. Everyone solves these issues on their own, choosing a heating device piping scheme in accordance with the type and features of the heating system. Not only the efficiency and productivity of heating, but also its reliable, trouble-free operation depends on how correctly the installation of the heat generator is carried out. That is why it is important to include components and devices in the circuit that will ensure the durability of the heating unit and its protection in case of emergency. In addition, when installing a solid fuel boiler, you should not give up equipment that creates additional convenience and comfort. With the help of a heat accumulator, it is possible to solve the problem of temperature differences during the reboot of the boiler, and an indirect heating boiler will provide the house with hot water. Thinking about connecting a solid fuel heating unit in accordance with all the rules? We will help you with this!

However, if the rooms warm up afterwards, hydraulic adjustment is recommended in connection with the renewal of the heating system. The hydraulic adjustment is especially useful when using condensing boilers. These devices only operate at their best possible efficiency if the return temperature is below the temperature at which water condenses from the boiler flue gas. Special cases are single pipe systems heating, especially in apartment buildings, as well as buildings with underfloor heating or mixed floor heating and radiator heating.

Typical piping schemes for solid fuel boilers

The complexity of controlling the combustion process in solid fuel boilers leads to a large inertia of the heating system, which negatively affects the convenience and safety during operation. The situation is further complicated by the fact that the efficiency of units of this type directly depends on the temperature of the coolant. For effective work heating, the piping must ensure the temperature of the heating agent in the range of 60 - 65 ° C. Of course, if the equipment is not properly integrated, such heating at a positive temperature "overboard" will be very uncomfortable and uneconomical. In addition, the full operation of the heat generator depends on a number of additional factors - such as heating system, the number of circuits, the presence of additional energy consumers, etc. The strapping schemes presented below take into account the most common cases. If none of them meets your requirements, then knowledge of the principles and features of the structure of heating systems will help in the development of an individual project.

Hydraulic regulation can also be carried out using these heating systems in principle, but is usually associated with much higher costs. Precise definition characteristics of the heating system boiler is possible only if the heat loss of the structural furnace can be relatively labor intensive. This calculation of heat load ≡ Heating load ≡ Heating load is the heating power that must be constantly supplied to the room in order to maintain the temperature in the space, therefore it must be as large as the sum of heat loss from conduction and ventilation.

Open type system with natural circulation in a private house First of all, it should be noted that open systems of gravity type are considered the most suitable for solid fuel boilers. This is due to the fact that even in emergency cases associated with a sharp increase in temperature and pressure, heating is likely to remain airtight and efficient. It is also important that the functionality of the heating equipment does not depend on the availability of power. Considering that wood-fired boilers are installed not in megacities, but in areas remote from the benefits of civilization, this factor will not seem so insignificant to you. Of course, this scheme is not without drawbacks, the main of which are:

The assessment should be made on the basis of understandable rules, for example, according to comparable values ​​for rooms from previous years or comparable rooms in the relevant reporting period. In this case, all heating costs are distributed according to a fixed scale, usually a square meter. by experience. Calculation regulation.

What is the required boiler capacity? For example, with the help of subsequent thermal insulation ≡ Thermal insulation≡ Thermal insulation reduces heat flow from the hot to cold side of the component. For this purpose, substances with low thermal conductivity are introduced as a layer between hot and cold. An important water retention is achieved with the help of a vacuum. In addition, sleeping air retains heat flow very well.

• free access of oxygen to the system, which causes internal corrosion of pipes;
• the need to replenish the coolant level due to its evaporation;
• uneven temperature of the heat agent at the beginning and at the end of each circuit.

layer of any mineral oil 1 - 2 cm thick, poured into the expansion tank, will prevent oxygen from entering the coolant and reduce the rate of evaporation of the liquid. Despite the shortcomings, the gravitational scheme is very popular due to its simplicity, reliability and low cost.

Re-evaluation is not detrimental to oil or gas condensing boilers and may even make sense in some cases. For low temperature boilers ≡ Low temperature boilers ≡ A low temperature boiler is a boiler that can also be used in continuous operation with a low heating water inlet temperature of 35 to 40 degrees Celsius and in which this can lead to condensation in the exhaust gases containing water vapor. The standard usage rate of the low temperature boiler is over 90%.

Condensing heaters achieve an even higher standard efficiency of 100%. over-measurement should be avoided. To ensure the safe removal of exhaust gases from the heating system, the heating and the chimney must match each other. Previously, the interaction between the boiler and the chimney was much less important. The adaptation of the chimney to the boiler was in the background. The high flue gas temperatures of the boilers at that time also ensured that the flue gases were discharged without damage, even in the case of large chimney cross-sections, and the chimney was dry.

When deciding to carry out installation in this way, please note that for normal circulation of the coolant, the boiler inlet must be at least 0.5 m below the heating radiators. The supply and return pipes must have slopes for normal circulation of the coolant. In addition, it is important to correctly calculate the hydrodynamic resistance of all branches of the system, and in the design process, try to reduce the number of shut-off and control valves. The correct operation of the system with natural circulation of the coolant also depends on the installation location of the expansion tank - it must be connected at the highest point.

However, the exhaust gases of modern low-temperature and condensing boilers have very low temperatures due to energy-saving operation. In addition, when replacing an old boiler, the rated heat output of the boiler is adapted to the actual, possibly reduced heat load of the building. This usually results in reduced performance compared to an older boiler with a larger size. Due to the existing chimney, significantly lower exhaust gas volumes with lower exhaust gas temperatures will be transferred after the replacement of the old boiler.

Closed system with natural circulation

Installing a membrane-type expansion tank on the return line will avoid harmful effects oxygen and eliminate the need to control the level of the coolant. When deciding to equip the gravity system with a hermetic expansion tank, consider the following points:

Why are chimneys damp? The hot exhaust gas that exits the combustion chamber of the boiler contains water vapor. If this exhaust gas is cooled to a certain temperature, water vapor becomes water and is deposited on cooler surfaces. The temperature of the flue gases in the humidified chimneys must be high enough to prevent condensation in the chimney, otherwise this could lead to moisture penetration or.

The relevant standards and building codes require precise coordination of the exhaust system with the heat source. The chimney must be planned and constructed in such a way that exhaust gases can be removed without mechanical assistance and avoid damage to the chimney or building.

• the capacity of the membrane tank must contain at least 10% of the volume of the entire coolant;
• a safety valve must be installed on the supply pipe;
• the highest point of the system must be equipped with an air vent.

Additional devices that are included in the boiler safety group (safety valve and air vent) will have to be purchased separately - manufacturers very rarely complete units with such devices. The safety valve allows the coolant to be discharged if the pressure in the system exceeds a critical value. The normal working indicator is considered to be a pressure from 1.5 to 2 atm. The emergency valve is set to 3 atm.

The following requirements for the flue system must be observed. If the chimney is located on an outside wall, there is a risk that the exhaust gas will not get the necessary thermal buoyancy and that water vapor will condense on the chimney walls. In many cases, the existing chimney will be replaced by the aforementioned chimney. no longer meet the requirements.

Every year, the chimney cleaner confirms good exhaust gas values. "What else do you need?", you may wonder. "A whole lot" is our answer. More energy and save more money for the environment, more comfort, more operational security, learn more to trust the future security. The deflection of the chimney determines whether the quality of combustion and the loss of exhaust gases during burner operation comply with legal requirements. He checks if the pipe is working and the system is safe.

Features of systems with forced movement of the coolant

In order to equalize the temperature in all areas, a circulation pump is integrated into a closed heating system. Since this unit can provide forced movement of the coolant, the requirements for the installation level of the boiler and compliance with slopes become negligible. However, you should not give up the autonomy of natural heating. If a bypass branch called a bypass is installed at the outlet of the boiler, then in the event of a power outage, the circulation of the heating agent will be provided by gravity forces.

Even if he reassures you of ideal values, it doesn't make much difference to the economy of your system. After all, the old boiler has to work constantly with a high temperature. all year round. Especially during the transitional months or even in summer when the boiler is only needed for heating drinking water, high cooling and/or heat is generated, which is generally much higher than the flue gas loss measured as it passes through the chimney.

Not so with a new boiler. Here, the boiler water temperature is automatically adjusted to the appropriate outside temperature. If heat is not required, they will even turn off completely. If the boiler is 10 years old or more, then it is worth dealing with a new heating system. The new system saves up to 30% of energy and costs. You have a clear plus in comfort, work safety, environmental protection and safety in order to further comply with legal requirements.

The electric pump is installed on the return line, between the expansion tank and the inlet fitting. Due to the low temperature of the coolant, the pump operates in a more gentle mode, which increases its durability. The installation of a circulation unit on the return is also necessary for safety reasons. When water boils in the boiler, the formation of steam is possible, the entry of which into the centrifugal pump is fraught with a complete cessation of the movement of the liquid, which can lead to an accident. If the device is installed at the inlet to the heat generator, then it will be able to circulate the coolant even in the event of emergency situations.

Operational safety: Heating is required only when required

Of course, it would be exaggerated to think that your old heating system will give up its spirit in the coming days with a big blow. No, if she does, she will probably do it quietly and calmly - without warning. In any case, you can show new materials and features without any obligation in our showrooms.

Operating costs: is this what he wants?

you will notice high efficiency and a long boiler life that is easy to maintain. How much is your oil and gas worth, check your bill regularly. It is not easy to see if your heating system is economically viable. Perhaps it even generates heat where no one is needed: Or it's just oversized.

Connection via manifolds

If it is required to connect several parallel branches with radiators, a water heated floor, etc. to a solid fuel boiler, then balancing the circuits is required, otherwise the coolant will follow the path of least resistance, and the rest of the system will remain cold. For this purpose, one or more collectors (combs) are installed at the outlet of the heating unit - distribution devices with one input and several outputs. Installation of combs opens up wide opportunities for connecting several circulation pumps, allows you to supply a heat agent of the same temperature to consumers and regulate its supply. The only disadvantage of this type of strapping can be considered a complication of the design and an increase in the cost of the heating system.

The development of harmful exhaust gases is closely related to consumption and use. Boilers that consume a lot also produce a lot of exhaust gases. Key words: forest death, greenhouse effect. Old boilers consume about a third of the fuel and produce more than 60 percent of pollutants than new boilers.

New burners with modern technology have particularly economical combustion with favorable values, so that they still do not meet the requirements of the Blue Angel environmental label and the Swiss Air Pollution Regulation.

A separate case of collector piping is a connection with a hydraulic arrow. Its difference from a conventional collector lies in the fact that this device acts as a kind of intermediary between the heating boiler and consumers. Made in the form of a pipe large diameter, the hydraulic arrow is installed vertically and connected to the inlet and pressure pipes of the boiler. At the same time, the insertion of consumers is done at different heights, which allows you to choose the optimal temperature for each circuit.

Operational safety, cost, environment, ease of use. You may be thinking: “Yes, such a modern heater that I already liked.” And you might also think: But it's worth it again. After all, it's not just about buying the purchase price. Then the account looks completely different.

Then you could say, "I can't put off that much." Be sure to have this account set up for your home by a specialist. He also knows funding, for example, for solar and condensing technology. What is a return? Where and why is the technology used? How is backflow increased? What are the benefits of an efficient heating system?

Installation of emergency and control systems

Alarm and control systems serve several purposes:

• protection of the system from depressurization in the event of an uncontrolled increase in pressure;
• temperature control of individual circuits;
• protection of the boiler against overheating;
• prevention of condensation processes associated with a large difference in supply and return temperatures.

To solve the problems of system safety, a safety valve, an emergency heat exchanger or a natural circulation circuit are introduced into the piping scheme. As for the issues of regulating the temperature of the heat agent, thermostatic and controlled valves are used for this purpose.

Modern heating systems only work optimally when certain operating temperatures are not exceeded or exceeded. To prevent excessive cooling of the return, use a so-called return lift. We explain to you in this article what it is with a rollback and how to implement it technically. You will also find out which heating systems have a reverse rise and which do not.

Free 5 suggestions for your new heater inquiry

Functional implementation of backflow lifting

Trim with a three-way valve.

A solid fuel boiler is a heating unit of periodic operation, therefore it is at risk of corrosion due to condensate that falls on its walls during heating. This is due to the ingress of too cold coolant from the return into the heat exchanger of the heating unit. The danger of this factor can be eliminated with the help of a three-way valve. This device is an adjustable valve with two inlets and one outlet. On a signal from the temperature sensor, the three-way valve opens the hot coolant supply channel to the boiler inlet, preventing the occurrence of a dew point. As soon as the heating unit enters the operating mode, the liquid supply in a small circle stops.

Therefore, in the heat exchanger flow and return flow with a lower temperature difference. The higher temperature of the return flow, which rises in this way, has positive influence to the operation of the heating system, so that it can function optimally. Optimal working temperature depends on the fuel burned, more precisely on the so-called flue gas dew point.

At the same time, back-up lift is used to counteract damage that can occur, for example, when gases that accumulate during fuel combustion are heated to cool and condense. Condensation can damage the system because it causes effects such as pitting. Temperature differences can also cause stress leading to cracking.

A fairly common mistake is to install a centrifugal pump before a three-way valve. Naturally, when closed valve there can be no talk of any circulation of fluid in the system. It will be correct to install the pump after the adjusting device. The three-way valve can also be used to control the temperature of the heating agent supplied to the consumers. In this case, the device is set to work in the other direction, mixing cold coolant from the return to the supply.

Scheme with buffer capacity

The low controllability of solid fuel boilers requires constant monitoring of the amount of firewood and draft, which significantly reduces the convenience of their operation. To load more fuel and at the same time not to worry about the possible boiling of the liquid will allow the installation of a buffer tank (heat accumulator). This device is a sealed tank that separates the heating unit from consumers. Due to the large volume, the buffer tank can accumulate excess heat and release it to radiators as needed. The mixing unit, which uses the same three-way valve, will help to adjust the temperature of the liquid coming from the heat accumulator.

Strapping elements that ensure the safety of the heating system

Except safety valve, which was mentioned above, the protection of the heating unit from overheating is solved using an emergency circuit, through which cold water is supplied to the heat exchanger from the water supply. Depending on the design of the boiler, the coolant can be supplied directly to the heat exchanger or a special coil installed in the working chamber of the unit. By the way, it is the latter option that is the only possible one for systems filled with antifreeze. Water supply is carried out using a three-way valve, which is controlled by a sensor installed inside the heat exchanger. The discharge of the "waste" liquid occurs through a special line connected to the sewer.

Boiler connection diagram indirect heating

The piping with the connection of a boiler for hot water supply can be used for heating systems of all types. To do this, a special heat-insulated container (boiler) is connected to the water supply and DHW system, and a coil is installed inside the water heater, which is cut into the heating agent supply line. Passing along this circuit, the hot coolant gives off heat to the water. Often, an indirect heating boiler is also equipped with heating elements, thanks to which it becomes possible to receive hot water in the warm season.

Correct installation solid fuel boiler in a closed heating system

A huge advantage of solid fuel boilers is that no permits are required for their installation. Installation is quite possible to carry out with your own hands, especially since this does not require any special tools or special knowledge. The main thing is to approach the work responsibly and observe the sequence of all stages.

Boiler room arrangement. The disadvantage of heating units used for burning wood and coal is the need for a special, well-ventilated room. Of course, it would be possible to install a boiler in the kitchen or bathroom, however, the periodic emission of smoke and soot, dirt from fuel and combustion products make this idea unsuitable for implementation. In addition, the installation of burning equipment in living rooms is also unsafe - the release of fumes can lead to tragedy. When installing a heat generator in a boiler room, several rules are observed:

• the distance from the furnace door to the wall must be at least 1 m;
• ventilation ducts must be installed at a distance not higher than 50 cm from the floor and not lower than 40 cm from the ceiling;
• the room should not contain fuel, lubricants and flammable substances and objects;
• the base platform in front of the ash pan is protected with a metal sheet measuring at least 0.5x0.7 m.

In addition, at the installation site of the boiler, an opening is provided for the chimney, which is brought out. Manufacturers indicate the configuration and dimensions of the chimney in technical passport, so there is no need to invent anything. Of course, if the need arises, then the requirements of the documentation can be deviated, however, in any case, the channel for the removal of combustion products should provide excellent traction in any weather. When installing a chimney, all joints and cracks are sealed with sealing materials, and windows are also provided for cleaning the channels from soot and a condensate trap.

Preparing to install the heating unit

Before installing the boiler, choose a piping scheme, calculate the length and diameter of the pipelines, the number of radiators, the type and number additional equipment and shutoff and control valves. Despite all the variety of design solutions, experts recommend choosing combined heating, which can provide forced and natural circulation of the coolant. Therefore, when calculating, it is necessary to consider how a parallel section of the supply pipeline (bypass) with a centrifugal pump will be installed and provide for the slopes necessary for the operation of the gravity system. Do not give up on the buffer capacity. Of course, its installation will entail additional costs. However, this type of accumulator will be able to even out the temperature curve, and one bookmark of fuel will last for a longer time.

A solid fuel boiler with an additional circuit, which is used for hot water supply, will provide special comfort. Given the fact that due to the installation of a solid fuel unit in a separate room, the length of the DHW circuit increases significantly, an additional circulation pump is mounted on it. This will eliminate the need to drain cold water while waiting for hot water to come out. Before installing the boiler, it is imperative to provide a place for the expansion tank and do not forget about devices designed to reduce pressure in the system in critical situations. A simple strapping scheme that can be used as a working draft is shown in our figure. It integrates all the equipment discussed above and ensures its correct and trouble-free operation.

Installation and connection of a solid fuel heat generator

After carrying out all the necessary calculations and preparation of equipment and materials, installation begins.

• Install in place, level and fix the heating unit, after which a chimney is connected to it.

• They fix heating radiators, install a heat accumulator and an expansion tank.

• Mount the supply pipeline and bypass, on which the circulation pump is installed. On both sections (straight and bypass) install Ball Valves so that the coolant can be transported by forced or natural means. We remind you that a centrifugal pump can only be installed with the correct orientation of the shaft, which must be in a horizontal plane. The manufacturer indicates the schemes of all possible mounting options in the instructions for the product.

• The pressure line is connected to a heat accumulator. I must say that both the inlet and outlet pipes of the buffer tank must be installed in its upper part. Due to this, the number warm water in the tank will not affect the readiness of the heating circuit. Be sure to note the fact that the cooling of the boiler during the reboot period will reduce the temperature in the system. This is due to the fact that at this time the heat generator will work as an air heat exchanger, transferring heat from the heating system to the chimney. To eliminate this shortcoming, separate circulation pumps are installed in the boiler and heating circuits. By placing a thermocouple in the combustion zone, it is possible to stop the movement of the coolant through the boiler circuit when the fire is extinguished.

• A safety valve and an air vent are installed on the supply line.

• They connect the emergency circuit of the boiler or install shut-off and control valves, which, when water boils, will open the line for its discharge into the sewer and the channel for supplying cold liquid from the water supply.

• Mount the return pipeline from the heat accumulator to the heating unit. Before the inlet pipe of the boiler, a circulation pump, a three-way valve and a sump filter are installed.

• Separately, an expansion tank is mounted on the return pipeline. Note! On pipelines that are connected to protection devices, stop valves are not installed. These areas should have as few connections as possible.

• The upper outlet of the heat storage tank is connected to a three-way valve and circulation pump heating circuit, after which the radiators are connected and the return pipeline is mounted.

• After connecting the main circuits, they begin to equip the hot water supply system. If the heat exchanger coil is built into the boiler, then it will be enough just to connect the inlet to the corresponding pipes for cold water and access to the "hot" highway. When installing a separate indirect water heater, a circuit with an additional circulation pump or a three-way valve is used. In both cases, at the inlet of the cold water supply, check valve. It will block the path for the heated liquid to the "cold" water supply.

• Some solid fuel boilers are equipped with a draft regulator, the work of which is to reduce the flow area of ​​the blower. Due to this, the air flow into the combustion zone is reduced and its intensity, and, accordingly, the temperature of the coolant decreases. If the heating unit has such a design, then they mount and adjust the drive of the air damper mechanism.

The places of all threaded connections must be carefully sealed with sanitary flax and a special non-drying paste. After installation is completed, the coolant is poured into the system, turned on at full power centrifugal pumps and carefully inspect all connections for leaks. After making sure that there are no leaks, they kindle the boiler and check the operation of all circuits at maximum modes.

Features of the integration of a solid fuel unit into an open heating system

The main feature of open heating systems is the contact of the coolant with atmospheric air, which occurs with the participation of an expansion tank. This capacity is designed to compensate for the thermal expansion of the coolant, which occurs when it is heated. The expander is cut in at the highest point of the system, and in order to prevent hot liquid from flooding the room when the tank overflows, a drain pipe is connected to its upper part, the second end of which is led into the sewer.

The large volume of the tank forces it to be installed in the attic, so you will need additional insulation expander and the pipes that fit it, otherwise they may freeze in winter. In addition, it must be remembered that this element is part of the heating system, so its heat loss will lead to a decrease in temperature in the radiators. Since the open system is not hermetic, there is no need to install a safety valve and connect emergency circuits. When the coolant boils, the pressure will be released through the expansion tank.

Special attention should be paid to pipelines. Since the water in them will flow by gravity, the circulation will be influenced by the diameter of the pipes and the hydraulic resistance in the system. The last factor depends on turns, narrowings, level drops, etc., so their number should be minimal. In order to initially give the water flow the necessary potential energy, a vertical riser is mounted at the outlet of the boiler. The higher the water can rise along it, the higher the coolant speed will be and the faster the radiators will warm up. For the same purpose, the return inlet must be located at the lowest point of the heating system.

Finally, I would like to note that in open systems it is preferable to use not antifreeze, but water. This is due to a higher viscosity, reduced heat capacity and rapid aging of the substance in contact with air. As for water, it is best to soften it and, if possible, never drain it. This will increase the service life of pipelines, radiators, heat generators and other heating equipment several times.

Solid fuel boiler piping - Emergency cooling valve

3. Protection against low temperature of the coolant in the "return" of the solid fuel boiler.

What will happen to a solid fuel boiler if its “return” temperature is below 50 °C? The answer is simple - a resinous coating will appear on the entire surface of the heat exchanger. This phenomenon will reduce the performance of your boiler, make it much more difficult to clean and, most importantly, can lead to chemical damage to the walls of the boiler heat exchanger. To prevent such a problem, it is necessary to provide appropriate equipment when installing a heating system with a solid fuel boiler.

The task is to ensure the temperature of the coolant that returns to the boiler from the heating system at a level not lower than 50 °C. It is at this temperature that the water vapor contained in the flue gases of a solid fuel boiler begins to condense on the walls of the heat exchanger (transition from a gaseous state to a liquid state). The transition temperature is called the "dew point". The condensation temperature directly depends on the moisture content of the fuel and the amount of hydrogen and sulfur formations in the combustion products. As a result of a chemical reaction, iron sulfate is obtained - a substance useful in many industries, but not in a solid fuel boiler. Therefore, it is quite natural that the manufacturers of many solid fuel boilers remove the boiler from the guarantee in the absence of a return water heating system. After all, here we are not dealing with the burning of metal at high temperatures, but with chemical reactions, under which no boiler steel can withstand.

The simplest solution to the low return temperature problem is to use a thermal three-way valve (anti-condensation thermostatic mixing valve) . The thermal anti-condensation valve is a thermomechanical three-way valve that ensures the admixture of the coolant between the primary (boiler) circuit and the coolant from the heating system in order to achieve a fixed temperature of the boiler water. In fact, the valve lets the unheated coolant through a small circle and the boiler heats itself. After reaching the set temperature, the valve automatically opens the access of the coolant to the heating system and works until the return temperature drops below the set values ​​again.

Solid fuel boiler piping - Anti-condensation valve

4. Protection of the heating system of a solid fuel boiler from operation without a coolant.

The operation of the boiler without a coolant is strictly prohibited by all manufacturers of solid fuel boilers. Moreover, the coolant in the heating system must always be under a certain pressure, which depends on your heating system. When the pressure in the system drops, the user opens the valve and fills the system up to a certain pressure.

In this case, there is a "human factor", which may well make mistakes. You can solve this issue with the help of automation.
Automatic make-up installation - a device that is adjusted to a certain pressure and connected to an open water tap. In the event of a pressure drop, the process of filling the system to the desired pressure will occur fully automatically.

For everything to work correctly, some conditions must be met when installing the automatic make-up valve:
- it is necessary to mount the automatic make-up valve at the lowest point of the heating system;
- during installation, it is imperative to leave access for cleaning or possible replacement of the valve;
- water from the water supply must be constantly supplied to the valve with pressure, and the water supply tap and the make-up valve must always be open.

Solid fuel boiler piping - Automatic make-up valve

5. Removal of air from the heating system of the solid fuel boiler.

The air in the heating system can cause a number of problems: poor circulation of the coolant or its absence, noise during pump operation, corrosion of radiators or elements of the heating system. To avoid this, it is necessary to bleed air from the system. There are two ways for this - the first one manually - we think over the installation of cranes at the highest point of the system and on the lifting sections and periodically pass these cranes, releasing air. The second way is to install an automatic air release valve. The principle of its operation is simple - when there is no air in the system, the valve is filled with water and the float is located at the top of the valve, and, through a hinged lever, seals the air outlet valve.

When air enters the valve chamber, the water level in the valve drops, the float moves down and through the articulated arm opens the air outlet on the outlet valve. As air escapes from the chamber, the water level rises and the valve returns to its upper position.

We have already described the device of the boiler safety group above when we talked about protection against high coolant pressure. Ideally, if you have installed a safety group, it has an automatic air release valve. Just make sure that the safety group is installed at the top of your heating system. If not, we recommend installing a separate automatic air release valve and permanently solve the problem of finding air pockets in your heating system.

Solid fuel boiler piping - Automatic air release valve