Features of the genre and composition of the poem by N.V. Gogol's Dead Souls. Features of the genre and composition of Gogol's poem "Dead Souls". Artistic features of the poem

FEATURES OF THE GENRE AND COMPOSITION OF N. V. GOGOL'S POEM "DEAD SOULS". ARTISTIC FEATURES OF THE POEM 5.00 /5 (100.00%) 1 vote

From the very beginning of writing
sti dreamed of writing a work, in
"which would be the whole of Russia." It must
was to be a grandiose description of life and
in Russia in the first third of the 19th century. So
the work was the poem "Dead Spirits"
shi", written in 1842. First edition
the book was called "The Adventures of Chichikov,
or Dead Souls. This name is reduced
lo the true meaning of the work, translating
led him into the realm of the adventure novel. Go-
the goal went for it for censorship reasons
niyam, wanting to publish a poem.
Why did he name his work
poem? The definition of the genre became clear
writer only at the last moment, - ra-
working on the manuscript, he says something about the poem,
it's about the novel.
To understand the features of the genre of the poem
"Dead souls", you can compare this pro-
edition with the "Divine Comedy" Dan-
those of the Renaissance poet. Her influence
felt in Gogol's poem. "Divine
comedy" consists of three parts. In the first
parts to Dante is the shadow of an ancient Roman
the poet Virgil, which accompanies the lyric
a heroic hero to hell; they go all the way,
a whole gallery appears before their eyes
sinners. The fantasy of the plot is not me-
Dante wants to reveal the theme of his homeland -
Italy. In fact, I wanted to show those
the same circles of hell, but the hell of Russia. Not without reason called
the poem "Dead Souls" ideologically
repents with the name of the first part of the poem Dan-
those "Divine Comedy", which is called
there is "Hell".
, along with satirical denial
eat, introduces an element that sings, creates
telny - the image of Russia. With this image
associated "high lyrical movement", which
which in the poem sometimes replaces the comedy
chess storytelling.
A significant place in the poem "The Dead
souls" take lyrical digressions and
insert episodes, which is typical for this
literary genre. They concern
the most acute Russian public issues
prosov. Author's thoughts on high appointment
man, about the fate of the Motherland and the people here
contrasted with the gloomy pictures of Russian
sky life.
So, let's go for the hero of the poem "Dead-
your souls "by Chichikov to the city of NN. From the first
same pages of the work we feel
the quality of the plot, since the reader cannot
can assume that after meeting Chichi-
kova with Manilov there will be meetings with Sobakevi-
than Nozdrev. The reader cannot guess
to think about what will happen at the end of the poem,
because all her characters are derived from
principle of gradation: one is worse than the other.
For example, Manilova, if we consider
it as a separate image cannot be perceived
mother as a positive hero (on
he has a book on his desk, open on one
same page, and his courtesy
tvorna: "Let me not let you"),
but compared to Plyushkin, Manilov
even wins a lot. However, in the center
attention put the box, so
how it is a kind of single
roan of all the characters. According to Gogol,
is the symbol of the "box man", in which
the idea of an indefatigable thirst for accumulated
evidence.
The theme of exposing the bureaucracy
dit through all the work of Gogol: it is
venn and the collection "Mirgorod", and comedies
"Inspector". In the poem "Dead Souls" she
intertwines with the theme of serfdom.
A special place in the poem is occupied by "The Tale
about Captain Kopeikin. She is not plot
associated with the poem, but of great importance
to reveal the ideological content
works. The form of the tale gives the story
life character: it denounces the under-
stats of the public life of Russia at all
levels..
The world of "dead souls" in the poem is counter-
staged lyrical image People's Ros-
this, about which he writes with love and
admiration. Behind scary world place-
kov and officials the writer felt the soul
Russian people, which he embodied in the image
rapidly rushing forward troika, collecting
the strength of Russia in itself: “Aren’t you, too,
Russia, that lively, unbeatable troika is not
sit down?"
So, we know that in our pro-
The piece depicts social ills
society. You should focus on how
the writer manages to do it. Firstly,
uses the techniques of social ty-
pizia. In the image of the gallery, place
kov skillfully combines the general and the individual.
Almost all of his characters are static, their
development not shown (this does not apply to
Plyushkin and Chichikov), we are almost nothing
We don't know about their past. This technique is
draws again that the manilovs, boxes
ki, sobakevichi, plushkins and there are dead
souls.
Uses to describe characters
your favorite trick - characterization
character through detail. It can be called
"genius of detail": so exactly the details from-
reflect the character and inner world of a person
zhey. What is worth, for example, a description of the house
Manilova! When Chichikov entered the estate
Manilov, he drew attention to the overgrown
English pond, on a rickety gazebo,
on desolation, on the wallpaper in the Manilo room
va - whether gray, or blue, on tight
tye matting two chairs, to which they never
reach the hands of the owner. These and other details
bring us to the main conclusion
by the author himself: “Neither this nor that, but the devil knows
what's happened!".
Let's remember Plyushkin, this "hole in the
humanity," who had even lost his gender.
He goes out to Chichikov in a greasy dressing gown,
with an unthinkable scarf on his head. Everywhere ca-
ryat dirt, disorder. Plyushkin personified
ryayet extreme degree of degradation, which pere-
is given through the details, through those little things in life
nor, which A.S. so admired. :
“No other writer has had this
the gift to expose so vividly the vulgarity of life,
to be able to outline in such force the vulgarity of
the logo of a person, so that all that little thing that
slips out of my eyes, would have flashed large in
everyone's eyes."
And still main topic poems are
the fate of Russia: its past, present and future
future. In the first volume, he gives pain
no attention to the past of the motherland. Conceived-
the second and third volumes given to them were to
tell about the present and future of Russia
these. This idea could be compared
with the second and third parts of the "Divine
comedies" Dante: "Purgatory" and "Paradise". One-
but these plans were not destined
come true: the second volume was unsuccessful in
idea, and the third was never written. Poet-
mu Chichikov's trip and remained a trip to
suspense.

A significant place in the poem "Dead Souls" is occupied by lyrical digressions and inserted episodes, which are characteristic of the poem as a literary genre. In them, Gogol touches on the most pressing social issues in Russia. The author's thoughts about the high purpose of man, about the fate of the Motherland and the people are contrasted here with the gloomy pictures of Russian life. From the very first pages of the work, his plot captivates us, since it cannot be assumed that after Chichikov's meeting with Manilov there will be meetings with Sobakevich and Nozdrev. We cannot guess what the end of the poem will be, since all the characters are united in it according to the principle of gradation: one is worse than the other. For example, Manilov, if considered as a separate image, cannot be perceived as a positive hero, since he has a book on the table, open on the same page, and his politeness is sugary-sweet. But, in comparison with Plyushkin, Manilov's character even wins in many respects. The focus of Gogol's attention is the image of Korobochka, since her character has much in common with other characters. According to Gogol, it is a symbol of the “box man”, which contains the idea of a restless desire for accumulation. Chichikov is also a “man is a box”, like other characters. It is this trait, inherent in most nobles, that has led them to degeneration. Hence the symbolism of the title of the poem - "Dead Souls".

The theme of exposing bureaucracy runs through all of Gogol's work: it occupies an important place both in the collection Mirgorod and in the comedy The Government Inspector. In the poem "Dead Souls" it is also intertwined with the theme of serfdom. An important role in the composition of the poem will be played by “The Tale of Captain Kopeikin”, since it is in it that M. V. Gogol boldly exposes state government. The world of "Dead Souls" in the poem is opposed by the lyrical image of people's Russia, about which Gogol writes with love and admiration. Talking about landlord and bureaucratic Russia, Gogol feels the soul of the Russian people well. A vivid evidence of this is the image of the trio, which is rapidly rushing forward. In her description, the author embodied the powerful forces of Russia, which someday will be able to do something new, progressive for their Motherland: “Are you, Rus, rushing like a fast troika that no one will ever overtake?..”.

And yet the main theme of the work is the fate of Russia: its past, present and future. In the first volume, Gogol revealed the theme of the Motherland's past. The second and third volumes he conceived were supposed to tell about the modern and future of Russia. This idea can be compared with the second and third parts of Dante's Divine Comedy - Purgatory and Paradise. However, these plans were not destined to come true: the idea of the second volume was not successful enough, and the third was never written. Therefore, Chichikov's trip remained a trip into the unknown: Gogol did not know what to think, what kind of future Russia: “Rus, where are you rushing to? Give an answer. Doesn't give an answer."

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Features of the genre and composition of Nikolai Gogol's poem "Dead Souls"

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N.V. Gogol wanted to write a work "in which all of Russia would appear." This work was supposed to be a grandiose description of the life and customs of Russia in the first third of the 19th century. They became the poem "Dead Souls", written in 1842. The first edition of the work was called "The Adventures of Chichikov, or Dead Souls." Such a name reduced the satirical meaning of this work. Gogol changed the title for censorship reasons, in order for the poem to be published.

Why did Gogol call his work a poem? This name, like the poem itself, is ambiguous. One of the meanings is quite realistic. The work is about a kind of population census: the enterprising businessman Chichikov buys up the names of those peasants who have died. In pre-revolutionary Russia, male peasants were called souls and assigned to some landowner. By acquiring non-existent people for himself, Chichikov involuntarily exposes the shaky and fragile foundation of the existing system. Already at least in this the satirical orientation of Gogol's poem is visible.

Along with the satirical denial of the ugliness of Russian life, the poem contains lyrical elements that glorify the beautiful image of Russia. This image is associated with a "high lyrical movement", which in the poem is replaced from time to time by a comic narrative.

The author's lyrical digressions and inserted episodes are very important in the poem "Dead Souls". In them, Gogol deals with the most pressing social issues in Russia. The author's thoughts about the high destiny of man, about the fate of the Fatherland and the people are in sharp contrast with the gloomy pictures of Russian reality.

So, let's go with the hero of the poem "Dead Souls" Chichikov to the city of N.

From the very first pages of the work, we feel the fascination of the plot, since we cannot assume that after the meeting of Chichikov with Manilov there will be meetings with Sobakevich and Nozdrev. The reader cannot even guess at the end of the poem, because all its characters are described according to the principle of gradation: one is worse than the other. For example, Manilov, as a separate image, does not seem to be a positive character (on the table he has a book open on the same page, and his politeness is insincere: “Let me not let you do this”), but compared to Plyushkin, he even wins in many ways . It is interesting that Gogol put the image of the Box in the center of the composition, because its features can be found in each of the landowners. According to the author, she is the personification of an irrepressible thirst for accumulation and acquisition.

To the world of landowners who are real dead souls in the poem, the lyrical image of people's Russia is contrasted, about which Gogol writes with love and admiration.

Very important in the poem is the image of a troika rapidly rushing forward. The trio of horses embodies the strength, prowess, recklessness of Russia: “Isn’t it you, Rus, that a lively, unbeatable trio are rushing?” But the troika is also a symbol of a wild ride that can take you to uncharted lands.

M. Gogol's poem "Dead Souls" is a complex work, it intertwines merciless satire, philosophical reflections on the fate of Russia, and subtle lyricism. The writer went to his masterpiece all his life, writing such original, original works as, for example, “Evenings on a farm near Dikanka”, “Mirgorod”, “Inspector”. To better understand the peculiarities of the Dead Souls genre, one should compare this work with the Divine Comedy by Dante, a poet of the Renaissance, whose influence is well felt in M. Gogol's poem. The Divine Comedy consists of three parts. In the first part, the shadow of the ancient Roman poet Virgil appears before the poet, who accompanies the lyrical hero to hell: they fall into all his circles, a whole gallery of sinners passes before their eyes. The fantasy of the plot does not prevent Dante from telling about his homeland - Italy, about her fate. Actually, Gogol conceived to show the same circles of hell, but the hell of Russia.
A significant place in the poem "Dead Souls" is occupied by lyrical digressions and inserted episodes, which are characteristic of the poem as a literary genre. In them, Gogol touches on the most pressing social issues in Russia. The author's thoughts about the high purpose of man, about the fate of the Motherland and the people are contrasted here with the gloomy pictures of Russian life. From the very first pages of the work, his plot captivates us, since it cannot be assumed that after Chichikov's meeting with Manilov there will be meetings with Sobakevich and Nozdrev. We cannot guess what the end of the poem will be, since all the characters are united in it according to the principle of gradation: one is worse than the other. For example, Manilov, if considered as a separate image, cannot be perceived as a positive hero, since he has a book on the table, open on the same page, and his politeness is sugary-sweet. But, in comparison with Plyushkin, Manilov's character even wins in many respects. The focus of Gogol's attention is the image of Korobochka, since her character has much in common with other characters. According to Gogol, it is a symbol of the “box man”, which contains the idea of a restless desire for accumulation. Chichikov is also a “man is a box”, like other characters. It is this trait, inherent in most nobles, that has led them to degeneration. Hence the symbolism of the title of the poem - "Dead Souls".
The theme of exposing bureaucracy runs through all of Gogol's work: it occupies an important place both in the collection Mirgorod and in the comedy The Government Inspector. In the poem "Dead Souls" it is also intertwined with the theme of serfdom. An important role in the composition of the poem will be played by The Tale of Captain Kopeikin, since it is in it that M.V. Gogol boldly exposes the state government. The world of "Dead Souls" in the poem is opposed by the lyrical image of people's Russia, about which Gogol writes with love and admiration. Talking about landlord and bureaucratic Russia, Gogol feels the soul of the Russian people well. A vivid evidence of this is the image of the trio, which is rapidly rushing forward. In her description, the author embodied the powerful forces of Russia, which someday will be able to do something new, progressive for their Motherland: “Are you, Rus, rushing like a fast troika that no one will ever overtake?..”.
And yet the main theme of the work is the fate of Russia: its past, present and future. In the first volume, Gogol revealed the theme of the Motherland's past. The second and third volumes he conceived were supposed to tell about the modern and future of Russia. This idea can be compared with the second and third parts of Dante's Divine Comedy - Purgatory and Paradise. However, these plans were not destined to come true: the idea of the second volume was not successful enough, and the third was never written. Therefore, Chichikov's trip remained a trip into the unknown: Gogol did not know what to think about what the future Russia would be like: “Rus, where are you rushing to? Give an answer. Doesn't give an answer."

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Features of the genre and composition of Nikolai Gogol's poem "Dead Souls"

Essays on Literature: Features of the genre and composition of Gogol's poem Dead Souls

Features of the genre and composition of Gogol's poem "Dead Souls". Artistic features of the poem Gogol had long dreamed of writing a work "in which all of Russia would appear." It was supposed to be a grandiose description of the life and customs of Russia in the first third of the 19th century. The poem "Dead Souls", written in 1842, became such a work. The first edition of the work was called "The Adventures of Chichikov, or Dead Souls." Such a name reduced the true meaning of this work, translated into the field of an adventure novel. Gogol did this for censorship reasons, in order for the poem to be published.

Why did Gogol call his work a poem? The definition of the genre became clear to the writer only at the last moment, since, while still working on the poem, Gogol calls it either a poem or a novel. To understand the features of the genre of the poem "Dead Souls", you can compare this work with the "Divine Comedy" by Dante, a poet of the Renaissance. Her influence is felt in Gogol's poem. The Divine Comedy consists of three parts. In the first part, the shadow of the ancient Roman poet Virgil appears to the poet, which accompanies the lyrical hero to hell, they go through all the circles, a whole gallery of sinners passes before their eyes. The fantasy of the plot does not prevent Dante from revealing the theme of his homeland - Italy, her fate. In fact, Gogol conceived to show the same circles of hell, but the hell of Russia. No wonder the title of the poem "Dead Souls" ideologically echoes the title of the first part of Dante's poem "The Divine Comedy", which is called "Hell".

Gogol, along with satirical denial, introduces an element glorifying, creative - the image of Russia. With this image is connected the "high lyrical movement", which in the poem sometimes replaces the comic narrative.

A significant place in the poem "Dead Souls" is occupied by lyrical digressions and inserted episodes, which is typical for the poem as a literary genre. In them, Gogol deals with the most pressing Russian social issues. The author's thoughts about the high purpose of man, about the fate of the Motherland and the people are contrasted here with the gloomy pictures of Russian life.

So, let's go for the hero of the poem "Dead Souls" Chichikov in N.

From the very first pages of the work, we feel the fascination of the plot, since the reader cannot assume that after the meeting of Chichikov with Manilov there will be meetings with Sobakevich and Nozdrev. The reader cannot guess about the end of the poem either, because all its characters are drawn according to the principle of gradation: one is worse than the other. For example, Manilov, if considered as a separate image, cannot be perceived as a positive hero (on the table he has a book open on the same page, and his courtesy is feigned: "Let me not allow you to do this>>), but in comparison with Plyushkin he even wins in many respects.However, Gogol put the image of the Box in the center of attention, since it is a kind of single beginning of all characters.According to Gogol, this is the symbol of the "box man", which contains the idea of an irrepressible thirst for hoarding.

The theme of exposing bureaucracy runs through all of Gogol's work: it stands out both in the Mirgorod collection and in the comedy The Inspector General. In the poem "Dead Souls" it is intertwined with the theme of serfdom.

A special place in the poem is occupied by "The Tale of Captain Kopeikin". It is plot-related to the poem, but has great importance to reveal the ideological content of the work. The form of the tale gives the story a vital character: it denounces the government.

The world of "dead souls" in the poem is opposed by the lyrical image of people's Russia, about which Gogol writes with love and admiration.

Behind the terrible world of landlord and bureaucratic Russia, Gogol felt the soul of the Russian people, which he expressed in the image of a rapidly rushing forward troika, embodying the forces of Russia: So, we settled on what Gogol depicts in his work. He portrays the social disease of society, but we should also dwell on how Gogol manages to do this.

First, Gogol uses the techniques of social typification. In the image of the gallery of landowners, he skillfully combines the general and the individual. Almost all of his characters are static, they do not develop (except for Plyushkin and Chichikov), they are captured by the author as a result. This technique emphasizes once again that all these Manilovs, Korobochki, Sobakevichs, Plyushkins are dead souls. To characterize his characters, Gogol also uses his favorite technique - the characterization of a character through a detail. Gogol can be called a "genius of detail", so precisely sometimes the details reflect the character and inner world of the character. What is worth, for example, the description of the estate and the house of Manilov! When Chichikov drove into the Manilov estate, he drew attention to the overgrown English pond, to the rickety gazebo, to the dirt and desolation, to the wallpaper in Manilov's room - either gray or blue, to two chairs covered with matting, which they never reach owner's hands. All these and many other details lead us to main feature, made by the author himself: "Neither this nor that, but the devil knows what it is!" Let's remember Plyushkin, this "hole in humanity", who even lost his gender.

He goes out to Chichikov in a greasy dressing gown, some unthinkable scarf on his head, everywhere desolation, dirt, dilapidation. Plushkin - an extreme degree of degradation. And all this is conveyed through a detail, through those little things in life that A. S. Pushkin so admired: “Not a single writer has ever had this gift to expose the vulgarity of life so vividly, to be able to outline the vulgarity of a vulgar person in such force that all that trifle , which escapes the eyes, would have flashed large in the eyes of everyone.

The main theme of the poem is the fate of Russia: its past, present and future. In the first volume, Gogol revealed the theme of the past of the motherland. The second and third volumes he conceived were to tell about the present and future of Russia. This idea can be compared with the second and third parts of Dante's Divine Comedy: Purgatory and Paradise. However, these plans were not destined to come true: the second volume was unsuccessful in concept, and the third was never written. Therefore, Chichikov's trip remained a trip into the unknown. Gogol was at a loss, thinking about the future of Russia: "Rus, where are you rushing to? Give me an answer! Doesn't give an answer."