Repair of the exterior walls of the house. Overhaul or redecoration of the facade. Siding facade repair

Facade repair

Facade renovation

Facade renovation- restoration or reconstruction of old coatings, as well as a complex of facade works to replace technologies for finishing the external walls of private houses, office buildings, industrial complexes and residential buildings.

We are not considering the option of new construction (you can read about technologies for creating facades of buildings on other pages of our site). Reconstruction of facades involves working with existing defects in the walls of the building, the consequences of poorly executed facade works, the results of the operation of the facade for a certain period of time.

The Bau-Group company identifies three main problems of the condition of the facade in need of reconstruction.

1. Poor performance of related work or improper use of the building.

   There are many harmful and aggressive factors affecting the condition of building facades. These are temperature fluctuations, frost and wind, ultraviolet light and oxides, exhaust gases and dirt, microorganisms, etc. The facade is "afraid" of water. Water destroys the facade quickly, and in combination with the weather conditions in Russia (numerous zero crossings) - even faster. Therefore, first of all, in order not to constantly repair the facade, it is necessary to ensure that there is no access of water to the facade of the building and to the inside of the system. We are not talking about "slanting rain". And we are talking about the roof, parapet covers, ebbs on eaves and window sills, impeccably executed waterproofing of the basement and the correct operation of the building in the winter, control over gutters, etc.

2. The quality of work is the quality of materials.

   Materials. Naturally, savings on materials will reduce the lifespan of the facade. But, from our point of view, this is not the main problem of repairing the facade of a cottage or an office building, although it is also significant. Because a professional will refuse to work with low-quality or "weak" material. We have extensive experience in the renovation of building facades. And this experience says - WE are responsible for everything. Even for the Customer. We don't want that, believe me. Imagine - how you can be responsible for the Customer, if he is a year old !!! mounts parapet covers, and the already mounted facade suffers, water enters it. Therefore, we simply do not undertake to work when the selected materials or technologies do not lead to a high-quality result. So this is not our object, not our Customer, not our philosophy.

3. The quality of work is the qualification of the builders.

   It is impossible to do perfectly well what you do not know how to do, or you rarely do.

   Interior specialists who believe that the repair of the facades of residential buildings and the repair of premises are one and the same, they drive internal nets, gypsum fillers into the facade system, confuse technologies, etc. Firms and teams that do not cope with the organization of work save on everything. They hire unskilled workers, do not have engineers and technicians on their staff, and they simply do not like this work, they do not know how, and most importantly, they do not want to waste time solving the problems that have arisen. Everyone has mistakes, it is almost impossible to take into account and foresee everything (try to take into account the coefficient of shrinkage of the building, if, during the examination of the facade, "curved" beacons are found in the basement of the house - not one system of facade insulation will not withstand, no matter how well you do it) - but the question in how we solve emerging problems, how we worry about the result of work, and how much effort we put into this.

   The brigades are able to do something, they know the front operation "A", but they forget the operation "B". And often they simply do not know the technology, they do on the facade what is prohibited by SNIPs.

4. Repair and decoration of facades - common mistakes and difficulties.

   The first paragraphs describe the main criteria that lead to negative results of construction work on the facades of buildings. To this we add the general trends in the construction industry:

   • weak or incorrect design decisions. For example, they put a decorative element on the facade of the house, but forget to protect it from above with an ebb. The decor will stand, but the dirt from the snow and rain from above will give a dark smudge on the facade. A trifle, but, unfortunately, often encountered.
   • the desire of customers to save money on facade work. There is enough money for the monolith, but on the facades, they begin to save. The facade goes at the end. There is no funding left.
   • difficult situations associated with the specifics of a particular object - building shrinkage, wind load, approaches to the organization of work by the customer's services, etc.

Repair types

Redecoration of facades- easy renewal of the "freshness" of the facade. To open cracks, putty and paint the facade. Sometimes, for a serious increase in the maintenance-free service life of the facade, it is possible to use certain processes from the SFTK technologies - the application of reinforcing reinforcing adhesives and finishing plasters.

Overhaul of house facades- complete redesign of the facade. Dismantling and repetition of old facade finishing technologies, but with the use of modern materials and a different quality, the production of construction work or the use of new technologies on the facades - insulation of facades with SFTK systems, hinged facades, reconstruction of facades with a change in the architectural appearance of the building. The type of repair is determined by the condition of the facade, the presence of damage.

The main stages of facade repair

1. Examination of the state of the facade.

   An important and responsible stage. Damage to the walls is revealed. The previous technologies and reasons affecting the quality of the facade operation are determined, which must be eliminated in the future.

   Design documentation helps to establish the used facade technologies of a particular building, understand the cake of the walls, determine the list of hidden works, suggest the use of specific materials. Unfortunately, customers often do not have documentation on the construction of facades for one reason or another. Therefore, it is necessary to involve additional expert organizations and research laboratories.

   At this stage, they also check the quality of the roof, drainage systems, parapet covers and ebbs, the work of related organizations (for example, air conditioning), and the work of operating organizations.

2. Determination of technologies, materials and architectural solutions for the renovation of the old facade and the creation of a new one.

   Based on the data of the examination and examination of the facade, the recommendations of technical specialists, the requirements of the Customers, technologies for the repair of the facades of residential and office buildings are determined. This can be work on the local elimination of comments, repetition of previous facade repair technologies, but with modern materials by a competent construction organization specializing only in facade repairs. Or the use of new technologies and solutions to create a different architectural facade. The choice of low-quality materials, inappropriate technologies, the replacement of design solutions, and simply - the lack of competence of the construction participants in the construction of a new facade or its repair - lead to a short facade service life.

3. Renovation of the facade of the house

All work on the repair of external walls and reconstruction must be carried out in accordance with the approved and agreed technical instructions, design solutions, Albums of technical solutions and the instructions of the supplier of materials. The entire process of facade work should be reflected in the work production log with the marks of the inspection services, technical supervision of the customer. Require all participants in the process (including customers) to perform the necessary operations (installation of windows, installation of roofs, parapets, provision of electricity, etc.).

Types of facade systems

Today, two main types of facade systems are widely represented on the market:

• Suspended facade insulation systems are structures with an air gap, consisting of cladding (porcelain stoneware, composites, fiber cement slabs, clinker, etc.) and a substructure, which is attached to the wall.
• Plastering heat-insulating facade systems - SFTK (wet facades).

The Bau-group company has been engaged in the production of facade works and plaster facades since 1998 - our specialization. We have extensive experience in the implementation of projects for the repair of facades, in the application of modern facade technologies at major renovation facilities. We are often invited to rescue and complete work for other contractors, when technologies are violated, the quality of work does not meet standards, deadlines are missed and a high-quality facade repair, completion of construction and commissioning of facades are required. We carry out our work with high quality within the agreed time frame and at the agreed cost.

Facade repair cost

Material

Work

Installation of the SFTC facade insulation system with a thin plaster layer (wet facade)

Material from 600 rubles.

Works 1200 - 1450 rubles.

Facade is the face of any house or building. Facades are finished with natural and artificial materials: plaster, brick, finishing stone, aluminum panels, porcelain stoneware slabs. Like all material objects, building materials have an expiration date, at the end of which the facade or part of it decays and becomes unusable: the decoration collapses, the attractiveness of the exterior is lost, falling off pieces of the facade layer pose a threat to human life and health. The state of the facade is influenced by the human factor: incorrect calculation of the bearing capacity of the walls, the use of low-quality materials, the saving of mortar or the lack of experience of the installers will lead to a deterioration in the quality of the facade coating.

Repair of the facades of a building is understood as a set of measures for assessing damage, preparing the surface, restoring the facade coating and engineering structures (drainage gutters). Repair happens:

1. decorative or flowing;
2. capital.

The first option is intended for partial restoration of the facade without interfering with the heat and waterproofing layers: the facade surfaces of houses that overlook the roadway darken from the soot of vehicle exhaust gases; gusts of wind tear off the decorative slabs of the ventilated facades, the surface of the painted panels burns out. The restoration of such minor defects is carried out during the current repair.

Overhaul is carried out when the facade is destroyed by more than a third, when working on redevelopment of buildings, erection of extensions, or after a complete change in the profile of the purpose of the building. During a major overhaul, the worn-out coating is completely removed, and a full range of repair, preparatory and installation work is carried out.

According to the current SNiP 3.04.01-87 (sanitary norms and rules), the current restoration is carried out at least once every 5 years, capital - at least once every 10 years.

Porcelain stoneware tiles

Porcelain stoneware tiles are a high-quality facing material with zero hygroscopicity, which is made from several types of clay with the addition of a dye and several natural minerals: quartz and spar. The tiles are attached to the wall of the building in two ways: by gluing with a special adhesive or installed on a system of profiles made of steel or aluminum. The large weight of the material requires an accurate calculation of the bearing capacity of the walls and a reliable foundation. The high-quality glue used in the first case will serve a long service life of the coating and prevent individual boards from falling out. If one or more slabs still peeled off, the entire facade is examined. If the gluing of porcelain stoneware was carried out with violations of technology or using low-quality glue, then a cosmetic or general repair of the entire facade is carried out, depending on the area of ​​the detected damage: the wall surface is cleaned of adhesive solution, cracks are repaired, the tiles are glued again using a high-quality adhesive mixture.

Repair of a ventilated facade from porcelain stoneware tiles is carried out:

1. in case of damage to the plates themselves as a result of the influence of extraneous factors: vandalism, from falling trees, as a result of an accident;
2. improper installation of the facade, due to which it does not fulfill its main function - to provide an air gap between the tile and the insulating layer.

In the first case, new slabs are installed to replace the damaged ones, in the second, the facade is disassembled to identify installation violations and their elimination, followed by the installation of the cladding.

Plaster

Plaster is an inexpensive, versatile material that is most often used for finishing the facades of houses. Its main positive qualities are low overall weight, a large selection of colors, ease of use and application to the surface of any building material.

Current repairs are carried out when the first signs of destruction of the coating appear: cracks, tar and bituminous spots, material delamination. Destruction sites are investigated by removing the plaster layer around the damaged areas to a firmly fixed layer using a construction tool. After that, sections of the walls are cleaned, cracks and other defects are repaired, a notch is applied, then a primer, a plaster mixture. Important points to consider when cosmetic restoration of plaster:

• gypsum mortar should not be applied to concrete;

• thickness of one layer of plaster mixture - no more than 3 cm;

• grouting is carried out 4-5 hours after the application of the mixture.

In the event that the total area of ​​destruction of the plaster cladding exceeds 30% of the wall surface, a major overhaul is carried out. It includes the complete removal of the old cladding, renovation, preparation and fabrication of the new cladding of the house.

Fiber cement slab facade repair

Fiber cement is an environmentally friendly, lightweight, durable and flexible material that is made in the form of slabs of lightweight cement with the addition of reinforcing cellulose fibers and fillers from natural minerals. Fiber cement slabs have the ability to vaporize, i.e. allow the walls of the building to "breathe", such material does not rot, is not destroyed by fungus or mold. Fiber cement slabs are used to equip ventilation facades and cladding houses with siding. Repair of facade surfaces made of fiber cement slabs is needed to restore aesthetics: washing and painting the slabs, replacing damaged fragments. Fiber cement slabs are used in the decoration of houses, therefore, for replacement or repair at a height, you cannot do without special equipment or climbers.

A natural stone

The decoration of the external walls with natural stone gives the building an original and memorable look. Natural stone has a significant weight and a relatively high price. For wall cladding, lime tuff, granite or marble are used. The first option is the lightest, easy to handle and trim. The method of facade cladding repair depends on the type of installation: the stone is fixed "dry" or "wet". Dry - arrangement of a ventilation facade made of slabs of natural polished stone, granite or marble. Wet method - gluing fragments of stone to the primed surface of the wall. For the successful installation of a stone with glue, several important rules must be observed:

• air temperature - up to -3 degrees Celsius;

• no direct sunlight;

• gluing from bottom to top;

• use glue to work with external surfaces;

• prime the wall thoroughly before starting work.

Failure to comply with the rules leads to the appearance of cracks in the seams of the cladding, delamination of parts of the coating, and the loss of stone fragments. During the repair, damaged areas are identified, part of the cladding is removed, the wall is being repaired, preparing for gluing the stone, and the facade is being installed.

Composite panels

1. dismantling of plates;
2. repair and preparation of walls;
3. laying an insulating layer;
4. installation of the coating.

At the same time, additional painting of the panels is carried out to improve the exterior of the building.

General repair of walls of a house made of natural stone

Overhaul with the use of stone finishes begins with the study of construction documentation and analysis of the walls: the possibility of the foundation and walls to withstand a large weight of the material is being studied. Then you need to choose the finishing material itself: the breed and structure. You need to decide on the fastening method, because the exterior of the building depends on this after the end of the cladding: gluing the stone on the wall will give the house an original look of a building made of natural material, the ventilation facade - the impressiveness and severity of the outlines of the building. The old coating is completely removed; when the material is glued, preparation of the working surface is of great importance. Ventfacad allows you to save time on leveling walls and removing minor defects: the vertical plane of the cladding is regulated by the height of the brackets for attaching the metal profile to the wall.

Repair of a residential building made of metal cassettes

The building with an exterior glass finish looks harmonious and modern. Glass is a tough, wear-resistant material that helps conserve heat and save on indoor lighting costs. Like any building material, glass needs repair. After several years of operation, water leaks, cold air from the connecting grooves, cracks, glazing chips appear. Common causes are wear of polymer seals, deformation of metal frame parts, frequent temperature changes, and the impact of other natural factors. During the repair work, damaged glazing elements and gaskets are replaced, additional insulation of joints and seams is made, the facade is washed and polished. At the request of the customer, it is possible to completely replace the glazing with better-quality panels that retain heat inside the room, allowing you to save on heating during cold periods.

Repair work stages

The whole range of measures for the restoration or replacement of the outer cladding of buildings can be divided into several stages:

1. Study and assessment of damage to the facade surface;
2. Revealing the bearing capacity of the walls;
3. Preparatory stage;
4. The choice of material and technology for the construction of cladding;
5. Facade coating installation.

At the first stage, specialists go to the building and conduct an external examination of the walls. Special devices are used to detect fungus, mold, and other contaminants that affect the appearance and development of defects. In some cases, the front surface is opened in several places for sampling. This is done to determine the quality composition of the finishing coating. A document is drawn up, which sets out the area and nature of the damage, indicating other information that is important for a preliminary assessment of the restoration work.

During a preliminary study, the study of design estimates is also carried out to determine the bearing capacity of the walls: certain types of finishes require increased strength of the walls and foundation due to the large total weight. Measuring devices reveal deviations of the walls from the vertical, bulging of individual sections. Cracks in the walls are measured and investigated: some defects can significantly affect the bearing capacity. The most dangerous are developing cracks and defects in the walls and lintels. In panel houses, the most common defects are panel displacement, corrosion of reinforcement and fasteners, destruction of insulating gaskets and seams.

At the stage of preparing surfaces for the construction of cladding, the following types of work are performed:

• removal of the original coating;

• sealing and repairing cracks, chips, destroyed wall elements;

• removal of dirt and dust;

• applying a primer in one or more layers.

All preparatory work is carried out during the overhaul of the cladding, the current repair of facade coatings using plaster or painted walls. Cosmetic restoration of ventilation facades does not affect the walls themselves and the insulating layer.

After studying the condition of the walls and foundation, you can proceed to the choice of material and technology for outdoor decoration. If the strength of the building allows, then the choice of materials is practically unlimited: porcelain stoneware, artificial and natural stone, panels from various materials - almost everything that fits into the budget. If the technical condition of the house does not allow the use of "heavy" stone and tiles, you should choose a finish using inexpensive but effective metal cassettes or composite panels: low cost combined with low weight will allow you to decorate the building in a modern style. For small budgets, plastering is suitable: a high-quality cladding will make the appearance of the building neat and attractive for a long time.

Facade installation is the most important part of the renovation. Compliance with all technical standards and requirements is an indispensable condition for the exterior finish to be beautiful and durable. To install the ventilation facade, a metal profile is used - aluminum or galvanized steel. To increase the strength, the profile is fixed horizontally and vertically. To work on high-rise buildings, special equipment (suspension systems) or installers with special skills are used. The presence of experienced personnel on the staff of the contractor company is an important condition that guarantees the high quality of the work performed.

Prices

Wet facade - facade finishing technology using several layers of materials (thermal insulation, hard layer, decorative plaster). The technology of the wet facade is based on the use of building and adhesive mixtures. This technology for decorating walls and facades of buildings is widely used both in the commercial sector and in the residential sector. Suitable for various types of houses and wall materials, looks presentable, easy to maintain.

1. Thermal insulation (facade insulation).
   The first layer of the wet facade is thermal insulation (slabs of mineral wool or foam), which is attached to the wall material with a polymer-cement mortar. The solution reliably glues the insulation to the rough walls.
2. Base material (hard layer).
   The second layer is a polymer-cement mortar together with a reinforcing mesh. This combination of materials simultaneously protects the thermal insulation material and serves as the basis for the finishing of the walls.
3. Decorative coating (plaster).
   The third layer is decorative plaster or special paint. A rich selection of textures and colors opens up great opportunities for decorating the facade of a house.

Advantages of wet facade technology:

• Low price (in comparison with other options for capital finishing of the facade);
• Minimum load on load-bearing walls (due to the light weight of the materials);
• A wide range of options for decorative finishes and textures (implementation of any design ideas);
• Possibility of painting in any color or various color combinations;
• Excellent compatibility of technology with elements of decoration and lighting of facades.

A ventilated facade is a modern technology for repairing the facade and external wall decoration using a frame made of a system of profiles and facing materials (porcelain stoneware or composite panels). The supporting structure in the form of a frame provides an even and rigid fastening of materials at the required distance for free air circulation.

• 
  Heat-insulating material can also be used to insulate the house (mineral wool or expanded polystyrene) with a moisture-proof film.
• 
  The basis of the structure is the supporting structure - a universal subsystem of profiles and components specially designed for fast and durable cladding of all types of buildings and structures. Allows you to quickly and easily prepare walls for further cladding.
• 
  Air circulates freely through the air gap between the cladding and the bearing wall, which protects the structure from moisture and condensation.
• Facing material (porcelain stoneware or aluminum composite material).
  As a finishing material, special composite panels or porcelain stoneware tiles are used. Today, many manufacturers of finishing materials provide a wide range of colors and textures, which allows you to implement a variety of ideas.

The main advantages of hinged ventilated facades:

• Possibility of quick installation, regardless of the season;
• The versatility of the design and material allows the use of ventilation facades technology for cladding all types of buildings and structures, as well as various architectural forms and elements;
• Durability of cladding, support system and components (average service life - 50 years);
• Large range of colors and hundreds of options for imitating natural materials;
• Convenient operation, maintenance and repair in case of damage;
• Heat and sound insulation, no overheating of walls and removal of the "point of condensation".

Facade plastering is a repair using facade plaster, preparation and plastering of the external walls of a building. Differs in accessibility, simplicity and speed of implementation of repair work. The optimal type of plaster is selected depending on the material of the walls.

Before plastering the facade, you must first prepare the walls - clean and prime the surface with a primer. The plaster is applied in 3 layers - base, main and finishing. For optimal adhesion of the plaster, a reinforcing metal mesh is attached to the walls or insulation.

The plaster solution is applied using a special pneumatic bucket or manually. Next, the solution is leveled along special guides. The next layer of plaster creates adhesion to the finish. The finishing layer is rubbed or decorated with a relief (pattern).

Types of plaster for facade finishing:

• Acrylic (based on acrylic polymer resins with low vapor permeability);
• Mineral (based on quartz or marble chips);
• Silicate (based on "liquid glass" - a solution of sodium and potassium silicates);
• Cement (cement is used as a base);
• Silicone (based on silicone resins).

Advantages of decorative plaster:

• Low cost, ease of implementation of work and lightness of materials;
• Optimum material quality and strength level;
• Heat and sound insulation, moisture protection, resistance to weather conditions and temperature changes;
• A wide range of colors and textures for painting and decoration;
• Perfectly combined with decorative elements for external walls and facades.

Siding involves cladding the walls of the building with panels. This method of finishing has become widespread due to its reasonable price, combined with the simplicity and quick implementation of installation. Siding is used for finishing all types of residential and commercial buildings.

Types of siding (panel materials):

• Wooden (wood-polymer).
  For exterior wall decoration, siding made of wood-polymer materials is used - it is a mixture of wood fibers and plastic. Service life - from 15 years, easy to maintain - no need to tint, soak, varnish. The material does not absorb moisture and is not flammable.
• Vinyl (made of PVC plastic).
  Vinyl siding is the most common type of siding due to its low price, combined with a wide range of colors, as well as durability and ease of installation, maintenance and cleaning. The material is suitable for all types of buildings and climatic conditions.
• Metal (galvanized steel).
  Metal siding is most commonly used for cladding commercial and industrial buildings, but it is also suitable for residential buildings.
• Fiber cement (made of cement with the addition of cellulose).
  Non-flammable, strong and durable material with increased resistance to moisture, mold and mildew. It is mainly used for commercial and industrial buildings.

The main advantages of siding facades:

• Minimum terms for installation, regardless of the season (preferably from +5);
• Universal material and installation system - suitable for finishing all types of buildings;
• A wide selection of colors and types of material (many shades and textures);
• Easy to operate, maintain and repair;
• Protection of walls from moisture, temperature fluctuations and condensate drainage.

Facing the facade with clinker tiles or bricks is a premium option for finishing the facade with imitation of brick or stone. The material is based on natural clay, fired using a special technology. Clinker tiles are an affordable option for facing "like a brick", both external and internal walls of the building.

• Thermal insulation (wall insulation).
  Thermal insulation material (mineral wool or polystyrene) with a moisture / windproof film is used as house insulation.
• Subsystem (steel or aluminum frame with accessories).
  Construction of profiles and accessories specially designed for clinker tiles. The elements of the subsystem make it possible to implement the finishing process quickly and efficiently.
• Air gap (ventilation).
  A special distance between the cladding and the walls provides the necessary air circulation to protect against fungus, moisture and condensation.
• Facing material (clinker tiles or bricks).
  Clinker tiles are made from clay and sand, which are pressed, molded and fired at temperatures over 1200 degrees. The desired color of clinker tiles is achieved by different firing temperatures, therefore each batch of tiles is individual and may slightly differ in shade.

Possibilities of clinker facade technology

Insulation of the base walls of a building is a set of works for the preparation and installation of a heat-insulating layer. At the moment, there are two main options for insulation for external decoration - mineral wool slabs or expanded polystyrene.

The technology for insulating walls from the outside is correct, both from the practical (saving usable space) and from the technical side (protecting the walls and removing the point of condensation formation). The base walls are prepared and primed, then the insulation is mounted using an adhesive solution and additionally reinforced with dowels.

Mineral wool slabs
Basalt mineral wool is an inexpensive and effective way to insulate any type of building. The mineral wool layer must be protected with steam and waterproofing. Insulation with this material is ideal for wooden houses, and also goes well with the technology of the "wet" facade.

Styrofoam (expanded polystyrene, penoplex)
Polyfoam is an advantageous, very lightweight and easy-to-install material that also has good sound insulation. However, the foam does not allow air and steam to pass through, which requires equipping the house with a ventilation system. Also, foam requires reliable waterproofing, because exposed to moisture. The use of foam plastic is recommended in combination with ventilated facade technology.

The main advantages of facade insulation:

• Increased energy efficiency, reduced heat loss and heating costs;
• Universal materials - suitable for thermal insulation of any buildings;
• Protection of walls from moisture, temperature fluctuations, external influences and removal of the "dew point".

Not only the appearance of the apartment building and the office of the company depends on the condition of the facade. With the destruction of the protective layer and the formation of cracks, moisture begins to seep into the structure. Black spots of fungus appear in the corners. More energy is expended on heating. The noise from the street is heard more strongly. Renovation of the facade brings comfort back to the apartment and office. The building takes on an attractive appearance. The protective finishing layer has been restored and the life of the house will last for several years.

Renovation of the facade of the house

Timely renovation and decoration of the facade prolongs the life of the building and creates comfort in the house

Redecoration of facades must be carried out regularly, about once every five years. In this case, only the decoration of the house is replaced, small thin cracks are repaired. The walls are covered with decorative and at the same time protective cladding. Regular maintenance work will help to avoid in the near future large costs for the reconstruction of the building frame during major repairs.
Getting into a small crack, water expands it when it freezes, destroying the material. The next drop will go deeper. The wind blows off the trim and bonding particles. A broken gutter does not drain water and the foundation gets wet, part of the foundation sags. The house begins to damp, cool down and fall apart more and more. In this case, only a major overhaul can restore the building.

Replacing the gutter

Repair of facades of buildings and apartment buildings in the city is done by special teams with lifts or climbing equipment. A private house can be tidied up with your own hands.

The sequence of work is the same:

1. Inspection of the entire facade, determination of the degree of destruction and the volume of future repairs.
2. Scrubbing all cracks, moisture spots, salty protuberances and areas where the finish is crumbling.
3. Elimination of the causes of wetting and salt formation, treatment of cleaned places.
4. Cleaning from dirt, dust, applying a primer or protective compound to the walls.
5. Facade decoration.

If large cracks are found, major repairs are required.

A crack in the facade

Redecorating a plastered facade

Brickwork and plaster are the most vulnerable to rain and frost damage. Such buildings require regular facade renovation. These are mainly apartment buildings built in the second half of the last century.
I am constantly engaged in renovation work. I start by cleaning the plaster from dirt. At the same time, I tap the entire surface in search of hidden voids. These can be cracks and peeling of the finish. Salt penetration is noticeable immediately, it stands out with whitish spots. I carefully close up all defects. In places where moisture and salt accumulate, I examine the walls inside. It is possible that pores have formed on old pipes or dew accumulates due to impaired thermal insulation.

Facade plastering

I continue after fixing the breakdowns:

• I clean up all voids and exfoliation;
• I choose the salt-worms to the full depth and process the places of their formation with a special composition;
• I first close up cracks and deep dents, use a reinforced fiberglass mesh;
• I cover the wall with a layer of plaster, recessed the mesh vertically with an overlap in it;
• I install a profile in the corners to strengthen them;
• I apply a finishing layer;
• after drying, I cover it with decorative acrylic putty or paint.

Walls tiled with plaster are destroyed less. The seams absorb moisture and fall out. It is necessary to check and tap each one at the beginning of the repair.

Wall insulation works

Brick absorbs moisture and does not store heat well, especially silicate brick. Renovation of the facade of an apartment building often includes insulation. For the correct choice of materials and type of installation, it is necessary to make a facade reconstruction project and terms of reference for builders. This is what architects do. The order of work remains the same, only after processing and leveling the walls, a heater is mounted on the facade.

Insulation of the facade of a wooden house with expanded polystyrene

For a snug fit of the thermal panels, a flat surface is needed. All cracks and potholes are repaired. Then flatness is examined using a ruler. Deviation up to 2 mm. The corner level checks the vertical position of the wall. When tilted, water will drain and icicles will form. To improve adhesion, the facade is covered with a primer.
The boards are glued to the wall surface with special glue. It is bought in the store ready-made. It is selected based on the materials that will be glued. Insulation made of basalt and stone wool is additionally fixed with umbrella dowels. The mineral wool is placed between wooden planks and covered with fiber or foil. Waterproofing is done. Moisture removed from the wall to the outside will flow through it. Then plaster with mesh for strength and finish. Facade repairs should be carried out in dry weather, preferably in summer.

Wall insulation works

Inspection and overhaul of the building structure

The signal for urgent overhaul is the formation of cracks from the foundation to the roof and horizontal cracks in the overlap between floors. This means that the house is shrinking and warping. Repair of the facade of the house should begin with a detailed survey, which must be performed in one of the specialized firms licensed to carry out these works. The reasons for the formation of cracks are eliminated before the start of the facade work.
Basically, the distortion of the structure of the house causes subsidence of the soil in a small area. It can be provoked by groundwater, a broken drain, a violation of the waterproofing of the foundation, simple negligence and water leakage from the water supply system or sewage system. Inspection of an apartment building is carried out not only outside, but also inside.

House in need of major renovation

A technical assignment is being drawn up to eliminate the causes that caused the destruction of the house and carry out major repairs. The foundation is being strengthened, the gutters are being repaired. After that, cracks are cut and covered. The use of a grid is required. All work should be done by specialized organizations for the project of reconstruction and repair of the facade.

Attention! In large cities, historical sites and old buildings, it is necessary to issue a color passport on the facade. You cannot arbitrarily change the color and decor.

House overhaul

Wet and ventilated facade

Insulated facades are inspected and a list of defects is compiled. This can be corrosion of the metal profile, moisture destruction of insulation or siding panels. Rodents love Styrofoam. Mineral wool rots when exposed to moisture. Then all damaged materials are removed, defects are cleaned. Replacement of insulation and new cladding are being done.
The finishing boards protect the outer walls well from wind, rain and frost. Therefore, it is enough for insulated facades to carry out cosmetic repairs every five years. It is advisable to cover cladding made of natural and artificial stone with a protective compound every three years. Apply a waterproofing coating to the joints between the clinker and porcelain stoneware tiles. Then the facade will need major repairs in 50 years or later.

Waterproofing coating for the joints between tiles

Do-it-yourself facade repair of a private house

The advantage of a private house is its low height. No special lifting equipment is needed to carry out repair work. It is enough to make scaffolding or put up a sliding ladder. Caring for the integrity of the home. It is necessary to regularly inspect the house from the outside and the inside for cracks, damp and salt stains.
Insulation and decoration should be done immediately after the completion of the installation of the walls and roof. Then the house will stand for a long time and will be comfortable. The repair procedure is the same as for an apartment building. The facade is cleaned, the surface is leveled and, finally, decorative finishing is done. All work is carried out at positive temperatures.

Renovation work completed

Before finishing the building, it is necessary to calculate the vapor permeability of the materials. It should increase from the inside of the wall to the outside. Then the moisture trapped in the masonry will be discharged onto the street. The bearing capacity of the foundation must be sufficient to support the additional weight of the insulation and cladding. When in doubt, use lightweight materials such as styrofoam, rock wool, acrylic and vinyl siding on timber.