Language is a mirror of human culture. Speech culture is a mirror of spiritual culture Speech culture of a person is a mirror of his soul
Workshop.
The speech culture of a person is a mirror of his spiritual culture .
Target:
Improving the general culture of educators;
Increasing the pedagogical competence of educators in matters of professional speech culture;
Expansion of knowledge about the importance of compliance by educators with the norms of the literary language;
Increasing competence in the field of culture of speech communication in general.
Tasks:
To expand the understanding of the speech culture of the educator, as the main instrument of culture in general;
To highlight the content of the teacher's activities, the components and requirements for his professional speech;
To reveal the importance of the speech culture of the educator on the formation of the speech of preschool children;
To help improve the knowledge of the norms of the literary language. Convince of the need to regulate their speech behavior in communication with preschoolers and other people;
Cause a sensual response and active participation of educators in the discussion of issues on the topic under consideration.
A person’s speech is his calling card, because his success depends not only in everyday communication, but also in professional activities, on how competently he expresses himself.
The speaker needs to have a sufficient vocabulary in order to express his thoughts clearly and clearly .. it is important to constantly take care of expanding this vocabulary, try to use the richness of the native language.
What should be the vocabulary of one person? 7-9 thousand different words, according to other 11-13 thousand words. For example, A. S. Pushkin used more than 211 thousand words in his works and letters, and he used half of these words only once or twice. This testifies to the exceptional richness of the vocabulary of the brilliant poet. And some people's vocabulary is extremely poor. No wonder I. Ilf and E. Petrov in the famous “twelve chairs” ridiculed Ellochka, the “cannibal”, who managed with only thirty words. 1 year - 20 words, 6 years - 5 thousand. words.
For 20 years, literacy has fallen by 30%. People communicate more with computers than with children.
Examples from life situations
The language in skillful hands and experienced lips is beautiful, melodious, expressive, flexible, obedient, dexterous and roomy.
The speech function is not given from birth, but can only be formed in the speech environment (Mowgli). The child goes through all stages of speech development: sounds, syllables, words ...
Preschool age is a sensitive period of a child's speech development, therefore one of the leading activities of a kindergarten teacher is the formation of oral speech and speech communication skills, based on knowledge of the native literary language.
What is a "culture of speech"?
“Speech culture - possession of the norms of oral and written literary language (rules of pronunciation, stress, grammar, word usage, etc.), as well as the ability to use expressive language means in different communication conditions in accordance with the goals and content of speech.slide 2
One of the main mechanisms for children to master their native language is imitation.
MM. Alekseeva notes that, imitating adults, the child adopts "not only all the subtleties of pronunciation, word usage, construction of phrasesbut also those imperfections and errors that occur in their speech.
That is why today high demands are placed on the speech of a teacher of a preschool educational institution, and the problem of improving the culture of the teacher’s speech is considered in the context of improving the quality of preschool education.
The quality of the speech development of a preschooler depends on the quality of the speech of teachers and on the speech environment that they create in a preschool educational institution. .
A.I. Maksakov, E.I. Tiheeva, E.A. Flerin, paid special attention to the creation of a developing speech environment in kindergarten as a factor in the development of children's speech.
Without language, the life of a person, people, society is impossible. It is not always easy to express your thoughts clearly, accurately and figuratively. This needs to be learned - learn hard and patiently. This will help you to speak and write better, to choose the most accurate and necessary words to express your thoughts.
Examples from real life situations.
slide
The speech should be : correct, precise, logical, clean, expressive, rich, appropriate.
Slide. The characteristic features of language norms are:
relative stability;
prevalence;
general use;
general obligation;
conformity with the use, custom and possibilities of the language system.
Norms help the literary language to maintain its integrity and general intelligibility. They protect the literary language from the flow of dialect speech, social and professional , . This allows the literary language to perform one of the most important functions - cultural.
The dynamism of language development and the variability of norms.
The constant development of the language leads to a change in literary norms. What was the norm in the last century and even 15-20 years ago today may become a deviation from it. In (1935-1940) words zacoustic, toy, bakery, everyday, on purpose, decent, creamy, apple, scrambled eggs were pronounced with the sounds [shn]. According to the Orthoepic Dictionary of the Russian Language of 1983, such pronunciation as the only (strictly obligatory) norm was preserved only in wordson purpose, scrambled eggs . In the words bakery, decently along with the traditional pronunciation [shn], a new pronunciation [ch] is recognized as acceptable. In wordseveryday, apple the new pronunciation is recommended as the main choice, while the old one is accepted as an option. In the wordcreamy pronunciation [shn] is recognized, although acceptable, but an outdated option, and in words diner, toy the new pronunciation [ch] became the only possible normative option.
Gooseberry jam - gooseberry, pear, plum ... this example shows that in the history of the literary language the following are possible:
Slide.
maintaining the old norm;
competition between two options, in which dictionaries recommend the traditional option;
variant competition, in which dictionaries recommend a new variant;
approval of the new version as the only normative one.
In the history of the language, not only orthoepic, but also all other norms change.
Example.
Enrollee. Graduate.
The grammatical forms of Zalo, hall also change. Dahlia, piano R. now m.r..
In the 19th century we went to the theater, but to a concert. We went to Ukraine, but to Moscow. Now to Ukraine.
However, the error is different error. Sometimes you will make the wrong stress in a word, but no one will notice! But there are terrible mistakes! An example from Chukovsky's book "Living like life."
The verbs - lie down, go, ride, lie down - do not exist.
The movie "We'll Live Until Monday"? “I tell them, don’t lie! And they keep lying down and lying down!” “Taisia Ivanovna! Dove! There is no such verb in Russian!”
80 percent of Russians continue to use this verb incorrectly?
We should say “socks” about socks, and “stocking” about stockings. But perhaps, in the first in this case, a disgraceful place is the wrong stress in the words “ringing”, “ringing”.
Foil - foil
Work in the group "Fix the mistakes"
Slide.
The children put on coats and hats and went for a walk.
My children and I boarded the bus and were asked to pay the fare.
I will come to kindergarten tomorrow.
We were at Olya's birthday party and ate tongue.
He is a complete ignoramus in matters of art
Slide
The children put on coats and hats and went for a walk.
My children and I got on the bus and we were asked to pay for the fare.
I will come to kindergarten tomorrow.
We were at Olya's birthday and ate delicious tongue
Stress is the most difficult area of the Russian language to master .
Slide
Russian stress is characterized by diversity and mobility.
The 4 percent of fixed-stress words are also difficult. These include, for example, such words: rakes, mangers, shoes
bl "aga - bl" agam, bl "agami, oh bl" agah ...
loop - p "loop, p" loop, about p "loop ...
Great Danes "or - Great Danes" Ora, about Great Danes "ore ...
In addition, stress sometimes radically changes the meaning of a word. Riddle: Slide.
We are a stand for sawyers,
We are the coachman's seat.
But try to put
We have another stress!
Be careful with us:
We can gore with horns.
Song "Russian language"
Slide.
Work in groups "Put the accent"
Slide
calling
Bows
pamper
Thinking
non-standardized
Marketing
Security
Kitchen
Mold
Cottage cheese
Dolbit
Catalog
money
Cakes.
call
bows
pamper
soaping
non-standardized
marketing
security
kitchen
mold
cottage cheese
hammering
catalog
money
cakes
Pampered
Butter oil
Every word in your native language is worth its weight in gold! And yet, some words in our speech sometimes become superfluous!
Slide
Basic principles
Duplicate twice
Open vacancy
Real fact
Valuable rarity
Panacea for all diseases
The process has begun
High limit
Memorable souvenir
leading leader
progress forward
Timekeeping
Biography of life
Good weather
Evening serenade !
Foreign words.
Perception of other people's words , and especially without necessity, there is not enrichment, but deterioration of the language.
Slide.
M. Zoshchenko "Monkey tongue" Listening to the Audi.
Slide.
Fashion words.
Slide.
Example. The novel "War and Peace". (The buzzword is influenza).
Slide.
What do the words we use in passion mean? ?
Slide.
Infection.
You rejected me twice
"Don't want!" you said
This is the girl of my dreams!
The girl of his dreams probably took offense at the word "contagion" 250 years ago. But in vain! A synonym is "charm" and "charm".
As proof, I will cite two poetic lines from an 18th-century poet:
I'm done with Sorena!
Do not see her eyes! Do not see her now?!
Obviously, "infect" meant "to strike on the spot" - in this case, apparently beauty!
Idiot - different from others
What movie is this track from? Listen to audio.
Slide. Mymra.
to mumble - to sit at home without getting out. Maybe “mymra” is also a compliment, meaning that a woman is a housewife, a good housewife? But no! "Mymra" began to be called an unsociable, boring, gloomy person - most often a woman.
Shame. . In the old days, it meant "performance", and nothing more. And the word "disgraceful" - "related to the performance." Laterthe word "shame" acquired a more general meaning and became synonymous with the word "spectacle".
slide
Disadvantages in the teacher's speech:
saturation of speech with complex grammatical constructions and turns;
the use of vernacular and dialectisms, obsolete words;
frequent unjustified use of words with diminutive suffixes (“Tanya, wash your hands!”, “Katya, take the cup off the table!”);
copying the speech of babies, "lisping";
the use in speech of words that are not understandable to children, without clarifying their meaning, etc.
fuzzy articulation of sounds in the process of speech;
letter-by-letter pronunciation of words, when words are pronounced as they are written (“what” instead of “what”; “his” instead of “evo”);
pronunciation of words with an accent or with the characteristic features of a local dialect;
incorrect stress in words;
monotonous speech, in which children have a sharp decrease in interest in the content of the statement;
an accelerated pace of speech, which makes it very difficult for children to understand speech.
The following requirements are imposed on the speech of the educator:
correctly pronounce all the sounds of the native language;
clearly pronounce and articulate sounds, clearly pronounce the endings of words and each word in a phrase;
strictly adhere to orthoepic norms in speech; correctly place stresses in words;
use the means of intonational expressiveness of speech (voice strength, rhythm, tempo, logical stresses, pauses);
in communicating with children, use speech at a slightly slow pace, moderate volume;
coherently, in an accessible form, convey the content of texts, accurately using words and grammatical structures, taking into account the age of the child and the level of his speech development;
use a friendly tone when speaking with children and staff.
Outcome:
Take care of our language, our beautiful Russian language - this is a treasure, this is a property handed down to us by our predecessors! Treat this mighty weapon with respect.
I. S. Turgenev
To deal with the language somehow means to think somehow: approximately, inaccurately, incorrectly.
A.N. Tolstoy
Kovaleva Irina Vladimirovna
Position: teacher of Russian language and literature
Educational institution: GBPOU RO "ZSHT named after Babaevsky P.A."
Locality: Zimovniki, Rostov region
Material name: methodical development
Theme: Speech culture of a person is a mirror of his soul
Publication date: 01.04.2016
Chapter: secondary vocational
MINISTRY OF GENERAL AND PROFESSIONAL
EDUCATION
ROSTOV REGION
STATE BUDGET PROFESSIONAL
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
ROSTOV REGION
ZIMOVNIKOVSKY AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE
NAMED AFTER P. A. BABAYEVSKY"
LESSON DEVELOPMENT
(as part of a pedagogical project)
on the topic of:
"Speech culture of a person is a mirror of his soul"
Developed by:
teacher of Russian language and literature I.V. Kovaleva
Winterers, 2016
Theme of the lesson: “The speech culture of a person is a mirror of his spiritual
culture” (V. Sukhomlinsky)
Lesson Objectives:
1. Improve the culture of speech; be able to argue your answer to statements about the culture of speech; 2. Use knowledge of orthoepy; 3. Demonstrate the skills of correct word usage; 4. Develop systems thinking.
Equipment:
1. Cards with the task of orthoepy, vocabulary; 2. Drawings, tables for board design; 3. Presentation on the topic of the lesson.
DURING THE CLASSES
1. Organizational moment.
Teacher:
Good afternoon guys. My name is Irina Vladimirovna. Today we will try to help me in the implementation of an interesting project and confirm or refute the hypothesis put forward by the youth that a successful person who acquires material values does not have to speak correctly. To do this, we will divide into 2 teams in order to achieve our goals in a short time; they are displayed on the screen. (Improve the culture of speech, be able to build your answer, use knowledge of orthoepy and vocabulary, learn to develop systemic thinking). On your tables
cards - tasks, and in my head, I hope, solid knowledge!
So. Before us is a successful young man and we will try to prove that our topic for him is of direct importance .. or not.
Main part
:
1. Work on the epigraphs of the lesson.
(On the screen of the statement about the meaning of the word) - Guys, find the key words in these expressions. - What are the proverbs about? - Find and read the words related to today's tense.
2.
Conducting a simulation game. (
Listeners are given a small control diagnostic work on orthoepy). Guys, it is proposed to take part in
role-playing game "Announcer". (Slide)
(The first 6 sentences are read by 1 team. From 7-12 - 2 team)
Work on orthoepy.
1. Water began to flow into the pool. 2.These boots are more beautiful and more comfortable. 3. The garbage chute was fixed in time. 4. The new program was adopted and approved in a short time. 5. The treaty will facilitate the exchange of goods between the two countries. 6. Don't play around! 7. Organ - a musical instrument. 8. The task of the first quarter has been completed. 9. We will call you tomorrow. 10. It was decided to reward those who distinguished themselves. 11.Our goal is close. 12. The answers are correct. Based on the difficulties that have arisen, words are selected for the orthoepic warm-up - chanting (each word is pronounced at least three times).
3. Editorial editing. (slide)
Pushkin's editing is an example of a demanding attitude to one's own word.
"Blizzard"
1). In one minute the road was covered with snow. 2). In one minute the road was covered with snowdrifts. 3). In one minute the road was covered. And the final version: 4). In one minute the road skidded. The brilliant poet shows us how simple and difficult it is to find the only correct solution to a speech problem at the same time.
Edit the sentences and comment on the answer:
1 group of participants.
(Slide) 1. We were
shocked (
surprised, amazed
)
great acting by the actors. 2. Molchalin
working (
has the rank of secretary
)
Famusov's secretary.
Answers: 1B; 2A
group of participants.
1.
Young
youth
; very
beautiful. (Beautiful young man.) 2. In that
story
tells
about real events. (This work tells about real events).
Answers: 1B;2A
4.(!)
Fiction has always been and remains a school of excellence. Moreover, writing well and verbosely, ornately, is not at all the same thing. Remember how Homer described Helen's beauty? “When Elena entered, seeing her beauty, the elders stood up.” Simple words, but everyone feels the power of beauty, which the elders faced. (slide) A work perceived only as “content” will not bring pleasure, will not quench the thirst of the heart. To improve your own speech, it is important to learn how to evaluate the form.
Let's write a short essay "on perception".
I am reading the poems of V. Soloukhin, and you note the details that struck you, the artistic originality. What mood do these lines create? What caused it?
- Hello! -
What did we say to each other?
Just "hello", we didn't say anything else.
Why did a drop of sun increase in the world?
Why is there a drop of happiness in the world?
Why did life become a little more joyful? (slide
It is proposed to read the written mini-essays. Everyone listened to one text, and what a variety of impressions and thoughts! And this is the starting point for the further work of the teacher. Together we are looking for an answer to the question, what is the power of the word.
5..
Comparison technique
helps to choose the right speech tactics. He teaches equally by both positive and negative examples. Before you is the text of the congratulation: "Dear grandmother, I congratulate you on the holiday, I wish you all the best." And this is how many letters of Peter I to his wife Ekaterina Alekseevna begin: “Katerinushka, my friend with a heart, hello!” What would you like to say about these samples of the epistolary genre? Try to compose a text of congratulations to people close to you. Was it easy for you to write it? Are you satisfied with how your congratulations turned out? While you are writing, let 1 participant come to my table and choose cards to illustrate the project.
Let's summarize the lesson:
Let's see what qualities we endowed a successful person with. (Folk wisdom. Richness of the language. Competent writing, etc.)
In order to correctly evaluate your speech behavior, you need to
remember that "only the heart is vigilant." Our speech is the most important
part of not only our behavior, but also our soul, mind.
I really want each of us to ask ourselves the question:
“When and whom did I console, inspire, heal with a word for the last time?”
If the answer is disappointing, it is not too late to correct the situation.
Modeling
Those present are invited to construct their own model of rules in the mode of the presented technology, as a search for an answer to the question: “What determines the success of the performance?”
(
The following is a discussion of the proposed models of the training session.)
Reflection
1. In your opinion, are the techniques used in constructing your speech effective?
"SPEECH CULTURE OF A HUMAN IS A MIRROR OF HIS SPIRITUAL LIFE"
Municipal educational institution
"Secondary school No. 31",
Komsomolsk-on-Amur
The article reveals the paramount importance of language culture in the spiritual and moral development and education of students. Acquaintance with the original cultural values of the peoples inhabiting Russia contributes to the formation of not only moral values, but also the development of the language culture of students.
Spiritual and moral development, language culture.
Spiritual and moral development and upbringing of students are the primary task of the modern educational system and represent an important component of the social order for education. Education plays a key role in the spiritual and moral consolidation of Russian society. “The native land, its history,” wrote Academician Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev, “is the basis on which the growth of the spiritual culture of the whole society can be carried out.” A society is only capable of setting and solving large-scale national tasks when it has a common system of moral guidelines. And there are these guidelines where they keep respect for the original culture and original cultural values, for the memory of their ancestors, for every page of our national history, for the native language. As far back as the 12th century, Prince Vladimir Monomakh compiled and called the “Instructions” the first written rules of conduct, which, in particular, said: “Do not pass by a person without greeting him, but say a kind word to everyone when they meet ...”.
“Language is the soul of a people. Language is living flesh… feelings, thoughts.” These words belong to the great poet-educator, reformer of the Kazakh language Abai. And the Russian poet Pyotr Andreevich Vyazemsky defined the role of language in the spiritual life of the people as follows:
Language is the confession of the people,
He hears his nature
His soul and life are dear ...
Language is an integral part of the general culture of the people. Speech serves as a vivid and, as a rule, unmistakable characteristic of the cultural and spiritual level of each. Students unmistakably confirm what was said about the language with proverbs: The tongue feeds the head. Without tongue and dumb bell. Lame word - lame speech. He who speaks, he sows; who listens, he collects. The word is more than an arrow.
“The language of the people is the best, never fading and eternally re-blooming flower of its entire spiritual life… The language spiritualizes the whole people and their entire homeland; the sky of the motherland, its air, its fields, mountains and valleys is transformed by the creative power of the people’s spirit into a thought, a picture and a sound in it… But in the bright, transparent depths of the people’s language, not only the nature of the native country is reflected, but the whole history of the spiritual life of the people ”, - these words belong to Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky. Let's read the statement of Erasmus of Rotterdam, Renaissance humanist, theologian, Dutch writer: "Language is the best mediator for establishing friendship and harmony." And here are the words of the great Leo Tolstoy: “The word is a great thing. Great, because with a word you can unite people, with a word you can also separate them ... Beware of such a word that separates people. “What do you think all these sayings of great people have in common? To what irrefutable conclusion does the wisdom accumulated over the centuries by the best minds of mankind lead us? I ask these questions to my students. All answers come down to one thing: at all times, the language was considered the most important spiritual treasure of any nation.
The nature of the country and the history of the people, reflected in the human soul, were expressed in the word. Man disappeared, but the word he created remained an immortal and inexhaustible treasury of the national language...
Language is both old and forever new!
Words can prevent death
Words can bring the dead back to life...
Language is the liveliest, most abundant and lasting link that unites the obsolete, living and future generations of the people into one great, historical, living whole. Working on proverbs and sayings, I offer the 6th grade the following task: draw a portrait of the people, but not with paints, but with proverbs, that is, indicate which qualities are valued by the people, which ones are condemned. Introducing Kazakh proverbs to classmates: a diamond blade is a comrade in war, a kind word in war and a comrade at a feast; kindness comes from the heart, meanness from strength; at the table, poverty will redeem the souls of generosity - students celebrate the kindness, nobility, spiritual generosity of the Kazakh people. Azerbaijanis teach to be hospitable, to be kind to children, to have spiritual purity: a house without a guest is a mill without water; the desire of the child is stronger than the order of the padishah; all the troubles of a man from his tongue; a friend looks at the face, and the enemy at the feet. Ingush and Kyrgyz proverbs call for respect for elders: a house in which there are old people is a rich house; If you honor your father and mother, you will recognize honor from your son. Tatar people talk about the importance of patience and kindness: the bottom of patience is pure gold; a precious stone does not lie on the ground; if there is a soul, there is also hope. Each nation speaks its own language, but wisdom is one - we come to this conclusion at the end of the conversation.
Active classes in the 5th grade: “Words of the Heart”, “Honest Words”, “We are Friends with Kind Words”, “Give a Deed and a Kind Word”, “We Know How to Communicate” - made it possible to talk about the tradition of a kind word. The students talked about how many kind words, bequeathed to us by our ancestors, are able to heal and reconcile, console and warm, instruct and save. The children with great pride named the words that their parents tell them, noting their significance - they give a person confidence and calm their conscience. The word in everyday life has its own rules. Our contemporary, a Moscow priest Father Artemy Vladimirov, very accurately wrote about them in the book “The Textbook of Life”.
“Rule one: think about what you say. In other words, weigh in your mind the word that is on the tip of your tongue. Think carefully, and then just speak. And sometimes you won't regret it.
Rule two: don't say what you don't mean. Don't lie, don't lie. It is better to be silent than to tell a lie.
Rule three: don't say everything you think. This rule advises to correctly assess the interlocutor and his mental disposition. Will he benefit from what you intend to say? Does he need to hear your opinion on this matter? Will you betray someone else's secret with your careless word? In a word, do not say everything that you think.
When studying the work of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in the 8th grade, students successfully explored the poet's spiritual sources of inspiration, and also managed to prove with examples from the works of the great poet that Alexander Sergeevich spoke Russian as a unique tool. The heritage of the Genius teaches schoolchildren correct Russian speech (both oral and written), contributes to the manifestation of its vivid expressiveness, replenishes vocabulary, making the student more confident when communicating with adults, instills a taste for good correct speech, because a person’s speech culture is a mirror of his spiritual life.
"Take care of our language! Our beautiful Russian language!.. It is impossible to believe that such a language was not given to a great people! ”- this is the testament of a brilliant expert on the Russian language, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. The writer seemed to have foreseen our time, when the issue of preserving the Russian language is becoming so large-scale. The younger generation has difficulty accepting the works of the classics of Russian literature, blurring the line between Akunin and Chekhov, Dontsova and Pushkin. That is why writers and poets, publicists and linguists in their works not only call for purity of speech, but also give practical advice to their readers. Grade 10 students share their reflections on how in the article “Thoughts about words” he says that it is necessary to protect the language from clogging, to remember that the words that we now use will serve many centuries after us to express ideas and thoughts that are still unknown to us , to create new poetic creations that are not amenable to our foresight. The famous "Letters to Youth" by Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev deserve special admiration. Tenth graders share their experiences. With deep pain, a Russian literary critic speaks about the Russian language, noting that people do not monitor the purity of their speech, clog it with unnecessary words. And the language, according to the academician, unites the people, the nation. “... You need to learn to speak and write all the time. Language is the most expressive thing that a person has, and if he stops paying attention to his language, and begins to think that he has already mastered it sufficiently, he will retreat. One must constantly monitor one's language - oral and written. Thus, our language is the most important part not only of our behavior, but also of our personality, our soul and mind.
“Once a certain noble person visited the monastery and found that its inhabitants live very poorly, denying themselves even the necessities. The distinguished visitor spoke about this with regret in a conversation with the abbess and offered a large donation to improve the material life of the sisters. But the abbess objected:
The sisters of this monastery, thank God, do not need your treasures, since each of them has enough of their own treasures.
Where are these treasures?
These treasures they keep in their hearts.
The visitor thought for a moment and then asked:
What is the most valuable treasure that the sisters of your monastery have?
The abbess answered, also thinking:
Every person's most precious treasure is the gift of words. It is the imprint of divinity; this is a sign that one who has this gift is not an earthly, but a heavenly being.
But I noticed that the nuns make very little use of this gift.
Yes, - continued Elizabeth, - because it is a treasure. Tell me, what would happen to your wealth if you began to indiscriminately and thoughtlessly scatter it right and left? What would become of your expensive dress, which you would carelessly and casually put on in all kinds of work and in all kinds of weather? So is the gift of the word. If we use it carelessly and unwisely, then it will soon lose its meaning and all meaning. On the contrary, when each pearl is taken out of the treasury with due attention and care, and when these pearls, these beads are distributed to the needy with proper discretion, then this treasure is of great importance and is never depleted.
Bibliography:
1. My language is my friend: Materials for extracurricular work in the Russian language: A guide for the teacher. - M.: Enlightenment, 1988
2. Origins. Textbook for the 4th grade of general educational institutions, edition 2nd, 2014.
3. Youth Letters.
4. "And to accept the challenge ... Excommunication from the native word is tantamount to excommunication from history." Literary newspaper. – 2007.- №24
Essay
I believe that without respect, without love for the native word, there can be no spiritual culture, no culture of speech. It testifies to the general development of the personality, the degree of its familiarization with the spiritual riches of the native people and the wealth of all mankind. I can say with confidence that the basis of language culture is literacy, that is, compliance with generally accepted literary norms in the use of lexical, phonetic, morphological, syntactic and stylistic means of the language.
In addition, I am convinced that speech should not only be correct, but also lexically rich, syntactically diverse. To achieve this, you need to listen to live speech, use dictionaries, read political, artistic, scientific literature thoughtfully, paying attention to the use of individual words, to especially successful statements, to the construction of sentences. I think that you need to actively develop your speech and learn to express your own thoughts orally and in writing, correct yourself, correctly build and rebuild what was said, look for the best and most necessary options for utterance. I do not fully agree with the presentation of the author's thoughts. After all, the linguistic illiteracy of translation should be considered not only in relation to the Russian language, but also to other languages. It is sad to admit that the only constant component of the behavior of millions of people in our country can be called the culture of the common fund. Imperceptibly, prison slang has now entered the language of teenagers and students, which in itself is not such an innocent phenomenon. Unfortunately, it has already become common property in the media, in the speeches of deputies and high officials, it is included in families and yard companies, labor collectives and parties. This worries me the most. And who should take care of the real revival of the Ukrainian language if not the state?
I think that now only we can preserve those spiritual treasures that we inherited from previous generations and pass them on to our descendants, without interrupting the code of the nation, which determines its identity and originality. And no matter what threatening processes happen to our language, I do not believe that they are irreversible. As linguists note, one of the essential indicators of human nobility is the culture of speech - the concept is not only linguistic, but also pedagogical, psychological, aesthetic and ethical.
Of great importance is the tone of the conversation, the ability to listen to the other, to support the topic in a timely and appropriate manner. Politeness, attentiveness are the basic requirements of language etiquette. From a polite greeting, a noble handshake, a relaxed, unobtrusive conversation, the win is mutual. Backbiting, hypocrisy, inability to listen to the interlocutor, on the contrary, only causes nervousness, spoils the mood ...
You can talk a lot about the magic of the word and the culture of speech. But these concepts, these strange things, are as old as the people themselves. For example, related appeals deserve a separate discussion. Traditionally, in Ukraine, children called their parents “you”, which was dictated by high respect for the closest people. Many verbal greetings have entered our daily life, but our ancestors were more circumspect with them and in each case did not use the entire arsenal. In the morning, at lunch or in the evening, only those that corresponded to a certain time were used. The same applied to the number of persons, their age, gender, even social affiliation. Say, when a loner greeted several people, he would certainly use the plural form: “Hello!” or “Good health to you!”. There is also a short but surprisingly warm word “thank you” in our language. How often do we give it to others? Unfortunately no.
The best forms of greetings, appeals for everyday communication, grown over the centuries and fixed in everyday life, are not an ordinary human whim and, even more so, not empty phrase-mongering. This is our daily etiquette, our culture, relationships, in the end, our health - physical and spiritual. This is our lifestyle...
And what about us, the young generation, which enters into independent life at the beginning of the third millennium? In the chaos of bad manners and lack of culture, including language. In a world dominated by ignorance, rudeness, callousness. And no matter how annoying it is - in a world where many of my peers grow up stingy with affection and a warm word, shun the richness of their native language, being content with surzhik, other people's words, forgetting to say hello politely, sincerely thank you. Which exit? You need to learn yourself and teach others, because “... without respect, without love for the native word, there can be neither comprehensive human education, nor spiritual culture” (Vasily Sukhomlinsky).
