Do-it-yourself steam room - let the steam be light. How to make a steam room with your own hands: step-by-step instructions Building a steam room

Without a steam room, a bathhouse becomes an ordinary room where people wash. It is steam that has healing properties, rejuvenates the body, gives strength and vigor of spirit. At first glance, the arrangement of the steam room is not particularly difficult. This small space has a minimum of architectural delights. However, when arranging it, a number of important rules must be observed. Only then can the steam room bring real pleasure to lovers of a real Russian bath.

Project selection

It is necessary to design a steam room even before starting the construction of a bath. Its dimensions will depend on many indicators.

When calculating, it is necessary to take into account the following nuances.

The first sketch below shows a small sauna with a steam room, in which only sitting is placed on the shelves.

The other two figures show schematically more spacious rooms in which you can bathe while lying down.

Having schematically depicted the location of the stove and shelves in the steam room, you can calculate its dimensions in advance and avoid annoying mistakes during construction.

Type, power and dimensions of the stove. According to fire regulations (SNiP 41-01-2003 (Heating, ventilation and air conditioning)), the stove should be placed in the bath at a distance of at least 32 cm from wooden structures. If the walls are protected with non-combustible materials, then 26 cm must be retreated from them.

The iron stove has high power, compact size and the ability to quickly warm up even a large steam room. However, its surface is very hot, there is a risk of accidental burns in case of careless actions. In view of this. in the steam room, there should be a free distance between the shelves and the iron stove.

A brick heater does not heat up so quickly and its size is much larger than that of a metal one. However, it keeps warm longer and it is impossible to seriously burn yourself on it. Therefore, there is no need to position the oven at a substantial distance from the shelves.

When installing an electric heater, it makes sense to make the steam room as small as possible. This will save energy when heating the room.

So, when planning a steam room, you should think carefully about everything even at the construction stage. After the walls, partitions and the roof have been erected, you can proceed directly to work on the internal arrangement of the steam room.

Floor installation

The floor in the entire bath is done first. The floor level in the steam room should be higher than the level of the clean floor in the washroom.

There are several options for its device.

Wooden floor

The simplest is to install a wooden floor. For this, support logs are installed on the foundation.

Planed boards with a thickness of 50 mm are screwed onto them at a distance of 5-10 mm from each other.

It is important that at least 50 cm remains between the floor and the ground level, and there are openings in the foundation for fresh air.

This will provide good, natural ventilation in the steam room, and the boards will dry evenly after the end of the bath procedures. However, this flooring option should only be used in areas with warm and temperate climates. In northern areas, this ventilation can lead to the fact that the heat from the steam room is eroded too quickly.

Video - Floors in the bath on logs with insulation

Concrete floor

A concrete floor in a steam room can last much longer than a wooden floor. However, the cost of arranging it will be slightly higher. In addition, it will be necessary to additionally lay a finishing coating on it.

Before starting work on the installation of the cement screed in the steam room and the washing room, a pit 10 to 15 cm deep should be dug for water drainage. The walls can be fixed with cement or tiles. An iron grating is laid on top of it. From the pit, water will go through the drain pipe into the sewer.

As soon as the water drain is ready, you can start installing the screed.

The level of the clean floor in the steam room should be higher than in the washing room. Therefore, before starting work on the walls, a mark is made to which the floor structure will reach. And then they lay down the distance from it, which is necessary for laying all the layers of the screed.

The procedure for arranging a concrete floor

Illustration Description

	the site is carefully leveled, if necessary, remove the upper part of the soil
	a 30-40 cm layer of sand and gravel is poured, spilled with water, tamped, making a slope towards the drain hole
	the first layer of concrete 5 cm thick is poured
	after the screed has dried, strips of waterproofing material (roofing material, glass insulation) are rolled out along it
	Insulation with a thickness of 50 mm is placed on the waterproofing material
	mount a reinforcing metal frame from a masonry mesh
	pour a layer of concrete up to 10 cm thick
	level the concrete with a board or rule, not forgetting to make a slight slope in the direction of the sewer hole
	lay tiles or gratings from boards

Video - Draining from the bath

Vapor barrier and ceiling decoration

High-quality insulation of the ceiling in the steam room is of paramount importance, since the hot air from the stove rises upwards. Therefore, the presence of places on the ceiling through which it could freely go outside is unacceptable.

Ceiling insulation works are carried out in the following sequence.

WorksIllustration

Wall insulation

If the walls in the bath are built of foam blocks or using frame technology, then the steam room requires additional insulation. Inside, you should get a thermos impervious to cold, which will perfectly keep the heat emanating from the stove. This will save fuel, which is used for heating and long-term maintenance of the desired temperature in the steam room.

Before starting work, an opening is cut in the wall for installing the furnace.

Then a wind and steam protection film is attached to the walls.

At the next stage, a basalt non-combustible insulation is tightly laid between the bars.

After that, waterproofing is nailed to the bars with galvanized staples.

The following can be used as a protective material:

foil with a density of 150 to 200 microns;

foamed foamed penoizol;

waterproofing membrane for a bath.

Strips of moisture-resistant material are nailed with staples with an overlap of at least 15 cm, the joints are sealed with special tape.

Then, strips 25 mm thick and 30 to 50 mm wide are horizontally attached to the bars with galvanized self-tapping screws at a distance of 70 cm from each other. The lathing should be installed as evenly as possible; for this, a laser level or plumb line should be used. The installation is started from the two extreme slats, then a lace is pulled between them. And already focusing on it, they nail the rest of the crate.

At the next stage, the clapboard is directly attached. To do this, use either ordinary galvanized nails 40-50 mm long, or special clamps.

Finally, smooth ventilation holes are cut in the walls. From above, they are masked with plugs or flaps. If necessary, a fan is mounted in the supply or exhaust opening.

If the walls in the steam room are made of logs or profiled beams, then they do not require such careful insulation. In this case, it will be enough to fix the foil or foil-clad foam insulation on them. Then nail the crate and install the lining.

Furnace installation

The stove in the steam room can be installed iron, brick or electric. The place for it should be chosen at the design stage of the bath. The furnace of the stove can be located both inside the steam room and outside it.

Installation procedure in a steam iron furnace:

The electric oven is installed on a prepared platform or hung on the wall using special brackets. It does not require the installation of a chimney.

It is imperative to observe the distances specified in the instructions from the oven to the walls and shelves.

Brick oven

The brick oven is laid out even at the stage of the construction of the bath.

Only that part of it should go into the steam room, in which there will be stones. The firebox is best placed in a dressing room or on the street.

Video - Secrets of building a bath

Door assembly

The door to the steam room is installed last. It should close tightly and not allow heat to pass out. Doors made of solid wood or tempered glass are best suited for this purpose.

Installation of a wooden door consists of the following steps:

a doorway is fitted under the casing;

it is impossible to fasten the casing to the timber, it must move freely along the grooves, the cracks between it and the wall are carefully caulked;

Another way to install a wooden door is to cut grooves in the opening.

Wooden blocks are installed in them so that their edge does not reach 5-10 cm to the top of the opening. And the door frame is already directly attached to them.

Fixing the window to the rail and hanging the door

Glass doors are attached to special hinges.

Video - Siege under a plastic window in a log house

Video - Okosyachka (part 1)

Video - Okosyachka (part 2)

Video - Okosyachka (part 3)

How to make shelves correctly

The number of shelves in the steam room depends on its dimensions. Their height is selected depending on the height of the owners of the bath. In the standard version, three-level shelves are allowed, each of which is 35 cm high. However, two shelves are also possible. In a small steam room, the lower level of the bench can be equipped with a retractable mechanism and extend as needed.

First, you need to choose the shape of the shelves and assemble the frame. It is best made from larch. There are many options for its location. It can be rectangular or angular.

Wooden boards are laid on top of the installed frame.

The boards in them should be located loosely, at a distance of 1 cm from each other.

Shields should be made of linden or aspen. Conifers are not suitable for this purpose, since resin is released from them under the influence of high temperatures.

Effective ventilation

An important stage in the arrangement of the steam room is ventilation. In its absence, a long stay in the steam room becomes unsafe for human health. And improper installation of air ducts can lead to heat loss and unnecessary fuel costs for full heating of the room.

Do not make a hole for the ventilation duct directly on the ceiling of the steam room. This will lead to large losses of heat, and hence a decrease in the effectiveness of the adoption of bath procedures.

The most common are several options for the location of ventilation ducts in the steam room.

Location option Diagram or illustration

	The oxygen inflow comes from the opening, which is located behind the furnace, a fan is mounted in it. The distance from the floor is 25 cm. The outflow is carried out naturally through the airlock, which is located on the opposite wall. The lower it is located, the better.

During the direct acceptance of the bath procedures, the ventilation holes in the walls can be closed with valves. And then open them as needed.

Galvanized or stainless steel pipes should be used as ventilation ducts. It is not recommended to use plastic structures in the steam room. The pipes must be fastened to special clamps.

It must be remembered that the diameter of the exhaust duct should be slightly larger than that of the supply duct.

Having decided on the ventilation scheme, holes of the required dimensions should be made in the walls or floor.

Their diameter depends on the area of ​​the ventilated room, but it cannot be less than 100 mm. Then you need to insert ventilation ducts into them.

The distance remaining between the wall and the pipe must be laid with a non-combustible insulation. Fasten the protective grill from the street side.

Electricity

At the final stage of arranging the steam room, electrical wiring is installed. All switches and junction boxes should be located outside the steam room and shower room.

The wires are laid in the corrugation over the lining.

In the steam room, they are covered with wooden skirting boards from above.

The luminaires in the steam room must be protected by wooden bars.

Video - The device of the Russian bath

How to make a steam room in a bath correctly and beautifully

The manufacturing quality of the steam room directly determines the convenience of using the bath, how safe the bath procedures will be, as well as the presentability of the steam room, the cost of construction and further maintenance. In this article with photo and video materials, we will try to tell you more about how to make a steam room in a bath correctly.

The advantages of building a steam room with your own hands:

1. There is no need to hire third-party specialists, spend additional money on their services, which largely helps to save money.
2. You will personally control all the work, so you can be completely confident in the effectiveness of its implementation.

In order to build a bath with a steam room with your own hands, you should first build the order of work and adhere to the existing instructions and rules.

Steam room project creation

First of all, a project is being prepared, at least the simplest one, so that the plan for future work is clear. The main thing in the steam room is the stove, because there are a lot of them, and each of them has its own requirements for the dimensions of the steam room, the type of ventilation system, the place of installation of future shelves, and so on.

When deciding on the dimensions when arranging a steam room with your own hands, you should take into account the possible number of people simultaneously visiting the bath. This is very important, since it is necessary that they all feel comfortable in the steam room, and that there is no free space in the bath, which also requires heating costs. Most often, a steam room is built with dimensions of 2400 × 2000 mm and a height of 2200 mm.

The construction of a steam room does not provide for the installation of windows, since artificial lighting will be sufficient. It is worth considering that for each installed window it will be necessary to think over thermal insulation, which entails additional costs. It is allowed to install one blind window no more than 50 × 50 cm. At the same time, in order to make the steam room properly, you should pay attention to the highest quality double-glazed windows, which have maximum efficiency in terms of sound and thermal insulation.

Before making a steam room in a bath, take into account the correct ventilation system in the project. Without normal circulation of air flows, the tree will quickly become unusable due to constant excessive humidity - over time, mold will form, and the microclimate itself will cease to be useful for humans.

After completing the creation of the project, it will become clearer how to make a steam room in the bath with your own hands, and you can proceed directly to the implementation of your plan. At the preparatory stage, it is recommended to carry out work on the arrangement of thermal insulation in the steam room.

Steam room insulation process

Thermal insulation should be thought out especially carefully, since otherwise more fuel will have to be spent on heating the bath and maintaining the desired temperature.

At the initial stage, the ceiling is prepared for insulation. It can be simply sheathed with foam plates, temporarily fixing them with any available means, and then sheathing with moisture-resistant plywood or other material similar in properties. Insulation is laid between the beams, while the minimum thickness of the slabs should be 10 cm. A vapor barrier is laid on top of the slabs, and the base under the slabs should also be covered with plastic wrap. See also: "How to make steam room insulation correctly and what materials to use."

At the next stage, the walls are insulated. First, a frame is made of a square wooden beam 50 × 50 cm, which is attached to the wall. The step is selected such that the insulation canvases can easily lie between the bars. As a rule, 5 cm is considered an acceptable insulation thickness for walls.

The joints adjacent between the slabs are glued with metallized tape. Mineral wool can be used as insulation for walls. In this case, a plastic film or other moisture-repellent material is also fixed under the insulation.

The floors in the steam rooms should not be insulated, but if there is still a desire, then you can limit yourself to backfilling expanded clay, followed by pouring a cement screed. And then put tiles or install wood flooring.

As a rule, a wooden lining is used as an interior decoration for a steam room.

First of all, shelves and benches are mounted, and after that they move on to clapboard cladding. As a material, coniferous tree species are best suited, because they emit a very pleasant smell and can, at the same time, have a healing effect on the body when heated.

The lining is fastened to pre-installed insulation and other materials to protect it from moisture. Planks are installed close to each other, and galvanized self-tapping screws can be used as fasteners.

Installation of floors in the bath

It is possible to build a bath with a steam room as high quality as possible if the floor is properly finished. The material used should not be afraid of frequent and sudden changes in both temperature and humidity levels. Best of all, aspen is suitable from the wood species - it is inexpensive and has a pleasant appearance, moreover, it is easy to process and serves for a very long time. Bath benches are best fixed to the wall, so you can save some space.

In addition, there is an alternative way of covering the floor in the bath - the use of ceramic tiles. This coating makes it possible to make the steam room in the bath easier than ever to use.

First, the base is cleaned and covered with a layer of a mixture of gravel and sand 15 cm thick. Then the backfill is compacted and filled with cement mortar, 5 cm thick, and leveled. Finally, after the mortar has set, lay the tiles.

Choosing a stove among a huge assortment, you can find structures made of brick and metal, which can be powered either by electricity or burn solid or liquid fuels. And each variety will have its own pros and cons.

In metal furnaces, the following disadvantages can be distinguished:

• their cooling after shutdown occurs rather quickly;
• touching the hot metal you can get burned, which will require that all safety measures be provided for the steam room when installing it.

In a brick oven, the only drawback can be considered the need to lay an independent foundation even before its installation.

Recently, ovens operating from the mains have shown themselves excellently. For them, you do not need to install a chimney, and you can easily carry out the installation yourself. However, the use of electrical appliances in saunas requires careful attention and adherence to a number of precautionary rules, the neglect of which can lead to events that can be detrimental to the visitors of the steam room.

The soapstone ovens deserve special attention. These are the latest units, which are notable for their ability to gradually and evenly heat the steam room. They emit a pleasant and soft warmth comparable to that produced by the sun.

It is preferable to place the stove in the corner closest to the door. It is considered the safest and, moreover, saves free space.

Installing the door in the steam room

At the final stage of the construction of the steam room, it will be necessary to install the door. In this process, it should be borne in mind that the door frame should be lower than usual, and the threshold should be higher than it is customary in houses. This approach makes it possible to reduce the amount of heat lost through the door, as well as prevent drafts from forming. The normal threshold height is 30 centimeters.

The door is installed in such a way that people who will enter it cannot accidentally get burned by the heated material. Wood conducts heat quite well - in this regard, it is better to cover the door with foil and special insulation on both sides of the door. You can hide these protective materials, for example, with a clapboard that is not afraid of moisture.

To avoid such nuances, and not to resort to additional work, it is better to purchase and install glass doors. They look perfect on the outside and will be resistant to any conditions that may arise in the bath.

We hope that everyone who has read the article now knows how to make a steam room in a bath with their own hands. The main thing is to pay maximum attention to the arrangement of the bath, your strength, and save finances only in special cases. As a result, you will build a really high-quality, beautiful, reliable and at the same time safe steam room that can work for many years, delighting you with its warmth.

Warming a steam room in a bath: step by step instructions

Features of reducing heat loss in the steam room

• The area of ​​the building is determined depending on the number of visitors present at the same time and the number of its rooms - a steam room, a locker room and others. The size of the steam room is usually 4-6 m2.
• The location of the changing room is planned closer to the entrance door of the bathhouse. This will keep cold air from entering the steam room.
• To preserve heat, the entrance from the steam room into the adjacent room can be designed in the form of a vestibule.
• The doorway for the steam room is made with a high threshold and a width of no more than 0.7 m.
• The sauna stove is located closer to the exit.
• To reduce heat losses through the window, the latter is made of a two-chamber double-glazed unit and is located at a height of 1 m from the floor of the double compartment.

Thermal insulation materials for steam room insulation

Thermal insulation of the ceiling of the steam room in the bath

1. Insulation is attached to the ceiling beams using a stapler, facing with a layer of aluminum foil inside the room, which at the same time serves as a heat-reflecting screen. This will reduce the cost of heating and keeping the heat in the steam room by 2-3 times. The joints of the overlapped insulator panels are glued with aluminum tape. Other vapor barrier materials are also used for baths, but they are not as effective.
2. Fastening of the ceiling lathing supporting the insulation is made with screws across the ceiling beams. The lathing is required for the installation of the external ceiling sheathing. On the inner side of the ceiling of the room, an air heat-reflecting gap is left between the future cladding and the sheets of foil insulation.
3. The selected insulation is laid from the side of the attic between the ceiling beams. It should be tight, without the slightest gaps.
4. On top of the insulation, a polyethylene film is laid and fixed to protect it from moisture and dust from the street. To avoid mechanical damage to the multilayer thermal insulation in the attic, a rough plank floor is laid along the beams.
5. At the last stage of work, the ceiling of the steam room is sheathed along the crate with wooden clapboard. The material for it can be hardwood - linden, aspen, etc. What material to choose is up to you.

Thermal insulation of the walls of the steam room in the bath

• To exclude the possibility of vapor condensate formation on the walls, the enclosing structures of the steam room are covered with a waterproofing film.
• The thermal insulation layer of mineral wool is placed in a lathing made of timber, which is stuffed onto the wall along the waterproofing and an intermediate layer of clean paper.
• The vapor barrier layer protects the insulation from exposure to humid air. For this purpose, a foil membrane is used, which is attached over the insulation to the crate with a stapler. The overlapping joints of her canvases are glued with metal tape.
• At the last stage, on top of the membrane, hardwood lining is attached to the wooden frame of the wall.

Thermal insulation of the steam room floor in the bath

Thermal insulation of a wooden floor in a steam room

Thermal insulation of the concrete floor in the steam room

1. Laying the base of the lower floor layer is made of a concrete mixture having a crushed stone fraction of 20-35 mm. The thickness of the concrete pad is 120-150 mm.
2. Waterproofing is installed after the concrete has cured. Roofing material, roofing felt and bituminous mastics can serve as materials for it. Before applying the latter, the base is painted with a special primer. Waterproofing is laid on the concrete surface after it has been treated with two or three layers of bituminous material.
3. For the installation of insulation, mineral wool, perlite, boiler slag with a layer of 250-300 mm, polystyrene, expanded clay with a layer of 100-150 mm, etc. are used.
4. The second floor layer is laid on a heat-insulating material. In the concrete of this layer, a finer fraction of crushed stone is used.

How to make floors in a steam bath

When a private bath is being built or overhauled, the floors in the steam room require special attention.
The floors must be strong, heat-resistant and not susceptible to moisture. Otherwise, they will quickly become unusable and you will have to completely change them.

Necessary properties of the floor in the steam room

Independent flooring in a steam bath requires compliance with the basic rules. According to standard technological characteristics, the floors in the bathhouse in the steam room and in the sink should have the following properties:

• trouble-free drainage of used water;
• the ability to maintain temperature for a long time;
• cleaning without much effort and the use of expensive household chemicals.

On a note! It is very important that the floors in the steam room do not create discomfort for the guests.

Cold and slippery surfaces, on which one step with bare feet, spoil all the pleasure of bathing procedures. Moreover, it is unsafe for health. Therefore, you need to carefully select the material and properly equip the floors in the steam bath; what materials are better to use, how to carry out all the necessary work, how to care for the finished floor in order to increase its service life - these and some other important issues will be covered in the proposed material.

What materials are needed

If you are going to make the floors in the bathhouse in the steam room with your own hands, you need to carefully study the laying technology and prepare everything you need. Regardless of the design of the floor and the planned finish, preparatory work will need to be done first. To carry them out, you will need the following materials:

• concrete screed components - cement, sand, gravel;
• reinforcing mesh;
• roll waterproofing - roofing material and / or polyethylene;
• insulation;
• wooden beams with a section of 30 by 50 mm, 70 by 100 mm and / or 50 by 80 mm, depending on the floor structure and the planned finishing coating;
• tongue-and-groove board with tongue-and-groove type - for non-leaking floors;
• flat board - for leaking floors;
• waste water outlet pipes;
• siphon and grate for arranging the drain;
• antiseptic and other solutions for wood pretreatment;
• brick;
• pipes made of asbestos-concrete composition.

For work, you need to prepare the following tools and accessories:

• tank for mixing the solution;
• construction mixer;
• scales and / or measuring container;
• nippers;
• tape measure, plumb line, level;
• hammer;
• technical knife;
• plane;
• grinder;
• sledgehammer;
• hammer drill or electric drill;
• hard brush.

Preparing the floor base in the steam room

When it is decided which floor is planned to be done in the steam bath, the installation of the base for it begins. In this case, it must be remembered that it is necessary to correctly calculate the angle of inclination of the surface for the drainage of water falling on the floor. On the Internet, you can find ready-made tables and other design materials for the correct manufacture of the floor structure.

After the design and manufacture of the base, it is necessary to install a pipe for draining waste water and select the location of the drain hole. It can be installed in the center of the room or against a wall. When placing the drain hole in the corner of the steam room, a special groove is mounted to it along the wall.

The most popular materials for flooring are concrete or plank. They can be used both individually and in combination. If a light frame bath is being designed, the floor in the steam room can be made of grooved boards or beams.

On a note! A combined floor made of wood and concrete is easier to equip, it turns out to be especially strong, comfortable and durable.

How to make a concrete floor in a steam room

At the stage of arranging the foundation, it is necessary to install a drain pipe for waste water under a slope. A pit is set up for the first end. The second end is passed through the side wall and brought to a septic tank, cesspool or sewer system.

The sump for the drain pipe is lined with bricks or filled with concrete. For the latter option, it is necessary to pre-assemble the formwork. It is erected from improvised material. You can use used, but still quite strong old boards or boards.

When the installation is completed, the pit is filled with soil from the outside to about 2/3 of the height. The pipe must be completely filled up. The soil needs to be leveled and tamped.

Further, under a slope, a gravel pad is laid from the pit to the wall. Here, the layer of bulk material must be made 2 times thicker. The pillow needs to be leveled and reinforced mesh over it to maintain the slope angle.

Now you need to make the floor insulation in the bathhouse in the steam room. To do this, a hard insulation flooring is laid on top of the mesh. You can use sheets of extruded polystyrene foam. Before pouring the final concrete layer, a reinforcing mesh is placed on the sheets and a roll-up waterproofer is spread.

In another version, a rough concrete screed with insulating additives is poured. For example, expanded polystyrene crumbs. The required thickness of the screed is from 3 to 5 cm. After the technological drying of the concrete, a reinforcing mesh is laid on it.

The final screed is poured strictly along the beacons to a thickness of at least 3 cm. For it, it is advisable to use a ready-made mortar or building mixture with the addition of microfiber. This will increase the moisture resistance and strength of the material.

The finished screed can be covered with liquid glass or liquid rubber to protect it from moisture. Another option is ceramic tiles. In this case, all seams must be treated with special compounds for tightness.

The drain hole is protected by a removable filter grid. This will keep out debris and stray objects. Subsequently, the filter will need to be periodically removed for thorough cleaning.

The finishing floor is made of boards pre-treated with special compounds. They are laid, leaving technological slots for free drainage of used water.

On a note! It is better to make the board cover removable. This will allow you to freely remove it and re-lay it after drying, cleaning and minor repairs.

Accidentally damaged elements will be easy to replace.

Steam room floor insulated from outside

To make an insulated floor in a steam bath, you first need to lay a pillow from compacted soil. This will preserve the integrity of the foundation. The drainage layer on top of the clay is poured from a mixture of sand and fine-grained bulk material - gravel, crushed stone, pebbles.

A drainage pit for waste water is formed in the center. It must be deepened and covered with a drainage mixture.

Lags for a wooden floor are made from asbestos concrete pipes. They also provide free air circulation in the underfloor space. The finishing layer is made of planks laid in increments of 5 to 7 mm to free the waste water.

Floor without rough concrete screed

The floor of such a structure is laid directly on a strip or columnar foundation. The free space between the elements of the base of the building is filled with a mortar of rough concrete. A tamped dirt pad can be used instead.

In the center of the steam room, it is necessary to build a tray by connecting it to the sewer pipe. This will make it easier for the waste water to drain off. You can use boards or plastic to make the tray. The base for it is one of the supporting elements of the foundation. A waterproofer must be installed under the tray.

The final floor covering is made of densely laid planks. The slope created in the process of arranging the floor ensures the drainage of waste water directly into the tray and then into the sewer pipe.

Horizontal floor in the steam room

In this version, the finished floor in a steam room in a wooden bath is laid horizontally. The drain structure is installed in the free space between the rough screed and the finishing coating.

This design allows you to free the floors in the bathhouse in the steam room and in the sink from the used water. For this, the drain hole is installed under the floor in the washing room.

The formation of the floor pie begins with the laying of the subfloor from the plank. Then the lags are laid. A pillow made of bulk material is poured into the free space between them. In this case, it is necessary to form a funnel for the passage of water. It is placed under the future drain hole. A drain pipe is connected to the bottom of the funnel.

Instead of a pillow, you can make a rough concrete screed, to which insulation is added. In this case, the lags must be treated with an antiseptic and waterproofed.

How to insulate a wooden floor in a steam room

Arrangement of an insulated floor without a rough concrete screed begins during the construction of the foundation. For a non-leaking floor, at this stage it is necessary to bring sewer pipes.

The upper level of the subfloor must be raised above the soil level by 40-60 cm. This is ensured by the installation of brick posts and / or walls. Logs (floor beams) are laid on them.

The next step is waterproofing. These works are carried out after the walls have been fully erected. First, you need to compactly compact the soil in the free space of the foundation. After that, a roll-up waterproofer is laid. It is best to use roofing material.

You can now lay subfloor joists and crossbars. They have a rough boardwalk on them. A roll-up vapor barrier is spread over it.

Next, mats or plates of insulation material are laid - mineral wool, expanded polystyrene, etc. On top of the insulation there is a waterproofing sheet. If the material is laid in pieces, it is necessary to make an overlap with a width of 20 cm. All technological seams are protected with moisture-resistant tape.

The drain pipe is carefully guided through all the layers of the floor cake and lifted over the top edge of the insulation. Around it, a crate is made of a board with a thickness of at least 15 cm.

When laying a plank covering, its level along the walls must be raised. For this, a bar with a thickness of 3 to 5 cm is used. This will form the necessary slope in the form of a funnel. This will drain the water to the drain. It is better to place it in the center of the steam room.

Instead of a drain hole, you can use a special tray installed along the wall or in the center of the steam room. In the first case, the floor rises against the opposite wall so that the water flows freely to the tray. In the second case, the floorboards are lifted along two walls parallel to the tray.

Laying the finished floor

On the finished base, you can lay a finishing coating. The boards are pre-treated with special compounds to protect against microorganisms and mold.

The cover is laid tightly. It is better to use tongue-and-groove tongue-and-groove boards. As a result, a smooth, even surface is formed without gaps, cracks, etc. A plinth is installed along the walls. Above the drain hole there is a removable crate. Important! All technological gaps around the drain must be filled with a sealant and additionally treated with a composition to increase moisture resistance.

Waste water drainage

In the absence of a sewer line for the disposal of waste water, it is necessary to equip a drainage well, gutter or pit. For a drainage well, you need to dig a hole. Its depth should be twice the level of soil freezing in the coldest season. For a small family bath, a drainage well of 90 x 90 or 100 x 100 cm will suffice.

At the bottom of the well, you need to fill up a pillow of bulk material with a thickness of about 0.5 meters. You can use expanded clay, crushed stone, broken brick or fine gravel. The inlet for the drainage pipe is arranged 20-30 cm below the ground level.

The device of the floor in a steam frame bath or a bath of another design requires special attention, accuracy and careful observance of all technologies. Read more about how to make floors in a steam bath, which is better, in the video suggested for viewing.

Particular attention should be paid to the partition in the bath between the steam room and the sink, since it (the partition) separates the rooms so different in terms of functionality. Such a partition can be made of bricks, boards, beams and even foam blocks. The choice of this or that material depends, first of all, on what the bath itself is built of. If this is a log or frame structure, then it is better to use a tree so as not to violate the general concept, and a brick is more suitable for a brick bath.

Partition in the bath between the steam room and the sink (wooden version)

In addition, the type of heating device in the steam room is also important. If we are talking about a traditional brick oven, then it is already a partition in itself. In this case, you just need to report it to the formation of a full-fledged wall. In the case of an iron stove (this option is preferable), the partition must be at least 10 cm away from it for fire safety purposes. Here, the partition can be either frame or from ordinary boards.

The structure described below is a wooden frame, sheathed with clapboard and insulated with mineral wool.

Design features

The partition will be installed on a concrete curb, the height of which will be 10 cm and the width - 12.5 cm. The curb is necessary not only to strengthen the structure, but also to put tiles along it, which will isolate the tree from water, at the end of the work.
This sill can be built both when pouring the screed (if the floor in the sink is concrete), and directly during installation, by constructing formwork from the boards. For better adhesion to concrete, the walls of the formwork must be coated with a deep primer and concrete contact (for example, manufactured by the Knauf company).
The base will be attached to the curb with anchors (1.6 cm). The end posts will be inserted into specially made grooves in the walls and secured with hex screws (9x0.8 cm). It is desirable that the grooves in the racks themselves be oval and longitudinal - so the frame will not be an obstacle to the upsetting of the log house. In this case, the screws will slide with the walls, there will be no excessive load on the frame, as well as on the structure as a whole.
The upper horizontal bar of the frame must be located at least 3 cm from the ceiling. Thanks to the resulting gap, the expansion or settlement of the log house will be compensated for when exposed to atmospheric phenomena. Therefore, vertical grooves in the walls are made along the entire height - from floor to ceiling.
For thermal insulation, it is necessary to use mineral wool 10 cm thick. The dimensions of individual cells of the future structure are 120x60 cm and correspond to the standard dimensions of the insulation plates. On both sides, the cotton wool should be covered with plastic wrap and secured with a mounting stapler - this will prevent moisture penetration and, as a result, preserve the sound and thermal insulation properties of the material.
The lining will be fixed with clamps to the lathing made of strips of 2.5x5 cm. The lathing itself must be mounted on top of the film and fixed on the frame using wood screws. The lining will fit from the corner of the structure using the "tongue-in-groove" technology. From the steam room, the lower batten of the sheathing is attached to the floor, and from the sink it is placed on the curb and fixed only to the vertical supports.
After the installation of the door frame, the final finishing is carried out. First, it is necessary to install the skirting boards (one end should be brought into the groove of the wall), then the edges of the structure are covered with platbands (the latter must also be inserted into the grooves).
The platband in the upper part of the partition can be attached directly to the ceiling, but only on condition that it moves with it, without exerting any influence on the wall itself. The gap formed between the structure and the ceiling must be sealed with cotton wool or any other thermal insulation material.
Wooden elements will be connected with galvanized self-tapping screws. Self-tapping screws can also be used to connect open elements. To "hide" the screw heads, step holes should be made in the appropriate places in advance; when all the screws are screwed in, they will need to be closed with wooden pins of the required size.

Stage one. Preparatory work

First, you need to prepare the walls and make a border. The algorithm of actions should be as follows.

Step 1. In opposite walls, grooves are marked and cut out with a chainsaw, the dimensions of which should be 4x21.5 cm (the height depends on the specific ceiling height, but on average it is 250 cm).

Step 3. The floor surface in the formwork must be treated with concrete contact and a deep primer. To make the bond more reliable, you can also drill holes inside the formwork with a step of about 20 cm, drive in dowels and screw in the screws ½.

Step 4. After that, the formwork must be poured with concrete. When the concrete hardens, it must be covered with roofing material in two layers.

Stage two. Frame construction

Step 1. The manufacture of the frame begins with cutting blanks for its base. The dimensions of the blanks should be as follows: 6x10x210 cm and 6x10x176 cm. Having made the holes for the anchors, the blanks must be installed on the curb, mark and make similar holes there.

Step 2. The workpieces are securely fastened with anchors - at least three for each of them.

Step 4. An opening is made for the door frame - vertical posts are placed, the dimensions of which are 6x10x206 cm. It is important that the clearance on each side is 1 cm larger than the frame dimensions.

Step 5. With the help of self-tapping screws, the frame jumper is attached to the wood.

On a note! At this stage, special attention should be paid to the accuracy of the dimensions of the frame frame, since the quality of the entire partition will largely depend on this. Verticality, horizontality, conformity of sizes - all this will affect how the design will turn out.

Stage three. Thermal insulation. Installation of the lathing

Step 1. Mineral wool mats must be placed in the cells. If necessary, the material is trimmed with a cutting knife.

Step 2. On both sides of the frame, a plastic film is fixed to it (this must be done with a stapler), after which it is spread from top to bottom.

Step 3. The lathing is installed in compliance with a step of 40 cm.

On a note! If desired, the film can be fixed even at the stage of assembling the frame - this will simultaneously solve the problem of fixing it in the lower part of the structure.

Stage four. Door frame

Step 1. With an opening size of 82x206 cm, a frame of 80x205 cm must be installed there (taking into account 1-cm gaps on both sides). At the end of the installation, checking the verticality / horizontalness and fixing the frame to the uprights, all formed gaps must be blown out with polyurethane foam. Excess hardened foam is cut off with a mounting knife.

Step 2. Due to the fact that the frame has a width of 11.5 cm (this is a standard indicator), the open elements of the opening are overlapped from the sink by planed boards of 60x30 mm. At the same time, special attention is paid to the fact that the vertical plane that runs along the outer edges of the boards must correspond to the plane of the outer edges of the lining.

Stage five. Tiling the sink

Finishing can be carried out both after the installation of the lining, and before it. It is important that the joint between the forcing and the end of the tile is made with the utmost precision and without any gaps. You can cover the floor at any convenient time.

Stage six. Clapboard sheathing

The installation of the lining begins from the corner and is carried out using the "tenon in the groove" technology. This means that the thorn of each next sheet is placed in the groove of the previous one. Fastening to the lathing is carried out using iron clamps.

The last element of the lining is trimmed in accordance with the required dimensions, after which it is fastened with nails without heads (in order to avoid accidental burns) or with ordinary self-tapping screws, provided that it is subsequently closed with pins.

Stage seven. Installation of skirting boards and platbands. Final finishing of the edges of the structure

Step 1. For platbands, the same lining is suitable that was used for finishing. By means of a circular board, the lining should be cut to length, and then the edges should be cleaned with a hand mill (using a radius cutter). The vertical platband is joined to the horizontal one strictly at an angle of 45 degrees.

Step 2. The skirting boards in the steam room are attached to the floor (if it is planked) and to the racks through the lining (in those places where it can be done).

Step 3... Along the edges of the structure, platbands of the vertical type must be inserted into the grooves of the walls, and then attached to the lining itself with self-tapping screws. In this case, stepped holes are made, and the heads of the twisted screws are hidden by wooden pins.

Step 4. The planks installed in the upper part of the structure will only serve as a decorative function. They need to be attached to the ceiling with self-tapping screws, after having drilled holes on it, but they will not be inserted into the grooves.

The described option is suitable for the already settled and standing for the required time of the felling of the bath. The compensation gap, which must be left between the wall and the ceiling (3 cm), is necessary in case of a change in the dimensions of the frame itself. If complete settlement has not yet occurred, the gap increases to 7-8 cm.

Ordinary boards can be used as cladding. Both they and the lining should be only made of hardwood, since coniferous wood at high temperatures emits resin. Also note that all the bars in the frame should be treated with an antiseptic.

The partition in the bath between the steam room and the sink can also be made of brick. Here it is better to use a spoonful of ½ brick (or, as an option, a whole brick). Such a structure will weigh quite a lot, therefore, in order to facilitate it, hollow bricks can be used.

Stage one. Training

Before starting work, it is necessary to prepare all work surfaces. The plank covering is removed from the floor to the very foundation, then everything is cleaned with a wet broom. Further, the workplace is equipped with good lighting, all items that are not needed in the work are taken out of the room. The contours of the structure are outlined.

Stage two. Solution

To work, you will need the following equipment:

• sieve;
• Sander;
• shovel;
• mixing tank.

Step 1. First, you need to sift the sand in order to clean it from foreign objects. A sieve is constructed from a fine mesh netting and 4 bars. The sand is carefully sieved.

Step 3. The mixing ratio is 3: 1. First, you should fill in six buckets of sand and two buckets of cement. Water is added, the solution is mixed with a shovel. This volume of solution will be enough for about an hour of work.

Step 4... The solution is kneaded until the consistency of thick sour cream. At the end of mixing, it will begin to harden and shrink, but you should not add water - you just need to stir it every 15 minutes.

Stage three. Building

For this stage, you need the following tools:

• level;
• pick;
• trowel;
• plumb line;
• rule.

Step 1.	The twine is pulled - it will be a reference point. The mortar is laid and leveled with a trowel, the horizontal position is checked. Then you need to wait a little for the solution to set.
Step 2.	On top of it, another layer is applied and the laying of row No. 1 begins.
Step 3.	The first brick with the mortar applied to the end is laid on the surface and pressed against the wall. Next, the brick is tapped and leveled along the twine, excess mortar is immediately removed.
Step 4.	If a doorway is planned (and in most partitions it is), then it must be set up in advance. Using the spacers, install the door frame. It is checked for horizontal / vertical position, if necessary, its position is corrected.
Step 5.	The brick is laid close to the box. To bind the partition to it or to wooden walls, metal strips are used: they should be bent and screwed to the side surfaces so that they (strips) are between the bricks; you can also use reinforcing rods.
Step 6.	At the end of row 1, the brick is broken into two parts using a pickaxe. The second row begins with one of these halves. The twine stretched horizontally is carried higher to make it easier to navigate. The third row begins the same as the first.

On a note! Bandaging the masonry is a must. Thanks to this, the load on the structure will be evenly distributed, and the partition itself will turn out to be more durable.

1. Every five rows, steel strips or pieces of reinforcement are placed in the seams - this will strengthen the structure.
2. The structure is tied to the walls with steel strips, and auxiliary reinforcement can be applied to the door frame (ideally, this should be a channel of the appropriate size).
3. The gap formed between the ceiling and the wall is filled with small pieces of bricks that have been soaked in concrete beforehand. The pieces must be pressed as tightly as possible to each other. All cracks are sealed with tow, also treated with cement mortar.

Video - We put a partition in ½ brick

Foam concrete blocks (made of gas or foam concrete) are distinguished by the fact that, with insignificant (compared to brick) weight, they are large, which means that the laying will be carried out much faster.

Standard blocks are 300 mm high and 600 mm long. The thickness depends on the type of room where the partition is planned, but in most cases, products of 75 mm, 100 mm and 150 mm are used. The cost of foam blocks ranges from 21.5-49.5 rubles, depending on the thickness.

The laying procedure is not much different from the previous version, but there are still some differences. Below is the sequence of actions.

Stage one. Markup

Initially, the floor and walls are prepared in the same way as in the case of brickwork. Then the cord is pulled and the doorway is marked. In accordance with the markings "dry" the first row of blocks is laid out, if necessary, trimming is performed. A grinder is suitable for this, although it is better to use a stone hacksaw. In the absence of these tools, a simple hacksaw is used.

In place of the future structure, waterproofing is placed (roofing material is suitable) in two layers.

Stage two. Installation

For laying foam blocks, special glue is used, which must be diluted in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. The glue must be kneaded with an electric drill with a special mixer attachment. The adhesive composition is applied to the foam block with a layer of 3 mm, then the block is put in place and tapped, the vertical / horizontal is checked. Each new row of foam blocks must be displaced somewhere by ½ the width of the product to make the partition more durable.

Where the partition meets the main walls, it is tied with pieces of reinforcement or large nails. For this, holes are made in the walls, reinforcement with glue is inserted there at least 50 mm. Depressions can be made in the blocks themselves, although it is preferable to put the products directly on the rods that stick out of the walls.

On a note! When the height of the partition reaches the upper part of the doorway, two reinforcement rods with a diameter of 1.6 cm are laid in this place. The length of the rods must exceed the width of the opening by at least 10 cm. Blocks are laid on top of the reinforcement up to the ceiling.

Stage three. Plaster

For plaster, you can use the same adhesive solution with which the masonry was made. If necessary, channels are created for laying communications. At the end of the plaster, the surface is dried, putty, painted or tiled.

In some cases (if the weight of the structure is insignificant), a partition made of foam blocks can be built directly on a wooden floor. Although there are some nuances here.

1. When buying blocks, you need to pay attention to the quality of their surfaces. The smoother the surfaces, the better the finish will be.
2. The dimensions of the blocks depend on the place of installation, while the density does not play any role.
3. It is advisable to purchase blocks manufactured using cutting technology.
4. If the foam blocks are moistened with water before work, this will increase the density of the masonry.
5. The blocks of each new row must be displaced to avoid vertical seams.
6. It is advisable to leave a small gap (about 100 mm) between the partition and the ceiling, which must be filled with polyurethane foam.

Video - Laying partitions from foam blocks

The steam room is a key part of any Russian bath, which people go to just to steam. The arrangement of the steam room must first of all guarantee a safe and high-quality rest. All this can be achieved independently, without attracting additional labor. Do-it-yourself steam room is the most profitable option, since today it is extremely expensive to hire a construction team. So how to make a steam room correctly?

Making a bath with your own hands is a simple technological process that does not require professional skills. The layout of the building is quite simple, so you don't need to have experience with drawings and diagrams. It is important to study the stages of work in detail, to get acquainted with clear, competent instructions and comments.

Creating a steam room project

First of all, you need to carefully analyze the concept of the bath device. Since the steam room is the center of any Russian bath, you need to approach the process of its arrangement very carefully.

A do-it-yourself bath primarily involves the creation of a competent project. It should display where and what will be located. The area of ​​the steam room must be calculated based on the size of the oven and the number of people who will wash at the same time. When you decide on these parameters, you need to correctly calculate the space so that people are spacious and comfortable.

For a family of 3 people, you will need a steam room with an average size of 2x1.8 m and a height of 2.3 m. space, it will take more time and fuel.

The original design of the steam room

As for the windows, the design of the steam room does not imply their presence. However, if there is an irresistible desire to install them, it is desirable that the window should be small, maximum 50x50 cm. The best thermal insulation will be the installation of a modern glass unit.

The window, of course, will add light to the room, but it will take time to insulate all the cracks around. Otherwise, heat will escape from the room through these openings.

Arrangement of ventilation is obligatory. Bath ventilation is a well thought out exhaust system that will remove all excess moisture from the room. As you know, high humidity inside a building can lead to the appearance of pathogenic bacteria such as mold or mildew. In addition, moisture affects the durability of building materials. Since most Russian baths are built of wood or lined with wood, high-quality air exchange is essential to protect the wood from destruction, swelling and other deformations. A stable level of humidity is important for health, therefore, the arrangement of ventilation must be approached very responsibly.

Some of the nuances of construction

In order to competently make a steam room with your own hands, you need to know the nuances that can help in arranging a bath. First of all, you need to find out what building materials and tools are needed for the work. The most important thing is the ability to correctly choose and install the main elements of the steam room: floor, ceiling, shelves, stove, lighting, ventilation, door and window openings.

When building a bath, it will not be superfluous to take into account some of the nuances.

• When choosing a stove, you need to pay attention to the following technological and design features: the number of stones and the rate of their heating, the material of the grate in the firebox, the heat resistance of the steel sheathing, power, and the appearance of the unit. On average, a 22 m² steam room requires a 24 kW oven. This will heat the steam room, as well as adjacent rooms: dressing room, washroom and dressing room.
• If you wish, you can make a stove with your own hands. This will significantly save financial resources.

The concrete floor of the steam room is tiled

As for the material for the floor, tiles are best suited for the bath, preferably from porcelain stoneware or natural stone. On top of it, you need to lay a wooden flooring in order not to slip, moving along the floor. It is not necessary to equip thermal insulation for the floor, but it is necessary to make a drain hole for accelerated drainage of water. It is not recommended to make the floor itself from wood, as this material is susceptible to deformation under the influence of moisture.

• The average ceiling height should not exceed 2.2 meters. This is due to the properties of steam and the physiological characteristics of a person. If you make the ceiling higher, all the steam will go up and high-quality vaping will not work. If you lower the ceiling strongly, there will be a risk of hitting your head against it, getting up from the shelf, or the broom will constantly beat against the ceiling.
• Window openings are optional. Doors are best made from either wood or glass. A wooden door is a traditional option, while a glass door is practical as it will not be exposed to moisture.

The lighting inside the bath should not be flashy and bright. It is desirable that it be soft and pleasing to the eyes. The wiring in the bath is best done from a heat-resistant cable in order to protect the premises from a possible short circuit.

Do-it-yourself steam room construction: step-by-step instructions

A do-it-yourself bath begins with a project. It can be very simple, but you can't do without it. If the project was created in a specialized institution, then, having completed everything according to the scheme, you should get an excellent result.

The creation of a project begins with the correct choice of a place for installing the furnace, from which they are repelled in further work. Next, the dimensions of the steam room are calculated based on the area of ​​the site for construction. The project specifies materials for flooring, setting levels and other details.

Advice for those who are not familiar with the device of the bath: in order to build a high-quality steam room, you need to provide for the installation of ventilation in advance. The ventilation scheme implies the arrangement of the supply and exhaust openings. The exhaust must be located above the ceiling, and the supply must be under the stove.

It is imperative to install a valve on the ventilation system in order to regulate the process. Most often, the ventilation duct is made of aluminum corrugated pipes.

Required materials and tools:

Multi-layer wall construction

• corrugated pipe made of aluminum;
• mineral wool;
• insulation;
• aluminum foil as vapor barrier;
• sealant;
• waterproofing material;
• adhesive double-sided tape;
• building level;
• construction stapler;
• small nails;
• hammer.

The process of building a bath includes 5 main stages: creating a project, the process of insulation, finishing, installation of floors and stoves, installation of doors and window openings.

Steam room insulation

The insulation process starts from the ceiling and gradually moves to the floor.

Thermal insulation of the floor in the bath

1. When choosing materials, you need to focus on their safety and quality. The most commonly used materials are mineral wool, foil-clad basalt, foam, ecowool, fibrolite.
2. Work begins by removing dust, dirt, mold and other contaminants.
3. All surfaces must be covered with a waterproofing material. For the competent implementation of this stage, it is better to prepare in advance and read special literature.
4. Insulation is laid on top of the waterproofing. The material must be primarily waterproof and fireproof. On the ceiling, you need 2 times more insulation than on the floor, since all the heat goes upstairs.
5. The insulation is covered with a vapor barrier. Most often, aluminum foil is used, which protects well against moisture. In addition, this material tends to reflect heat, so all the steam will only keep inside the room.
6. The foil should be attached to the batten with a stapler or studs.
7. A new frame is mounted on top of the vapor barrier, which is necessary for clapboarding.
8. All joints are treated with a sealant.

Wall decoration, installation of floors, stoves and doors

When studying the question of how to make a steam room, it turns out that an important stage is finishing the room with clapboard. How do you do it? Easy. To begin with, a frame is constructed, after which the lining itself is attached to it.

It is best to choose a lining made of coniferous wood, which will make the atmosphere more comfortable due to its unique smell. At the same time, hardwoods provide better airtightness and vapor barrier.

After sheathing, you need to start doing interior furnishings and creating comfort. How to make the steam room more comfortable? This requires the installation of shelves, and the higher they are, the more heat and steam the resting person will receive. The stove should be installed or built in the corner closest to the door to save space and safety.

The door, like window openings, must be well insulated so as not to let out heat. In addition, it is desirable that there are no gaps between the door and the loot, otherwise steam will pass through them. It is best to purchase a glass door and insulate it.

This completes the arrangement of the steam room. The main thing is to follow all the recommendations and the sequence of work.

DIY steam room: step by step instructions

DIY steam room: step by step instructions, photo

The construction of a room for a steam room is only a part of the full range of works on the arrangement of a Russian bath. A properly constructed steam room is a guarantee of the safety of bath procedures, as well as quality rest. Do-it-yourself steam room will allow you to show your personal individuality and will make it possible to significantly save on construction.

How to make a steam room in a bath with your own hands: step-by-step instructions with photos and videos

The construction of a steam room with your own hands implies a certain sequence of some work:

• Project creation.
• The choice of the oven for the steam room and its location.
• Room decoration.
• Lighting design.
• Let's take a closer look at each of these stages.

How to make a project right?

Before you start arrangement works steam rooms in a bath with your own hands, you need to develop a project that will provide for all the features of such a specific room, taking into account the realities of today and age-old traditions.

The design must be carried out taking into account the main factors: the number of people who are simultaneously in the room and the size of the oven.

For a family of three, an area of ​​approximately 200x200 cm with a room height of 2200 cm is sufficient. There is a wrong opinion, that a positive moment in this case will be a certain amount of space. This is not at all the case, since with an increase in the area of ​​the steam room, it will take a lot of time and energy to reach the required temperature.

Most often, during the construction of the steam room, windows are not provided in it. If necessary, the window must be as small as possible (no more than 50x50 cm). To create the necessary thermal insulation, it is best to make windows using modern technologies that will make it possible to achieve the desired effect. Moreover, the arrangement of the window requires careful thermal insulation of the cracks during its installation.

The steam room must certainly be equipped with a ventilation system... The ventilation system must ensure that excess moisture is released from the bath. This need is explained by the requirement to eliminate favorable conditions for the appearance of pathogenic organisms in the form of mold and fungi.

Moreover, operating time of finishing building materials depends directly on the level of humidity in the steam room, since in its overwhelming majority the entire bath is finished with wood. Humidity, which is in an acceptable standard, has a positive effect on the health of the human body.

Features of the construction of a steam room

When arranging a steam room with your own hands, you need to adhere to a number of rules.

Choosing a stove

The main parameters from which the operation of the oven will depend, are: the number of stones and the duration of their heating, the power consumption of the furnace, the material of the grate, the heat resistance of the body and the design of the unit. To provide heat, in addition to the steam room, adjacent rooms with a total area of ​​24 square meters have enough power of 25 kW. Do-it-yourself stove construction will make it possible to save costs for the overall construction of the bath.

Floor finishing

In the role of material for flooring the best solution is to use natural stone or use porcelain stoneware tiles. For safe movement, a boardwalk is laid. It is not necessary to insulate the floor at all. Moreover, one of the requirements for the arrangement of the floor is the execution of a hole for the outlet of water. Wood as a material for flooring is not a good option, since high humidity will lead to its deformation and rapid failure.

Ceiling decoration

For the ceiling, a height of about 2200 cm is quite enough, this explained by human physiology and the physical properties of steam. With a ceiling size that exceeds this value, the steam will go up and the effect of its action will simply be lost. Decreasing the height will lead to discomfort during bath procedures, since there is a possibility of head injury, and difficulties arise when working with a broom.

Doors and windows

Installation of windows is not considered a prerequisite. Glass or wood will be the most optimal material for building doors.

• A glass door is practical.
• The wooden door is a tradition.

Determining the correct location of the oven and selecting the steam source

Important factors when choosing a stove are the size of the steam room, the source of energy and the method of generating steam.

Kamenka- this is a traditional decision when choosing a stove for a bath. Stones are placed inside this oven. Wood is the traditional fuel, but gas or electricity can be used. Furnaces can be of several types.

Types of heaters

The heater can be closed or open. If several people at the same time are planning to visit a bathhouse, the best choice is an open view of the heater. The firebox (the place where the fuel burns) is not equipped with refractory masonry. It is the place where stones are placed. This device of the stove makes it possible to heat the stones and warm up all the premises of the bath. When exposed to water, heaters with this device quickly lose temperature. This design is used in electric ovens.

Closed oven considered a traditional option arrangement of a bath. At the same time, a large number of stones are placed in a special place in the furnace. In this case, steam is discharged through a special door, its level is opposite the stones in the first row. During fuel combustion, this door must be closed. To heat the steam room, open it in advance.

The main stages of finishing the steam room

What material to choose for finishing?

The choice of material is an important step during the decoration of the steam room.

At an affordable cost, pine is not the best material for the steam room. This type of wood contains resins, which are released outside under the influence of elevated temperatures. The most suitable material in this case is linden. Features of this type of wood exclude burns and make it possible to keep the appearance of the cladding unchanged for a long time.

The possibility of using poplar, birch, or aspen is not excluded. Deciduous trees dry out quickly, thereby creating a specific microclimate in the steam room, and also have good durability.

It is strictly forbidden to use linoleum and wood slabs for finishing the bath. In addition to the fact that these materials are fire hazardous, they are hazardous to human health at high humidity and temperature.

Insulation of walls and ceilings

An important condition during the arrangement of the steam room is the construction of a sealed room. For this task, mineral-based thermal insulation is used; it is isolated from steam using aluminum foil. A special adhesive tape is used to join its edges. Elevated temperatures do not make it possible in this case to use the film, as a result of its deformation. External finishing must imply the construction of closable ventilation openings.

For facing the ceiling, a planed board 2-3 cm thick is used. To the beams, their fasteners are made using nails, which must be long, 3 times the thickness of the board. You can improve the ventilation system by leaving a small gap between the boards and rounding their corners.

Finishing with lining

I must say that the lining, as material for finishing the premises of the bath, got the most popularity. The characteristics of this material allow performing the necessary thermal insulation and revetting the surface of the walls, giving them an attractive appearance. Moreover, the excellent air permeability of the material does not provide conditions for the occurrence of mold and mildew, as well as the appearance of condensation.

Front laying the lining in the steam room this material is left in it for a certain time so that it can adapt to the microclimate conditions. In the presence of significant defects in the surface of the walls, they must be corrected so that the material does not lay down "waves". Fastening is carried out using screws or staples. We must not forget about the fact that most often it is not possible to achieve the ideal surface of the walls without installing the lathing.

During the selection of fasteners, it is necessary to take into account the conditions of their operation. Their material must withstand high temperatures and humidity, as well as prevent the likelihood of injury to those who are soaring.

Floor finishing

Steam room finishing procedure produce with floor organization. It is advised to raise it 15-20 cm above the floor level in the rest of the premises. This will make it possible to keep warm in the steam room due to the absence of drafts. As a material, it is better to use edged or grooved boards, as well as tiles. The level of safety of movement in the room depends on this choice.

The flooring of the boards is carried out on logs, which are installed on brick posts. Concrete or sand serves as a base for them. For installation, fasteners made of bronze, galvanized, brass or stainless steel are used.

Specific the conditions of the steam room provide some requirements for the organization of lighting in it:

• to create diffused light, it is better to use matte shades;
• the plafond must be made of moisture-resistant and heat-resistant material;
• plafonds must be reinforced;
• luminaires cannot be placed on the ceiling;
• the maximum power of the lamps must be 50 watts.

Steam room design ideas

The arrangement of the steam room does not differ in variety and has a classic interior, which consists of benches of different levels and a stove-heater.

The location of the shelves should meet different needs and match your personal preference. When using the room zoning option, you can cover the stove with a stone, and install the benches of wood.

When decorating a steam room, a popular design solution is the device of windows through which you can observe the surrounding landscape.

That's basically it, what you need to know, if you do the installation and design of the steam room in the bath with your own hands. The work is not difficult, while building for yourself is only a pleasure. The most important thing is to do everything competently and not to miss any trifles, and in this case, any bath procedure will bring health to the whole body and indescribable pleasure.

How to make the right steam room with your own hands in the bath: step-by-step instructions, photos and videos

Do-it-yourself steam room: the main stages of the device. Step-by-step instruction

The construction of a room for a steam room is only part of the entire complex of works on organizing a Russian bath. A properly equipped steam room is a guarantee of quality rest and safety of bath procedures. Do-it-yourself steam room will allow you to get significant savings and will give you the opportunity to show your individuality.

Step-by-step instructions for setting up a steam room

Arranging a steam room with your own hands involves performing a certain sequence of operations:

• Project development.
• The choice of the oven and its location.
• Room decoration.
• Organization of lighting.

Let's move on to a detailed consideration of each of the stages.

The height of the ceilings is determined by the purpose of finding a person in the steam room

Steam room project: basic principles

Before starting work on the arrangement of the steam room, it is necessary to create a project that provides for all the subtleties of this specific room, taking into account the age-old traditions and realities of the present time.

The design should be carried out depending on the main factors: the size of the stove and the number of people simultaneously staying in the room.

For a family of three, an area of ​​about 2x2 meters with a steam room height of 2.2 m is sufficient. There is a misconception that a certain amount of space will be a positive moment in this case. This is not true, since with an increase in the volume of the steam room, a large expenditure of energy and time will be required to reach the required temperature.

It is better to make the window small

As a rule, when constructing a steam room, windows are not provided. If necessary, the window should be as small as possible (no more than 500x500 mm). To create sufficient thermal insulation, it is advisable to make windows using modern technologies that allow you to achieve the desired effect. In addition, the arrangement of the window will require careful insulation of the cracks during its installation.

The steam room must be equipped with ventilation. The exhaust system must ensure the removal of excess moisture from the room. This requirement is due to the need to eliminate favorable conditions for the development of pathogenic microorganisms in the form of fungi and mold.

In addition, the service life of finishing materials directly depends on the level of humidity in the room, since in the overwhelming majority of cases the steam room is finished with wood. Humidity within acceptable limits has a beneficial effect on human health.

Features of the arrangement of the steam room

When building a steam room with your own hands, you must adhere to the following recommendations.

Choosing a stove

The main parameters on which the operation of the device depends are: the number of stones and the duration of their heating, the heat resistance of the case, the material of the grate, the power consumption of the unit and its design. To provide heat, in addition to the steam room, adjacent rooms with a total area of ​​22 square meters, a power of 24 kW is sufficient. Making a stove with your own hands will reduce the cost of arranging a bath.

Choosing a stove is an important matter

Floor cladding

As a material for floors, the best solution would be to use porcelain stoneware tiles or the use of natural stone. For safe movement, a boardwalk is laid. Floor insulation is not required. In this case, one of the requirements for the floor is the device of a hole for draining water. Wood as a material for the floor is not the best option, since high humidity will lead to its deformation and early failure.

A sufficient height for the ceiling is 2.2 m, which is associated with the physical properties of steam and human physiology. Will the steam escape upward if the ceiling is higher than the specified value? and the effect of its impact will be lost. Lowering the height will lead to discomfort during bath procedures, as there will be a possibility of head injury, and difficulties will arise when working with a broom.

Windows and doors

The organization of the windows is optional.

Wood or glass is the best material for making doors. If a wooden door is a tradition, then glass is practicality.

Selecting a Steam Source and Determining a Place for the Stove

An important factor when choosing a stove is the method of generating steam, the source of energy and the size of the steam room.

The heater is a classic solution when choosing a stove for a Russian bath. Stones are laid inside it.

Wood is the traditional fuel, but both electricity and gas can be used.

There are several types of stoves.

The installation of such a stove will provide a unique atmosphere in the bath. Even the fact that such a device requires periodic cleaning of stones from soot cannot spoil the pleasure of taking a bath procedure. To reduce the formation of soot, use aspen wood as fuel. To maintain a stable temperature, it is necessary to constantly monitor the combustion process.

Steam room with wood-burning stove

Electric

The electric heater is very easy to use. Such an electrical appliance is compact, has sufficient power and allows you to quickly reach the required temperature. Its device does not require the organization of a chimney.

The electric heater is safe for the environment and humans, its maintenance is simplified as much as possible due to the use of automation, design features exclude the possibility of injury.

The main disadvantage of the device is the significant power consumption.

Electric heater

The use of a gas oven is characterized by ease of operation, high heating rate and maintaining the set temperature in the steam room.

A significant disadvantage of this apparatus are the dimensions of the furnace and the significant need for the apparatus in gas. The use of a furnace of this type is impractical if there is no connection to the gas main.

Stove types

The heater stove can be open or closed.

There are different types of stoves

In the case when several people are planning to take bath procedures, the open type of heater is the best choice. The firebox (place of fuel combustion) has no refractory masonry. It serves as a place for laying stones. Such arrangement of the stove allows you to heat all the rooms of the bath, and the stones get hot.

When exposed to water, heaters with such a device quickly lose temperature. This design is used in electric heating ovens.

A closed sauna heater is a traditional way of setting up a Russian bath. At the same time, a large number of stones are located in a specially designated place of the furnace. In this case, steam comes out through a special door, the level of which is located opposite the stones of the first row. During the combustion process, this door must remain closed. To warm up the steam room, it is opened in advance.

Steam room decoration: main stages

Which material to choose?

The choice of material is an important step in the production of steam room finishes.

There are no trifles in the steam room device

With its availability, pine is not a suitable material for this room. This type of wood contains resins, which, under the influence of high temperatures, are released onto the surface of the material.

The most suitable material in this case may be linden. The characteristics of this type of wood do not allow burns and allow you to keep the appearance of the finish unchanged for a long time.

The possibility of using aspen, birch, or poplar is not excluded. Deciduous trees dry out quickly, thereby creating a specific microclimate in the steam room, and are durable.

The use of wood and linoleum slabs for finishing the bath is strictly not allowed. In addition to the fact that these materials are fire hazardous, they become unsafe for human health at high temperatures and humidity.

How to insulate the ceiling and walls?

An important condition for the construction of a steam room is the creation of the tightness of the room. For this purpose, mineral-based insulation is used, which is isolated from steam using aluminum foil.

A special adhesive tape is used to join its edges. High temperatures do not allow the use of the film in this case, due to its deformation. Exterior decoration should include the organization of closable ventilation openings.

Warming

For finishing the ceiling, a planed board with a thickness of 20-30 mm is used. Fastening them to the beams is carried out using nails, which must have a length three times the thickness of the board. You can improve ventilation by rounding the corners of the boards and leaving a small gap between them.

Decorating with a pair of clapboard

It should be noted that the lining has gained great popularity as a finishing material for the premises of the bath. The properties of this material make it possible to create the required thermal insulation and finish the surface of the walls, making them attractive. In addition, the good air permeability of the material does not create conditions for the formation of condensation, the occurrence of fungi and mold.

Before installing the lining in the steam room, it is left in it for a while, so that the material adapts to the conditions of the microclimate of the room.

In the presence of significant defects in the surface of the wall, they should be eliminated so that the material does not lie in waves. Fastening takes place with staples or screws. It is necessary to take into account the fact that in most cases it is not possible to achieve an ideal wall surface without the construction of a lathing.

Lining

When choosing fasteners, the operating conditions should be taken into account. Their material must withstand high humidity and temperature, as well as exclude the possibility of human injury.

How is the floor in the steam room finished?

The process of finishing the bath begins with the organization of the floor. It is recommended to raise it by 150-200 mm above the floor level in other rooms. This allows you to keep warm in the steam room due to the absence of drafts.

Shunted plank floor

It is best to use a tile, tongue-and-groove or edged board as a material. The level of safety of movement in the room and its comfort will depend on the choice made.

The flooring is made of planks on logs, which are placed on brick posts. They are based on sand or concrete. For installation, fasteners are used from galvanized, bronze, brass or stainless steel.

The specific conditions in the room determine a number of requirements for the organization of lighting in it:

• the shade must be made of heat-resistant and moisture-resistant material;
• to create diffused lighting, it is better to use matte shades;
• luminaires should not be placed on the ceiling;
• plafonds must be reinforced;
• the maximum lamp power should be 60 watts.

Lighting will create an atmosphere of mystery

Steam room design: ideas

The device of the steam room does not differ in variety and has a traditional interior, consisting of a stove-heater and multilevel benches.

The arrangement of the shelves should suit your preferences and different needs. When using the space zoning method, you can impose a stone on the stove, and make the benches of wood.

A modern design solution is the arrangement of windows when decorating a steam room. Through them you can contemplate the surrounding landscape.

A selection of video and photographic materials will give a more detailed idea of ​​the possible design options for the steam room

A steam room with a huge window opens up an overview of the site. There is a hope that the glass is tinted and from the outside it is not visible what is happening inside.

When decorating a steam room, you can combine materials.

Do-it-yourself steam room: the main stages of the device

How to make a steam room in a bath correctly: device, decoration and insulation

The main functional room of any bath is a steam room. Its competent arrangement determines the quality and safety of the conducted health procedures, as well as the popularity and demand for the bath.

To reduce the cost of building a steam room, many bath owners do all the work on their own, without the involvement of third-party specialists.

In this case, the device of the steam room will be distinguished by its simplicity and conciseness - wooden shelves for rest and a heater for heating the room.

A steam room in a bathhouse, built on its own, requires the development of an affordable and high-quality project.

Design issues

The key element of the steam room is the heater (firebox). When building a steam room, it is recommended to take into account the dimensions of the stove, as well as the number of visitors to visit the steam room at the same time.

What should be a steam room in a bath, designed for a specific number of visitors? So that vacationers do not experience discomfort and at the same time there is no unused space in the room, which should be heated more, the steam room should have certain dimensions.

Room dimensions

The optimal dimensions of the steam room are determined by generally accepted standards and are 2 × 2.5 meters with a ceiling height of up to 2.25 cm. It is generally accepted that a steam room of this size is designed for a company of 3-4 people.

Also, when designing a steam room, you should pay attention to the following issues:

1. The need to install windows;
2. Installation procedure for entrance doors;
3. Arrangement of the ventilation system;
4. Number and location of benches.

Windows and doors

The standard project does not provide for the presence of windows, but if you wish, you can install them. It is recommended to install square blind windows in the steam room, the size of which does not exceed 50 × 50 cm. The best option is to install a modern double-glazed window that provides better heat and sound insulation of the room.

To reduce heat losses during constant visits to the steam room, when installing a small door leaf, it is recommended to provide a high entrance threshold (up to 30 cm) and a low crossbar on top.

The door to the steam room should be simple and easy to use, open / close well, not have locks or locks. The best material for making a door leaf is wood or glass.

Exhaust ventilation

To reduce high humidity, as well as prevent the development of mold and mildew, the steam room in the bath must have a reliable exhaust ventilation system. Arrangement of ventilation is carried out at the construction stage of the bath.

The ventilation system is provided for the timely removal of excess moisture and the supply of clean air from the outside. Experts recommend equipping a modern supply and exhaust ventilation system with built-in air ducts.

In this case, the supply duct should be located near the firebox in the lower part of the room. The hood is installed on the opposite wall at the top, almost under the ceiling. The diameter of the exhaust duct should be twice the diameter of the supply duct. The air flow is regulated by built-in dampers.

To develop a project for a future bath, you can contact an architectural bureau or private designers.

A ready-made steam room with your own hands and step-by-step instructions for its construction are focused on novice craftsmen.

Preparation of tools and materials

The device of a steam room of any type provides for the preparation of a special opening for supply and exhaust ventilation. The ventilation duct is equipped with a flexible aluminum corrugation.

To build a steam room in a bath with your own hands, you should prepare the necessary tools and materials:

• Bars measuring 5 × 5 cm;
• Insulation (mineral wool, ecological wool, basalt);
• Waterproofing material;
• Vapor barrier material;
• Sealant, silicone;
• Aluminum tape;
• Level, construction stapler with staples;
• Hammer, nails with wide heads.

Internal insulation

All work is carried out in stages in accordance with the finished project and begins with the insulation of the building. High-quality insulation prevents heat losses and reduces fuel consumption for space heating. First, the ceiling is insulated, then the walls and the floor base.

1. The surfaces to be treated are cleaned of dust, dirt and debris, a crate of 5 × 5 cm bars is installed. The correctness of installation is checked by the building level.
2. A waterproofing material is laid on top of the constructed wooden frame.
3. The selected insulation is mounted on the finished waterproofing. It is recommended to use a double layer of insulation for the ceiling surface, and a single layer for the walls.
4. Next, a single layer of vapor barrier is installed. As a vapor barrier, ordinary aluminum foil is suitable, which is attached to the wooden crate with metal staples and a stapler. All joints are carefully glued with tape on an aluminum base.
5. On the walls, on the installed lathing with insulation and a vapor barrier, one more lathing is attached for the installation of a decorative coating - a wooden lining. Porcelain stoneware or ceramic tiles can be used as floor cladding.
6. At the final stage, all cracks, joints and gaps are sealed with a sealant or silicone.

Installation of oven and shelves

The next stage in the arrangement of the steam room is the installation of the firebox. The stove in the steam room is mounted or erected in the near corner from the front door. When observing fire safety regulations, the optimal distance between the firebox and the walls should be at least 33 cm.

In modern steam rooms, the use of various types of stoves is provided - metal, brick, soapstone and electric. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages.

• Metal furnaces quickly heat up and cool down, and they also require a protective casing.
• Brick stoves take longer to heat up, but cool down more slowly, as a result of which they accumulate heat more efficiently and produce clean steam.
• Talcochlorite (soapstone) is a modern type of heaters, a distinctive feature of which is high wear resistance and material efficiency. They warm up the room slowly and evenly, emitting soft and comfortable warmth.
• Electric ovens do not require a chimney, they are simple and easy to control from a distance.

If metal and electric heaters can be purchased at any specialized store, then brick and stone heaters will have to be made with your own hands.

To bathe in the bath with comfort and convenience, you need to make the right shelves. It is recommended to use high quality dry lumber that does not emit tar and is resistant to heat.

For the production of boards, you can choose wooden slats made from aspen or oak. The slats are securely connected to each other with a small gap for the air duct and water outlet. The number and dimensions of the shelves are determined by the dimensions of the steam room, as well as the number of visitors for which it is designed.

The optimal size of the shelves is 65 × 180 cm. In order to save space, it is recommended to mount the shelves to the wall on horizontal beams fixed to the lathing. In addition, under the shelves, you can install the accompanying bath accessories - buckets, buckets, watering cans, etc.

Comfortable lighting

Most steam room projects do not provide for the presence of natural light, so you simply cannot do without additional light sources. Correctly selected lighting will create a favorable atmosphere and ensure comfortable bathing procedures.

A classic do-it-yourself steam room provides for a sufficient number of light sources to create a semi-darkness that promotes relaxation.

The location of the bath lamps should not interfere with the procedures, and the light should not tire the eyes. The best option is to place one large surface-mounted lamp above the door, and small recessed lamps above the shelves.

Today you can buy lamps and lamps for the steam room, made with decorative lampshades made of wood or glass. They can be overhead or embedded.

The main thing is to adhere to fire safety rules when installing lamps - insulate conductive wires and light bulbs. For this, the bulbs are placed in special metal cases of a sealed design, and the wires are placed in plastic boxes that are resistant to overheating. The switch is mounted outside the steam room.

That's all the subtleties of how to make a steam room in a modern bath with your own hands - all you need to do is purchase a heater, insulate and decorate the room, install bath furniture and the steam room is ready for use.

And if all the rules and recommendations were followed during its arrangement, then the generated heat and steam will have a powerful beneficial effect on the human body.

Do-it-yourself steam room in the bath: design, decoration and insulation

Steam room design

When deciding how to properly make a steam room, due attention should be paid to its design. When decorating a steam room, the following expert advice should be taken into account:. the walls, floor and ceiling in the steam room are best left in their natural form, without resorting to the use of any coatings

In this case, wooden surfaces will heat up much faster;

• the walls, floor and ceiling in the steam room are best left in their natural form, without resorting to the use of any coatings. In this case, wooden surfaces will heat up much faster;
• the shelves and benches in the steam room look more aesthetically pleasing when placed at different levels. It is also convenient from the point of view of their functionality, since at different altitudes you can select the temperature that suits you;
• in order to stylize the interior of the steam room, you can add elegantly designed hangers for towels and brooms, as well as decorate the doors of the steam room with original frames and beautiful handles;
• as light sources, it is best to use lamps with a dim and soft glow, placing them above the front door.

Subtleties of material choice

A sauna with a steam room is set up in a log house or beams made of linden or aspen. These materials keep warm, smell good and do not trap exhaust air in the room. Adherents of alternative options often put baths made of bricks or laminated veneer lumber.

Insulation material

The walls and ceiling of the steam room, both from the outside and from the inside, are insulated using ordinary or foil mineral wool.

Mineral wool is a quality raw material, but it is inexpensive. Better her task of keeping heat in the bath will be performed only by foam glass - a material that is unusually resistant to the effects of high temperatures.

Mineral wool, rolled into a roll, is considered the best material for warming a steam room

Expanded polystyrene is absolutely not suitable for bath insulation. Constantly heating up due to the hot steam, it will begin to release toxins.

Waterproofing material

Glassine or foil is used as a waterproofing sheet. And the cladding for fixing all the materials that protect the steam room from heat loss and fungus is made of wood that does not contain resin. We are talking about linden, alder, aspen and cedar. Materials from these trees do not deteriorate for a long time, as they are not afraid of dampness and temperature changes.

The foil is ideal for protecting the walls of the steam room from moisture

Decoration Materials

It is customary to decorate the steam room only with natural wood. Materials treated with chemicals are not suitable for surface cladding in a steam room, as the high temperature causes them to release toxic substances into the air. This phenomenon does not happen with traditional wall paneling, the planks of which are connected to each other according to the "tongue-and-groove" principle.

For finishing the steam room, it is advisable to purchase a 15 mm thick lining

It is important to check the purchased material for splinters. There should be no defects on high-quality construction materials

Lining has become the most popular material for decorating bath rooms.

It is more reasonable to cover the floor of the steam room with boards or cover with tiles. If the choice is made in favor of a wooden covering, then material should be purchased only from larch. You can not put insulation under the floor from the boards, since through the bottom the heat practically does not come out of the steam room.

The practical owner of the steam room decides to cover the floor with tiles, which, unlike wood, are easy to clean and disinfect. It's good if he also realizes that the tiles need to be glued to the lower zone of the walls, because water drops often fall on this place.

The tile does not deteriorate from exposure to moisture and therefore is often used to decorate the steam room.

Choice of doors

The windows in the steam room should be completely abandoned, but the door should be such that it does not release precious heat from the room. The temperature in the steam room will not drop if you build a 30 cm high threshold at the entrance to the steam room and make the door ceiling low.

By creating a threshold, less warm air will come out of the steam room

To enter the steam room it was convenient, it is better to mount the doors near the stove. They should open inward, to the side where the person entering cannot get burned due to accidental contact with the stove.

The door to the steam room should open without problems. This means that there are no constipation or locks that can break due to dampness and extreme heat.

Wood and glass are considered good materials for making a steam room door.... Boards, in comparison with glass, have more compelling advantages, because they can be insulated. But the glass door is able to visually increase the area of ​​the steam room.

The glass door can be liked by the fact that it seems to attract a person to relax in the steam room.

Steam room insulation process

Thermal insulation should be thought out especially carefully, since otherwise more fuel will have to be spent on heating the bath and maintaining the desired temperature.

At the initial stage, the ceiling is prepared for insulation. It can be simply sheathed with foam plates, temporarily fixing them with any available means, and then sheathing with moisture-resistant plywood or other material similar in properties. Insulation is laid between the beams, while the minimum thickness of the slabs should be 10 cm. A vapor barrier is laid on top of the slabs, and the base under the slabs should also be covered with plastic wrap. Read also: “How to make steam room insulation correctly and what materials to use”.

At the next stage, the walls are insulated. First, a frame is made of a square wooden beam 50 × 50 cm, which is attached to the wall. The step is selected such that the insulation canvases can easily lie between the bars. As a rule, 5 cm is considered an acceptable insulation thickness for walls.

The joints adjacent between the slabs are glued with metallized tape. Mineral wool can be used as insulation for walls. In this case, a plastic film or other moisture-repellent material is also fixed under the insulation.

The floors in the steam rooms should not be insulated, but if there is still a desire, then you can limit yourself to backfilling expanded clay, followed by pouring a cement screed. And then put tiles or install wood flooring.

Steam room project preparation

Before proceeding with the arrangement of the steam room, prepare its project. It is not necessary that this was a set of the most detailed drawings, but at least elementary sketches are indispensable. When developing a project, you need to build on the main element of the steam room - the stove.

Steam room project

Each sauna stove has its own characteristics and makes individual requirements regarding the dimensions of the steam room, ventilation of the room, the remoteness of the installation of shelves, etc.

When determining the appropriate size of the steam room, start from how many people will simultaneously visit the bath

Here it is important to think over everything thoroughly, so that as a result, visitors to the steam room feel comfortable, and in the bath, at the same time, there is no extra space left that would be wasted. The optimal size of the steam room is considered to be 240x200 cm with a ceiling height of 220 cm

Steam room lighting

No windows are needed in the steam room - there will be more than enough artificial lighting. It is important to take into account the fact that each window will require strengthening of thermal insulation measures (learn more about how to insulate windows), and these are additional costs. The permissible maximum is a completely blind window no more than 50x50 cm in size. At the same time, double-glazed windows should be of the highest quality, with good heat and sound insulation properties.

Blind window in the steam room

When drawing up a project, be sure to think over the organization of ventilation. Without high-quality air exchange, wood will deteriorate very quickly under the influence of moisture. Mold will start to appear in the steam room, and in general the microclimate will become absolutely unsafe for humans.

Ventilation

When the project for the arrangement of the premises is ready, you can proceed to the gradual implementation of what was conceived. It is recommended to start the work on preparing the steam room for use with a thermal insulation device.

Rules for the selection of finishing materials

High-quality interior decoration of the steam room involves two main crucial steps: choosing a finishing material that would tolerate constant temperature changes well, and insulation that is absolutely safe for humans in such conditions.

So, not all materials can be used in the steam room due to its special temperature and humidity period. For example, mineral wool boards, fiberboard and chipboard become especially toxic when heated, and also quickly absorb moisture, swell and deteriorate. Linoleum will rot at all ... But all this can be safely used for a rest room, where there is no such humidity and no hot. The finishing material for the steam room can only be lining, block house, tiles or stones.

Why is the clapboard most often chosen as the decoration for the steam room? It's simple: freshly heated wood will always emit a valuable natural aroma, does not burn and makes the design of the steam room expensive and noble. As for aspen as a finishing material, its main advantage is its low price and the ability, as our great-grandfathers still believed, “to take negative energy”. Almost all diseases in Russia were treated with aspen - and even fever, and therefore the baths were built mainly from it (although sometimes the bath attendants complain that the aspen lining "leads"). Linden, as a finishing material, is liked by many, first of all, because it is light and smells good. But those steam rooms that were covered with alder look light, beautiful and give a pleasant aroma.

Pine is traditionally not used for covering steam rooms - due to the fact that at high temperatures it emits resin. After all, it is worth remembering that a large amount of resinous substances in a fried steam room are already carcinogens. But it is still possible to attach a lining made of this wood to the ceiling, and many do it - if you only choose the material itself of high quality and without knots, then even at a temperature of 85 ° C it remains clean. This is a grade A lining, in which there are no knots, and, therefore, no pockets with resins. What is this all for? And so that with a lining, neutral in terms of smell, on the walls in the steam room, a pleasant smell of pine needles is created. Plus fir brooms - a real SPA in Russian!

By the way, steam rooms decorated with salt stone are also very beautiful. And the procedure itself is extremely beneficial to health: even the pressure is normalized, the mood, according to reviews, after such bath procedures is just wonderful.

Preparation for the construction of a steam room

When planning the construction of a steam room, you need to decide what size it will be. There should be 0.7 m² per person in the steam room.

Experts advise making a steam room for 3 or 4 people in the bathhouse. This is due to the recommendations of doctors not to bathe alone. Fever is much more difficult to tolerate without company.

Close, as well as very spacious, the steam room does not need to be done. In the first case, it will be uncomfortable, and in the second, it will be rather cool, because it is difficult to heat a large room. It is preferable to create a pair of sizes 2x2.4 meters. But it is not forbidden to deviate from standard solutions.

Photo gallery: drawings and dimensions of the steam room in relation to the dimensions of other rooms in the bath

Determining the size of the steam room

To some extent, the width of the steam room depends on how the person is placed on the shelf. If it is planned that the person having a rest in the bath will sit on the platform, then the room is made compact.

When it is decided to lie down to steam, more space is provided to create a steam room. In this situation, the optimal width is considered to be equal to the height of the tallest person in the family, plus another 20 cm.

The dimensions of the shelf and the bath are chosen taking into account the position in which it is convenient to steam

The height of the steam room can be from 2.2 to 2.4 meters. It is determined based on the height of the tallest visitor to the bath. When entering the steam room, this person should not touch the ceiling with his head.

Step-by-step creation of a steam room

Indoor steam room creation is a step-by-step process, consisting of waterproofing, insulation and finishing works.

Insulation from steam and water

To prepare the steam room for finishing, follow these steps:

1. Outside and inside the steam room, all the cracks in the logs or beams are filled with linen.

   You need to close up the gaps with a tool, such as a knife.

2. A vapor barrier membrane is attached to the bare wall with a stapler.
3. A crate made of beams is mounted on top of the film. They are connected to each other, creating cells of 60 cm. First, using a level, guides are fixed on the wall by means of corners, and then stands, the position of which must be checked with a level. In the installed racks, grooves are cut into which bars of a smaller section are inserted. The crate is attached to the wall using self-tapping screws.

   Vertical elements are attached at the same distance from each other

Insulation laying

Immediately before finishing the steam rooms do the following:

1. Mineral wool is placed in the fabricated frame. To insure it against deformation, polypropylene twine is used for fastening. A vapor barrier material is again fixed on top of the insulation.

   Suitable pieces of mineral wool are laid in the crate

2. Thermal insulation material is attached to the ceiling, which is usually protected from moisture by sheets of aluminum foil. Then the planed boards are nailed. Gaps of 1 cm are left between them, which are necessary for ventilation of the room.

   Planed boards are attached to the ceiling with long nails.

3. The lining is cut to the required length. After that, it is treated with antifungal impregnation. The work is postponed for several days, allowing the material to dry well.
4. On the walls of the steam room, starting from the zone near the stove, lining is horizontally attached. Wooden planks are connected so that each previous one overlaps the next by 1 cm. This will insure the material against the formation of cracks, which may be the result of deformation or shrinkage of the lining. The planks are held in place with inconspicuous clamps that do not heat up like nails. But the lower boards are attached with self-tapping screws, which in the future will make it possible to replace rotten planks without resorting to complete dismantling of the material. The lining is not mounted to the floor itself. At the bottom of the walls, they must leave a place for fixing one row of ceramic tiles.

   The installation of the lining is reminiscent of the assembly of the designer: each board is brought into the groove of the strip attached above

Floor finishing

To finish the floor in the steam room, do the following work:

1. A fishing line is pulled along the perimeter of the floor so that in the future you can check the evenness of the surface. Having created a formwork from the boards, the floor is poured with a composition of cement and sand, forming a concrete screed 5 cm thick. It should have a slope towards the drain pipe pre-installed in the cement.

   Liquid concrete is poured over crushed stone and reinforcing mesh, and then leveled

2. Ceramic tiles are immersed in water for 10 hours. The heat-resistant mastic for fixing the material is mixed well and, after making sure that the consistency of the composition is similar to whipped cream, they proceed to gluing the tiles to the concrete screed. If the mastic is liquid, then a little sand is added to it.
3. The tile, treated with mastic on the inside, is fixed to the floor and the lower part of the wall from bottom to top. Each row of ceramic is flattened and shrunk using a builder's level and trowel. To obtain even seams on all sides of the tiles, crosses are laid, which are removed after installation of the material. When fixing the tiles in the place where the water is drained, the corners of the four elements are cut off.

   It is better to fix the tiles in the steam room not only on the floor, but also on the bottom of the walls.

4. The joints between the tiles are filled with heat-resistant grout. Before use, the powder is poured with water and mixed with a mixer. The prepared grout is poured into a construction gun. The tool nozzle is inserted into the seam and the grout is squeezed out so that it does not rise above the level of the tile.

Video: how and how to decorate a steam room in a bath

How to properly make a steam room in a bath device, decoration and insulation

The main functional room of any bath is a steam room. Its competent arrangement determines the quality and safety of the conducted health procedures, as well as the popularity and demand for the bath.

To reduce the cost of building a steam room, many bath owners do all the work on their own, without the involvement of third-party specialists.

In this case, the device of the steam room will be distinguished by its simplicity and conciseness - wooden shelves for rest and a heater for heating the room.

A steam room in a bathhouse, built on its own, requires the development of an affordable and high-quality project.

When equipping a steam room, you need to take into account the peculiarities of this space. The main point is the complete drainage equipment. Any steam room should have a high-quality drain through which water flows. It must be equipped in such a way that the water drains towards the main pipe. It is through it that the water leaves the steam room. Despite the fact that many people find such a system more suitable for showers or sinks, it can be safely used in steam rooms.

By planning a complete sewer system it's worth working on this process from the beginning. To do this, you need to lay the pipe at the stage when the foundation is being created. Ideally, it should be taken out into a pit located at least three meters from the bath. Often this very pit is additionally laid out with bricks or dense concrete rings. The bottom in this case is laid out with gravel. All this guarantees reliable protection against waste leakage.

Another equally important point is thermal insulation. A good steam room must be properly insulated, and there are many ways to make this idea a reality. This is also a high-quality foil coating, which, due to its subtlety, does not allow to build too dense finish, as well as mineral wool and other materials.

When choosing one type of insulation, it should be borne in mind that most of them react negatively to high humidity levels. If so, then it is necessary to additionally waterproof the protective layer.

It is also important to take into account the presence of full and high-quality ventilation. This is a very important detail.

If the ventilation is poor, then it is unlikely that you will be able to fully relax in the steam room. Instead of relaxing and resting, headaches and problems with the cardiovascular system can occur.

Hoods, according to professionals, should be located at the top. The fact is that when the air heats up, the temperature rises first of all at the top. Therefore, it is in this area that the ventilation holes and supply vents are located. They must also be supplemented with special exhaust grilles. It is these structures that are responsible for ensuring that cool air enters the room.

In some cases, the owners of the steam rooms prefer to do with the fact that during the procedures they periodically open the doors or vents. It is easy to guess that this is not enough, and you cannot do without a full-fledged ventilation system. Its installation must be taken responsibly, and, if possible, the structure should be placed closer to the stove so that the cold air coming from the street immediately warms up, because cold air is contraindicated in such conditions.

In conclusion, we can say that if a person can correctly make a steam room, that is, equip and insulate it, then he will be able to get maximum pleasure. And this will give you the opportunity to enjoy not only the work done, but also from visiting the steam room. The main thing is to prevent even minor oversights.

For information on how to properly decorate a steam room in a bath, see the next video.

Furnace installation

The stove in the steam room can be installed iron, brick or electric. The place for it should be chosen at the design stage of the bath. The furnace of the stove can be located both inside the steam room and outside it.

Installation procedure in a steam iron furnace:

install the oven on a previously prepared base;

The basis for installing the furnace Furnace foundation - photo

they lay bricks along the walls and inside the partition;

A brick is laid between the walls of the furnace and the timber, the cracks are sealed with basalt cardboard. The walls near the furnace are protected by refractory bricks.

a metal passage for the chimney is mounted in the opening on the ceiling;

Installed ceiling bead

a pipe and a gate are installed on the stove, a tank is connected and a double-walled chimney is brought out through the ceiling, insulating it with non-combustible material;

Ceiling split completely insulated

a metal sheet with a hole through which the pipe passes is fixed on the roof.

Chimney passage through the roof

Installing the sauna heater

The electric oven is installed on a prepared platform or hung on the wall using special brackets. It does not require the installation of a chimney.

It is imperative to observe the distances specified in the instructions from the oven to the walls and shelves.

Brick oven

The brick oven is laid out even at the stage of the construction of the bath.

Only that part of it should go into the steam room, in which there will be stones. The firebox is best placed in a dressing room or on the street.

Video - Major mistakes and where to start building a bath

Video - Building a bath from scratch. Main questions

The main stages of finishing the steam room

What material to choose for finishing?

The choice of material is an important step during the decoration of the steam room.

At an affordable cost, pine is not the best material for the steam room. This type of wood contains resins, which are released outside under the influence of elevated temperatures. The most suitable material in this case is linden. Features of this type of wood exclude burns and make it possible to keep the appearance of the cladding unchanged for a long time.

The possibility of using poplar, birch, or aspen is not excluded. Deciduous trees dry out quickly, thereby creating a specific microclimate in the steam room, and also have good durability.

It is strictly forbidden to use linoleum and wood slabs for finishing the bath. In addition to the fact that these materials are fire hazardous, they are hazardous to human health at high humidity and temperature.

Insulation of walls and ceilings

An important condition during the arrangement of the steam room is the construction of a sealed room. For this task, mineral-based thermal insulation is used; it is isolated from steam using aluminum foil. A special adhesive tape is used to join its edges. Elevated temperatures do not make it possible in this case to use the film, as a result of its deformation. External finishing must imply the construction of closable ventilation openings.

For facing the ceiling, a planed board 2-3 cm thick is used. To the beams, their fasteners are made using nails, which must be long, 3 times the thickness of the board. You can improve the ventilation system by leaving a small gap between the boards and rounding their corners.

Finishing with lining

I must say that the lining, as material for finishing the premises of the bath... received the most popularity. The characteristics of this material allow performing the necessary thermal insulation and revetting the surface of the walls, giving them an attractive appearance. Moreover, the excellent air permeability of the material does not provide conditions for the occurrence of mold and mildew, as well as the appearance of condensation.

Front laying the lining in the steam room this material is left in it for a certain time so that it can adapt to the microclimate conditions. In the presence of significant defects in the surface of the walls, they must be corrected so that the material does not lay down "waves". Fastening is carried out using screws or staples. We must not forget about the fact that most often it is not possible to achieve the ideal surface of the walls without installing the lathing.

During the selection of fasteners, it is necessary to take into account the conditions of their operation. Their material must withstand high temperatures and humidity, as well as prevent the likelihood of injury to those who are soaring.

Floor finishing

Steam room finishing procedure produce with floor organization. It is advised to raise it 15-20 cm above the floor level in the rest of the premises. This will make it possible to keep warm in the steam room due to the absence of drafts. As a material, it is better to use edged or grooved boards, as well as tiles. The level of safety of movement in the room depends on this choice.

The flooring of the boards is carried out on logs, which are installed on brick posts. Concrete or sand serves as a base for them. For installation, fasteners made of bronze, galvanized, brass or stainless steel are used.

DIY steam room

Specific the conditions of the steam room provide some requirements for the organization of lighting in it:

• to create diffused light, it is better to use matte shades;
• the plafond must be made of moisture-resistant and heat-resistant material;
• plafonds must be reinforced;
• luminaires cannot be placed on the ceiling;
• the maximum lamp power must be 50 watts.

Choice of materials

To the question "How to decorate the bath inside?" one can unambiguously answer that the most suitable material lining is a special panel for wall cladding, the main advantages of which are:

• good microcirculation, allowing the walls to breathe
• no condensation
• pleasing to the eye
• ease of installation
• acceptable cost

The best breeds The starting material for the manufacture of lining has long been considered deciduous (aspen, larch, linden, alder, ash), since the walls of them allow the room to warm up quickly, and at the same time remain comfortable for humans in temperature.

This type of material does not emit resinous substances when heated and therefore does not harm health.

Of the listed species, larch is the most preferred (and not only for wall cladding), but it is also the most expensive material in terms of cost.

Linden lining it is desirable to process first a special composition (of course, from natural ingredients) to preserve its original - almost white - color.

Aspen lining, due to its hardness, is also a good cladding material, but experts prefer use it for ceiling and walls.

Durable, resistant to decay Ash is an ash tree, with a beautiful heartwood of which an attractive decorative effect can be achieved.

Alder, which has a strong, even structure and a pleasant light brown color with a peculiar pink tint, can become a worthy finishing material ( especially inside a bath made of foam blocks).

It is not advised to take as a starting material for lining, birch due to its loose structure and susceptibility to drying out during harvesting.

If, nevertheless, for some reason you have to make lining from this breed, then it must be borne in mind that it has a loose structure and in the process of preparation for use will be prone to drying out.

A relatively new material that professionals advise to use for covering walls in a steam room is a lining made of African oak abash(or Abashi).

This coverage has a number of most valuable properties, thanks to which this material is considered almost ideal:

• low level of thermal conductivity;
• lightness and at the same time strength;
• resistance to deformation, absence of cracks and chips during sawing and drilling;
• not susceptible to decay;
• the presence of a peculiar, beautiful pattern on the surface.

This material has only one drawback - it is rather high cost... But it is overlapped by the properties mentioned above.

Whatever source material the lining is made of, it must be pre-well dried and processed so that it does not have any roughness.

The steam room and its components must be taken into account everything.

The process during which a do-it-yourself steam room is being built requires certain knowledge about building materials and the principles of the bath itself. The creation of the necessary steam will depend directly on the arrangement of the room: how and with what materials the steam room was built, insulated and finished. It is necessary to take into account all the elements: stove, floor, ceiling, shelves, window and door openings, lighting, ventilation.

• The stove is chosen based on its operational characteristics: the heat resistance of steel, the amount and degree of heating of stones, the volume of the firebox, the material for the grate (grate in the firebox), the mobility of the ash pan (blower) and appearance. The required power should be calculated:

For example, for a steam room with an area of ​​22 m2, the required heating consumption is 4 kW. It is necessary to take into account the heating of the stove itself, stones and a tank with water and we get a consumption three times more - 12 kW, if there is no need to heat adjacent rooms and the steam room is reliably insulated. Otherwise, 12x2 = 24 kW will come out.

• Knowing the required power, the area of ​​the steam room and the fuel that you have at your disposal, you select the stove. You can also build a do-it-yourself sauna stove.
• It is better to make the floor in the steam room from tiles (ceramics, porcelain stoneware, natural stone), and put a wooden ladder on top. Insulation of the floor in the steam room is an optional condition, and a hole for water drainage will become a useful element.

Do not make the floor wooden, there is too much moisture in the steam room, which will lead to deformation and the appearance of mold.

• Do-it-yourself ceiling construction in the steam room should be done correctly. The height should be 2.2-2.3 meters. These numbers are due to the vaping process. If you do it lower, then you will hook the ceiling with a broom, and if it is higher, all the steam will go up, and the whole process will be disrupted. The ceilings must be insulated.
• The shelves must be built so that it is comfortable to lie. The length of the shelf is slightly larger than the height of a person - 2–2.3 meters; in width, 0.6–0.7 meters will be enough. Shelves can be made in two levels, more - not worth it. The lower shelf should be made narrower than the upper one so that the bather has access to the person on the upper shelf.
• If you can do without a window, then the door will be in any case. The door can be glass or wood. Wooden is cheaper, but less practical. Glass is not susceptible to moisture, so it will be the best choice, although it costs a little more.
• The light should be pleasing to the eye. The steam room needs good, even lighting. It is better to use a heat-resistant wire for wiring.
• Ventilation is carried out in the form of inlet and outlet openings. The exhaust outlet is located under the ceiling, and the supply outlet is located under the stove, in the opposite corner. To control ventilation, a shutter is installed on the exhaust outlet. The ventilation duct is usually made of aluminum corrugated pipes.

The choice of materials for finishing the Russian bath

Pay due attention to the choice of finishing materials. The traditional material for finishing the Russian steam room is wood

The most budgetary option is pine. However, if possible, you should refuse to use too cheap material. During the operation of the steam room, low-quality pine gives off too much resin, which makes it too difficult to visit the bath.

The choice of materials for finishing the Russian bath

The best option for interior decoration of the steam room is linden-based materials. This wood does not overheat, so a visit to the bath will be absolutely safe. In addition, the material tolerates high temperatures normally and retains its original external properties for a long time.

You can also use birch, poplar and other durable species to decorate the steam room. Larch dries well, which contributes to the creation of the most favorable microclimate in the steam room.

Wood grades for finishing

It is strongly not recommended to use cheap wood-based panels for finishing the steam room. Your choice is lining or solid wood. Particleboard, MDF and similar decisions should be refrained from, because these are toxic and flammable materials. They do not tolerate contact with moisture and very quickly lose their external qualities.

Otherwise, focus on your personal preferences and available budget.

Thermal insulation

Steam room thermal insulation

Vapor barrier material The main indicator of the efficiency of the steam room is a consistently high temperature, which is practically impossible to maintain without high-quality thermal insulation. That is why warming a steam room is considered the most important procedure in the entire process of its arrangement.

With poorly performed steam room insulation, the air in the room will heat up very slowly and cool down quickly, and the steam will have a very low concentration.

When insulating a steam room, a variety of materials are used, each of which performs a specific function, and the absence of any of them leads to a sharp decrease in the quality of insulation. As a result of such a distribution of functions, a multilayer protective coating is obtained, which includes the following sequentially placed layers:

• a layer of waterproofing;
• insulation layer;
• vapor barrier material;
• inner lining.

Waterproofing the surfaces (walls and ceiling) of the steam room is done by covering them with a layer of waterproofing material, such as foil, for example, or plastic wrap.

It is recommended to start arranging the heat-insulating layer by attaching unpainted blank paper to the surfaces of the walls and ceiling, on top of which a frame made of wooden blocks is stuffed, which serves as a base for placing the plates of heat-insulating material. From above, the insulation material is closed with a layer of vapor barrier, which is most often used as ordinary aluminum foil. Then a frame is made of wooden blocks, which is subsequently sheathed with clapboard.

The ceiling needs to be better insulated than the walls, so the layer of insulating material on it needs to be thicker.

Video

An example of a thermal and vapor barrier device:

Steam room insulation

The insulation process starts from the ceiling and gradually moves to the floor.

Thermal insulation of the floor in the bath

1. When choosing materials, you need to focus on their safety and quality. The most commonly used materials are mineral wool, foil-clad basalt, foam, ecowool, fibrolite.
2. Work begins by removing dust, dirt, mold and other contaminants.
3. All surfaces must be covered with a waterproofing material. For the competent implementation of this stage, it is better to prepare in advance and read special literature.
4. Insulation is laid on top of the waterproofing. The material must be primarily waterproof and fireproof. On the ceiling, you need 2 times more insulation than on the floor, since all the heat goes upstairs.
5. The insulation is covered with a vapor barrier. Most often, aluminum foil is used, which protects well against moisture. In addition, this material tends to reflect heat, so all the steam will only keep inside the room.
6. The foil should be attached to the batten with a stapler or studs.
7. A new frame is mounted on top of the vapor barrier, which is necessary for clapboarding.
8. All joints are treated with a sealant.

1 Bathhouse and sauna stoves variety and differences

For millennia, the bathing culture has improved and developed. Today, a bathhouse is present in almost every personal and summer cottage. True, since the time of Ancient Rus, its layout has changed somewhat. A modern "soap shop" consists of at least three rooms:

• Restroom;
• Washing room;
• Steam room.

The first two rooms are purely functional, and there are no special requirements for them. But with the steam room, the situation is different, because in it all the elements are interconnected. For example, the high temperature depends on the steam. And if necessary, you can always spray water on the stones. But not every cobblestone should be placed in a heater. A beautiful river stone, collected on the shore, often crumbles to dust when there is a sharp temperature drop. Others, when water gets on them, throw stone chips into the steam room. Still others, collected in the quarry, make the Geiger counter pop.

In other words, the atmosphere in the steam room depends on several components: the stove, stones in it, decoration, ventilation. Comfort is influenced by bathroom furniture - shelves and benches, and an electrician is responsible for safety. All these elements will be discussed below.

The stove is the heart of the bath. There are a lot of them in specialized stores. From electric heaters to metal stoves. And stove-masons stubbornly adhere to the opinion that the correct sauna stove should be made of bricks. In fact, there is no single correct solution. Each of these options has its own pros and cons.

Electric heater. You can connect it yourself without any problems. And to get quality steam, just press the button. However, experts note a certain "soullessness" of the electric bath. In addition, the electric heater is not able to warm up the adjacent rooms - the washing room and the rest room. Well, the final touch is the consumed electricity, and such a stove "eats" a lot.

The next option is a brick heater. When heated, it will provide soft heat in the steam room for a long time. The problem is that such an oven will heat up for several hours. In a private house, this is quite acceptable, but in a summer cottage, efficiency is important. And most importantly, not everyone can do it right the first time.

Metal ovens - homemade and factory. The first ones are gradually becoming a thing of the past, which is not surprising - in terms of cost, they are practically not inferior to factory models, but their design often leaves much to be desired. Not to mention comfort - open iron has infrared radiation that burns the skin and burns out oxygen. Factory models are much easier.

A modern sauna stove consists of several elements: a combustion chamber, an external casing-convector (convection - heat transfer by moving air). The convector shields the scalding infrared radiation and generates a convection stream that evenly distributes heat throughout the steam room. But the main thing for us is that the stove can be installed in the steam room without the help of outside help.

General arrangement of the steam room

The main furniture of the steam room is a shelf, a high platform for steaming. If the bath is designed for visiting a large company, then there should be several shelves in the steam room.

The platform in the bathhouse is built of wooden slats, and small gaps are left between them, which will not allow moisture to linger on the surface of the shelf.

The easiest way to mount a shelf is to fasten a wooden structure to the floor

Typically, a high scaffold is attached to the walls, behind which horizontal support bars are laid. This fixing option is better than the standard floor grip, since it does not limit the area of ​​the steam room and greatly simplifies cleaning the floor that is not occupied by the shelf legs. Another advantage of the scaffold attached to the walls is the ability to place buckets and other bath accessories on the floor under the wooden structure.

In addition to the platform, a stove is installed in the steam room.

In most cases, a brick oven is placed in the steam room, which heats up relatively quickly and does not cool down for a long time.

There are many options for heating a steam room: it can be either brick or metal. And recently, the owners of the bathhouse have even installed electric ovens in the steam room. The choice of a device for the production of hot steam depends on the preferences and financial capabilities of the owner of the steam room.

Photo gallery: steam room options

Floor finishing

For finishing the floor of the steam room, an edged or grooved board is used. The work is done in a few simple steps.

Diagram of a plank floor

First step. Level the base thoroughly, remove all kinds of debris.

Second step. Make a concrete screed. If the rough base does not have significant differences, you can do without a screed. In this case, you need to cover the base with an approximately 10 cm layer of sand.

Make a concrete screed

Step three. Install brick posts 25x25 cm in size on the base. These posts will function as supports for the lag. Select the height of the posts so that the finished floor in the steam room is at least 15 cm higher than the floor of the washing room.

Fourth step. Lay the logs and secure them to the support posts. Traditionally, logs with a section of 25x25 cm are used.The optimal laying step is about 1 m.

How to make a floor in a bath

Fifth step. Start laying the boards. Start laying from the far corner from the entrance to the room. Use galvanized self-tapping screws to fasten the boards to the joists. Screw them in so that the caps sink into the wood at least a couple of millimeters.

The sauna floor is laid with a slight slope - about 1 cm per 1 m of surface. The floor structure necessarily includes a drain for the timely and effective removal of excess moisture.

Door assembly

The door to the steam room is installed last. It should close tightly and not allow heat to pass out. Doors made of solid wood or tempered glass are best suited for this purpose.

Installation of a wooden door consists of the following steps:

collect from a bar 100 * 150 (depending on the diameter of the log) a rectangular casing box ("okosyachka");

Okosyachka casing scheme

a doorway is fitted under the casing;

a spike is cut out at the ends of the bar in the opening, which should be slightly smaller in size than the groove on the casing box (it should be borne in mind that jute or tow must be laid between the box and the bar);

Thorn cutting scheme

Classic window

first a threshold is placed in the opening, and then the lateral parts of the casing;

Installation of a door frame in a log house

the upper part of the box is installed so that it is located 3-5 cm below the doorway (this will allow the timber to move freely during shrinkage);

Shrinkage compensation gap

it is impossible to fasten the casing to the timber, it must move freely along the grooves, the cracks between it and the wall are carefully caulked;

hang the door, nail the trims with finishing nails.

The door to the bath

Another way to install a wooden door is to cut grooves in the opening.

Okosyachka in the groove

Wooden blocks are installed in them so that their edge does not reach 5-10 cm to the top of the opening. And the door frame is already directly attached to them.

Fixing the window to the rail and hanging the door

Glass doors are attached to special hinges.

Video - Siege under a plastic window in a log house

Video - Okosyachka (part 1)

Video - Okosyachka (part 2)

Video - Okosyachka (part 3)

What cannot be used in a steam room

It is unacceptable to decorate the walls steam room with conifers (spruce, pine). The reasons for this are as follows:

• with strong heating of the walls, touching them can become unexpected and rather unpleasant;
• droplets of emitted resin can get on the skin and burn it.

Hardwoods such as oak and walnut are not recommended. This is due to their high heat capacity, which leads to the accumulation and retention of heat on their surface.

In a steam room, the walls of which are lined with clapboard made of oak or walnut, usually It's difficult to breathe... In addition, accidentally touching them can burn your skin.

Do not cover the walls in the steam room with chemical materials: varnish, stain and other similar compounds.

It's connected with harmful effects of chemicals on the human body at very high temperatures.

Installation of oven and shelves

The next stage in the arrangement of the steam room is the installation of the firebox. The stove in the steam room is mounted or erected in the near corner from the front door. When observing fire safety regulations, the optimal distance between the firebox and the walls should be at least 33 cm.

In modern steam rooms, the use of various types of stoves is provided - metal, brick, soapstone and electric. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages.

• Metal furnaces quickly heat up and cool down, and they also require a protective casing.
• Brick stoves take longer to heat up, but cool down more slowly, as a result of which they accumulate heat more efficiently and produce clean steam.
• Talcochlorite (soapstone) is a modern type of heaters, a distinctive feature of which is high wear resistance and material efficiency. They warm up the room slowly and evenly, emitting soft and comfortable warmth.
• Electric ovens do not require a chimney, they are simple and easy to control from a distance.

If metal and electric heaters can be purchased at any specialized store, then brick and stone heaters will have to be made with your own hands.

How to make the right shelf to steam with comfort and convenience? For such purposes, it is recommended to use high-quality dry lumber that does not emit tar and is resistant to heat.

For the production of boards, you can choose wooden slats made from aspen or oak. The slats are securely connected to each other with a small gap for the air duct and water outlet. The number and dimensions of the shelves are determined by the dimensions of the steam room, as well as the number of visitors for which it is designed.

The optimal size of the shelves is 65 × 180 cm. In order to save space, it is recommended to mount the shelves to the wall on horizontal beams fixed to the lathing. In addition, under the shelves, you can install the accompanying bath accessories - buckets, buckets, watering cans, etc.

The choice of finishing material for the steam room

Baths with their own hands were built by our ancestors. In those days, tow, hemp, felt and other natural materials were used to insulate them. But today the technology has gone far ahead, and hardware stores offer a large selection of modern heat and vapor barrier materials:

1. Basalt wool is especially popular when decorating a steam room and many other rooms. It can withstand high temperatures, does not burn or rot. At the same time, basalt wool does not emit toxic substances, which is very important for a room that is designed to heal the body. It is indispensable as a heat-insulating material when decorating sections of the ceiling and walls, which are located next to the chimney and stove.
2. You can choose mineral wool. It is produced from rock waste. It is durable, environmentally friendly and resistant to microorganisms. Available in slabs or rolls.
3. Foil film is an effective vapor barrier material.

Which wood to choose?

Russian baths do it yourself traditionally finished with wood... which easily absorbs moisture and gets rid of it, has a unique aroma and many other positive qualities.

Hardwood lining is suitable for finishing the steam room. It has a low heat capacity, due to which the room heats up quickly, while the walls do not heat up much. Therefore, there will be no discomfort when it comes into contact with the walls from the lining in the steam room.

You can choose the lining of linden, birch, aspen or larch. Each of these trees has its own characteristics:

1. Linden is resistant to deformation, moisture resistant and has a beautiful white color. It heats up longer than other rocks, so it is safe to sheathe the wall near the stove and the ceiling with linden clapboard. Under the influence of high temperatures, a pleasant and unobtrusive aroma will be present in a linden-trimmed steam room. So that it does not darken, it must first be treated with special substances.
2. Larch perfectly tolerates high humidity and extreme temperature changes. In addition, it is the most durable.
3. Birch has a loose structure and dries out strongly when it is harvested for construction. Thanks to this, it is easily processed with protective substances.
4. Aspen is so strong that it is used for the construction of not only baths, but also cellars and wells. The complete absence of cracks, absolute resistance to moisture and incredible strength are the hallmarks of this wood. Therefore, aspen is the best option for finishing the steam room.

Incredibly rich and expensive, it will turn out to be a steam room, finished wood from the African abachi tree... It is dense wood with low thermal conductivity, smooth structure and rich color palette. The steam room can be from yellowish-straw to light brown in color with dark blotches.

Sauna stove

When choosing a sauna stove, you will be faced with a huge range of modern solutions. Available units can be made of brick and metal, use traditional solid fuel or electricity for operation. Each existing option has both its own strengths and a number of disadvantages.

The disadvantages of metal ovens include the following:

• they cool down very quickly after stopping the fuel supply;
• it is very easy to burn hot metal, therefore, when installing such a furnace, you will have to worry about organizing additional safety measures.

The only drawback of a brick oven is the need for preliminary arrangement of a separate foundation.

An excellent option is modern electric sauna stoves. They do not need a chimney, they can be installed and configured by hand

However, the use of electrical appliances in a sauna requires a special approach and many precautions, ignoring which would endanger the safety of the sauna visitors.

Also look out for soapstone stoves. These are modern and very interesting units capable of providing gradual and uniform heating of the steam room.

Such ovens give a very pleasant and soft heat, similar to the sun's rays.

Soapstone stoves

To install the stove, it is best to select the corner closer to the door. This option is the safest and most profitable in terms of saving free space.

Steam room interior decoration

First of all, it should be noted that when arranging all items, you need to focus not on design qualities and beauty, but on functionality and convenience.... Fire safety considerations should also be followed to prevent fires.

The stove is located in the far corner of the room

Bake

• This device is the main one in this room. It is it that creates and maintains the required temperature, which means that special attention is paid to its installation.
• First of all, it must be said that the seat for the furnace must be made at the stage of making the foundation. This is due to the fact that the device requires a solid and reliable base.
• The standard arrangement of the steam room of the bath assumes that the stove will be located in the corner farthest from the entrance door. This is necessary in order to reduce heat loss when visiting the room.

The principle of organizing a steam room taking into account air movement

• At the same time, professional craftsmen advise to immediately install protective screens. Their function is to protect wooden surfaces from infrared radiation.
• Such a screen is made of brick or natural stone. However, professional bath attendants advise using factory-made products with a reflective surface, which will redirect radiation to the center of the room, increasing the heating level.

Oven protective shield

• If the design of the stove for a bath assumes the presence of a water tank, then it should be installed in such a way that there is easy access to the container.
• Considering all these features, the internal arrangement of the steam room begins with the oven.

Advice!
Quite often, factory products are sold with protective screens and detailed instructions for a quality installation.
These instructions must be followed carefully as they were designed specifically for these models.

Graphic showing the principle of making a sunbed or shelf with standard dimensions

Warming

• This type of work can also be attributed to the arrangement. This is due to the fact that it is thanks to him that you can reduce energy consumption for heating and increase the thermal capacity of the room.
• For the decoration of the walls and ceiling of the bath, wooden materials are used, which are usually fixed on the crate. This makes it possible to install almost any insulation.

The principle of warming the steam room

• In order for the room to retain heat well, the installation instructions recommend using a material that has a layer with a reflective surface. Thanks to it, infrared radiation is redirected into the room, which makes it possible to increase the heating level.
• It is worth noting that special adhesive tape with the same reflective surface should be used to organize the joints. As a result, the insulation must create a complete seal.

Reflective insulation surface and stone protection

Interior items

• When creating a steam room with your own hands, you need to correctly think over the location of all interior items. This is especially important if the room is small.
• Considering that the stove is installed at a certain distance from with multi-level shelves, it should be placed on the opposite wall.

Minimal interior for small steam rooms

• Some craftsmen prefer to make two or three levels of shelves in the steam room. This will save space and at the same time make it possible to get a complete and functional interior.
• When creating sun loungers and shelves, it is necessary to focus on the personal preferences of users and their dimensions. However, it is worth remembering that there are standard solutions that have proven their effectiveness in a year of use and they can always be adapted to specific technical conditions.
• Many bath attendants strongly advise installing a special thermometer in the room. Its price is not very high, but it is thanks to it that you can control the heating level.

The original interior of the steam room, which involves the combination of wood and natural stone tiles

• This device should be mounted next to the front door. This place can be considered the coldest and all indications should be taken with this feature in mind.

Various placement options for small dimensions of the steam room

Installation of windows and doors

As mentioned above, the construction of a separate steam room does not provide for the installation of windows, so there will be more than enough artificial lighting. By the way, one should not forget that for all windows it is required to make thermal insulation of the blocks, which will entail additional costs. Alternatively, you can mount 1 blind window measuring 50 by 50 centimeters. In order to make the steam room really high quality, you should definitely buy the best double-glazed windows, which have maximum efficiency in terms of heat and sound insulation.

Naturally, you need to make the doors in the steam room. It should be understood that the door frame is at a lower level than usual, and the threshold is slightly higher. This solution will reduce heat loss and prevent drafts from forming. The optimal threshold height is considered to be thirty centimeters. The door is installed so that people entering it cannot get burned from the material heated up during the operation of the steam room.

The tree has good thermal conductivity, which is why it is better to sheathe the door on both sides with foil and special insulation. And on top they can be masked with the same clapboard.

An alternative to this solution would be simply the purchase and subsequent installation of glass doors. They look great on the outside and will be great for whatever conditions you might have.

The interior decoration of the steam room in the bath must start from the floor. Only then can the ceiling be erected. Once the ceiling is finished, you can start wall cladding. Due to the high strength of the clad ceiling, the space above its upper level can be used as an attic for storing and drying brooms. For this, a hatch with a ladder is provided in the bath, which will go to the attic. The first board should be installed especially carefully, as it will act as a reference point for subsequent cladding elements. You can use another technology when finishing the bath inside. Steam room, shower room can look even more attractive. Sometimes different types of wood are used for this, which are quite expensive, but this decision is justified, because the materials are more durable and attractive.

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The steam room is traditionally considered the key in the Russian bath, because the functionality of bath procedures, famous for their useful and healing properties, depends on it. In the article we will talk about how to properly make a steam room in a bath with your own hands, how to equip ventilation, floor and shelves.

The process of making a steam room can be conditionally divided into several working steps of the following content:

• thermal insulation of the room;
• arrangement of a furnace and ventilation;
• finishing.

Thermal insulation

The main indicator of the efficiency of the steam room is a consistently high temperature, which is practically impossible to maintain without high-quality thermal insulation. That is why warming a steam room is considered the most important procedure in the entire process of its arrangement.

With poorly performed steam room insulation, the air in the room will heat up very slowly and cool down quickly, and the steam will have a very low concentration.

When insulating a steam room, a variety of materials are used, each of which performs a specific function, and the absence of any of them leads to a sharp decrease in the quality of insulation. As a result of such a distribution of functions, a multilayer protective coating is obtained, which includes the following sequentially placed layers:

• a layer of waterproofing;
• insulation layer;
• vapor barrier material;
• inner lining.

Waterproofing the surfaces (walls and ceiling) of the steam room is done by covering them with a layer of waterproofing material, such as foil, for example, or plastic wrap.

It is recommended to start arranging the heat-insulating layer by attaching unpainted blank paper to the surfaces of the walls and ceiling, on top of which a frame made of wooden blocks is stuffed, which serves as a base for placing the plates of heat-insulating material. From above, the insulation material is closed with a layer of vapor barrier, which is most often used as ordinary aluminum foil. Then a frame is made of wooden blocks, which is subsequently sheathed with clapboard.

The ceiling needs to be better insulated than the walls, so the layer of insulating material on it needs to be thicker.

Video

An example of a thermal and vapor barrier device:

Oven and ventilation

The “soul” of any Russian bath is, of course, its stove, thanks to which steam procedures are famous for their healing properties. For the construction of the furnace, it is recommended to use materials from the following list:

• red oven or fireclay bricks;
• natural stones;
• cast iron plates.

If desired, all these materials can be used in combination, since brick is a good stove heat storage, stones will allow you to receive steam, and heated cast-iron plates have high heat transfer. With this use of the heat storage properties of the raw materials, the resulting furnace can "keep" heat for 12-15 hours (at temperatures up to 85 degrees). But this, of course, depends on the quality of the thermal insulation.

In the room itself, a special window for ventilation is usually not made. It makes sense to make a ventilation window in the dressing room, and already from it fresh air will flow into the steam room.

Video

Typical ventilation errors and the most versatile working ventilation scheme are discussed here:

Finishing

The interior decoration of the steam room is carried out immediately after the completion of the main construction operations and is usually performed using wood materials that are resistant to high humidity and temperature. For decoration, you can use a wide variety of tree species, but it is best to close the walls with linden or alder, and cover the floor with larch material. Linden shelves, when heated, will emit a unique aroma containing various natural enzymes. They have a beneficial effect on humans.

After finishing, the wooden walls of the steam room are carefully sanded and left in their natural state.

Steam room design

When deciding how to properly make a steam room, due attention should be paid to its design. When decorating a steam room, the following expert advice should be taken into account:

• the walls, floor and ceiling in the steam room are best left in their natural form, without resorting to the use of any coatings. In this case, wooden surfaces will heat up much faster;
• the shelves and benches in the steam room look more aesthetically pleasing when placed at different levels. It is also convenient from the point of view of their functionality, since at different altitudes you can select the temperature that suits you;
• in order to stylize the interior of the steam room, you can add elegantly designed hangers for towels and brooms, as well as decorate the doors of the steam room with original frames and beautiful handles;
• as light sources, it is best to use lamps with a dim and soft glow, placing them above the front door.

The steam room is the most important place in the bath. To enjoy your stay in the steam room and to fully experience the benefits of its effects on the body, you need the right wall decoration.

The effect of visiting will increase even more if the decoration of the steam bath is made by hand.

Choice of materials

To the question "How to decorate the bath inside?" one can unambiguously answer that the most suitable material is - special panels for wall cladding, the main advantages of which are:

• good microcirculation, allowing the walls to breathe
• no condensation
• pleasing to the eye
• ease of installation
• acceptable cost

The best breeds deciduous (aspen, larch, linden, alder, ash) have long been considered initial for the manufacture of lining, since the walls of them allow the room to warm up quickly, and at the same time remain comfortable for humans in temperature.

This type of material does not emit resinous substances when heated and therefore does not harm health.

Of the listed species, larch is the most preferred (and not only for wall cladding), but it is also the most expensive material in terms of cost.

Linden lining it is desirable to process first a special composition (of course, from natural ingredients) to preserve its original - almost white - color.

Aspen lining, due to its hardness, is also a good cladding material, but experts prefer use it for ceiling and walls.

Durable, resistant to decay is ash, with a beautiful core of which an attractive effect can be achieved.

Alder, which has a strong, even structure and a pleasant light brown color with a peculiar pink tint, can become a worthy finishing material ( especially inside a bath made of foam blocks).

It is not advised to take as a starting material for lining, birch due to its loose structure and susceptibility to drying out during harvesting.

If, nevertheless, for some reason you have to make lining from this breed, then it must be borne in mind that it has a loose structure and in the process of preparation for use will be prone to drying out.

A relatively new material that professionals advise to use for covering walls in a steam room is a lining made of African oak abash(or Abashi).

This coverage has a number of most valuable properties, thanks to which this material is considered almost ideal:

• low level of thermal conductivity;
• lightness and at the same time strength;
• resistance to deformation, absence of cracks and chips during sawing and drilling;
• not susceptible to decay;
• the presence of a peculiar, beautiful pattern on the surface.

This material has only one drawback - it is rather high cost... But it is overlapped by the properties mentioned above.

Whatever source material the lining is made of, it must be pre-well dried and processed so that it does not have any roughness.

What cannot be used in the steam room?

It is unacceptable to trim steam room with conifers (spruce, pine). The reasons for this are as follows:

• with strong heating of the walls, touching them can become unexpected and rather unpleasant;
• droplets of emitted resin can get on the skin and burn it.

Hardwoods such as oak and walnut are not recommended. This is due to their high heat capacity, which leads to the accumulation and retention of heat on their surface.

In a steam room, the walls of which are lined with clapboard made of oak or walnut, usually It's difficult to breathe... In addition, accidentally touching them can burn your skin.

Do not cover the walls in the steam room with chemical materials: varnish, stain and other similar compounds.

It's connected with harmful effects of chemicals on the human body at very high temperatures.

DIY finishing process

Basic moments interior decoration in stages:

1. Manufacturing of lathing;
2. Fastening of steam and heat insulation;
3. Installation of wooden panels.

Requirements for the installation of the crate

Hydro and thermal insulation of the steam room walls

For vapor barrier most often they use aluminum foil, as well as foamed polymeric materials (polypropylene). The advantage of polymeric materials is that they have both steam and heat insulation qualities.

These materials, laminated with foil, not only help maintain a high temperature in the steam room, but also resist the accumulation of moisture and the appearance of fungus.

Sequencing:

1. Attach to the wall from a bar (mineral wool is best suited for this purpose).
2. Fasten a layer of foil to the insulation.
3. Install the lathing (it is necessary to create an air gap between the lining and the foil layer).

Installation of lining

For a step-by-step guide on how to properly sheathe the walls and ceiling with clapboard, see the video instructions:

Features of dressing the dressing room

Find out more about the secrets of decorating a bath from the video below: