Fuel dispenser of the fuel dispenser. Fuel dispensers. Requirements for the technical operation of fuel dispensers and RTOs

Not all motorists think about how a modern gas station works. But in order for the fuel to get into the tank of the car, it must go through a rather difficult path through the gas station itself, which now uses the most modern technologies.

Fuel gets to gas stations in different ways, fuel can be brought by train, or it can be delivered to its destination using a pipeline, but most often it is delivered to individual stations using conventional fuel trucks.

Modern fuel trucks, as a rule, have several internal sections, so they bring several types of fuel at once. From the section with a volume of 10,900 liters, the fuel will be drained for about half an hour. During this time, refueling with a specific fuel will be prohibited for safety and more accurate subsequent reporting of fuel volume.

Before the fuel is discharged into underground storage facilities, it undergoes control. First of all, the fuel documents are checked, the seal on the tank is opened, the level of its filling is checked, and then the fuel analysis is taken. New fuel is checked for density, roughly speaking, it should not be diluted with water intentionally or accidentally due to rainwater, condensate, etc.

After checking, the fuel is connected to the tank with the help of a drain pipe and the fuel is drained.

fuel storage

Fuel tanks can be above ground or underground. They are made of steel and are most often made in two layers for safety. Typically, fuel storage tanks do not exceed 50 cubic meters, but there are tanks with a volume of more than 200 cubic meters, such storage facilities are already considered mini-oil depots, to which their own requirements apply.

The fuel level in the tank itself is measured by a metro rod. The fuel level is measured not only when draining fuel, but also when changing shifts of operators.

1. Receiving valve. It prevents fuel from draining from pipelines and all equipment back into the tank. Without the valve, the pump would have to completely fill the entire system from the reservoir to the filling nozzle with each refueling, and this is an extra waste of energy and time.

2. Filter. Another filter element at the gas station, it can be installed immediately after the intake valve or in the gas separator (5). If the filter is clogged, then a rumble is heard during refueling, as the pump has to work with great effort.

3 and 4. Engine and pump. They work in pairs, connected, as a rule, by a belt drive, but there are also designs where the pump and the motor sit on the same shaft. A belt drive is considered safer, as it is protected from increased loads on the engine.

5. Gas separator. In accordance with the name, it separates excess gases from the fuel, which are in a suspended state in a calm state, and when the fuel is actively mixed, they combine and begin to create foam. The device of the gas separator is extremely simple - it is a small reservoir in which the fuel is retained for a short time, and excess gases freely leave through the drainage holes from above.

6. Solenoid valve. Opens when fuel is supplied and closes immediately after fuel injection stops. If this valve is broken, then it can simply shut off the entire system or not close it, in the latter case, even after the pump is turned off, fuel will flow into the dispensing gun by inertia. When the solenoid valve is not closed, the fuel dispenser fills with approximately 0.2-0.5 liters of excess fuel.

7. Liquid meter. It can be called differently, for example, a fuel gauge, a liquid meter, etc., but it has one function - to accurately measure the amount of fuel. Fuel gauges can be electronic or mechanical. In the first case, the accuracy adjustment is carried out using special commands, in the second case, with the help of adjusting bolts.

8. Viewing window. Represents a hollow flask with glass. If the flask is filled with fuel, then the intake valve is working and the fuel remains in the system after the pump is turned off.

It can be called differently, it is designed to control the supply of fuel to the tank neck, it also cuts off the fuel supply when the tank is full.

10, 11, 12. Control system. The system combines the fuel dispenser and the operator's control panel.

More about the filling nozzle device

The refueling gun device is not as simple as it seems at first glance. In addition to the fuel supply function, there is a fuel cut-off system inside when the tank is full.

You can see how this system works in the video above. With normal fuel supply, air enters the gun through a small tube and jet. As soon as the fuel reaches the level of the filler pipe, fuel enters the jet and the air pressure in the protection system drops sharply, the membrane reacts to this and the cut-off spring is activated, the fuel supply stops. When the safety system is triggered, fuel will not be delivered until the gun lever is "cocked" again.

The exception is perhaps the unusual scheme with the top location of the fuel dispenser. But such schemes are used extremely rarely, primarily due to the lack of such equipment and certain difficulties with its maintenance. There is no special benefit from such an arrangement of the fuel dispenser, except that the cars can be placed a little more densely, and the fuel dispensers themselves cannot be hit by a car.

In 1888, gasoline began to be sold in pharmacies.

In 1907, the first gas station opened in the United States, it was a warehouse with cans of gasoline. Later, stations began to appear with one large tank, from which fuel was supplied by gravity.

In Russia, the first filling station was opened in 1911 by the Imperial Automobile Society.

Modern gas stations are not limited to selling only fuel. Many have small shops with related products, products, cafes, car washes, etc. Particularly noticeable is the development of gas stations in the United States, where refueling is only part of a complex that includes parking lots for heavy vehicles, recreation and leisure centers, shops, cafes and much more.

There are more than 25,000 filling stations in Russia, approximately 600 of which are located within the Moscow Ring Road. There are more than 120,000 gas stations in the US, about 14,000 in Canada, and more than 9,000 in the UK, while in the 90s there were more than 18,000.

Fuel dispenser(TRK) - the main part of any gas station. There are approximately 25,000 gas stations in the Russian Federation, each of which has at least two, and most often more fuel dispensers.

Each fuel dispenser daily sells fuel to dozens or even hundreds of customers.

Despite the almost identical appearance, the columns have a different principle of operation, which determines the efficiency and ease of use.

Types of fuel dispensers

At the moment, when opening a gas station, 2 types of fuel dispensers can be installed:

• • suction,
  • pressure

All modern fuel dispensers are equipped with an electronic control system that allows not only to activate the fuel supply remotely, from the operator's workplace, but also to monitor the progress of refueling on the computer and display of the fuel dispenser itself. Mechanical devices are practically not used at the moment.

Features of suction fuel dispensers

Systems of this type are much more popular - about 60% of all columns in the world work according to this principle. The reason for this is not outstanding technical characteristics, but the fact that such models were invented and, as a result, began to be installed much earlier.

Their general principle of operation is as follows. After the driver's request, the gas station cashier sends a signal from the remote control to the selected fuel dispenser, allowing fuel supply. The feed itself is carried out immediately after lowering the fuel gun into the tank and pressing the lever, if manual guns are used.

At this moment, the electric pump starts to work, installed in the body of the dispenser itself and sucking gasoline or diesel fuel from the storage tank. Due to the relatively low power of the pump, the tank can be placed no further than 45 m from the dispenser. The supplied fuel passes through a series of filters, a gas separator and a volume meter, and then enters the vehicle's tank.

As soon as the meter registers the achievement of the volume set by the operator, it will stop the operation of the pump and, accordingly, the supply of fuel.

Features of pressure fuel dispensers

Pressure systems appeared only about 50 years ago in the United States and gradually began to spread around the world. Now they still cannot be considered the most popular, but are gradually being installed at an increasing number of gas stations.

The key difference in design is the location of the pump. In this case, this is a submersible device that is installed almost at the very bottom of the fuel tank. The submersible pump is more powerful, so it allows you to supply gasoline or diesel fuel to several dispensers at once, and the tank can be located at a much greater distance - up to 150 m.

When the pump motor is activated, the fuel passes through it and is sent to an intermediate node, where, using a valve system, it is distributed among several columns to which it must be supplied. When the required volume of fuel is delivered to the fuel dispenser, the valves are closed, and the oil products remaining in the pipeline fall back into the tank.

What kind is better?

Despite being less common, it is pressure fuel dispensers that turn out to be more efficient, economical and even convenient for customers in operation.

Their only drawback is that if the pump fails at the gas station, the sale of a certain brand of fuel is completely stopped, since it simply cannot be supplied to the fuel dispensers. However, the advantages of such a solution are much greater.

With approximately the same installation costs, pressure fuel dispensers:

• consume less electricity, since instead of a series of pumps, only one works for each type of product;
• have a longer period of uninterrupted operation - it is about 300-500 million liters, suction pumps fail after 10-12 million;
• do not lose power throughout the entire period of operation, thereby providing faster customer service;
• do not have the problem of air locks that occur on most suction columns in hot weather;
• due to the greater removal of the tanks provide greater safety;
• do not make noise during operation, thereby providing greater comfort for customers

Based on materials from the site https://gpn-trade.ru

The device of the fuel dispenser, Despite the wide variety of types and designs of columns, they contain:

• receiving valve;
• monoblock pump with electric drive;
• liquid counter;
• counting device;
• indicator;
• dispensing valve with sleeve

Fuel dispenser diagram

where, 1 - intake valve; 2 - monoblock pump with electric drive; 3 - liquid meter; 4 - counting device; 5 - indicator; 6 - dispensing valve with a sleeve; 7 - filter; 8 - pump; 9 - gas separator; 10 - top check valve.

VALVE receiving at the inlet to the monoblock pump - designed to hold fuel in the suction cavity.

MONOBLOCK PUMP includes:

• filter designed to clean fuel from mechanical impurities: for gasoline larger than 100 microns, for diesel fuel - larger than 20 microns;
• rotary vane, rotary piston or vane pump. It consists of a body, a rotor and two covers. The direction of rotation of the rotor is indicated by an arrow on the motor pulley. During the rotation of the rotor, the blades, under the action of centrifugal force, are pressed against the inner surface * of the chamber of the pump housing, form closed volumes and transfer fluid from the suction cavity to the discharge cavity. Between the suction and discharge chambers there is a bypass valve with an adjusting screw. The valve opens if the pressure in the discharge cavity exceeds 0.15 ... 0.18 MPa, and the pump begins to partially work "for itself". Upon reaching a pressure of 0.25 ... 0.3 MPa, the pump completely works "for itself".

Rotary vane pump

where, 1, 2, 4 - covers; 3 - body; 5, 7, 8 - bushings; 6 - gland packing; 9 - spring; 10 - nut; 11 - pulley; 12 - special washer; 13 - cork; 14 - gasket; 15 - adjusting screw; 16 - spring; 17 - valve; 18 - rotor; 19 - blade; 20 - fitting.

• A gas separator with a float chamber is designed to remove gases and vapors from the fuel that interfere with the accurate operation of the liquid meter. In the gas separator, the liquid flow rate decreases due to an increase in the flow area, while the bubbles of gases and vapors are released in the upper part of the gas separator and removed. The gas separator consists of two chambers - the gas separator itself and the float chamber. If necessary, two filter elements with a filtering fineness of 20 microns are installed in it. The body is closed with a lid with a gasket. In its lower part there is a plug for draining fuel when changing filter elements or during repairs. The jet hole is connected to a float chamber, in the body of which a needle valve is located, which ensures that the accumulated fuel is drained into the suction cavity of the pump. Air is removed from the chamber through openings in the lid that communicate with the atmosphere.
• Top check valve is installed between the gas separator and the liquid counter. It consists of a body in which a seat is pressed in and a valve is installed. The body is closed by a cover with a sealing gasket. When the column is not working, the valve prevents the fuel from draining back from the measuring system. In addition, the non-return valve equalizes pressure when the column is not working and external factors create excess pressure in the measuring system. In this case, the pressure through the hole in the valve disc opens it and the excess pressure is discharged through the gas separator fitting into the float chamber.

The case of the monoblock pump is closed from the ends with covers: rear and front. At the bottom of the back cover there is a hole for draining fuel residues during repairs with a plug. The float chamber is closed with a lid.

LIQUID COUNTER. Designed to measure the volume of fuel passing through the column. It consists of a cylinder body, a base, cylinder side covers, a spool body. The cylinder body is the measuring chamber. It has four cylinders with liners, each of which contains pistons connected in pairs by a link. The pistons are equipped with cuffs. The volume of each cylinder is 125 cm 3 . The piston stroke is limited by four stops, which regulate the accuracy of fuel measurement. The stops are closed with lids and sealed. Under the pressure of the liquid, the pistons alternately move towards the axis of the counter, displacing the liquid from the opposite cylinder through the spool and pipeline. In this case, the movement of the pistons is transmitted to the crankshaft and vertical rollers associated with the counting device. The crankshaft is mounted vertically in two sliding bearings. A spool is planted on its upper part, which, under the action of the rotation of the crankshaft, redistributes the input and output of fuel. The lower part of the spool is lapped to the body, and the upper part to the seal with a spring. The shaft of the spool body is sealed with a cuff. The stroke of the pistons is regulated by changing the gap between the crankshaft crank and the link.

The COUNTING DEVICE is an indicator of the volume of a single issue and the total volume of fuel that has passed through the liquid meter. The counting device is driven by the rotation of the crankshaft of the liquid meter. For one revolution of the crankshaft, the fluid meter measures the volume of fuel equal to 0.5 liters.

The INDICATOR serves to control the filling of the measuring system with fuel. The appearance of air bubbles in the indicator indicates deviations in the operation of the gas separator or leaks in the suction system.

DISPENSING VALVE WITH A SLEEVE is designed for refueling equipment with fuel. A sleeve from 3.5 to 5 meters long is oil and petrol resistant, one end is connected to the indicator pipe, the other to a dispensing tap with a shut-off valve. The sleeve is grounded by a wire passed inside. The shut-off valve is designed to automatically cut off the fuel flow after the pump stops working. It is adjustable to a pressure of 0.04-0.06 MPa and prevents fuel from draining from the hose.

Fuel dispensers are devices designed to refuel vehicles with high-quality fuel and record the amount dispensed. They are classified according to the following criteria:

■ according to the degree of mobility (portable, stationary);

■ by type of drive (manual, electric, combined);

■ by control method (manual, from a local driver, from a remote driver, from an automatic driver);

■ according to the number of loading stations (single-station, multi-station);

■ by nominal fuel consumption (25, 40, 50, 100, 160 l/min);

■ according to the main error (±0.25-0.4%);

■ by type of reading device (mechanical, electrical), etc.

The domestic industry has produced and produces fuel dispensers of the following types:

KER - stationary column with electric drive and manual control;

KEK - a stationary column with an electric drive and combined (i.e. with remote and manual) control;

stationary caddy with electric drive and remote control;

KEM - stationary column with electric drive and local control;

KA - a stationary column with an electric drive and an automatic setting device (punch card, layouts, etc.);

KR - portable column with manual drive and manual control.

An example of fuel dispenser marking according to GOST 9018:

Assembly units are located in one building. Multi-station fuel dispensers are of the following types: single-fuel, dual-fuel with the possibility of refueling two vehicles simultaneously with one type of fuel with separate accounting for the fuel dispensed through each dispensing valve (for example, 2KED50-0.25-1/1 t);

• dual-fuel, four-hose with the possibility of simultaneous refueling of two vehicles with one or two types of fuel, taking into account the doses issued through each dispensing valve (for example, 2КЭД-50-0.251/2 t);
• three-fuel, six-hose with the possibility of simultaneous refueling of two vehicles with one or
• two of the three types of fuel, taking into account the doses dispensed through each dispensing valve (for example, 2КЭД50-0.25-1/4 t).

Regardless of the type and brand, each fuel dispenser consists of a hydraulic system and a reporting mechanism.

The column works as follows. The volume of supplied fuel is set from a remote device, the role of which can be played by a remote control, computer or cash register. After removing the dispensing valve and installing it in the neck of the fuel tank of the vehicle, the electric motor of the pump 3 is automatically turned on. Under the action of the vacuum created by the fuel pump, the fuel from the tank through the intake valve 1 and filters 2, 4 is fed into the gas separator 5.

Schematic diagram of a fuel dispenser:
1 - receiving valve; 2 - coarse filter; 3 - pump; 4 - fine filter; 5 - gas separator; 6 - float chamber;
7 - check valve; 8 - volume meter; 9 - volumetric counter; 10 - solenoid valve; 11 - indicator; 12 - pressure hose;
13 - distributing valve; 14 - bypass valve

The steam-air mixture separated here is sent to the float chamber 6, from where the air is vented into the atmosphere, and the liquid enters the suction line of the pump 3. The main fuel flow from the gas separator 4 through the check valve 7, the volume counter 9, the electromagnetic valve 10, the indicator 11 and the dispensing sleeve 12 is fed into the dispensing valve 13, from which it enters the fuel tank of the vehicle.

The foot valve is a non-return valve installed at the beginning of the dispensing line inside the tank and serves to prevent the fuel from the dispensing line from draining back into the tank when the fuel dispenser pump is turned off (thus ensuring that the dispensing line is constantly filled with fuel).

Receiving valve type KP:
1 - intake; 2 - stock; 3 - body; 4 - washer - load; 5 - valve

It is a poppet-type structure, consisting of a body 3, a valve seat and a valve disc 5. The alignment of the valve disc movement is ensured by the stem 2.

When the fuel dispenser pump is turned on, the check valve poppets rise and allow fuel to pass through. When the pump is turned off, under the influence of gravity and the weight of the liquid column, the plates fall onto the seats and prevent the fuel from draining from the delivery pipeline.

A coarse filter installed in the suction pipeline is designed to protect the hydraulic system of the dispensers from the ingress of solid particles, which can lead to wear and tear of the pump, as well as inaccurate measurement of the amount of oil product.

A filter element 1 and a check valve 3 are installed in the housing 2. The coarse filter ensures the separation of particles larger than 80-100 microns.

Coarse filter:
1 - filter element; 2 - body; 3 - check valve

Fuel pumps for fuel dispensers can be of various designs. The most widely used rotary vane pumps.

Their main elements are body 3, rotor 18 and covers 2, 4.

Blades 19 move freely in the radial grooves of the rotor. During its rotation, under the action of centrifugal force, they are pressed against the inner surface of the chamber of the pump housing, forming closed volumes, and transfer fuel from the suction cavity to the discharge cavity. Due to the installation between the suction and discharge cavities of the bypass valve 14, this type of pump has the property of self-regulation. The valve opens if the pressure in the discharge cavity exceeds 0.15-0.18 MPa, and the pump begins to partially work "for itself". Upon reaching a pressure of 0.25-0.3 MPa, the pump completely works "for itself".

Rotary vane pump:
1,2, 4 - covers; 3 - body; 5, 7.8 - bushings; 9 - spring; 10 - nut; 11 - pulley; 12 - special washer; 13 - cork;
14 - gasket; 15 - adjusting screw; 16 - spring; 17 - valve; 18 - rotor; 19 - scapula; 20 - fitting

Recently, some fuel dispensers use submersible pumps as fuel. In this case, the formation of vapor-air locks in the suction pipeline does not interfere with the operation of the columns.

The gas separator of the fuel dispenser is designed to separate air from the fuel, which can get into it when the fuel is drained into the tanks, as well as due to leaks in the suction pipeline.

It is a cylindrical body 2, inside which there is a filter element 4. A fitting is screwed into the cover 10 for connecting a tube through which the vapor-air mixture is discharged into the float chamber.

The float chamber consists of a housing closed with a cover 4, in which there is a float 3, rigidly connected to the needle valve 1. The two-phase mixture that has entered the float chamber is separated in it under the action of gravitational forces. When the liquid level in the chamber becomes sufficient, the float 3 pops up and the needle valve 1 opens, due to which the fuel returns to the suction pipe.

Gas separator:
1 - cork; 2 - body; 3 - tube;
4 - filter element; 5 - body;
6 - springs on; 7 - gasket; 8 - screw;
9 - sleeve; 10 - cover; 11 - ring

Float chamber:
1— needle valve;
2—body; 3 - float; 4 - cover

The membrane-type solenoid valve is designed to reduce fuel consumption before the end of the dose and stop the fuel supply after the issuance of a given dose. Since it performs two functions at once, it is called a double-acting valve.

Double acting solenoid valve:
1 - electromagnets; 2 - jet; 3 - cover; 4 - body; 5 - main valve;
6 - membrane; 7 - jet; 8 - anchor; 9 - rubber seals

The volume meter is a four-cylinder hydraulic engine, the cylinders of which are cast in a common block. In the cylinders there are wings with pistons sealed with cuffs, which are pressed against the cylinders by special coil springs. With the help of a spool, the flow of fuel is directed alternately to each of the cylinders, moving the pistons from one extreme position to another. The translational movement of the backstage with pistons is converted into rotational movement of the crankshaft, which is transmitted to the flow sensor with remote fuel. The stroke of the wings with pistons is adjusted by adjusting screws.

The reading mechanism of the meter is an indicator of the volume of a single issue and the total volume of fuel that has passed through the liquid meter. It is driven by the rotation of the liquid meter shaft.

The indicator is used to visually determine the presence of air in the dispensed fuel. It consists of a housing, a sealing ring 3, a gasket 2 and a transparent petrol-resistant cup 1.

Indicator:
1 - gas-resistant cup; 2 - gasket; 3 - sealing ring

The dispensing sleeve is designed for refueling vehicles with fuel. The oil and petrol resistant sleeve has a length of 3.5-4 m. At one end it is connected to the indicator pipe, and at the other end to a dispensing valve with a shut-off valve. The sleeve is grounded by a wire passed inside.

The dispensing tap can be automatic and non-automatic (with manual control). The latter consists of a housing, a connecting device (with a drain sleeve), a working valve with a control lever and a shut-off valve (since the “full sleeve” system has been adopted for fuel dispensing equipment for gas stations all over the world, i.e. the hydraulic system must be completely filled with fuel) .

Opening of cranes with manual control is carried out by pressing a special lever. Accordingly, to close them, the lever must be lowered. In automatic taps, when the fuel tank is filled to the upper level, it closes automatically. This is convenient, it prevents overflows, but when they are used, due to air leakage, foam is formed on the surface of the fuel in the tank, which leads to premature operation of the shutdown mechanism.

Main characteristics of fuel dispensers

The column is installed on the foundation, which provides for the possibility of laying from 1 to 4 (depending on the modification of the column) suction pipelines and one pipeline for power and control cables.

The diameter of the suction pipelines is 4050 mm, the depth of their laying is at least 0.7 m, the slope is 1-3 degrees towards the tanks.

The dispensers must be mounted at a distance of at least 5 and no more than 18 m from the tanks with a height of the vertical section of the suction pipelines up to 4 m.

Fuel dispensers for gas stations are designed for dispensing gasoline, diesel fuel, lubricants and propane-butane mixtures into different containers. Also, fuel dispensers are needed to account for and measure products sold.

Types of fuel dispensers and the principle of their operation

Fuel dispensers - equipment that is presented on the market in two versions - single and double. The choice depends on which gas station the device will be used at. For mobile or container filling stations, it is recommended to buy a single dispenser. She only serves one car. Its main advantage is its low price.

At full-fledged gas stations, double fuel dispensers are installed. They serve two vehicles at the same time. This allows you to quickly refuel cars and not create a queue. The downside is that double dispensers are more difficult to maintain and repair compared to single dispensers.

All fuel dispensers consist of the following elements:

• pump;
• deep and fine filters;
• gun and hose for distribution;
• gas separator;
• volume meter;
• fuel counter;
• counting device.

The principle of operation is quite simple. First, the dose of fuel is indicated. Next, the pistol is removed for distribution and the electric motor is activated. This helps move the fuel from the storage tank to the pump, and from there to the volumetric meter, which is connected to gears that operate a special shaft to create an indicator signal.

The fuel passes through the gas separation sensor and enters the gun. The next stage is the conversion of information about the volume passed. The data appears on the fuel dispenser screen.

Characteristics of fuel dispensers

The Vinso-SV company offers different types of the equipment for gas stations. The choice of model is based on the capacity of the gas station, mobility, process automation and many other factors.

Fuel dispensers, based on the requirements for them, are classified according to the following parameters:

• type of drive. There are three options - manual, electric and combined. The first type is almost never used, as it is inconvenient to use;
• control method. Can be manual mode, from a local or remote setting device. In the first option, the fuel supply does not automatically stop. Local control implies that the client himself chooses the desired volume, and remote control means that the operator sets the required value;
• fuel consumption. The maximum value is 160 liters per minute;
• placement method. Elements of the fuel dispenser can be in one or more housings.

The cost of the fuel dispenser depends on all the above parameters. But the price is also affected by who the manufacturer is.

Top Producers

In the online store you can buy fuel dispensers of various well-known brands. The best fuel dispensers:

• "Topaz". Productivity - 50 or 140 liters. The manufacturer is domestic, so the cost is low;
• "Shelf". The main advantage is the increased turn of the distributing hoses;
• Gilbarco. Comply with the most stringent safety requirements;
• Tatsuno Rus. The company is a manufacturer of petrol and gas dispensers, which are used at small and stationary gas stations;
• "Nara". The trademark has been on the market for over 50 years and all its products comply with international quality standards;
• "Livenka". The main advantage is the service life of the fuel dispenser for at least 10 years.

These are not all the brands that are presented on the site. If you do not know which fuel dispenser for diesel fuel, gasoline or propane-butane mixture is needed, please contact our managers.

We have been selling equipment for gas stations and tank farms for over 20 years, so the quality of the goods is beyond doubt. You can find out about the conditions for placing an order and delivery in a special section.