How do I understand the concept of language security. Russian language in the context of national security. Russian Culture Code

Size: px

Start impression from page:

transcript

1 Yu. N. Biryukova * Linguistic security and language policy in the modern Russian context Take care of our language, our beautiful Russian language is a treasure, it is a heritage handed down to us by our predecessors! Treat this mighty instrument with respect: in the hands of the skilled, it is able to perform miracles. I. S. Turgenev At present, the problem of linguistic security of communication in modern Russian society is becoming more and more urgent. Nevertheless, it is little studied and insufficiently developed in science. All modern definitions and characteristics of security do not fundamentally contradict each other and boil down to the fact that security is a certain state of an object, system, interconnection, interaction and correlation of the totality of conditions and factors that ensure the preservation, security, functioning, development and improvement of objects, systems . This is "an intrinsic property of a stable system under conditions of conflict, risk, threats." This can be rightfully attributed to the language system. In scientific articles on security, the language appears in two aspects: as an object for various kinds of threats and as a means, method, condition for achieving or maintaining security. * Senior Lecturer of the Department of Humanities and Social and Economic Disciplines of the Russian State University for the Humanities, branch in Saratov. Romanovich A. L. Prospects for development and security: philosophical and methodological problems. M., S. 25. Biryukova Yu. N., 20

2 68 LEGAL CULTURE 20 2() Linguistic security is a relatively new concept that has not yet received a proper systematic description in science. Most often, the concept of linguistic security is discussed in the context of issues of national security, information security, linguistic sovereignty and language policy. We present linguistic security as an integral part of the national security of the state, although this is not fixed at the legislative level. By linguistic security, we mean the stable state of the language, in which its safe existence is ensured to the fullest extent, the preservation of integrity, the ability for self-development and self-improvement, despite the adverse internal and external impact. Mutual reflection and mutual formation of the categorical structure of the language and the categorical structure of human thinking determine the well-known independence of the language, which is expressed in the presence of its own internal patterns of its development. At the same time, the language "accompanies" the entire practical life of people, their social existence, since the main function of the language is communicative. Language is the main means of communication. Thanks to language, a form of transfer of social experience, cultural norms and traditions specific to a person becomes possible; through language, the continuity of the historical consciousness of the people is realized. Language is a reflection of the level of culture of a given people. The external environment affects the structure of the language more or less directly, for example, when new words appear, when their meanings change. However, it can also influence in an obvious way indirectly through the contact of languages, the formation of the literary form of the language and its impact on the colloquial form, the development of genre varieties of the language, its functional styles, etc., in other words, through everything that is connected with the functioning language, which acts as a regular intermediary between the external environment and the structure of the language. Taking into account the inevitability and naturalness of changes in the language, researchers have to state the loosening of the norms of the modern Russian literary language. This is due, first of all, to those dynamic processes that are rapidly changing speech and communicative-pragmatic norms in both oral and written communication. The process of loosening the norms of the literary language can be considered an internal threat to the language, i.e., a violation of its integrity and ability for self-development and self-regulation. At the same time, the Russian literary language ceases to be a single code that unites native speakers, and, accordingly, ceases to effectively fulfill its main communicative function. Thus, the language "needs protection", which is designed to ensure the activities of the state and other political forces to establish the status of the language in society, i.e. language policy. We use the definition given by the famous linguist, Professor V.P. Grigoriev: “Language policy is the theory and practice of the conscious impact of society on the course of language development, i.e., targeted and scientifically based management of the functioning of existing languages and the creation and improvement of new language means of communication ". Grigoriev V. P. Velimir Khlebnikov in the four-dimensional space of language. M., S

3 Yu. N. Biryukova 69 The effectiveness and efficiency of language policy depend on the regulation of the language behavior of subjects and objects of language policy. The language policy with respect to the state language, which is the monopoly of the official sphere of communication, is distinguished by the greatest strength, is supported and stimulated by the state in every possible way. For this purpose, appropriate structures for translation and document management are being created, exams are being introduced for access to administrative positions, etc. The issue of choosing the state language is most typical and acute for countries that have gained sovereignty. The requirements of the language policy are the need to study the language, determine the scope of its distribution, education, publication, etc. Language repressions, restrictions and prohibitions imposed by the dominant ethnic elites are caused by the desire for social and political integration of society, increasing its stability. The ruling elite of the post-Soviet states uses language to expand their influence, creating a language filter to "liberate" prestigious social niches and protect them from unwanted ethnic counterparts. The language policy is carried out through a system of specific state events, by certain means, in the course of officially conducted procedures. This boils down to the following main areas: the eradication of illiteracy; selection and establishment of the state (official) standard language; a certain position of other languages in relation to the state language; definition of spheres and types of language states and situations of each of the languages; codification and improvement of the content of the state language. In the scientific literature it is emphasized that only in Belarus and Kyrgyzstan the Russian language is the state language along with the national one (A. A. Bartosh). We are talking about a trend that has a devastating effect on the social and communicative aspects of the life of citizens of Russia and the former Russian-speaking CIS countries. The relationship between the concepts of language policy and linguistic security is thus obvious. Protective activity in relation to the language (implementation of the policy of linguistic security) is part of the language policy. Let us dwell in more detail on the linguistic security of the Russian literary language. The Russian language is the state language of the Russian Federation, a means of interethnic communication in the CIS and Baltic countries in the post-Soviet space. Russian is one of the six working languages of the UN and one of the most widely spoken languages in the world in terms of the number of people who speak it. “Gradually, more and more clear (by the state. Yu. B.) the role of the language that unites and pulls together the colossal Eurasian space: consolidation, unity and cultural development of the peoples of Russia, cooperation with the peoples of the CIS member states and the Baltic countries, with the world community as a whole ”, writes L. Kh. Astezheva. Many problems that are being solved jointly by the Government of the Russian Federation and leading domestic linguists (theorists and practitioners) at the present stage are the main task of language policy in the post-Soviet space. Astezheva L.Kh. Language policy in the Russian Federation // Psycholinguistic aspects of language analysis of the text: Sat. scientific tr. Saratov, S. 8.

4 70 LEGAL CULTURE 20 2() In the Russian Federation, the means of language policy are legislative acts, Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation, decisions of the administrations of regions, cities, districts, orders of the ministers of education, culture and information that regulate relations in the sphere of the Russian language. These are positive trends observed in Russian society. In our country today, particular importance is attached to the solution of language problems due to their particular relevance, which is reflected in the regulatory documents, but this is not enough. As positive examples of state policy in this area, we can name the adoption of the Federal Law "On the State Language of the Russian Federation" (2005), the approval of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On the Year of the Russian Language" (2007), the Doctrine of Information Security of the Russian Federation (2000) (language considered as one of the objects of information security), the Federal Target Program "Russian Language (20,205)" (20). As an example of the manifestation of negative trends in language policy, one can cite the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia (2009) “On approval of the list of grammars, dictionaries and reference books containing the norms of the modern Russian literary language when it is used as the state language of the Russian Federation”, which approved the recommended list of grammars, dictionaries and reference books that fix the norms of the modern Russian literary language. This innovation is ambiguously perceived by the public and the scientific community, questions arise about the appropriateness of such innovations. Such a language policy leads to the simplification and legalization of errors. It is necessary to take into account not only the recommendations of the Interdepartmental Commission on the Russian Language (according to the results of the examination), but also the opinion of the most educated part of Russian society. As you know, the main condition for the existence of a literary language is the stability and conservatism of norms that allow you to maintain the continuity of generations, identify yourself as Russian speakers, as a Russian nation. "The preservation of the Russian language is the basis of the security of the Russian nation, and the protective actions of the state, which has put the doctrine of national security at the head of its policy, should be directed to its protection." According to leading linguists, numerous lexical, grammatical and logical-semantic errors become characteristic features of the speech of Russian politicians, media workers (journalists, announcers and presenters). This shows blatant unprofessionalism. Graduates of schools and universities (!) often do not have the necessary knowledge, do not know the norms of the Russian literary language, do not have the skills of correct speaking and writing. With the approval of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Professional Education of the third generation, the status of the discipline, which was previously included in the federal component of the cycle of humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines (in most specialties) "Russian language and culture of speech", has changed dramatically: in non-core areas of bachelor's training, this discipline is not included in the basic cycle. It is also important to take into account the reduction of hours for the study of the Russian language in schools, i.e., continuity in the study of the language is not ensured. In the school course of mastering the native (in this Mironova T.L. How cattle are made in our country: about the technology of information terror. URL: rukniga.ru/lib/bitva/mironova-kak_iz_nas_delaiut_bydlo.html (date of access:).

5 Yu. N. Biryukova 7 in the case of the Russian language), basic knowledge is acquired, for those who receive higher education this is clearly not enough. The situation that has developed in domestic education can be considered alarmist. Experts note that at the turn of the XX XXI century. in the system of the Russian literary language, there is a process of destruction of old literary norms and the formation of new ones, as well as an increase in the expansion of foreign words, jargon, “albanisms”, vulgarisms and even obscene vocabulary. Obviously, one of the urgent tasks of modern Russian society, the state is to increase the level of communicative and speech culture of an individual and society as a whole, which implies: an objective assessment of the role of language in society as one of the state-forming elements; understanding that the Russian language is the most important factor in the formation of the national, civic identity of Russians; awareness of the need to form a personal communicative-speech culture of the ability and skills of free and effective speech behavior using various means of the literary Russian language in a wide variety of communicative situations. Thus, the preservation of the Russian language, its integrity is the implementation of the policy of linguistic security at the state level. That is why we consider it necessary to single out linguistic security as one of the components of national security, which requires fixing at the legislative level. Linguistic security can be included in the types of security fixed in Art. Section 3 3 of the Law of the Russian Federation “On Security”: “The Security Council of the Russian Federation considers the strategic problems of state, economic, public, defense, information, environmental and other types of security” (highlighted by us. Yu. B.), and not be considered only as part of the information type security. In addition, we consider it expedient to develop the Doctrine of Linguistic Security of the Russian Federation, which can become an effective tool for protecting the state language of Russia, Russian, when pursuing a language state policy, as well as the national languages of the peoples of our multinational country in the context of implementing a policy of linguistic tolerance. Let's summarize:. The need for linguistic security in the preservation, reproduction of the language and, at the same time, in adapting it to changes that are constantly taking place in the world and society, is basic, is realized in the conscious activity of society and the state, and is one of the foundations of the officially pursued language policy of the state. The tasks of protection and preservation are very relevant for the Russian literary language. The protective resource of the language is made up of such components of its external system as the preservation of the original culture as a whole, the implementation of the cultural and linguistic policy of the state: the organization of the teaching of national languages, the freedom to choose the language of education, training and education. To illustrate our position, we turned to the survey data of the All-Russian Public Opinion Research Center (VTsIOM). In total, 600 people were interviewed in 53 settlements in 46 regions, territories and republics of Russia. The results of the survey were discouraging: only 4% of respondents answered all eight questions correctly. Even the group of respondents with higher and incomplete higher education did not excel in literacy: only 7% of respondents in this category knew the answers to all questions.

6 72 LEGAL CULTURE 20 2() 2. The Russian language, like each of the languages of the peoples of Russia, is an object of legal regulation in the state language policy of the Russian Federation. Bilingualism (bilingualism) (as in most territories of the post-Soviet space) and multilingualism (multilingualism) are a powerful reserve that ensures the realization of the need for security. The organization of linguistic security requires considerable time and effort on the part of educational authorities, the media, and authorities. The main condition is that the measures taken should be effective (functional), and not declarative formalized. To do this, it is possible to create public censoring organizations in the media sphere, as well as constant monitoring of programs adopted. 3. It is expedient, in our opinion, to supplement the current legislation with normative legal acts regulating the use of the state language of the Russian Federation, to develop the basic principles and goals for the implementation of the state language policy of Russia, and also to introduce regulatory procedures and rules for preserving the language as a Russian national and world object of culture. It is proposed to single out linguistic security as one of the components of national security, which can be included in the types of security fixed in Art. 3 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On Security". We also consider it necessary to develop the Linguistic Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation. Thus, the consistent implementation of the language policy and the provision of linguistic security on the part of the state and society should contribute to the preservation of civil accord in the Russian Federation, the strengthening of friendship between representatives of various ethnic groups and peoples living in Russia and abroad, the preservation of stability and peace, and, most most importantly, the preservation of the heritage of the Russian people "the great and mighty Russian language." More than half of Russians 58% believe that the domestic media need state censorship, despite its constitutional ban. Such data are contained in the VTsIOM sociological survey conducted in 2008.

The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) Representatives of more than 120 nationalities live in the republic, including the proportion of Yakuts in the national composition of the population 45.5%, Russians 41.2%, Ukrainians 3.6%, Evenks

224 FORMATION OF SOCIO-CULTURAL COMPETENCE OF STUDENTS IN THE PROCESS OF LEARNING LANGUAGES UDC 37.01.001.8 Sociolinguistic and ethno-cultural aspects of teaching languages in educational institutions of the Russian

Considered and adopted by the Council of the School MOBU OOSH s.novoursaevo municipal district Bakalinsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan 2013. Approved by order of the director of MOBU OOSH s.novoursaevo municipal district

The concept of the federal target program "Russian Language" for 2016-2020 was approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 20, 2014 2647-r. The concept of the federal target program "Russian language" on

FOREWORD At the present stage of development of society, in the period of active processes of globalization that penetrate into all spheres of our life, the problem of preserving native languages is especially acute, which is especially

Annotation to the work programs in the Russian language (grades 10-11) This work program in the Russian language (profile level) for students in grade 10 B is compiled on the basis of the following regulatory documents:

3.2.2.9 Ethno-social relations. Udmurtia is a territory of international peace and harmony. The objectives of the national policy in the Udmurt Republic are: ensuring ethno-political stability in the region

Municipal autonomous educational institution "Secondary school 40" city of Kamensk-Uralsky Work program on the subject "Russian language" Grade 10-11 STANDARD OF AVERAGE (FULL)

STANDARD OF SECONDARY (FULL) GENERAL EDUCATION IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE PROFILE LEVEL The study of the Russian language at the profile level of secondary (complete) general education is aimed at achieving the following

CULTURE AS A FACTOR OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (INFORMATIONAL APPROACH) The world is on the threshold of global changes that require a deep understanding of the ongoing socio-economic processes. Formed

STANDARD OF SECONDARY (FULL) GENERAL EDUCATION IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE Basic level The study of the Russian language at the basic level of secondary (complete) general education is aimed at achieving the following goals:

Annotation to the program in the Russian language. Grade 10. The working curriculum in the Russian language for grade 10 was compiled on the basis of the Federal component of the state standard for general education,

ANNOTATION TO THE WORKING PROGRAM OF THE EDUCATIONAL DISCIPLINE OGSE.01 BASICS OF PHILOSOPHY The program of the academic discipline is part of the training program for mid-level specialists in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standards of secondary vocational education. 1.2.

DECREE OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION On the National Anti-Corruption Strategy and the National Anti-Corruption Plan for 2010-2011 (As amended by Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation

Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 460 of April 13, 2010 (as amended on March 13, 2012) "ON THE NATIONAL ANTI-CORRUPTION STRATEGY AND THE NATIONAL ANTI-CORRUPTION PLAN FOR 2010-2011" Decree (as amended by the Decree of the President

Problems of advanced training of teachers on the use and teaching of Russian as a native, non-native and foreign language Savchenko K.V., Art. teacher of the department of Russian

LANGUAGE COMPETENCE OF A FUTURE SPECIALIST AS AN INDICATOR OF THE QUALITY OF MODERN EDUCATION Bessonova L.A., Belarusian State Pedagogical University named after Maxim Tank, Kuntsevich N.V.,

1 Russian language Annotation The work program on the subject "Russian language" for grade 1 was developed on the basis of the Federal component of the state educational standard of primary general education

UDC 378.02:372.8 INDIVIDUALIZATION OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF PEDAGOGICAL BACHELOR EDUCATION BASED ON AN INTEGRATIVE-MODULAR APPROACH TO LEARNING SEVERAL FOREIGN LANGUAGES 2016 A. S. Shilova

Language competence of students as an indicator of the quality of teaching foreign languages at school In recent years, there has been a significant reassessment of the role and place of foreign languages in the content of education.

Annotation to the work program in the Russian language grades 5 9 Baranova, T. A. Ladyzhenskoy. et al. Work program in the Russian language

Annotation to the work program in the Russian language for grades 5-9 GEF LLC The work program of the subject "Russian language" of the compulsory subject area "Philology" for basic general education has been developed

Civil service in the functioning of the state as a whole; it is the creation of effective legislative support for public service relations in modern conditions that should contribute to the formation

UDC: 316.3+316.6 FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF CIVIL IDENTITY OF THE YOUTH OF THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA Ogol V.L., bachelor, FGBOUVO "Russian State University of Justice" (Crimean branch), Simferopol,

2 I. GENERAL PROVISIONS 1. This Regulation on the language of the municipal autonomous general educational institution "Secondary school 7" has been developed in accordance with the requirements of the following

B A K A L A V R I A T Culture of Speech Practicum edited by Professor V.D. Chernyak Recommended by FSBEI HPE “Russian State Pedagogical University A.I. Herzen" as a teaching aid

Russian language in the states that emerged on the territory of the former USSR Analytical reference Prepared by V.L. Moskovkin, Director of the Secretariat of the International Association of Teachers of Russian Language and Literature

Annotations to the work programs in the Russian language for grades 5-9 for the 2016-20167 academic year Baranova, T.A. Ladyzhenskaya and other workers

Udmurt Republic Representatives of more than a hundred nationalities live in Udmurtia. The indigenous population of the Udmurts. According to the All-Russian census of 2002, Russians 60.1%, Udmurts 29.3%, Tatars

ISSN 2079-8490 Electronic scientific publication "Scientific notes of the PNU" 2015, Volume 6, 3, p. 98 102 [email protected] UDC 342.9

1. The goals of mastering the discipline: the practical goal is to form the student's readiness for intercultural communication, which involves the development of mediated writing skills (reading, writing)

Brief annotation of the professional program "Translator in the field of professional" Professional program Name of the program of improvement "Translator in the field of professional qualification"

Myasoutov Oleg Valerievich Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University. V.P. Astafyeva» FORMATION OF POLITICAL CONSCIOUSNESS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AS A PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL PROBLEM Annotation.

Annotation to the work program "Russian language" The work program in the Russian language for grades 5-11 in St. Petersburg GBUZ VTSDOiT "Ogonyok" was compiled using materials from the Federal State Educational

Project Republican Program for the implementation of the Program of the President of the Republic of Dagestan "Human Capital" ("Enlightened Dagestan") "On the Development of the Languages of the Peoples of Dagestan" Program Passport Name

Petrushkov Mikhail Georgievich Tajikistan "Russian World" and the national security of Russia Widespread use of the term "national security", despite the rather long history of existence

Section 1 IMPLEMENTATION OF T. G. RAMZAYEVA’S IDEAS IN MODERN LANGUAGE EDUCATION 7 L. V. Savelyeva RSPU im. A. I. Herzen St. Petersburg [email protected] SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL HERITAGE OF T. G. RAMZAYEVA:

Doctrine of Information Security: Organizational and Legal Basis for Implementation T.A. Polyakova, Head. Department of Information Law of the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Law

LEGAL PROBLEMS OF ORGANIZING A UNIFIED SYSTEM OF EXECUTIVE AUTHORITIES PERFORMING STATE SUPERVISION AND CONTROL IN THE FINANCIAL AREA UDC 342 О.Е. Tomazova The Constitution of the Russian Federation enshrined the main

EDUCATIONAL STANDARD FOR SECONDARY (FULL) GENERAL EDUCATION IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE BASIC LEVEL The study of the Russian language in high school at the basic level is aimed at achieving the following goals:

WORKING PROGRAM FOR THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE 10-11 GRADES (profile level) This work program is designed for studying the Russian language at the profile level in the amount of 102 hours (3 hours per week) and is compiled

STANDARD OF SECONDARY (COMPLETE) GENERAL EDUCATION IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE BASIC LEVEL The study of the Russian language at the basic level of secondary (complete) general education is aimed at achieving the following goals:

Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Peoples' Friendship University of Russia" INSTITUTE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES Adopted by the Academic Council of the Institute of Foreign Languages

According to the order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated December 31, 2015 1576 "On Amendments to the Federal State Educational Standard of the IEO", to introduce changes in the subject results of mastering the main educational program of primary general education.

SUMMARY OF WORKING PROGRAMS OF EDUCATIONAL DISCIPLINES OF THE GENERAL HUMANITARIAN AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CYCLE

WORK PROGRAM IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE 10-11 GRADES LEVCHENKO I.G.-10 grade Explanatory note The work program in Russian for grades 10-11 (profile level) is based on the

1 I. Annotation 1. The name of the discipline in accordance with the curriculum Russian language and culture of speech 2. The purpose and objectives of the discipline are: 2 The objectives of mastering the discipline "Russian language and culture of speech"

APPROVED Decree of the Verkhovna Rada of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea on December 26, 2012 1072-6/12 PROGRAM to promote the development of civil society in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea for 2013 2015 SECTION

PASSPORT OF THE WORKING PROGRAM OF THE EDUCATIONAL DISCIPLINE OF THE OGSE. 01 FOUNDATIONS OF PHILOSOPHY 1.1. Scope of the work program The work program of the academic discipline is part of the main educational professional

EXPLANATORY NOTE 10-11 CLASS The work program in the Russian language for students in grades 10-11 was created on the basis of documents: Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 2013 273-FZ “On Education

PRIVATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION "ALLA PRIMA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL" Rostov-on-Don SUMMARY OF THE WORK PROGRAM IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE 7 CLASS 1. The work program in Russian for the VII class is compiled

Sandakova B.B., Tsyngunova Ts.M. Speech culture of a medical worker // IV-th All-Russian scientific-practical conference "Peculiarities of the use of educational technologies in the process of education and upbringing",

Annotations to the work programs in the Russian language grades 5-9 for the 2015-2016 academic year

SUMMARY TO THE WORKING PROGRAM IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE, GRADE 10 The work program was created on the basis of an exemplary program of secondary (complete) general education in the Russian language. This program is designed for

Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Yu.A. Nisnevich, Doctor of Political Science, Director of the Institute of Liberal Development Problems, Professor of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia and the State Higher School of Economics

State budgetary educational institution secondary school 312 with in-depth study of the French language of the Frunzensky district of St. Petersburg "Approved" "Agreed"

INTRODUCTION TO THE PROFESSION: GENERAL COMPETENCES OF A PROFESSIONAL

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of December 31, 2015 N 1576 "On Amendments to the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education, approved by order

IV. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE RESULTS OF MASTERING THE BASIC EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM OF BASIC GENERAL EDUCATION

1. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF MASTERING THE DISCIPLINE Goals of mastering the discipline (module) Foreign language (English). Increasing the initial level of foreign language proficiency achieved at the previous level of education,

Annotation to the work program in the Russian language grade 6 (FSES) The work program in Russian for grade 6 was compiled using materials from the Federal State Standard of the main

Educational potential of extracurricular activities. Extracurricular activity satisfies the important needs of the student, it is voluntary, involves greater independence, free communication, self-government.

The Republic of Tatarstan According to the All-Russian population census of 2010, representatives of over 173 nationalities live in the territory of the republic, including 8 nationalities, the population

103 A.S. Kalyakin Professional training of a linguist, translator in modern conditions The article is devoted to the main problems of professional training of a linguist, translator in the conditions of formation

I understand the expression “language security” as a language, like people and buildings of architecture, needs security. There are few people on Earth who know how to use the language correctly, that is, they follow the rules and norms.

In the information age, young people, communicating on the Internet, do not pay attention to spelling and grammatical errors. Young people are increasingly talking with the help of abbreviations and slang, and their native language is simply forgotten. Now the state is taking measures so that young people become more educated: they read more classical literature and engage in their own self-education.

So, in order to secure our native language, people should pay more attention to how we speak and write.

Other works on this topic:

My home is my castle. English proverb. My city is my home, where I live and with whom I “communicate” every day. Undoubtedly, in...
Theme of the lesson: “Security on the Internet” Grade: Grade 11 Purpose of the lesson: to study dangerous Internet threats and methods of dealing with them; Objectives: Educational: get to know...
The main goal of any enterprise or firm is to make a profit, that is, the firm must generate income and not incur losses. Especially for this, before the establishment of the enterprise,...
Essay on the topic “Russian language in the modern world and its meaning” Today I am one of 170 million people who consider Russian as their native language. I AM...
Conversation with parents “Information security” Informatics teacher of MAOU “Secondary School No. 1”, Solikamsk Kostarev Denis Viktorovich “It’s better to meet halfway than to expect on the spot” Alexander...
Summary of the lesson for the 7th grade on the topic “Safety” Explanatory note A series of conversations was compiled for older children, where friends of a squirrel and a hare come to the children, ...
Summary of a lesson for life safety on the topic Ensure your own safety. director of BZh MBOU secondary school No. 7 of the city of Kemerovo Nebozhenko L ....
Our safety: Behavior with an unfamiliar dog An encounter with an unfamiliar dog can end badly if the person cannot "read" the dog's intentions and correctly signal their own....
Psychological safety: myth or reality? It is necessary to write only when, as one of our famous contemporaries put it, when it is no longer possible not to write. Everything written can be conditional ...

The youth of Russia and the problems of language security

Speech at the XII World Russian People's Council February 21, 2007, hearings on the "Young Generation of Russia" doctrine

"Youth of Russia and problems of language security" –the first time you hear these words, you can recognize them as a pun. Rarely do you hear the phrase "youth of Russia", even less often–"language security". However, there is a close connection between the youth of Russia and the problems of language security. It was the youth who first spoke about these problems in modern Russia. Moreover, she not only spoke, but immediately began to act, began to offer her recipes for solving such complex issues.

Faced with personal experience with a cruel untruth regarding their native language, seeing in the loud statements of high-ranking officials about the need to respect the Russian language only populist tinsel, when in reality, with the connivance of bureaucrats, the opposite happens, the youth finally realized that the Russian language today is experiencing monstrous aggression.

I mean, first of all, educational standards, the policy of the domestic media in relation to the Russian language and the dominance of the so-called. network slang that distorts our native words.

Today, in Russian schools, the study of the Russian language and Russian literature is reduced to a minimum, and the quality control of knowledge is carried out mainly through testing, which leads to the intellectual degradation of schoolchildren and their mental impoverishment as carriers of live Russian speech. University students practically do not study the Russian language and Russian literature, even at the philological faculties the history of the Russian literary language fits into the framework of just a few lectures.

In the Russian-speaking segment of the Internet, users communicate mainly with such words that distort the thousand-year history of the Russian language, such as: "preved", "medved", "duffay", "author", "zhzhot" and so on.

There is practically no word in the media in defense of the Russian language. The speech of TV and radio presenters is replete with jargon and foreign words, the meaning of words is distorted from ignorance of the correct stress, thereby the announcers and mass media persons act as a kind of linguistic terrorists.

All this indicates that the Russian language is currently experiencing a monstrous genocide, or rather, linguocide.

It is unacceptable that today, when the state is in a position to control the mass media, things should happen that harm the language security of Russia. I also mean the events of 2007, it was then, in the Year of the Russian Language, that TV channels saw the light of many shows that trample on everything related to Russian culture and the Russian language. It is unacceptable that today the speeches of K. Sobchak, Lolita, M. Shvydkoy and other people who have never been distinguished by a fiery love for the Russian language are given out as the "correct" language.

The youth of Russia is resolutely opposed to the word "Russian" becoming a synonym for everything vile, criminal and disgusting. We are against the imposition by the media of such negative phrases as "Russian mafia", "Russian prostitutes", "Russian chanson", "Russian fascism". We stand for the popularization of expressions: "Russian character", "Russian people", "Russian self-consciousness", "Russian Church".

The youth of Russia actively shows its position in relation to the problems of language security in major public conferences and symposiums. During the past 2007, the Year of the Russian Language, events were held at which, at the initiative of young people, the problems of language security were finally discussed.

So in May 2007 in Kaluga, as part of II Optina Forum hosted a round table on the topic: "Problems of security and ensuring national interests in the history of modern Russia." As a result of the round table, in which youth took an active part, a resolution was adopted, the main points of which are as follows:

“In the context of increasing internal and external threats to the national and spiritual security of Russia, the role of the patriotic part of the domestic intelligentsia is growing immeasurably, especially in countering processes and phenomena that violate the civilizational foundations of society and the state ...

... In the context of the ongoing genocide of the Russian language in the Year of the Russian Language, it is necessary to adopt the Law on the Protection of the Russian Language.

Members of the Organizing Committee for the celebration of the Year of the Russian Language in the time remaining until the end of 2007 urgently develop a set of measures to improve the situation in the field of language security. At the same time, the decisions made should be implemented taking into account the positive experience of foreign countries in the field of state policy in relation to the native language..

In June 2007, a holiday-festival "Week of the Russian Language" took place in Moscow. The participants of the round table "Youth and the Church, spiritual ties with compatriots" adopted a resolution in which they clearly and frankly expressed their attitude to the problem of language security in the following paragraphs:

“P.4. The participants of the section are concerned that in the Russian youth environment there is a clear loss of national landmarks. Modern youth is increasingly incapable of adequate perception of the Russian literary language. Under the current conditions, it is necessary to adopt the “Law on the Protection of the Russian Language.

P.5. To consider as incompatible with the interests of the development of national culture and language the implementation by the Government of Moscow of the "Moscow Basic Curriculum", published in the materials of the Collegium of the Department of Education of Moscow (Teacher's newspaper. Moscow. No. 9. (10142) dated March 6, 2007), the main provisions of which need to be revised. It is unacceptable in the Year of the Russian Language to carry out genocide of the state language in the capital region, reducing the teaching of the Russian language in Moscow schools, in return introducing additional hours for the study of foreign languages.

Item 7. The participants of the round table appeal to the Administration of the President and the Government of Russia with an appeal to actively promote knowledge and science with the help of all available means and resources. On television, it is necessary to significantly reduce the screening of low-quality films and all kinds of talk shows. At the legislative level, prohibit the use of abusive and abusive words and expressions in the media. The legalization of swearing (blasphemy against the Mother of God) undermines Russian national culture and offends the feelings of believers. Promote an increase in the number of educational programs for children and adolescents on television and radio.”

The above quotes clearly show the concern, the pain of the youth of Russia about their national language heritage, at the same time, the youth, with the support of the older generation, outlines ways to solve the problems of language security. Obviously, today it is necessary to take into account all the mistakes and failures of the Year of the Russian Language, move away from bragging and banal window dressing, strain all the best intellectual forces of our society in order to achieve noble goals - strengthening the institution of the family, promoting a healthy lifestyle, stabilizing the demographic situation and, of course, strengthening the language security of Russia.

In this regard, the draft approval and implementation of Doctrines of the "Young Generation of Russia". It is no coincidence that in this process it is young people who are assigned a key, cementing role. The words of His Holiness Patriarch Alexy of Moscow and All Russia sound authoritative and wise. II , said by him in the last Christmas message:

“The coming year in our Fatherland has been declared the Year of the Family… The whole society, especially young people, must rediscover for itself a simple and eternal truth: where there is no love, mutual responsibility, readiness to give all life as a gift to those you love, there is no happiness, nor the fullness of being. Divorces, abortions, the desire for profit and endless pleasures, the neglect of one's own children, who so often find themselves deprived of parental caress and education - all this turns the life of an individual and an entire nation into a joyless existence, full of remorse of conscience. If love, faith, the joy of mutual bestowal and support for each other reign in families, then we will be surrounded by much more happy faces. The fate of our peoples will also change for the better.”

With deep gratitude and attention, perceiving these words from the lips of our spiritual leader, His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II , we are aware of the personal measure of responsibility for what is happening in the country. At the same time, we are concerned about how the image of modern youth is interpreted in the domestic media, the Russophobic interpretation of this image is being aggressively imposed on society. According to these trends, the youth is a rude, aggressive mass, the stimulus for which is the cult of the golden calf, violence and nationalism. Such an image of a representative of the younger generation, unfortunately, is firmly entrenched in the minds of contemporaries. Members of youth public organizations such as the Youth Public Chamber and the MAMIF Research Foundation are extremely concerned about such trends. Through our activities, we are trying to show that there are other young people who are anxious about the cultural, moral and spiritual heritage of Russia. We believe that an attentive attitude to the native culture, history, religion, language, literary heritage, respect for the traditions of the ancestors is the key to the political and moral stability of society.

Today, the state and public institutions should not be afraid to attract young people to help them, they should not shun young people, relying on their inexperience and ambition. On the contrary, it is necessary to give young people the opportunity to gain valuable experience through fruitful cooperation, through support for interesting and creative projects coming from representatives of youth thought.

Obviously, in the context of the aggravated problems of language security, the Law "On the Protection of the Russian Language" is vital. As can be seen from the texts of the resolutions presented above, the youth of Russia is strongly in favor of the adoption of such a Law. It seems that in the conditions when Russia is entering a new era of its political and state existence, it is necessary to create a permanent body to develop the main provisions of the Law "On the Protection of the Russian Language". The Winter Olympic Games in Sochi are just around the corner, and Russia is obliged not only to protect and protect its state language, but also to use its great power status wisely to preserve the Russian-speaking space abroad, to spread Russian culture among the population of foreign countries.

Summing up what has been said, using such a high rostrum of the World Russian People's Council, I ask you to include in the final Council speech the points concerning the attitude of the youth of Russia to the problems of language security and the need to develop and subsequent entry into force of the Law "On the Protection of the Russian Language".

Notes:

1.II Optina Forum. Resolution of the round table "Problems of security and ensuring national interests in the history and modern Russia": .

2. Resolution of the round table "Youth and the Church, spiritual ties with compatriots" // Russian Bulletin. June 22, 2007: http://www.rv.ru/content.php3?id=6980.

In both cases, one of the important goals set by the internal and external initiators of destructive processes was to break the geopolitical code of the state as a historically established system of political relations with the outside world, providing a certain state status at the global, regional and local levels. The geopolitical code of the state in general includes national interests and values, the accepted scale for identifying dangers, risks, challenges and threats, and possible ways to neutralize them. The geopolitical code contains answers to key questions: who are the allies and opponents of the state, how to keep current allies and attract potential ones, how to counter current adversaries and prevent the emergence of potential ones, and, most importantly, how to explain the choice made to the citizens of the country and the international community?

Field of struggle - information space

If in the previous strategies of influencing the geopolitical code, the factors of non-forced forms of struggle played a subordinate role, now the strategies of action in the global information space saturated with social networks uncontrolled by the authorities have come to the fore. That is why in the design of the model of controlled chaos, its creators assigned an important place to the system of monitoring the situation and, above all, the mood of society in the interests of subsequent influence and manipulation. It is characteristic that if at the beginning of the century the speed of information passage was relatively low, then in modern conditions it has become possible to control in real time, which significantly increases the dynamics and synergy of ongoing activities.

The essence of the ongoing activities is to create conditions for the hidden management of the cultural and ideological sphere in order to transform the mental field of the population of the target country by reorienting, weakening, and then destroying the traditional spiritual and cultural values of the people.

Thus, mechanisms are formed to control the behavior of large masses of people, whose consciousness, due to the purposeful use of existing network resources (the Internet, television, cinema, literature, the potential of some educational programs, informal organizations and religious sects), gradually loses sensitivity to the impact and at the same time is saturated with the necessary ideas. and values. Anesthesia of consciousness in combination with information intrusion is carried out to the accompaniment of statements about the allegedly purely voluntary acceptance by the population of a new cognitive model - the image of the desired picture of the world, formed by the population of the target state on the basis of dictated and inspired ideas. These ideas themselves are designed to demonstrate to a person the advantages of a supposedly more civilized and highly developed West in comparison with the backward and long-lost values and interests that form the basis of the ideological sphere of society in his own country.

My tongue is my friend

With regard to Russia and its partners in the CIS, for many years one of the priority goals of sowers of controlled chaos in the cultural and ideological sphere has been the Russian language. Back in 1948, US Secretary of State Allen Dulles said: “To destroy the USSR, you don’t need an atomic bomb, you just need to convince its peoples that they can do without knowing the Russian language. Economic, cultural and other ties will be disrupted. The state will cease to exist." The USSR no longer exists, but multinational Russia remains, the CIS remains, and they face the same fate if urgent measures are not taken to ensure the linguistic security of the Russian language as a national, international and world language.

Intercultural dialogue for many centuries has been practically embodied in the cultural and linguistic interaction of the peoples of Russia, which ultimately allows us to talk today about the formation of the foundation of an all-Russian culture, cemented by the national Russian language. The binding role of the Russian language determined the logic of the processes that each time led to the restoration of the Russian state in a new political reality based on well-known economic, political and sociocultural factors. That is why the Russian language, literature, national history have been and remain priority objects of influence on the part of forces seeking to split Russia and the CIS.

With regard to our partners and allies, in the complex of social aspects of linguistic security, a serious threat is posed by the tendency in some CIS countries to oust the Russian language from the spheres of communication, from education. This is due to the fact that giving the Russian language the status of a state language destroys the plans of the authors of the "orange technologies" and the national power elites to build a state with a significant, and often predominant, anti-Russian component in politics.

Therefore, a paradoxical picture is emerging, when today in most CIS countries the Russian language is widespread, but at the same time it is often forced out in the course of state policy, primarily education policy. It is in this budgetary sphere that the real course of the state is manifested. For example, the fact that in Ukraine entrance exams to universities are accepted only in Ukrainian, that the number of Russian schools is decreasing, is a consequence of state policy. And a similar situation or even worse - in other CIS countries.

This is what the status of the Russian language looks like in the CIS countries. Belarus - the status of the state, Kyrgyzstan - the status of the official. This is a solid legal basis for the use and protection of the Russian language in these two republics.

In all other republics of the CIS, the status of the Russian language is rather shaky. in Ukraine, the state language is Ukrainian. The Russian language has no state or official status. Since 2012, it has been recognized as a regional language in the southeastern regions of the country and in Sevastopol, and has a number of official functions in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. There has been a discussion in the country for many years about giving the Russian language the status of a second state or official language. There are no results yet.
In the educational institutions of Latvia there are still small islands where they speak Russian. Photo from www.baltialv.lv

In the educational institutions of Latvia there are still small islands where they speak Russian. Photo from www.baltialv.lv

In Kazakhstan, the state language is Kazakh. Legislatively, the Russian language can "officially be used on a par with Kazakh in state organizations and self-government bodies." Moldova - after the adoption of the law on the language and the Romanianization of the Moldovan language, the Russian language lost its state status, but retained the status of the language of interethnic communication. Tajikistan: the state language is Tajik, Russian is the language of interethnic communication. Armenia and Uzbekistan: the language of a national minority. Azerbaijan: the status is not regulated by law.

Thus, only in Belarus Russian is the state language along with Belarusian, and in Kyrgyzstan it is official along with Kyrgyz. With regard to other republics, we are talking about the tendency to oust the Russian language, which has the most destructive effect on the social and communicative aspects of the life of citizens of Russia and the CIS.

In Georgia, where Russian is currently the second most widely spoken language after Georgian, a massive program has been launched since September 2010 to recruit English-speaking volunteer language teachers. It is planned to bring the total number of such enthusiasts to 10 thousand and with their help to find a worthy alternative to the Russian language.

Russian Culture Code

For the national subjects of the Russian Federation, attempts to oust the Russian language from internal political, economic and cultural life and switch mainly to the language of the titular nation carry the danger of isolationism and weaken the sovereign role of the federal government.

The large population, the still high educational and cultural level of the peoples of the Russian Federation, the age-old traditions of their coexistence, and the existence of a single linguistic and cultural space contribute to strengthening linguistic security.

Among the factors that have a destructive focus are: a decrease in the population, a serious disproportion in its distribution throughout the country, a significant number of the Russian population living outside Russia, the presence of tendencies to reduce the educational level of the population, the increasing negative impact on the culture of both external and and internal forces, illegal migration, the preservation of hotbeds of interethnic conflicts, the emergence of a large number of pseudo-religious sects, the growth of religious extremism and xenophobia. There is as yet no unified textbook on the Russian language, literature and history for Russian schools. Separately, it is worth mentioning the emerging decline in interest in the study of Russian as a foreign language in a number of European countries.

The preservation of the cultural and civilizational code based on the Russian language in Russia during the years of the greatest trials made it possible to ensure the unity of the country. In this context, the very real threat to the integrity of Russia and the CIS is obvious, coming from the political technologies of controlled chaos, as a result of which values, including cultural and linguistic ones, are eroded, the state is declared ineffective, internal conflicts are provoked, and elites are purposefully transformed.

An effective way to counteract such attempts is the formation in each of the CIS countries of a nationally oriented leading stratum of society, a national elite that considers the development of cooperation with Russia a priority. It is extremely important that there are significant groups of people who speak Russian among the national elites of the CIS countries. From this point of view, it is important to convey to every member of the national elite that the Russian language is, of course, necessary for the realization of the individual as a person, both in his own country and abroad. It is also important to understand that doing business with neighbors in the CIS is impossible without knowledge of the Russian language. The Russian language is also necessary for numerous labor migrants. At the same time, the study of the languages of their neighbors by the Russian national elite should be encouraged.

In this regard, the need for broad support in the CIS countries for the strategy of bilingual education, that is, teaching people to speak at least two languages, including Russian, is obvious. Bilingual education strategies have long been successfully implemented in many European countries.

This approach has also taken root in our country, where, in connection with the adoption of laws on language in the national republics - subjects of the Russian Federation, state bilingualism has been formed, which is characterized by the coexistence of the Russian language as the state language throughout Russia and the languages of the titular peoples - subjects of the Russian Federation. It is this kind of state bilingualism based on a solid legal basis that is an important guarantee of both linguistic and, in a broader sense, national security of Russia.

Globalization at the level of consciousness

The subject of a separate consideration is the negative impact on the linguistic security of world globalization processes with their characteristic tendency to establish uniform standards of behavior in the economic, political, informational and cultural spheres. Especially dangerous is foreign linguistic expansion, which has the most destructive effect on the social and communicative aspects of the life of Russian citizens. Closely related to this problem is the emerging unipolar orientation of society towards one of the world languages, which is positioned by the West as the only and indispensable means of global communication. This negative trend can be resisted, among other things, by establishing the Russian language as the main working language in the framework of communication exchanges in the Customs Union, the Common Economic Space, and the Eurasian Union.

External deformations of the Russian language today are especially noticeable in the field of information technology. The Russian language used in the mass media (the Internet and related computer literature, equipment and instructions for using mobile communications, the video production market) is extremely clogged with English words. In many cases, these words carry a higher semantic load than the words of the Russian language, that is, the Russian language in such texts is clearly assigned an auxiliary role. Despite the legislative acts adopted in our country, designed to limit such expansion, the practical results of their implementation are still insignificant.

It must be admitted that the mentioned process of clogging the Russian language with English words is largely objective. About 70% of all World Wide Web sites are located in the United States, while 96% of all commercial sites are in English. We did not have the first personal computers, the Internet and mobile phones. Hence the dominance of foreign words in the areas associated with these and many other innovations, which today determine technical progress. The way out is obvious - to develop domestic culture, education and science, high-tech industries and offer our own conceptual apparatus (recall how naturally the Russian word "satellite" once entered the international lexicon).

Another danger is the clogging of the Russian language with profanity, concepts borrowed from criminal jargon. This process is also taking place with the participation of some domestic officials, business people who, without being embarrassed, and sometimes not realizing themselves due to the frequent use of such words in everyday communication, use slang expressions in speeches in front of television cameras. There are, however, positive signals from the front of the struggle for the purity of the language. As one of the leaders of the Federal Penitentiary Service recently stated, employees in correctional institutions should talk to convicts in Russian, and not “by hair dryer”. A good example of moving in the right direction.

Countering threats and challenges

What measures can be taken to counter threats and challenges in the field of linguistic security?

Apparently, it is necessary to start with the improvement of the regulatory framework. There is a need to develop the Concept of Linguistic Security of the Russian Federation, which should be an effective tool for protecting the national and living national (regional) languages of the peoples of our country, protecting the rights of the Russian-speaking population abroad in the linguistic sphere, and strengthening the CIS.

There is a need for a single textbook on the Russian language, literature and national history for Russian schools.

It is necessary to outline ways to implement a balanced national and language policy of Russia in interstate relations with the CIS countries, in particular in the direction of finding optimal solutions in the field of protecting the linguistic and cultural rights of compatriots - Russian-speaking diasporas, which often make up a significant part of the population of these states. This is especially true for Ukraine, as well as the Baltic countries.

An important task is to spread the Russian language as a means of international communication. This can be achieved, in particular, by increasing the number of foreign students in Russian universities in order to increase the share of our country in training future leaders and specialists for the countries of Asia, Africa, the Middle East and Latin America. Along with the solution of a complex of political and economic tasks that are most important for Russia, such an approach will objectively contribute to strengthening the position of the Russian language in the world. There is a need to develop a unified standard for learning Russian as a foreign language.

This far from complete list of measures requires serious work - from ensuring the safety of foreign students to developing programs, improving the qualifications of teachers, creating branches in various areas, and solving many other issues to create an attractive image of Russian universities, increase the prestige and status of Russian education, including military education.

Purposeful activity in this area, combined with further steps to strengthen the sovereignty of the Russian Federation, will help prevent its isolation, ensure integration into the world community, and ensure Russia's national security in the context of globalization.

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

Hosted at http://www.allbest.ru/

1. Linguistic security of the country

linguistic security Russian consciousness

In Crimea, they speak and write in Russian.

With all the differences in the features of the domestic and international situation, political forces and the scenarios themselves, according to which the events developed in 1917 that led to the collapse of the Russian Empire, and in the early 90s of the last century to the collapse of the USSR, there is something that unites these large-scale geopolitical catastrophes. It seems that in both cases, one of the important goals set by the internal and external initiators of the destructive processes was the destruction of the geopolitical code of the state as a historically established system of political relations with the outside world, providing a certain state status at the global, regional and local levels. The geopolitical code of the state in general includes national interests and values, the accepted scale for identifying dangers, risks, challenges and threats, and possible ways to neutralize them. According to political scientist Igor Okunev, the geopolitical code contains answers to key questions: who are the allies and opponents of the state, how to keep current allies and attract potential ones, how to counter current adversaries and prevent the emergence of potential ones, and, most importantly, how to explain the choice made to the citizens of the country and the international community ?

The stability of the geopolitical code is achieved by ensuring all types of security: international, national, state, political, military, economic, spiritual, informational.

In the mentioned historical events, the forces interested in decisively breaking the established order of things, as tools for achieving their goals, relied on intensifying the exploitation of criticality and creating an environment of controlled chaos in the Russian Empire and the USSR in the administrative-state, socio-economic, cultural and ideological spheres of governance. collective activity of people. Each of these areas has its own rather branched specifics, therefore, within the framework of this article, it is supposed to consider only a part of the issues related to the problems of using linguo-psychological methods of informational influence on individual and mass consciousness.

Field of struggle - information space

Within the framework of the existing algorithms of information and network warfare, the model of controlled chaos is aimed at ensuring control over multi-vector and not always conscious motivations and, in general, the behavior of a wide range of participants in social processes. The use of information and network impact technologies provides the necessary coverage from the local to the global scale. The essence of the ongoing activities is to create conditions for the hidden management of the cultural and ideological sphere in order to transform the mental field of the population of the target country by reorienting, weakening, and then destroying the traditional spiritual and cultural values of the people.

Within the framework of such a strategy, the cognitive model carries out a targeted impact of a system of propaganda, psychological, informational and other events coordinated in terms of goals, place and time, both on the consciousness of an individual and on “sensitive points” (decision-making centers) of administrative-state (political) management. , including the sphere of ensuring all types of security, socio-economic, cultural and ideological spheres.

My tongue is my friend

According to the academician of the Russian Academy of Education (RAE) Irina Khaleeva, the problem of ensuring linguistic security is based on the study of aspects of the "collective unconscious", which forms the mentality of the individual, as well as some community - cultural, historical, social, ethnic. At the same time, the Russian mentality, devoid of ethnic coloring to the maximum extent, formed over the centuries as a result of the interaction of many ethnic mentalities, includes all the positive experience of such interaction in political, social and personal aspects.

In this context, ensuring the linguistic security of the Russian language as a language of interethnic communication is largely due to the fact that in geopolitical terms, Russia, as a great Eurasian power, is called upon, along with other functions, to solve the problem of maintaining a dialogue between the civilizations of the West and the East. Such an intercultural dialogue for many centuries has been practically embodied in the cultural and linguistic interaction of the peoples of Russia, which ultimately allows us to talk today about the formation of the foundation of an all-Russian culture, cemented by the all-state Russian language. The binding role of the Russian language determined the logic of the processes that each time led to the restoration of the Russian state in a new political reality based on well-known economic, political and sociocultural factors. That is why the Russian language, literature, national history have been and remain priority objects of influence on the part of forces seeking to split Russia and the CIS.

In all other republics of the CIS, the status of the Russian language is rather shaky. In Ukraine, the state language is Ukrainian. The Russian language has no state or official status. Since 2012, it has been recognized as a regional language in the southeastern regions of the country and in Sevastopol, and has a number of official functions in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. There has been a discussion in the country for many years about giving the Russian language the status of a second state or official language. There are no results yet.

In the educational institutions of Latvia there are still small islands where they speak Russian. Photo from www.baltialv.lv

Russian culture code

In his article “Russia: the National Question” published in Nezavisimaya Gazeta, Vladimir Putin raises the issue of preserving the Russian cultural dominant, noting that it is not only ethnic Russians who carry it. “This is the cultural code that has undergone serious tests in recent years, which they have tried and are trying to break. And yet, he certainly survived. At the same time, it must be nourished, strengthened and protected. ("NG" No. 7, 01/23/12). Vladimir Putin noted that education plays a huge role here. And first of all, we should talk about increasing the role of such subjects as the Russian language, Russian literature, Russian history in the educational process - naturally, in the context of the entire wealth of national traditions and cultures. What is the influence of the components of the geopolitical code on solving the problems of ensuring the linguistic security of the Russian language at the present stage? It seems that, in relation to Russia, groups of constructive and destructive factors influence the sphere of ensuring linguistic security.

Globalization at the level of consciousness

Here it is appropriate to cite the idea expressed by Alexander Solzhenitsyn in one of his interviews. To the question whether the Russian language and Russian literature are dying - in the sense that they will never reach, much less surpass, the samples (not even the peaks) of the 19th and 20th centuries, Solzhenitsyn replied: “Despite the current reckless clogging of the Russian language with frivolous jargon and an influx of Anglo-American vocabulary (I mean not the natural use of technical terminology, but fashionable, comically important interceptions) - I firmly believe that the Russian language will not shake and will not let itself be irretrievably clogged - as long as there is at least a remnant of the Russian people on Earth . The same applies to Russian literature. Despite the abundant littering, it retains a clear and conscientious basis and will also give us samples that support our spirit and consciousness.

Countering threats and challenges

What measures can be taken to counter threats and challenges in the field of linguistic security?

There is a need for a single textbook on the Russian language, literature and national history for Russian schools.

Counteract the influence of certain international forces on the political elite of the CIS member states and attempts to organize orange revolutions there. To form international coalitions "of interest", for example, from among the states of the Caspian region, interested in the joint development of opportunities that open up there.

2. Russian language and security

In modern conditions, the prospects for the development of society directly depend on the ability of the state to maintain and protect the national system of values. Politics, economy, defense, ethnic, cultural, linguistic and other components of the security of the Russian Federation are more than ever in the past determined by the state of mind, moods, value orientations, the state of consciousness of citizens and the people as a whole.

For the self-determination of a nation, the real goals of the country are very important, for the achievement of which, in turn, an intellectual and strong-willed resource is needed, as well as a certain level of organization of consciousness in order to perceive and realize these goals, this promising plan.

The national security of Russia is damaged if self-identification, self-determination of a person as a resident of Russia or Russian is difficult, if education does not form new ways of responding to the processes taking place in the technological infrastructure and public consciousness, if there are conditions in the structure of education that distort or destroy the consciousness and self-consciousness of a person if education is incorrectly built into the structure of society and its economic complex, etc.

The convergence of issues of education and security implies a strategic view of the role of education in the development of Russian society. In the context of the deployment of information wars and information-psychological aggression, the strategic role of education in terms of protecting consciousness is determined by the fact that there is no other specialized, organizational and technological reality comparable in power to the mass media, capable of creating in individual and public consciousness deep mechanisms of self-determination and information - cultural immunity.

The impact of education on the security of the country is determined by the extent to which it reduces or increases the level of intellectual and volitional potential of the population in comparison with other countries. How does it ensure that the rising generation masters high technologies? To what extent does education orient young people to the key challenges they will face in this century? Does education create a “deep patriotism” built into the consciousness by the architectonics of the native language, or does it educate a potential emigrant who, if not going to Canada himself, will orient his children to a similar life perspective? How should the concepts and programs of national schools (Russian, Tatar, Jewish, etc.) correlate with regional programs for the development of education and the idea of a unified Russian education system? What status should the Russian language have? To what extent does education destroy or strengthen the cultural immunity of citizens, making them susceptible or immune to information and psychological impact?

On the other hand, what are the conditions for the formation on the basis of education of Russian citizens with an open, healthy, and not an isolated, chauvinistically sick type of consciousness? Here it is generally appropriate to raise the question of the impact of education on changing the mentality of the country's population.

To what extent does secondary and higher vocational education ensure the inclusion of the young generation in the modern economic life of the country, in productive forms of highly effective, highly paid labor, or does education, divorced from the realities of the emerging market economy, create conditions for the criminalization of youth? The issue of Russia's educational policy towards our compatriots living in the near abroad is extremely important for the country's security. Will they be driven into the cultural underground or will they get the opportunity to develop and master the Russian multinational culture? the general climate of relations and the level of mutual understanding between Russia and the CIS states depend on this.

Education, in addition to solving its own internal, enormously important task of forming the intellect and will of the nation, is directly related to the processes of state building, the country's defense capability and reforms in the army, national security, the harmonization of national relations in a single Russian space, the health of Russians, economic transformations and industrial development , breakthrough projects of the XXI century. On the basis of a properly built education policy, a completely different turn of economic reforms is possible, when educated people are not cut off from transformations, but, on the contrary, act as active builders of a new emerging market economy.

In order to ensure the national interests of Russia in the context of global information and psychological confrontation, Russia should begin to develop and implement a number of systemic humanitarian projects aimed at “soft” reflection of information and psychological aggression (which we observed in the Western media in connection with Georgia’s aggression in South Ossetia). ) and educating the population, especially young people, of the ability to resist humanitarian interventions (interventions) of all types.

The state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of protecting individual and public consciousness should ensure that every citizen of Russia develops an awareness of statehood and himself in statehood, the ability to build, restore and preserve Russia as a world power.

One of the priority activities of the state in ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation is the protection of the national education system as a global technology for the reproduction of traditional consciousness, which is designed to ensure the proper level of resistance of the country's population to information and psychological impact.

In this context, a completely new role of the school and pedagogy is highlighted. Of particular, fateful significance is the informatization of the school, which (as long as it is understood technically and technologically, and not humanitarianly and ideologically) is nothing but a Trojan horse, diligently and voluntarily dragged by us into our own classes. What will we reap from these abundant information crops?

The information-psychological impact on the consciousness of a person and the people as a whole is carried out mainly through the language environment and through the language. Modification of a specific people through the creation of "supporting psychosemantic structures" in the individual and public consciousness greatly simplifies the process of re-identification of the population. The purposeful introduction of borrowings into consciousness leads to the gradual displacement of traditional verbal norms and the weakening of information and cultural immunity.

When this process is controlled by an information aggressor, this leads to short-term and long-term changes in the state of the information environment and consciousness that meet the requirements of the enemy, which inevitably affects the processes of cultural and national identification.

Language as one of the basic aspects of national identity in the context of constant information confrontation, just like education, is the target of information and psychological aggression. Active protection of the language environment is the most important aspect of the national security of the Russian Federation.

The author of Literaturnaya Gazeta, Yu.V. Krupnov, believes that the uniqueness of this type of security is determined by its special subject, held by the correct Russian language. This item? national or folk identity, i.e. the very ability of the people to correctly perceive and continue their history, to preserve and protect their own identity and self-activity, to prevent literal re-recruitment (that is, enthusiasm for other people's words), the transformation of their linguistic generic or genetic code. This item? identity? It is also extremely important because behind it is the ability to control consciousness and either help or destroy the national consciousness and self-consciousness. It is not superfluous to recall that abroad all the developments around language policy and identity are deeply classified, they disappeared from the open press in 1993-1994. Was it the same in the late 1930s? early 1940s, when developments in atomic energy disappeared from the open press.

Language is a fairly stable system, but under the influence of unfavorable socio-economic factors and targeted manipulations, a kind of “fatigue” can accumulate in it, characterized by a decrease in cultural immunity, resistance to “information viruses” of various origins. The ability of "information viruses" to self-develop, multiply, to infect social systems, individual and public consciousness is the mechanism by which the identity of the nation is destroyed.

It is quite obvious to us that the "immune system" of our socio-cultural organization is far from being in the best shape. One of the signs of this trouble is a sharp decline in the value-motivational rating of the Russian language among other basic values of life. The simplest indicator of this circumstance is the amount of financial resources directed by the parent corps to pay for tutoring services in various academic subjects. The preponderance that English has over Russian is simply appalling. Parents associate their children's success in life with their knowledge of English and make any effort about the Russian language only because of entrance exams to universities.

At the same time, it would be wrong to understand language solely as a suffering and passive object. In the system of language itself there is a mechanism of self-preservation, self-defense and self-development. Moreover, the phenomenon of language is unique and invaluable in its nation-forming ability. History knows the facts when military victors, who conquered tribes and states with fire and sword, lost their language, which was dissolved in the language of the conquered peoples, and ultimately suffered a cultural defeat. Now, when “before the eyes of one generation it was possible to blow up and possibly break Russia” (S.G. Kara-Murza), when the loss of “common sense” by the national consciousness is obvious to everyone, we must turn to the Russian language as a tool for improving ourselves . The whole question is in understanding the triggers of this self-healing. But one must understand that the self-protective resource of a language is not infinite, that it is capable of being eroded and destroyed, that it is connected by blood ties with other spheres of life of peoples and countries: political, economic, religious, general cultural.

The need to protect the language periodically emerges in the public mind. Another wave of "protection" has unfolded in the last six months in the press and in the State Duma. In official documents, the question really boils down to protection, guarding, shielding the language from influence, maintaining “purity,” and so on.

Apparently, the focus of the “defenders” on the forms of language and on various kinds of conservation technologies is due to the fact that this issue is at the mercy of linguists, although psychological wars and methods of their conduct, the laws of cultivating a worldview, training and education? the subject of completely different spheres, professions and specializations. Historical lessons have shown the inconsistency of limiting the impact of various kinds on consciousness and culture, the strategic inefficiency of any kind of censorship, filters, "curtains", etc. The introduction of "linguistic censorship" in a spontaneously developing culture contradicts the very idea of cultural self-development, so this approach should certainly be left in the past. However, it does not follow from this that we are left to passively contemplate what is happening, especially since our information opponents are not sitting idly by.

An example of a global operation to re-identify the population, which was carried out through language due to prohibitive practices, can be considered the introduction into the cultural space of the USSR in 1960? 1970s English-language music, when, due to censorship and the lack of domestic music of similar styles and trends, the ground was prepared for the expansion of the English language not in pragmatic, but in worldview, value terms.

Education and the sphere of culture in this sense had to act ahead of the pace of global trends, but on their own historical, cultural and linguistic grounds. In this regard, the example of the Tatar language in Naberezhnye Chelny is indicative. The effectiveness of the efforts for the rehabilitation and development of the Tatar language, undertaken by the Republic of Tatarstan at the cost of huge organizational and financial costs, is simply ridiculous compared to the effect of popularity that was created for the language by a single singer who sang songs in the Tatar language, but in such a musical style, which is close to modern youth. Even the Russian guys, leaving the city and the republic for distant lands, took with them records in the Tatar language.

Of course, there is a list of problems that can be resolved at the legislative level in a prohibitive or restrictive regime. This concerns the reduction of unjustified borrowings of foreign words, limiting the volume of music and song broadcasting in foreign languages, observing the rights of consumers when printing product labels and instructions, etc. In any case, the list of such restrictions is very narrow. It must remain within the generally accepted limits of world practice. France, which is experiencing problems similar to ours, can be a reference point here, and even has a ministry (!) of the French language. It was the French who were the first to acutely feel the problem of language security in the mid-1960s. and transferred this problem to the academic and legislative plane, strictly defining the boundaries of the change in the French language and speech standards.

Other countries have thrown their main forces into cultural policy and advanced targeted funding of their own language education and national literature. Such measures are less conspicuous, but more effective in the long run.

Problems arise precisely when the list of "limitations" is unnecessarily expanded. Even the banal works: the forbidden fruit is sweet, not to mention the subtle technologies of targeted impact, such as the Soros Foundation, which is carrying out a global management operation to shift the meanings of education policy.

Through the in-line production of educational literature, the provision of grants for educational and methodological developments of a certain modality and focus, an “information virus” is actively introduced into the teacher and school environment, accustoming to interpret education as a service sector, as a sphere of individual self-realization, as a means of “democratization” of our “totalitarian” society. Everything would be fine if such a transformation did not obscure, displace the function of education, already driven underground, as a means of designing prospects for statehood, as a mechanism for cultivating industrial and technological “growth zones” and “breakthrough points”, as a tool for cultivating and developing national self-consciousness.

An alternative to "restrictive strategies" could be the existence of a nationwide system of cultural and linguistic expertise, which makes all types of informational aggression directed at the language system, individual and public consciousness, visible and obvious to the population.

In order to actively counter aggression directed against the state language of the Russian Federation or acting through the language, a special state structure can be created to carry out systematic legislative and information work aimed at protecting and promoting the Russian language in the world community. The super-task of such activity, which provides preventive protection against aggressive influences, is the deployment of the program "Russian as a World Language".

Regardless of the comprador grins about the futility of this kind of work, it must be carried out systematically, if only for the sake of tens of millions of Russian-speaking people living outside of Russia. It must be carried out at least for the sake of our own geopolitical interests in the Slavic world, where we are losing not so much economically as we are losing in the cultural and linguistic spheres. It must also be carried out because a similar program is being implemented, for example, by Malaysia, in which a special committee “Malaysian as a World Language” operates under the President...

In the context of information and psychological wars unfolding in the sphere of values, language, educational systems, much more global and destructive than all our "local conflicts" taken together, information, psychological and other humanitarian means are more promising than the most sophisticated notions of a straightforward, " assault thinking”, which today determines the strategies and technologies of national security.

Neither the doctrine of "information security", nor the "doctrine of education", nor the prohibitive and restrictive measures planned by various "language" and "spelling" commissions, with any intensity of their efforts, unfortunately, do not carry a systemic solution that could provide real protection of the language, individual and social consciousness. Protection at least at such a level as to stop the trend of turning into a "country of emigrants in reverse." Talk that the systemic causes of the “brain drain” and “golden hands” from the country have economic roots is to the benefit of our ideological and geopolitical opponents. Like, the fish is looking for where it's deeper... An easily assimilated axiom that smokes dully the essence of the matter, masking the processes of purposeful re-identification of the Russian peoples.

The falsity of the economic background of the marginal emigrant mentality of our man is illustrated by the following fact. Strange as it may seem, it is the Russian population that is most susceptible to the “tumbleweed” trend. Residents of a Tatar, Bashkir or Avar village to leave "over the hill" comes to mind much less often. This fact requires its own special consideration, as well as the fact that in Siberia, for example, between the Russian and Tatar villages there is a striking difference not in favor of the Russian. This difference is manifested in how well-groomed the courtyards are, how the fence and shutters are painted. If in Tatarstan this difference can be explained by an administrative and political nature, then the situation in other regions suggests a historical, cultural, ethno-psychological one? exclusively humanitarian, value, culturological? search direction.

The reason for the dominance of the “protective-defensive” ideology in the sphere of “protection of consciousness” may lie in the personnel structure of the structures dealing with the problems of the security of consciousness (information-psychological security, etc.). The vast majority of professionals involved? military technicians and production workers from the defense sector, for whom psychology, pedagogy, psychophysiology? it is bird language. Specialists with a technical way of thinking, accustomed to the mathematically rigorous justification of any argument, already by virtue of a high, but flux-like culture of thinking, cannot respect pedagogy, which has survived until the 21st century, but has not managed to determine its subject. After all, no one has yet put an end to the discussion about whether pedagogy is a science or an art. Despite the arrogance of the “rigorous” sciences in relation to pedagogy, it is precisely it that is called upon to solve its specific tasks, including the problems of cultural immunity, love for the Russian language, and motivation for learning in general.

The trouble is that even those who specialize in issues of education and upbringing, in particular administrative and scientific workers of the education system, miss the most important, in our opinion, key component of the “language security” of the country and people. This is a question about the attitude towards the language, literally about the love for the language, about the ability to enjoy the language, to savor the smart, accurate and beautiful word. This ability can rightfully be considered the “main language ability”. Regardless of whether the education system understands this or not, it is precisely in its depths, at school, that such a state of affairs has developed that the cultural and genetic ability for self-development in the language of the vast majority of the Russian people is being killed. Loss of spirit? this is what grammatical shagistics and literary anatomy result in.

Question about Russian? This, of course, is not a narrow academic, but a general cultural question. Native language? this is what surrounds a person every day from the moment of his birth. This is the closest cultural environment of its development. And therefore the question of the strategic rehabilitation of the Russian language? this is by no means a question of educational standards and textbooks of the Russian language. Whatever the textbooks and educational technologies of language learning, the formation of a language takes place primarily not at school, but in the natural environment of language culture that surrounds us every day and which forms our linguistic instinct, supports our sense of language, our linguistic national dignity. However, it does not follow from this that textbooks have the right to be poor in terms of language, that the Russian language lesson has the right to be boring and tedious, and the school can put up with the fact that children do not like Russian lessons.

And after all, the most terrible thing is that a philologist, having taken up the problem of teaching a language, takes for granted what language? very difficult, often boring. And the methodologist may not think so, but to increase the attractiveness of the Russian lesson, he cannot think of anything other than hanging bells on verbs, or tying bows on cases, or conjugating with a stomp and inclining with a catch. It is as if this universal depth, this unearthly beauty, this brightest expressiveness in the Russian language does not exist, in order to arouse in the student an immense interest in the native word, in the language by the subject itself.

Therefore, the most important task that needs to be urgently addressed, ? it is the formation of motivational technologies that can ensure the satisfaction of all these needs. If we try to express in a nutshell the main meaning of the forthcoming work, then it comes down to changing the paradigm of school language education to the paradigm of love for the language.

All these grammatical and literary "squats" take 95% of the study time, plus similar employment at home. It follows from this that in the lessons of the Russian language and literature there is nothing for the soul, for the heart, there is no productive life in the language that educates, but rather? gives rise to linguistic personality. What can be expected at the output? Exactly what we have: earlier in the Parisian toilets there were inscriptions in Russian, and now in native entrances and elevators more and more in English. But seriously?..

Quite seriously it is time to say that the process of re-identification of the population has reached alarming proportions. Our pupils do not have cultural immunity, they are susceptible to information and psychological impact; language? deep, a priori? patriotism, which did not raise doubts about its existence thirty years ago, is now characteristic only of residents of the CIS countries, where the linguistic sense is exacerbated by deprivation and discrimination. A simple test for the validity of this statement? the number of native songs that young people know by heart and can sing in comparison with grandmothers and mothers. What follows from this is what is planned for Russia: if the population of our country is not reduced to 30–40 million for demographic reasons, it will decrease for identification reasons. And this cannot be allowed!

Hosted on Allbest.ru

How do I understand the concept of language security. Russian language in the context of national security. Russian Culture Code

transcript

Other works on this topic:

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Similar Documents