CNC milling machine at home (garage) conditions. Do-it-yourself CNC milling machines for wood DIY CNC milling for wood

When choosing electronic components for your do-it-yourself machine, it is important to pay attention to their quality, since the accuracy of the technological operations that will be performed on it will depend on this. After installing and connecting all the electronic components of the CNC system, you need to download the necessary software and drivers. Only after that, a test run of the machine follows, checking the correct operation of the machine under the control of downloaded programs, identifying shortcomings and promptly eliminating them.

All of the above actions and the listed components are suitable for making a milling machine with your own hands, not only for a coordinate boring group, but also for a number of other types. On such equipment, it is possible to process parts with a complex configuration, since the working body of the machine can move in three planes: 3d.

Your desire to assemble such a CNC-controlled machine with your own hands must be supported by the presence of certain skills and detailed drawings. It is also highly desirable to watch a number of thematic training videos, some of which are presented in this article.

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Many craftsmen often think about building a homemade CNC machine. It has a number of advantages and will allow you to solve a large number of tasks more efficiently and quickly.

Carry out milling and cutting of almost all materials. In this regard, the temptation to manufacture such a device is quite large. Maybe it's time to take matters into your own hands and replenish your workshop with new equipment?

Machine tools with numerical control are widely used not only in industrial production, but also in private workshops. They allow flat and profile processing of metal, plastic and wood.

In addition, they are indispensable when performing engraving and drilling and welding work.

Almost any task solved with the use of such devices is performed at a high level.

If you need to draw something on a board or a wooden plate, it is enough to create a layout in a computer program and transfer it to the product using CNC Milling. It is simply impossible to perform such an operation manually in most cases, especially when it comes to high accuracy.

All professional equipment of this type is characterized by a high level of automation and ease of operation. Only basic skills in specialized computer programs are needed to solve simple material processing tasks.

At the same time, even CNC cope with their goals. With proper tuning and the use of high-quality nodes, you can achieve good accuracy from the device, minimal backlash and acceptable speed.

DIY CNC machine

Functional diagram of a CNC machine.

So, how to make this device? To make a CNC machine with your own hands, you need to spend time developing a project, as well as familiarize yourself with existing factory models. By following these first and simplest rules, you will be able to avoid the most common mistakes.

It should be noted that the CNC milling machine is a technically complex device with electronic elements. Because of this, many people believe that it is impossible to make it by hand.

Of course, this opinion is wrong. However, it must be borne in mind that the assembly will require not only a drawing, but also a certain set of tools and parts. For example, you will need a stepper motor, which can be taken from a printer, etc.

It should also take into account the need for certain financial and time costs. If such problems are not terrible, then it will not be difficult to make an affordable and efficient unit with coordinate positioning of the cutting tool for processing metal or wood.

Scheme

The most difficult stage of CNC for metal and wood is the choice of the optimal equipment scheme. Here everything is determined by the size of the workpiece and the degree of its processing.

For domestic purposes, it is better to give preference to a drawing of a small device with the necessary set of functions.

One option could be a design consisting of two carriages that will move in a plane. Steel sanding bars are great as a base. Carriages are attached to them.

You will also need a stepper motor and screws with rolling bearings to provide a transmission. The CNC router will be controlled by the program.

Training

To automate a homemade CNC milling machine, it is necessary to think through the electronic part as much as possible.

Drawing of a homemade machine.

It can be divided into several elements:

• power supply unit that supplies electricity to the stepper motor and controller;
• controller;
• driver that regulates the operation of the moving parts of the structure.

Then, to build the machine itself, you need to pick up assembly parts. It is best to use improvised materials. This will help keep the costs of the tools you need as low as possible.

The base is usually made of wood, plexiglass or metal. It is important that during the movement of the calipers there are no vibrations. They will lead to inaccurate operation of the device. In this regard, it is necessary to properly develop their design.

Here are some tips for choosing parts:

• rods with a diameter of up to 12 mm are suitable as guides;
• the best option for a caliper would be textolite;
• SD is usually taken from printers;
• the block for fixing the cutter is also made of textolite.

Assembly instructions

After preparing and selecting the parts, you can begin to assemble the milling unit for processing wood and metal.

First of all, you should once again check all the components and make sure that their dimensions are correct.

Scheme of the CNC device.

The assembly order is approximately as follows:

• installation of caliper guides, their fastening to the side surfaces of the structure;
• lapping the calipers as a result of their movement until a smooth ride can be achieved;
• bolt tightening;
• installation of components on the basis of the device;
• fastening lead screws with couplings;
• fastening to the screws of the couplings of stepper motors.

The entire electronic component should be placed in a separate unit. Thus, the possibility of failure during operation will be minimized. Such an option for placing electronics can be called the best design.

Features of work

After the CNC has been assembled with your own hands, you can start testing.

The software will control the actions of the machine. It must be chosen correctly. First of all, it is important that the program is working. Secondly, it should maximize all the capabilities of the equipment.

Kinematic diagram of the device operation.

The software must contain all the necessary drivers for the controllers.

You should start with simple programs. During the first runs, it is necessary to monitor each cut of the cutter to make sure that the processing is correct in width and depth. It is especially important to control the three-dimensional versions of such devices.

Outcome

Numerically controlled wood processing devices have various electronics in their design. Because of this, at first glance, it may seem that such equipment is very difficult to manufacture independently.

In fact, do-it-yourself CNC is a feasible task for everyone. It is enough just to believe in yourself and in your strength, and then you can become the owner of a reliable and efficient milling machine, which will become the pride of any master.

The question of how to make a CNC machine can be answered briefly. Knowing that a home-made CNC milling machine, in general, is a complex device with a complex structure, it is desirable for the designer:

• get drawings;
• purchase reliable components and fasteners;
• prepare a good tool;
• have a CNC lathe and drill on hand to quickly produce.

It does not hurt to watch the video - a kind of instruction, teaching - where to start. And I’ll start with preparation, buy everything I need, figure out the drawing - this is the right decision for a novice designer. Therefore, the preparatory stage preceding the assembly is very important.

Works of the preparatory stage

To make a homemade CNC for milling, there are two options:

1. You take a ready-made running set of parts (specially selected units), from which we assemble the equipment ourselves.
2. Find (make) all the components and start assembling the CNC machine with your own hands, which would meet all the requirements.

It is important to decide on the purpose, size and design (how to do without a drawing of a home-made CNC machine), find schemes for its manufacture, purchase or manufacture some of the parts that are needed for this, acquire lead screws.

If a decision is made to create a CNC machine with your own hands and do without ready-made sets of components and mechanisms, fasteners, you need the scheme assembled according to which the machine will work.

Usually, having found a schematic diagram of the device, they first model all the details of the machine, prepare technical drawings, and then use them on turning and milling machines (sometimes it is necessary to use a drilling machine) to make components from plywood or aluminum. Most often, work surfaces (also called a desktop) are plywood with a thickness of 18 mm.

Assembly of some important machine components

In the machine that you started to assemble with your own hands, it is necessary to provide for a number of critical nodes that ensure the vertical movement of the working tool. In this list:

• screw transmission - rotation is transmitted using a toothed belt. It is good because it does not slip on the pulleys, evenly transferring forces to the shaft of the milling equipment;
• if a stepper motor (SM) is used for a mini-machine, it is advisable to take a carriage from a larger printer model - more powerful; old dot matrix printers had fairly powerful electric motors;

• for a three-coordinate device, you need three step motors. Well, if there are 5 control wires in each, the functionality of the mini-machine will increase. It is worth evaluating the magnitude of the parameters: supply voltage, winding resistance and the rotation angle of the stepper motor in one step. To connect each stepper motor, a separate controller is needed;
• with the help of screws, the rotational movement from the stepper motor is converted into a linear one. To achieve high accuracy, many consider it necessary to have ball screws (ball screws), but this component is not cheap. When choosing a set of nuts and mounting screws for mounting blocks, they are chosen with plastic inserts, this reduces friction and eliminates backlash;

• instead of a stepper motor, you can take a conventional electric motor, after a little refinement;
• the vertical axis that moves the tool in 3D, covering the entire XY table. It is made from aluminum plate. It is important that the dimensions of the axis are adjusted to the dimensions of the device. In the presence of a muffle furnace, the axis can be cast according to the dimensions of the drawings.

Below is a drawing made in three projections: side, rear, and top view.

Maximum attention - bed

The necessary rigidity to the machine is provided by the frame. A movable portal, a system of rail guides, a stepper motor, a work surface, a Z axis and a spindle are installed on it.

For example, one of the creators of a self-made CNC machine made the supporting frame from Maytec aluminum profile - two parts (section 40x80 mm) and two end plates 10 mm thick from the same material, connecting the elements with aluminum corners. The design is reinforced, inside the frame a frame is made of smaller profiles in the shape of a square.

The bed is mounted without the use of welded joints (welds are poorly able to withstand vibration loads). It is better to use T-nuts as fasteners. On the end plates, a bearing block is provided for installing the lead screw. You will need a plain bearing and a spindle bearing.

The craftsman determined the main task of the hand-made CNC machine to be the manufacture of aluminum parts. Since workpieces with a maximum thickness of 60 mm were suitable for him, he made a portal clearance of 125 mm (this is the distance from the upper transverse beam to the working surface).

This difficult installation process

It is better to assemble home-made CNC machines, after preparing the components, strictly according to the drawing, so that they work. The assembly process, using lead screws, should be performed in the following sequence:

• a knowledgeable craftsman begins by attaching the first two step motors to the body - behind the vertical axis of the equipment. One is responsible for the horizontal movement of the milling head (rail guides), and the second for movement in the vertical plane;
• a movable gantry moving along the x-axis carries the milling spindle and carriage (z-axis). The higher the portal, the larger the workpiece can be processed. But at a high portal, in the process of processing, resistance to emerging loads decreases;

• front, rear, top, middle and bottom plates are used to fasten Z-axis stepper motors, linear guides. In the same place, make a lodgement for the milling spindle;
• the drive is assembled from carefully selected nuts and studs. To fix the motor shaft and attach it to the stud, use the rubber winding of a thick electric cable. Screws inserted into the nylon sleeve can be used as a retainer.

Then the assembly of the remaining components and assemblies of the homemade begins.

We mount the electronic filling of the machine

To make a CNC machine with your own hands and control it, you need to operate with correctly selected numerical control, high-quality printed circuit boards and electronic components (especially if they are Chinese), which will allow you to realize all the functionality on a CNC machine, processing a part of a complex configuration.

In order to avoid problems in management, home-made CNC machines, among the nodes, have the following mandatory:

• stepper motors, some stopped like Nema;
• LPT port through which the CNC control unit can be connected to the machine;
• drivers for controllers, they are installed on a mini-milling machine, connected in accordance with the diagram;

• switching boards (controllers);
• a 36V power supply unit with a step-down transformer that converts to 5V to power the control circuit;
• laptop or PC;
• emergency stop button.

Only after that, the CNC machines are tested (at the same time, the craftsman will make a test run by downloading all the programs), the existing shortcomings are identified and eliminated.

Instead of a conclusion

As you can see, making a CNC that is not inferior to Chinese models is real. Having made a set of spare parts with the right size, having high-quality bearings and enough fasteners for assembly, this task is within the power of those who are interested in software engineering. It won't take long to find an example.

In the photo below - some samples of machine tools with numerical control, which are made by the same craftsmen, not professionals. Not a single part was made hastily, of arbitrary size, but fitting the block with great accuracy, with careful alignment of the axes, using high-quality lead screws and with reliable bearings. The statement is true: as you collect, so you will work.

On the CNC, processing of an duralumin blank is performed. Such a machine, which was assembled by a craftsman, can perform a lot of milling work.

Another sample of the assembled machine, where the fiberboard is used as a work table, on which the manufacture of a printed circuit board is possible.

Everyone who starts making the first device will soon move on to other machines. Perhaps he wants to test himself as an assembler of a drilling unit and, imperceptibly, join the army of craftsmen who have assembled a lot of home-made devices. Technical creativity will make people's lives interesting, varied and rich.

Complex processing of various materials has long ceased to be the lot of factory shops. Twenty years ago, the maximum that home craftsmen could afford was figured sawing with a jigsaw.

Today, handheld routers and cutting lasers can be easily purchased at the hardware store. Various guides are provided for linear processing. But what about cutting complex shapes?

Elementary tasks can be completed using a template. However this method has disadvantages: firstly, it is necessary to make the template itself, and secondly, the mechanical pattern has restrictions on the size of the roundings. And finally, the error of such devices is too great.

A solution has long been found: a CNC machine allows you to cut out such complex shapes from plywood with your own hands, which “jigsaw operators” can only dream of.

The device is a system of coordinate positioning of the cutting tool, controlled by a computer program. That is, the processing head moves along the workpiece, in accordance with a given trajectory. Accuracy is only limited by the size of the cutting attachment (cutter or laser beam).


The possibilities of these machines are endless. There are models with two-dimensional and three-dimensional positioning. However, their cost is so high that the acquisition can only be justified by commercial use. It remains to assemble the CNC machine with your own hands.

How the coordinate system works

The basis of the machine is a powerful frame. The basis is a perfectly flat surface. It also serves as a desktop. The second basic element is the carriage on which the tool is fixed. It can be a dremel, a hand router, a laser gun - in general, any device capable of processing a workpiece. The carriage must move strictly in the plane of the frame.

Let's start with a 2D setup.

As a frame (base) for a do-it-yourself CNC machine, you can use the surface of the table. Most importantly, after adjusting all the elements, the structure no longer moves, remaining rigidly screwed to the base.

To move in one direction (let's call it X), two guides are placed. They must be strictly parallel to each other. A bridge structure is installed across, also consisting of parallel guides. The second axis is Y.


By setting the movement vectors along the X and Y axes, you can set the carriage (and with it the cutting tool) to any point on the plane of the desktop with high accuracy. By choosing the ratio of movement speeds along the axes, the program makes the tool move continuously along any, the most complex trajectory.

The frame of the CNC machine is made by the hands of a craftsman, video

There is another concept: the carriage with the tool is fixed motionless, the work table moves with the workpiece. There is no fundamental difference. Unless the dimensions of the base (and therefore the workpiece) are limited. But the circuit for supplying power to the working tool is simplified, there is no need to worry about flexible power cables.

The article describes a homemade CNC machine. The main advantage of this version of the machine is a simple method of connecting stepper motors to a computer via the LPT port.

Mechanical

Bed The bed of our machine is made of plastic 11-12 mm thick. The material is not critical, you can use aluminum, organic glass plywood and any other available material. The main parts of the frame are attached using self-tapping screws, if desired, you can additionally decorate the attachment points with glue, if you use wood, you can use PVA glue.

Calipers and guides As guides, steel bars with a diameter of 12mm, length 200mm (on the Z axis 90mm), two pieces per axis, were used. Calipers are made of textolite with dimensions 25X100X45. The textolite has three through holes, two of them for guides and one for a nut. The guide parts are fixed with M6 screws. Supports X and Y in the upper part have 4 threaded holes for fixing the table and the Z-axis assembly.

Caliper Z The guides of the Z axis are attached to the caliper X through a steel plate, which is a transitional one, the dimensions of the plate are 45x100x4.

Stepper motors are mounted on fasteners, which can be made of sheet steel with a thickness of 2-3mm. The screw must be connected to the axis of the stepper motor using a flexible shaft, which can be used as a rubber hose. When using a rigid shaft, the system will not work accurately. The nut is made of brass, which is glued into the caliper.

Assembly Assembling a homemade CNC machine is carried out in the following sequence:

• First you need to install all the guide components in the calipers and screw them to the sidewalls, which were not initially installed on the base.
• We move the caliper along the guides until we achieve a smooth ride.
• We tighten the bolts, fixing the guide parts.
• We attach a caliper, a guide assembly and a sidewall to the base, we use self-tapping screws for fastening.
• We assemble the Z assembly and, together with the adapter plate, attach it to the X caliper.
• Next, install the lead screws along with the couplings.
• We install stepper motors, connecting the motor rotor and the screw with a coupling. We pay strict attention to the fact that the lead screws rotate smoothly.

Recommendations for assembling the machine: Nuts can also be made from cast iron, you should not use other materials, screws can be bought at any hardware store and cut to fit your needs. When using screws with M6x1 thread, the length of the nut will be 10 mm.

Machine drawings.rar

We turn to the second part of the assembly of the CNC machine with our own hands, namely to electronics.

Electronics

Power supply unit A 12V 3A unit was used as a power source. The unit is designed to power stepper motors. Another voltage source at 5V and with a current of 0.3A was used to power the controller microcircuits. The power supply depends on the power of the stepper motors.

We present the calculation of the power supply. The calculation is simple - 3x2x1 \u003d 6A, where 3 is the number of stepper motors used, 2 is the number of powered windings, 1 is the current in Amperes.

Control Controller The control controller was assembled on only 3 chips of the 555TM7 series. The controller does not require firmware and has a fairly simple circuit diagram, thanks to this, this CNC machine can be made by a person who is not particularly versed in electronics.

Description and pin assignment of the LPT port connector.

For the experiment, a stepper motor from an old 5.25-inch was used. In the scheme, 7 bits are not used. 3 engines used. You can hang a key on it to turn on the main engine (cutter or drill).

Driver for stepper motors To control a stepper motor, a driver is used, which is an amplifier with 4 channels. The design is implemented on only 4 transistors of the KT917 type.

You can also use serial microcircuits, for example - ULN 2004 (9 keys) with a current of 0.5-0.6A.

The vri-cnc program is used for control. A detailed description and instructions for using the program can be found on the official website.

Having assembled this CNC machine with your own hands, you will become the owner of a machine capable of machining (drilling, milling) plastics. Steel engraving. Also, a home-made CNC machine can be used as a plotter, you can draw and drill printed circuit boards on it.

Based on materials from the site: vri-cnc.ru

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Cnc do-it-yourself drawings

Knowing that a CNC milling machine is a complex technical and electronic device, many craftsmen think that it is simply impossible to make it with their own hands. However, this opinion is erroneous: you can make such equipment yourself, but for this you need to have not only its detailed drawing, but also a set of necessary tools and relevant components.

Processing of duralumin blanks on a homemade desktop milling machine

When deciding to make a homemade CNC milling machine, keep in mind that this can take a significant amount of time. In addition, certain financial costs will be required. However, not being afraid of such difficulties and having the right approach to solving all issues, you can become the owner of affordable, efficient and productive equipment that allows you to process workpieces from various materials with a high degree of accuracy.

To make a milling machine equipped with a CNC system, you can use two options: buy a ready-made kit, from which such equipment is assembled from specially selected elements, or find all the components and assemble a device that fully meets all your requirements with your own hands.

Instructions for assembling a homemade CNC milling machine

Below in the photo you can see a self-made CNC milling machine, which is accompanied by detailed instructions for manufacturing and assembly, indicating the materials and components used, accurate “patterns” of machine parts and approximate costs. The only negative is the instruction in English, but it is quite possible to understand the detailed drawings even without knowing the language.

Free download instructions for the manufacture of the machine: Homemade CNC milling machine

The CNC milling machine is assembled and ready to go. Below are some illustrations from the assembly instructions for this machine.

"Patterns" of machine parts (reduced view) Beginning of machine assembly Intermediate stage Final assembly stage

Preparatory work

If you decide that you will design a CNC machine with your own hands without using a ready-made kit, then the first thing you will need to do is to opt for a concept diagram according to which such mini-equipment will work.

Scheme of a CNC milling machine

The basis of CNC milling equipment can be taken from an old drilling machine, in which the working head with a drill is replaced with a milling head. The most complex thing that will have to be designed in such equipment is a mechanism that ensures the movement of the tool in three independent planes. This mechanism can be assembled on the basis of carriages from a non-working printer; it will ensure the movement of the tool in two planes.

It is easy to connect software control to a device assembled according to such a concept. However, its main drawback is that only workpieces made of plastic, wood and thin sheet metal can be processed on such a CNC machine. This is explained by the fact that the carriages from the old printer, which will ensure the movement of the cutting tool, do not have a sufficient degree of rigidity.

Lightweight version of the CNC milling machine for working with soft materials

In order for your homemade CNC machine to be able to perform full-fledged milling operations with workpieces from various materials, a sufficiently powerful stepper motor must be responsible for moving the working tool. It is not at all necessary to look for a stepper-type engine, it can be made from a conventional electric motor, subjecting the latter to a slight refinement.

The use of a stepper motor in your milling machine will make it possible to avoid the use of a screw drive, and the functionality and performance of home-made equipment will not become worse from this. If you still decide to use carriages from the printer for your mini-machine, then it is advisable to pick them up from a larger model of the printing device. To transfer force to the shaft of milling equipment, it is better to use not ordinary, but toothed belts that will not slip on the pulleys.

Belt drive unit

One of the most important components of any such machine is the milling mechanism. It is its manufacture that needs special attention. To properly make such a mechanism, you will need detailed drawings, which will need to be strictly followed.

CNC milling machine drawings

Drawing No. 1 (side view)

Drawing No. 2 (back view)

Drawing No. 3 (top view)

Let's start assembling the equipment

The basis of home-made CNC milling equipment can be a rectangular beam, which must be securely fixed on the rails.

The supporting structure of the machine must have high rigidity, it is better not to use welded joints during its installation, and all elements must be connected only with screws.

Unit for fastening machine frame parts by means of a bolted connection

This requirement is explained by the fact that the welds are very poorly tolerated by vibration loads, which the supporting structure of the equipment will necessarily be subjected to. Such loads will eventually lead to the fact that the frame of the machine will begin to collapse over time, and changes in geometric dimensions will occur in it, which will affect the accuracy of the equipment settings and its performance.

Welds during the installation of the frame of a homemade milling machine often provoke the development of play in its nodes, as well as the deflection of the guides, which occurs under severe loads.

Installation of vertical racks

In the milling machine, which you will assemble with your own hands, a mechanism must be provided to ensure the movement of the working tool in a vertical direction. It is best to use a screw gear for this, the rotation of which will be transmitted using a toothed belt.

An important detail of the milling machine is its vertical axis, which for a homemade device can be made from an aluminum plate. It is very important that the dimensions of this axis are precisely adjusted to the dimensions of the device being assembled. If you have a muffle furnace at your disposal, then you can make the vertical axis of the machine with your own hands, casting it from aluminum according to the dimensions indicated in the finished drawing.

Top carriage assembly placed on transverse rails

After all the components of your homemade milling machine are prepared, you can begin to assemble it. This process begins with the installation of two stepper motors, which are mounted on the equipment body behind its vertical axis. One of these electric motors will be responsible for moving the milling head in the horizontal plane, and the second - for moving the head, respectively, in the vertical plane. After that, the remaining components and assemblies of home-made equipment are mounted.

The final stage of machine assembly

Rotation to all components of home-made CNC equipment should be transmitted only through belt drives. Before connecting a program control system to the assembled machine, you should check its performance in manual mode and immediately eliminate all identified shortcomings in its operation.

You can watch the process of assembling a milling machine with your own hands on a video that is easy to find on the Internet.

Stepper motors

In the design of any CNC milling machine, there are necessarily stepper motors that provide tool movement in three planes: 3D. When designing a homemade machine for this purpose, you can use electric motors installed in a dot matrix printer. Most older models of dot matrix printers were equipped with electric motors with fairly high power. In addition to stepper motors from an old printer, it is worth taking strong steel rods, which can also be used in the construction of your homemade machine.

Attaching the stepper motor to the top carriage

To make a CNC router with your own hands, you will need three stepper motors. Since there are only two of them in a dot matrix printer, it will be necessary to find and disassemble another old printing device.

It will be a big plus if the engines you find have five control wires: this will significantly increase the functionality of your future mini-machine. It is also important to find out the following parameters of the stepper motors you found: how many degrees it rotates in one step, what is the supply voltage, and also the value of the winding resistance.

You will need a separate controller to connect each stepper motor.

The drive design of a homemade CNC milling machine is assembled from a nut and a stud, the dimensions of which must first be selected according to the drawing of your equipment. To fix the motor shaft and to attach it to the stud, it is convenient to use a thick rubber winding from an electric cable. Elements of your CNC machine, such as clamps, can be made in the form of a nylon sleeve into which a screw is inserted. In order to make such simple structural elements, you will need a regular file and a drill.

Electronic filling of equipment

Your do-it-yourself CNC machine will be controlled by software, and you need to choose the right one. When choosing such software (you can write it yourself), it is important to pay attention to the fact that it is efficient and allows the machine to implement all its functionality. Such software should contain drivers for controllers that will be installed on your mini milling machine.

In a homemade CNC machine, the LPT port is mandatory, through which the electronic control system is connected to the machine. It is very important that this connection is made through the installed stepper motors.

Wiring diagram for unipolar stepper motors for a 3-axis CNC machine (click to enlarge)

When choosing electronic components for your do-it-yourself machine, it is important to pay attention to their quality, since the accuracy of the technological operations that will be performed on it will depend on this. After installing and connecting all the electronic components of the CNC system, you need to download the necessary software and drivers. Only after that, a test run of the machine follows, checking the correct operation of the machine under the control of downloaded programs, identifying shortcomings and promptly eliminating them.

All of the above actions and the listed components are suitable for making a milling machine with your own hands, not only for a coordinate boring group, but also for a number of other types. On such equipment, it is possible to process parts with a complex configuration, since the working body of the machine can move in three planes: 3d.

Your desire to assemble such a CNC-controlled machine with your own hands must be supported by the presence of certain skills and detailed drawings. It is also highly desirable to watch a number of thematic training videos, some of which are presented in this article.

Home › Equipment for metal processing › Milling machines

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DIY CNC machine / DIY / Collective blog

Today, the CNC machine has a wide range of applications. Among the main operations performed on it, one can note the manufacture of furniture, stone processing, repair, construction work, etc.

A CNC machine made in an industrial environment is a rather expensive pleasure. But it turns out that the mechanism is complex at first glance, it is very simple and affordable to make at home with your own hands.

For the first experience, it is best to opt for a machine with a moving portal. This is due to the fact that it perfectly combines simplicity and functionality.

For the manufacture of the main parts of the machine, we take MDF boards. This material is a fine dispersed fraction, which is pressed under high pressure and temperature into one plate. The main characteristics of MDF include high density. Therefore, they are great for making CNC machines with your own hands. On MDF equipment, it is possible to process plastic, wood, engrave, but metal parts cannot be processed with high accuracy. This is due to the low resistance of this material to loads.

To begin with, we will print the drawing of our machine on a printer. Then the resulting templates can be glued to the MDF. It is much easier and more convenient to cut out the details of the future machine.

The fittings that will be used in the assembly can be purchased at any hardware or hardware store.

In addition to accessories for the manufacture of the machine, the following tools will be required: a drill, a screwdriver and a hacksaw. If you have a jigsaw, then it is better to use it. This will greatly simplify the process of cutting out parts.

We proceed to the manufacture of the machine. To do this, we paste the drawings of the parts printed on the printer onto the MDF board using an adhesive stick for paper. When choosing it in the store, opt for the thickest one. This will significantly speed up the process of gluing templates.

Now you can do the direct sawing of blanks. In this model, all parts have almost straight lines and the most simple contours.

After all the templates are cut out, we proceed to drilling the holes. It should be noted that many of them have a large diameter. Therefore, in order for the surface of these holes to be neat and smooth, it is better to use crowns or grinding nozzles. Thus, you will be able to accurately bore holes to the desired diameter.

Now you can start assembling the CNC machine according to the drawings we have.

Since we plan to use the machine at home, it is imperative to install a fence. This will avoid the scattering of dust and dirt from the workpieces.

For these purposes, you can use foam, fiberglass, thin plywood, etc. Don't forget to make a small hole in the fence.

Through it it will be possible to connect the hood from the old vacuum cleaner. This will ensure maximum trapping of dust and chips. The opposite effect of using such a "dirt trap" is a lot of noise.

The next important step in assembling a CNC machine with your own hands is electronics. After all, it is important, because. with its help, the management process takes place.

In this case, two solutions can be used. The first of them is to assemble the necessary controller circuit on your own, having bought all the necessary parts.

The second way is easier - buy a ready-made controller in a store or on the radio market. Which of the proposed paths to choose is up to you. If you are not very versed in radio engineering and decide to buy a finished part, then it is recommended to opt for the TV6560.

The choice of this element is evidenced by its ability to select the necessary power depending on the stepper motors used, the presence of protection against overload and overheating, the use of many software, etc.

If you will make the controller yourself, an old scanner or MFP is perfect. A ULN2003 chip, steel rods and a stepper motor are selected from it. In addition, you will need a DB-25 connector with a wire, a socket for powering the controller itself. If you want to have a computer control of your machine, then you will need a computer to which you will connect the received equipment.

To create a controller, we take any board we have. We carefully solder the ULN2003 chip onto it with a soldering iron. In this case, do not forget about polarity.

The above diagram shows that there are two power rails. Therefore, we solder the output of the microcircuit with a negative sign to one, and with a positive sign to the other. After that, we connect pin 2 of the parallel port connector to pin 1 of the ULN2003. To pin 2 of the ULN2003 we attach pin 3 of the connector. Accordingly, we will connect the output of the ULN2003 4 circuit to the 5th output of the connector, etc. But the zero pin with the 25th pin of the parallel port, we solder to the negative bus.

The next step is soldering the stepper motor to the control device. It can be done correctly only by trial and error, because. most often there is no documentation for the output of the electric motor you have. Therefore, it is recommended to equip the motor wires with crocodile clips. Thus, the process will go faster and easier.

Our next step is to connect the wires to pins 13,14,15,16 of the ULN2003 chip. Now we will solder the wires to the power bus with a plus sign. Finally, install the power socket.

Our controller is almost ready. Now we install it on steel rods and fix it in the nests prepared earlier. In order to prevent breakage of wires during operation, it is better to fix them with hot glue.

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Drawing homemade CNC machine

You can download a drawing of a homemade CNC machine using the links at the end of the article.

The archive offered for download contains a drawing of a CNC machine for do-it-yourself assembly.

This is a fairly common type of CNC machine with a moving portal.

This drawing differs primarily in that not only is the detailing given - when each part of the machine is drawn separately and has dimensions, but also the assembly drawings of each of the nodes are given.

A CNC machine according to such a drawing can be made from almost any material. It can be duralumin plates and plywood. You can also use durable plastic or plexiglass in the design of a homemade CNC machine.

The drawings are in DXF vector format and can be scaled to any size.

In the simplest case, you can take engines from dot-matrix printers such as Epson FX1000 in A3 format, and take steel guides along with a sliding unit from the same printer.

As a lead screw in the budget version of a home-made CNC machine, a stud with an M6 or M8 thread is used. It is better to order running nuts to a turner and turn them from bronze. A bronze nut can "walk" for 5-7 years with daily use of the CNC machine for 8-10 hours.

Lead screws are consumables, and lead nuts can serve more than one home-made machine.

However, I have read more than once about how they used running nuts made of plastic or getinax.

A homemade CNC machine made from improvised means will allow you to process wood, plastics and non-ferrous metals.

For the processing of metals and steel, such a machine becomes unsuitable due to the weak rigidity of the structure.

However, it can be used for engraving or as a CNC-controlled drilling machine for metals.

But here's how milling - unlikely. When milling metals, shock loads occur - for example, when milling one groove, another groove meets and then a mechanical shock occurs, which is transmitted to the machine structure and the lead screw.

For homework, such as milling balsa model aircraft kits, this machine will easily justify the cost of making it!

You can download drawings of a homemade CNC machine here: Depositfiles or from our website

Homemade CNC machine