What is relative health definition. The concept of health and disease. Spiritual and physical health

Scientists and physicians have been trying to define the concept of illness and health for a long time. Since the time of Hippocrates, there have been many points of view on this issue. Illness and health have always been perceived as two mutually exclusive conditions, therefore, poor health and well-being is logical to consider as two poles suitable for any of these conditions. Feeling well and bad is purely subjective. Even with a serious illness, a person can consider himself healthy, as he feels good. A typical example is cancer, which is a very serious prognostically problem for the whole organism, but does not bring any unpleasant subjective symptoms at the initial stage. On the contrary, poor health can be due to a variety of reasons, in addition to somatic pathology. In addition to somatic, the main causes of poor health can be considered social. These include family problems, any violations of communication, interaction of the individual with representatives of the social environment in which she lives.
The concept of health should be seen as a condition to which successful therapeutic interventions should strive, as well as the goal of constantly taken and promoted preventive measures. Mental health includes three main dimensions: wellness, both physical and mental; self-actualization, that is, the ability for self-development, the presence of self-sufficiency; respect for yourself and others, or self-esteem. All these qualities can be considered as personality traits with a low risk of mental disorder. The probability is determined not only by the premorbid personality traits, but also by the ecological, economic and social conditions of life. "All life is a theater, and we are all actors in it." The relevance of this quote is explained by the fact that in addition to the objective concepts of health and illness, there is an equally relevant concept of the role of the healthy and the role of the patient. A role implies certain expectations of society from the behavior of a given individual. The role of a healthy person implies that a person is able to perform all social functions assigned to him by the surrounding society and, in the future, take on additional ones. The role of a healthy person is characterized by normal performance, endurance, readiness to perform assigned functions. The patient's role implies exactly the opposite situation. In a state of illness, a person claims increased attention, care from others. The role of the patient implies that the social functions assigned to him before must be transferred to another person or their implementation must be suspended, since the role of the patient includes the impossibility of performing the previous actions in full.
Any disease is diagnosed based on the analysis of clinical signs (symptoms) and the results of examinations. Among the variety of symptoms, there are signs of somatic ill-being, as well as an altered mental response as a result of the disease. In a number of diseases, such as neuroinfections, various intoxications, mental illnesses, cerebrovascular diseases, mental changes are caused by a direct effect on the brain. In other diseases, changes in the psyche and behavior will not be caused by damage to the brain, but by changed sensations from other organs and systems. The general mechanism of such changes is fundamentally the same. Violation of the usual activity of organs and systems as a result of the onset and development of a somatic disease leads to a change in nerve impulses coming from the affected organ to the brain. As a result, there is a change in the physiological parameters of higher nervous activity, which leads to a change in the patient's mental activity. Such changes cannot be one-sided, they are always accompanied by cerebro-visceral communication. Interaction according to the principle of direct and feedback ultimately creates a holistic picture of the disease. It is the feedback that makes changes in the mental activity of a person. Individuals will respond differently to the same illness or injury. It is due to different perceptions of illness or injury, previous life experience, the level of intelligence and knowledge in a particular area, and many other circumstances. In practice, a doctor often has to deal with a discrepancy between the abundance of complaints and the paucity of objective data. All psychological characteristics of the patient's awareness of their illness can be conditionally divided into types of experiences and reactions to the disease. These include the patient's judgments about the initial manifestations of the disease, the peculiarities of changes in well-being in connection with the aggravation of painful disorders, in the future, on the way to recovery and restoration of health - ideas about the likely consequences of the transferred painful process for oneself and others, the possibility of continuing the usual professional activity, and much other. It should be noted that in the center of the patient's experiences are his subjective sensations, they occupy the maximum of his attention and interests. They come in several varieties:
1) sensitive, implying a feeling of somatic discomfort in the form of general weakness, pain and other manifestations;
2) emotional, expressed in hopes for recovery, fears for an unfavorable outcome of the disease, possible complications;
3) strong-willed, characterized by a clear understanding of the need to take measures to overcome the disease as a result of examination and active treatment;
4) rational and informative, expressed in the need to know the characteristics of one's disease, the possible duration of the course, probable complications, possible outcomes: complete recovery, temporary disability (short or long-term), disability, death.
The listed subjective experiences correspond to various types of responses to the disease that has arisen. They are classified as normal and abnormal.
Normal reactions:
1st type - the tendency to overestimate the importance of individual symptoms and the disease as a whole;
Type 2 - a real assessment of one's condition and future prospects, which coincides with the opinion of the attending physician;
Type 3 - a tendency to underestimate the severity and severity of one's condition in the current period of time and the possibility of consequences and complications;
4th type - complete denial of the disease in general and any individual pathological symptoms in particular as a result of the lack of criticism of one's condition or dissimulation;
The 5th type is the displacement from one's consciousness of obvious threatening signs of the disease due to the fear of its unknown consequences.
Abnormal reactions:
1) the asthenic type is characterized by increased fatigue, exhaustion, despite a favorable outcome of the disease; the patient is tormented by doubts, he is afraid of a recurrence of the disease or its transition to a chronic form;
2) the depressive type is characterized by a predominance of feelings of anxiety, melancholy, confusion, lack of hope for recovery, in connection with which incentives to fight the disease are lost;
3) the hypochondriacal type is characterized by “withdrawal into illness,” which fills his entire life, determines interests and thoughts, all his desires and aspirations are connected with it;
4) the hysterical type is characterized by a tendency to fantasize, skillful demonstration of imaginary painful symptoms, accompanied by rich facial expressions, theatrical gestures, groans, screams. At the same time, patients willingly share their experiences, colorfully and in detail talk about individual symptoms, they show picky in relation to medical personnel, who are accused of insufficient attention, indifference and callousness towards them, unfortunate sufferers;
5) mosaic type is a combination of individual features inherent in other types. At different periods of the disease, one of the types of abnormal reactions described above predominates.
One of the characteristic features of abnormal reactions is their tendency to develop rapidly and disappear quickly. With psychopathological reactions, patients have no criticism of their condition or are present, but not enough.
The combination of normal and abnormal types of response in the refraction of emotional characteristics and social needs makes it possible to distinguish three main most common options for attitudes toward one's disease.
The first option is regarded as a normal response to illness. The patient adequately assesses his condition and future prospects, in connection with which he seeks to carry out the prescribed treatment and examination, he is interested in the results obtained. In the actions of such a patient, purposefulness, perseverance, self-control, the desire to take control of the situation are noted.
The second variant is a depressive type of abnormal response to illness. Patients in this group are confused, fussy, pessimistic, and unbalanced in behavior. The goals and objectives that were previously important for these patients fade into the background, they sometimes manage to solve their unmet needs by demonstrating their helplessness. Patients have little initiative, their interest in the results of their examination and treatment is insufficient, they do not use their own reserve capabilities.
The third option is the hysterical type of abnormal reaction to the disease: patients are passive, ignore existing difficulties, their mood is unstable, their behavior is uneven. Contact with others is difficult due to frequent, unpredictable mood swings. Patients talk about their painful experiences for a long time and flamboyantly, often demonstrating them.

Iatrogeny

In general, iatrogenies are a special case of psychogenia, that is, a disease that develops as a result of mental trauma, in this case, the words of a doctor. In a narrower sense, iatrogeny should be considered changes in the human psyche under the influence of a wrong opinion, an erroneous statement by a doctor. Thus, the doctor's word is a serious weapon that can both heal and harm health. A person suffering from almost any disease becomes more susceptible and sensitive to environmental influences, more susceptible to negative influences. However, not all patients are equally affected. The characteristics of a person's personality matter. The greatest susceptibility is characteristic of persons anxious, suspicious, impressionable, accustomed to listening to their feelings, with an easily vulnerable psyche. The reason is usually misunderstood words of the doctor, combined with a vivid impression of the illness of some other patient, accompanied by a feeling of anxiety: the sight of a seriously ill patient, eyewitness accounts, reading literature about a sudden illness with a tragic outcome. After a short time, such an impressionable patient develops a variety of unpleasant sensations, which, in his opinion, resemble the signs of the very disease that he learned or observed in another person. If his fears are not confirmed by a medical examination, he begins to turn to other doctors, being sure that he is sick. If the disease is not found by other doctors, he can complain to higher authorities, demanding a second examination and treatment. Sometimes such patients become “professional complainants”, taking a lot of time from doctors and regulatory organizations in search of a non-existent disease and answers to the complainant. At the same time, such a patient tries to independently understand his state of health, tries to read special medical literature, which is very difficult to understand for a person without medical education, draws erroneous conclusions and, on their basis, tries to self-medicate. Missing symptoms appear as a result of self-hypnosis, imaginary sensations eventually enter the system, acquire orderliness. At this stage, the patient can really give the impression of a truly sick person. Lack of understanding and empathy on the part of healthcare professionals can cause a decrease in mood, sleep disorders, appetite, and general well-being. In such a state, functional disorders on the part of the "diseased" organ do develop. In everyday communication with the patient, his degree of suggestibility is of great importance. It can have a positive meaning, since an easily suggested patient will better perceive and remember advice, appointments and recommendations. In other cases, suggestibility can play a cruel joke with the doctor and the patient in the event of an erroneous opinion or reckless statement by the doctor. Especially often iatrogenic influences are observed during the examination when the early manifestations of a particular disease are detected, when the patient is already worried about changes in his state of health and becomes prone to free interpretation of his changing state. Thorough analysis of complaints and experiences of the patient allows you to better understand the features of his mental personality, to find more effective and acceptable forms of influence on him. This is also facilitated by the exclusion from use in the presence of the patient of terms that are not clear to him, which from incomprehensible can turn into frightening. Great importance should be attached to the analysis of the patient's experiences, for the doctor, as a result of direct verbal contact, can obtain material that often surpasses the physical methods of research in the subtlety of observation. At the very beginning of contact with the patient, the doctor should strengthen the patient's positive attitudes, and not overly sympathize with him and talk about the possible severe consequences and duration of the disease, treat it unjustifiably and for a long time, prescribe a large number of drugs with multidirectional action, without much need to issue a certificate of incapacity for work, as to be on the safe side, instead of making recommendations for employment based on mental and physical health. It should be especially noted the need to observe accuracy and caution when communicating the results of the examination and the established diagnosis to the patient. The communication of the same diagnosis to different patients has a purely individual character with elements of theatricality. The form of the message, words, expressions, demonstration of the doctor's own attitude to the reported diagnosis should depend on the level of intelligence, education, culture, somatic and emotional state of the patient. The most unacceptable, malicious option is considered to be a medical-centric attitude towards reporting a diagnosis. It is characterized by a dry scientific description of fait accompli. In this case, the doctor acts only as a professional in one specific narrow area of knowledge, with a slight stretch in this case, he can be called simply an artisan. The doctor's reasoning aloud can also have a harmful effect on the patient, especially when it comes to differential diagnostic questions. Sometimes he cannot even guess what a whirlwind of questions and doubts raises in the patient's head a remark about what various diseases the symptom that worries the patient can be associated with. Considering the aspect of communicating the results of his examination to the patient, special attention should be paid to electrocardiography, since until now this diagnostic method remains one of the most informative in relation to the state of the heart, and it is an extremely important organ, which is known to any, the most uneducated patient. In a number of studies by leading cardiologists, it is noted that the careless reporting of the results of electrocardiography caused no less harm than the somatic problems identified by this method. The diagnosis "cardiac neurosis", widespread in real medicine, is often the result of tactless reports of ECG results to especially suspicious patients. Patients with a hypochondriacal disposition sometimes scrupulously collect the results of examinations, the opinions of various specialists, compare them with each other and with the results of studies of other patients, try to draw conclusions on their own, thereby causing themselves serious harm, concentrating their interests on their state of health and manifestations of the disease. The thought of a possible heart disease terrifies them especially, they ask, demand repeated electrocardiography, and then panic when they hear about even minor deviations. Without a medical education, without knowing the medical terminology, such patients come to the conclusion that they have a serious heart disease, although objectively there is no question of this. They require repeated ECG studies and calm down a little only when it is possible to detect at least minimal deviations in the direction of deterioration, since this confirms their fears with which no one wants to agree. The interpretation of X-ray studies also has its pitfalls. To a greater extent, this concerns controversial conclusions, which are encountered quite often in this type of survey. One and the same picture can be regarded as a variant of the norm in one patient and as a manifestation of pathology in another, and this is not always immediately clear. X-ray data must always be evaluated in conjunction with other examinations, therefore the radiologist alone does not have to diagnose and inform the patient about it. A typical example is the following case from pediatric practice. A 2-year-old child was prescribed an X-ray examination of the lungs due to a long-lasting cough after suffering bronchitis. The radiologist of the children's polyclinic was on vacation, so the conclusion was made by a radiologist who works with the adult population and who has lost the skills to study children's radiographs. His verdict was unambiguous: the child had disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis. Fortunately or unfortunately, the child's mother had a medical degree. Unfortunately, because she immediately imagined the forthcoming volume and duration of treatment, the consequences of such a serious illness at such a tender age for the body as a whole and the consequences of the influence of toxic drugs, without which it is impossible to achieve a cure for this disease. This situation could lead to improper treatment of the child with unpredictable consequences and neurotic disorder on the part of the mother. Fortunately, the mother was not satisfied with the conclusion of this radiologist and began to look for an opportunity to consult the child and check the results of the examination with a specialist working in a children's hospital. The conclusion stated that such a result may be a variant of the norm, which was confirmed by further clinical observations.

Human health, health components.

The German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer (1788 - 1860) stated: “Nine-tenths of our happiness is based on health. With him, everything becomes a source of pleasure, while without him, absolutely no external benefits can give pleasure, even subjective benefits: the quality of the mind, soul, temperament weakens and fades in a painful state. It is not at all without reason that we first of all ask each other about health and wish it to each other: it is truly the main condition for human happiness. "

If we accept that among the life values of a person, health is the main condition for human happiness, then it is necessary to understand what we mean by this term.

Today there are a number of definitions of human health. The Constitution of the World Health Organization states that health - it is "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not just the absence of disease and physical defects."

In a generalized form, human health is his ability to maintain a psychophysiological stability corresponding to age and sex under conditions of constant changes in information (sensory and structural).

What is sensory and structural information?

Sensory information - this is information perceived with the help of the senses - visual, auditory, tactile, gustatory, olfactory. Sensory information can be positive and negative in quality and quantity.

Structural information is perceived at the cellular level, that is, we are talking about a structural defense reaction of a healthy organism when a foreign agent (smallpox virus) enters the human body by developing special antibodies to destroy the virus. The more dangerous a foreign agent that has entered the body of a healthy person, the more powerful the structural defense system - immunity.

So, nature took care of our health resource, providing us from birth with structural and sensory information systems that have the ability to self-regulate and maintain life.

From the definition of health, it can be concluded that the components of health are:

Physical,

Psychological,

· Social.

Physical component - the body's ability to have reserves in case of unforeseen extreme and emergency situations.

Psychological component - determines the state of the psyche, or mental balance of a person. Mental well-being correlates with reason, intellect, emotions.

Social component - reflects connections within society, material security, interpersonal contacts, that is, awareness of oneself as a person when interacting with others.

All three components are interconnected, I show on the board schematically, visually the three main components.

Individual and public health

Individual health is the health of each person individually.

Public health is the health of the whole society, it is a socio-political and economic category that characterizes the vitality of the whole society as a social organism.

Spiritual and physical health

Spiritual health is provided by the system of thinking, cognition of the surrounding world and orientation in it. Spiritual health is achieved by the ability to live in harmony with oneself, with family, friends and society, the ability to predict and model events and draw up a program of their actions.

Physical health, as one of the components of human health, is defined as the absence of diseases and physical defects of the body and largely depends on the work of sensory and structural information systems. Physical health is primarily influenced by heredity and the environment.

At the 20th minute of the lesson, perform movement exercises (2 minutes).

Spiritual and physical principles must constantly be in harmonious unity, for these are two inseparable parts of the general individual health of a person. Both of these parts - physical and spiritual - are so closely intertwined that it is impossible to separate them. Physical health affects spiritual life, and spiritual control provides the necessary discipline to maintain physical health.

Factors affecting health.

What affects your health?

This influence is expressed by two groups: internal and external.

Internal - this is the influence of heredity (genetic factor) - 20%

External - environment (20%), health care activities (10%)

Lifestyle affects our health by 50%! Everything will depend on how we use the natural gift and, of course, on what conditions we will use it.

A way of life is a system of a person's relationship with himself and the factors of the external environment.

Environmental factors are:

· Physical (pressure, radiation, temperature);

· Chemical (food, water, poisonous substances);

· Biological (plants, microorganisms, animals);

· Psychological (affecting the emotional sphere through sight, touch, smell, taste, hearing and causing a positive or negative reaction).

What is a relationship with oneself? This is a complex set of actions and experiences, the presence of useful habits that strengthen the natural resource of health, and the absence of harmful ones that destroy it.

To be healthy, you need your own efforts, constant and significant. Nothing can replace them. A person is so perfect that health can be restored from almost any point of its decline. Only the necessary efforts increase with old age and the deepening of diseases. For this it is necessary to conduct a healthy lifestyle is an activity aimed at maintaining and strengthening health!

Basic health criteria

The main criterion for human health is his ability to maintain psychophysiological stability in a constantly changing world.

In other words, it is a quick adaptation to new conditions of the surrounding world.

Adaptation - it is physiological adaptation of the structure and functions of the body, changing its organs and cells in accordance with environmental conditions.

Environmental conditions should be understood not only as changes in the natural environment, but also in changes in the psychological environment.

Presentation on the topic: Human health

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Health is the first and most important human need, which determines his ability to work and ensures the harmonious development of the individual. It is the most important prerequisite for cognition of the surrounding world, for self-affirmation and human happiness. Active long life is an important component of the human factor. Health is the first and most important human need, which determines his ability to work and ensures the harmonious development of the individual. It is the most important prerequisite for cognition of the surrounding world, for self-affirmation and human happiness. Active long life is an important component of the human factor. To main

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· Physical health is the natural state of the body, due to the normal functioning of all its organs and systems. If all organs and systems work well, then the entire human body (a self-regulating system) functions and develops correctly. · Physical health is the natural state of the body, due to the normal functioning of all its organs and systems. If all organs and systems work well, then the entire human body (a self-regulating system) functions and develops correctly. · Mental health depends on the state of the brain, it is characterized by the level and quality of thinking, the development of attention and memory, the degree of emotional stability, the development of volitional qualities. · Moral health is determined by those moral principles that are the basis of a person's social life, i.e. life in a particular human society. Distinctive features of a person's moral health are, first of all, a conscious attitude to work, mastery of cultural treasures, active rejection of morals and habits that contradict the normal way of life. To main

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A healthy lifestyle (HLS) is a way of life based on the principles of morality, rationally organized, active, laborious, tempering and, at the same time, protecting from the adverse effects of the environment, allowing you to maintain moral, mental and physical health until a ripe old age. A healthy lifestyle (HLS) is a way of life based on the principles of morality, rationally organized, active, laborious, tempering and, at the same time, protecting from the adverse effects of the environment, allowing you to maintain moral, mental and physical health until a ripe old age. To main

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The next component of a healthy lifestyle is a balanced diet. When talking about it, you should remember about two basic laws, violation of which is dangerous to health. The next component of a healthy lifestyle is a balanced diet. When talking about it, you should remember about two basic laws, violation of which is dangerous to health. The first law is the balance of received and consumed energy. If the body receives more energy than it consumes, that is, if we receive more food than is necessary for the normal development of a person, for work and well-being, we gain weight. Now more than a third of our country, including children, is overweight. And there is only one reason - excess nutrition, which ultimately leads to atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and a number of other ailments. To main

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The second law is the correspondence of the chemical composition of the diet to the physiological needs of the body for nutrients. The diet should be varied and provide the needs for proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber. Many of these substances are irreplaceable, since they are not formed in the body, but only come with food. The absence of at least one of them, for example, vitamin C, leads to illness, and even death. We obtain B vitamins mainly from wholemeal bread, and the sources of vitamin A and other fat-soluble vitamins are dairy products, fish oil, and liver. The second law is the correspondence of the chemical composition of the diet to the physiological needs of the body for nutrients. The diet should be varied and provide the needs for proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber. Many of these substances are irreplaceable, since they are not formed in the body, but only come with food. The absence of at least one of them, for example, vitamin C, leads to illness, and even death. We obtain B vitamins mainly from wholemeal bread, and the sources of vitamin A and other fat-soluble vitamins are dairy products, fish oil, and liver. To main

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The state of the environment has an important effect on health: The state of the environment has an important effect on health: the effect of the "ozone hole" affects the formation of malignant tumors; air pollution on the state of the respiratory tract; water pollution - on digestion; To main

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Hardening is a powerful health remedy. It allows you to avoid many diseases, prolong life for many years, and maintain high efficiency. Hardening has a general strengthening effect on the body, increases the tone of the nervous system, improves blood circulation, and normalizes metabolism. Hardening is a powerful health remedy. It allows you to avoid many diseases, prolong life for many years, and maintain high efficiency. Hardening has a general strengthening effect on the body, increases the tone of the nervous system, improves blood circulation, and normalizes metabolism. To main

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It is important to observe the following daily routine: It is important to observe the following daily routine: get up every day at the same time, do regular morning exercises, eat at set hours, alternate mental work with physical exercises, observe the rules of personal hygiene, monitor the cleanliness of the body, clothes, shoes , work and sleep in a well-ventilated area, go to bed at the same time! To main

Basic concepts of human health. Human health and well-being. The definition of health is formulated by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is recognized that health is not just the absence of disease, it is a state of physical, mental and social well-being. In the general concept of health, there are two equal components: spiritual health and physical health.

The physical health of a person is the health of his body. It depends on the physical activity of a person, rational nutrition, compliance with the rules of personal hygiene and safe behavior in everyday life, the optimal combination of mental and physical labor, and the ability to rest. It can be preserved and strengthened only by giving up excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, drugs and other bad habits. The spiritual health of a person is the health of his mind. It depends on the system of his thinking, attitude to the world around him and orientation in this world. It depends on the ability to determine your position in the environment, your relationship to people, things, knowledge, etc. , opportunities and desires. In addition, it is customary to distinguish between individual and public health (public health). Individual health is the personal health of a person, which largely depends on himself, on his worldview, and ultimately on his culture - the culture of health. Public health consists of the state of health of all members of society and depends mainly on political, socio-economic and natural factors.

Health assessment

To assess health in biomedical research, indicators of physical development are used. The functions of the body are assessed in terms of mental and physical performance, and adaptive reserves in terms of biochemical, hormonal and immune status. The morbidity indicator reflects the prevalence of diseases, which is determined by the ratio of the number of diseases per year, multiplied by 1000 and referred to the average population. This indicator is a collective designation of negative health indicators, which in sanitary statistics are considered as criteria for health status. The concept of the "natural environment" was considered by us in detail earlier. Includes a set of natural and anthropogenic factors. Anthropogenic factors generated by humans and their economic activities often have a negative impact on humans, their living conditions and health

At the UN conference in 1972 in Stockholm, a declaration was adopted, which states that a person is simultaneously a product and creator of his environment, which gives him a physical basis for life and the possibility of intellectual, moral, social and spiritual development. Thus, for human well-being and for the realization of basic human rights, including the right to life, two aspects are important - the natural environment and the one created by man. In this sector of living conditions at the end of the XX century. the most dangerous tendencies for humans are concentrated, since the depletion of natural resources and pollution of the natural environment occur faster than people manage to replace them with artificial conditions. These tendencies are most acute in large industrial regions and cities.

In fig. 19.4 by T.A. Akimova, V.V. Haskin (1994) clearly shows the inevitability with which flows of matter, energy and information converge to a building and a machine with a red cross, which a person builds up in the environment with his activity and passes through himself.

Rice. 19.4. Interrelation of environmental factors forming a complex

stress effects on a person (according to T.A. Akimova, V.V. Haskin, 1994)

An essential component of these influences is social stress, psychological stress that has engulfed the masses of people, due to the acceleration of the pace of life and social changes.

Human health.

Teacher: Our journey to the land of Security continues. Our assistants: Wise Owl (she always knows about everything), Ded-Rhymeed (he always writes about everything) and Bunny-Sproshaika (just very curious) are already here and ready to help us. Today, we are going to talk about human health.

Wise Owl: The greatest and most important value of a person is his health. Therefore, it needs to be preserved and strengthened. To do this, you always need: 1, 2, etc. read like first, second, etc. 1. Follow the daily routine; 2. Eat right. 3. Take a shower after sleep - in the morning, and before going to bed - in the evening. 4. Wash yourself with soap and a washcloth at least once a week. 5. Cut nails and hair. 6. Take care of the cleanliness of your clothes and shoes. 7. Don't forget to clean your home and classroom.

Daily walks in the fresh air, morning exercises and physical activity, tempering will help you to improve your health.

Grandfather-Rhyme expert: Let winter smile through the window, But the class is light and warm! We take care of our health from an early age. It will relieve us of pain and trouble!

Teacher: - Do you think it is possible to get sick from non-observance of personal hygiene? What is personal hygiene? What are the rules of personal hygiene known to you? (Student responses). That's right, because cleanliness is a guarantee of health! Dirt and slovenliness in clothes is a disregard for one's health, and uncleanliness is disrespect not only for oneself, but also for the people around. As a rule, lazy people are dirty people. Lazy schoolchildren get bored in their lessons, do not study well, they do not want to carry out any assignments, they do not like to write cleanly in notebooks, read books. They do not cultivate the habit of working, helping their parents with household chores.

Grandfather-Rhyme expert: Lazy children want to live the way one student dreamed about it from B. Zakhoder's poem "Petya Dreams". If soap came In the morning to my bed And I myself would have soap, It would be nice! If books and notebooks Learned to be in order, Knew all their places - That would be beauty! I wish life would come then! Know, walk, and rest! Here and my mother would stop, Saying that I am a lazy person!

Wise Owl: Remember: Cleanliness is the best beauty. He who is accurate is pleasant to people.

Bunny-Asker: What does it mean to eat right? Is it a lot and tasty? Wise Owl: Healthy eating is one of the foundations of a healthy lifestyle. A healthy diet should be regular, varied, rich in vegetables and fruits. What does a person eat? What organs help a person to eat? (Digestive organs). How does this process take place? Food enters the mouth, is moistened with saliva, we chew it with our teeth. Further along the esophagus, it enters the stomach. This is where its processing begins. From the stomach it enters the small intestine, where it is finally digested with the help of bile and digestive juices. Digested food through the intestinal wall enters the bloodstream and enters all organs. But not all foods that a person eats are good for health. The school cafeteria prepares meals from healthy products, so you need to eat everything that our chefs have to offer. Proper nutrition is a condition of health, improper nutrition leads to disease.

Teacher: Continue the tale: “Once upon a time there was one king. He had a daughter. She only loved sweets. And trouble happened to her. " - What happened to the princess? - What advice would you give her? (Student responses). - Think about whether you are eating right?

Grandfather-Rhyme expert:

Fruits, vegetables for breakfast Children like it very much. Healthy eating makes your cheeks look red

You need to eat a lot of porridge, Drink kefir and yogurt, And do not forget about the soup, You will be healthy, my dear!

Wise Owl: Studying at school, doing homework is hard work. So that at the same time

As a result of mastering and studying the discipline

"Medical and biological foundations of life safety"

the student must:

know:

· General patterns of the impact of physical factors on a person;

· Major occupational and regional diseases;

· Tasks and principles of hygienic regulation of hazardous and harmful environmental factors.

be able to evaluate and explain :

· Basic laws of formation and regulation of physiological functions of an organism exposed to various unfavorable factors of the environment;

· Combined action of several harmful substances;

· The combined effect of harmful substances and physical factors on a person (noise, vibration, EMF, etc.);

to get skills:

- use of norms of harmful and traumatic factors in specific conditions of production, everyday life and other types of habitat for the preservation and maintenance of human health.

A course of lectures on the discipline "Biomedical fundamentals

Life safety "

Security is an acceptable risk.

Belarusian Railways is an area of scientific knowledge, studying general hazards that threaten every person and develops appropriate methods of protection against them in any conditions of human habitation.

Danger - phenomena, processes, objects, properties of objects that, under certain conditions, can cause damage to human health.

Dangers by their nature are probabilistic (i.e. random), potential (i.e. hidden), permanent (i.e. constant, continuous) and total (i.e. universal). Human health is the natural state of the body, characterizing it by its balance with the environment and the absence of any painful changes.

Health is the main indicator of human life.

Health- a relative concept corresponding to the optimal state of the body. WHO defines it as "A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not just the absence of disease and physical defects."

According to this definition, being healthy is not only not getting sick, but also having positive physical, mental and social well-being, and these aspects are interrelated.

The main indicators of integral health population are:

The level and harmony of physical development

The level of the functional state of the main systems of the body and the degree of tension of regulatory mechanisms, indicating its reserve capabilities,

The body's resistance to various adverse factors.

Health status is an indicator of the final impact of environmental factors on people. This refers to both negative and positive and protective interactions.

WHO notes that in the cumulative impact on public health 50% occupies a way of life, 20% habitat, 20% heredity, 10% quality of health care. But according to the forecasts of scientists in the next 30-40 years, while maintaining the existing trends in the development of the industry, 50-70% of the health of the Russian population will depend on the quality of the environment.

Currently, 4 million toxic substances are registered in the external environment, and their number increases by 7 thousand annually, about 100 thousand xenobiotics enter the human body, more than 80% of diseases are caused by environmental stress.

When analyzing various aspects of the environmental impact on human health, priority is given to risk factors that directly lead to the occurrence of diseases.

From the moment of birth, the body finds itself in completely new conditions for itself and is forced to adapt the activity of all its organs and systems to them. In the course of individual development, the factors affecting the body are constantly changing, which requires constant functional restructuring. Thus, the process of adaptation of an organism to climatic-geographical, industrial, social conditions is a universal phenomenon.

Under adaptation understand all types of innate and acquired adaptive activity, which are provided by certain physiological reactions occurring at the cellular, organ, systemic and organismal levels. Protective-adaptive reactions are regulated by the reflex and humoral pathways, and the main role in these reactions belongs to GNI.

The theory of functional systems, formulated by P.K. Anokhin, contributed to the understanding of the patterns of development of reactions of the whole organism to the changing environment. The systematic approach made it possible to explain how the body, with the help of self-regulation mechanisms, provides optimal vital functions and how they are carried out under normal and extreme conditions.

The self-regulation process is cyclical and is carried out on the basis of the "golden rule" - any deviation from the vital level of any factor serves as an impetus for the immediate mobilization of numerous functional systems, restoring this vital adaptive result.

Such useful adaptive results for the body are: 1 / indicators of the internal environment - the level of oxygen, nutrients, temperature, blood pressure, etc.

2 / results of behavioral activity - food, drink, sex, etc.

3 / the results of social activity - social and individual experience, position in society, etc.

The biological meaning of active adaptation consists in establishing and maintaining the constancy of the internal environment - homeostasis, which allows one to exist in a changed external environment. Homeostasis - the relative dynamic constancy of the internal environment and some physiological functions of the body (thermoregulation, blood circulation, gas exchange, etc.), supported by the mechanisms of self-regulation in conditions of fluctuations of internal and external stimuli.

External stimuli - environmental factors in contact with the human body - physical, chemical, psychogenic.

The main constants of homeostasis (body temperature, osmotic pressure of fluids, etc.) are maintained by self-regulation mechanisms, in which the nervous, endocrine, and sensory systems are involved. The range of fluctuations in the parameters of environmental factors, in which the mechanisms of self-regulation function without physiological stress, is small. When parameters deviate from optimal levels, self-regulation mechanisms begin to function with tension and adaptation mechanisms are activated to maintain homeostasis.

So, adaptation is the process of adaptation of an organism to changing environmental conditions, i.e. natural, industrial and social conditions.

It ensures efficiency, maximum life expectancy and reproductive capacity of the body. If the levels of exposure to factors go beyond the adaptive capabilities of the organism, then additional protective mechanisms are activated that counteract the progression of the pathological process.

Compensatory mechanisms are adaptive reactions aimed at eliminating or weakening functional changes in the body caused by inadequate factors. Compensatory mechanisms are an integral part of the body's reserve forces.

Being highly efficient, they can maintain a relatively stable homeostasis long enough for the development of stable forms of the adaptation process.

The effectiveness of adaptation depends on the dose of the influencing factor and the individual characteristics of the organism. The exposure dose and tolerance depend on hereditary characteristics, the duration and strength (intensity) of the factor.

Stress syndrome under extremely strong influences can transform into pathogenetic and cause the development of diseases.

Knowledge of the essence of the disease and the conditions for its occurrence is an important condition for the prevention of diseases when engaging in physical exercises and sports. But in order to correctly understand the essence of the disease, it is necessary to have a clear understanding of the essence of health.

There is no generally accepted definition of the concept of "health". The most common is the following definition: health is a state of the body in which the functions of all its organs and systems are balanced with the external environment and there are no painful manifestations.

As is clear from this definition, the main sign of health is the high adaptability of the body to the effects of environmental factors. A healthy body is able to endure enormous mental and physical stress, adapt to significant changes in environmental factors, without going beyond physiological fluctuations. This suggests that health is a dynamic state: for each person there are many of its options, because with a change in environmental conditions, the ratio of physiological functions, on which the state of health depends, becomes different.

The high adaptability of a healthy organism to changes in environmental factors is due to the fact that a living organism is a complex self-governing system. The possibilities of self-regulation of the organism, even at the level of the cell, are extremely great. Thus, the cell is capable of automatically adjusting itself to the most advantageous operating mode in continuously changing environmental conditions. For example, in situations in which a modern electronic computer requires 30 hours to calculate the required mode of metabolic processes in a cell (with 1000 operations per second), the cell reacts almost instantly. This allows us to talk about the cybernetics of the living.

It should be borne in mind that the concept of "health", like the concept of "norm", is conditional. This is explained by the fact that the concept of physiological norm for many functions is very broad and is largely determined by the individual characteristics of people: constitution, age, sex, physical fitness, etc. Therefore, certain changes may be pathological for some individuals, and for others corresponding to physiological the norm. For example, blood pressure is below 100 mm Hg. Art. in some cases - a symptom of a disease (hypotension) associated with a violation of the neuroendocrine regulation of the function of the cardiovascular system, in others (in particular, in athletes) - a manifestation of a high level of fitness.

The qualitative originality of the disease is determined to a large extent by the localization of the pathological process. So, with the same reasons for atherosclerotic changes in the walls of arterial vessels, different diseases can develop depending on the location of these vessels (for example, with changes in the vessels of the heart - angina pectoris or myocardial infarction, in the vessels of the brain - stroke).

The transition from health to illness can occur imperceptibly for others and the person who is ill. This is often seen in athletes. Due to the fact that the athlete's compensatory capabilities are very large, he sometimes, being sick, can not only feel good, but also show high sports results for some time.

There can be transitional, or pre-pathological, states between health and illness.

Disease occurs when the body is exposed to excessively strong stimuli or when its ability to adapt to common stimuli is adversely changed. In these cases, morphological and functional changes that are not characteristic of it occur.

There is also no universally accepted definition of the concept of "disease". A disease is considered to be a state of the body in which, under the influence of any damaging influences, the normal life of the body is disrupted, the ability to adapt to changes in environmental conditions is limited, and the ability to work is reduced.

In diseases, both specific and nonspecific changes take place. Specific changes are due to the factor that caused the disease. Such a factor can be, for example, microbes of a certain type, causing peculiar, characteristic changes in the body.

Changes specific to a particular disease in the body are formed at various levels: molecular (hereditary), cellular or tissue (for example, tumors), at the level of disruption of the relationship between the cerebral cortex and subcortical formations (mental illness) and at the level of an organ or organ system ... For nonspecific changes include, for example, standard changes in the function of the anterior pituitary gland and adrenal cortex when exposed to a variety of environmental factors.

Specific and nonspecific changes in diseases are combined with each other. Their significance and proportion in the mechanisms of development of various diseases is not the same and changes throughout the entire disease process.

Specific changes in the whole organism, characteristic of certain diseases, are formed from a variety of specific and nonspecific changes in cells, tissues and organs and represent the transition of quantitative changes to qualitative ones.

Consequently, a disease is not a sum of adaptive reactions and pathological processes, but a qualitatively new state of the whole organism, which is prepared by various quantitative changes that occur in cells, tissues, organs and systems.

Pathogenic stimuli not only cause damage to the body, but also stimulate protective (adaptive) specific and nonspecific reactions through the corresponding receptors. It is often difficult to distinguish pathological changes from adaptive reactions. On this occasion, IP Pavlov wrote: “... in general medicine there are difficulties when you have to distinguish in the picture of a disease that there is a result of damage in it and that there is a result of the body's resistance to this damage. These two categories of phenomena are very confused. It is the business of science and the talent of a doctor to separate them and understand what is a true disease and what is a physiological measure against a disease. "

Thus, illness is a dialectical process. On the one hand, destruction processes take place, on the other, restoration processes. Some of the reactions that arise from this are beneficial, others are harmful. Some need to be supported, others suppressed. The physician's job is to determine which reactions need to be enhanced and which ones to suppress.

The disease, as a nosological unit, is characterized by a typical combination of clinical symptoms and underlying changes in function and structure. If there are any changes in the structure of individual organs, there is always the possibility of developing the disease. However, while its clinical manifestations are absent (i.e., the main features characteristic of this disease have not been revealed), it cannot be argued that it already exists.

Any disease, regardless of the spread and localization of damage to organs and tissues, always affects the whole organism. Isolated diseases of organs and tissues, or so-called local diseases, do not exist, although each disease has certain characteristics.

The concept of "disease" includes a pathological reaction, a pathological process and a pathological condition.

A pathological reaction is a short-term unusual reaction of the body to any stimulus, usually not accompanied by a long-term disability of a person (for example, a short-term increase or decrease in blood pressure under the influence of negative emotions, pain, etc.).

A pathological process is a painful change in function and structure, including various combinations of elementary pathological reactions. It does not represent a definite picture of the disease as a nosological unit and often (a wart, a wart on the skin, etc.) does not cause a decrease in a person's working capacity. There are typical pathological processes (inflammation, fever, etc.), characterized by a certain combination of pathological and protective-physiological reactions. These typical pathological processes are part of various diseases.

A pathological condition is most often a slowly (sometimes rapidly) developing pathological process or its consequence (various congenital deformities, for example, clubfoot, stump after amputation of a limb, blindness after an eye injury, etc.).

Basic concepts of health and a healthy lifestyle that constitute a healthy lifestyle and their characteristics.
Health is a state of complete physical, spiritual (mental) and social well-being, and not just the absence of diseases and physical effects.

Physical health - the natural state of a person, due to the normal functioning of all his organs and systems; it depends on the motor system, on proper nutrition, on the optimal combination of oral and physical work.

Individual health is determined by:

Preservation and development of biological (reproduction), physiological (respiration, nutrition, excretion, blood circulation), psychophysiological (perception, memory, thinking), social (ability to work) functions with the longest active life.

Public health is made up of the health of individuals. Indicators:

general mortality;

average life expectancy;

infant mortality.

Public health is affected by:

Natural factors (environmental pollution, housing environment) and social factors (wages, working hours, working conditions, health care, nutritional status).

A healthy lifestyle includes the following basic elements: a rational regime of work and rest, the eradication of bad habits, an optimal motor regime, personal hygiene, hardening, rational nutrition, etc.

Rational mode of work and rest- an essential element of a healthy lifestyle for any person. With the correct and strictly observed regime, a clear and necessary rhythm of the body's functioning is developed, which creates optimal conditions for work and rest, and thereby contributes to the strengthening of health.
Prevention of bad habits... Elimination of bad habits: smoking, alcohol, drugs. These health impairments are the cause of many diseases, drastically reduce life expectancy, reduce working capacity, and adversely affect the health of the younger generation and the health of their future children. Many people begin their recovery from smoking cessation, which is considered one of the most dangerous habits of a modern person. It is not for nothing that doctors believe that the most serious diseases of the heart, blood vessels, and lungs are directly related to smoking. Smoking not only undermines health, but also takes energy in the most literal sense. As established by experts, within 5-9 minutes after smoking a cigarette alone, muscle strength decreases by 15%, athletes know this from experience and therefore, as a rule, do not smoke. It does not stimulate smoking and mental activity at all. On the contrary, the experiment showed that only because of smoking, the perception of educational material decreases. A smoker does not inhale all the harmful substances in tobacco smoke - about half goes to those who are near them. It is no coincidence that in families of smokers, children suffer from respiratory diseases much more often than in families where no one smokes. Smoking is a common cause of tumors in the mouth, larynx, bronchi and lungs. Continuous and prolonged smoking leads to premature aging. Violation of tissue oxygen supply, spasm of small vessels make the appearance of a smoker characteristic (yellowish tint of the whites of the eyes, skin, premature wilting), and changes in the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract affect his voice (loss of sonority, decreased timbre, hoarseness).

The next challenge is overcoming drunkenness and alcoholism. It has been established that alcoholism has a destructive effect on all human systems and organs. As a result of the systematic consumption of alcohol, an addiction to it develops:

Loss of a sense of proportion and control over the amount of alcohol consumed;

Disruption of the activity of the central and peripheral nervous system (psychosis, neuritis, etc.) and the functions of internal organs.

A change in the psyche that occurs even with episodic alcohol intake (agitation, loss of restraining influences, depression, etc.) determines the frequency of suicides committed while intoxicated.

Alcoholism has a particularly harmful effect on the liver: with prolonged systematic alcohol abuse, the development of alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver occurs. Alcoholism is one of the common causes of pancreatic disease (pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus). Along with the changes affecting the health of the drinker, alcohol abuse is always accompanied by social consequences that harm both those around the patient with alcoholism and society as a whole. Alcoholism, like no other disease, causes a whole range of negative social consequences that go far beyond healthcare and affect, to one degree or another, all aspects of modern society. The consequences of alcoholism include the deterioration of the health indicators of persons who abuse alcoholic beverages and the associated deterioration of the general health indicators of the population. Alcoholism and related illnesses are second only to cardiovascular diseases and cancer as a cause of death.

The next part of a healthy lifestyle is balanced diet... When talking about it, you should remember about two basic laws, violation of which is dangerous to health.

The first law is the balance of received and consumed energy. If the body receives more energy than it consumes, that is, if we receive more food than is necessary for the normal development of a person, for work and well-being, we gain weight. Now more than a third of our country, including children, is overweight. And there is only one reason - excess nutrition, which ultimately leads to atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and a number of other ailments.

The intervals between meals should not be too long (no more than 5-6 hours). It is harmful to eat only 2 times a day, but in excessive portions, because this puts too much stress on the blood circulation. It is better for a healthy person to eat 3-4 times a day. With three meals a day, lunch should be the most satisfying, and dinner should be the lightest.

It is harmful to read while eating, to solve complex and responsible tasks. You cannot rush, eat, burning yourself with cold food, swallow large pieces of food without chewing. Systematic dry food, without hot dishes, has a bad effect on the body. Personal hygiene and sanitation rules must be followed. A person who neglects the diet, over time, threatens the development of such severe digestive diseases as, for example, peptic ulcer, etc. Careful chewing, grinding food to a certain extent protects the mucous membrane of the digestive organs from mechanical damage, scratches and, in addition, promotes rapid penetration juices deep into the food mass. It is necessary to constantly monitor the condition of the teeth and oral cavity.

The first rule in any natural food system should be:

Eating only when you feel hungry;

Refusal to eat for pain, mental and physical ailment, with fever and fever;

Refusal to eat immediately before bedtime, as well as before and after serious work, physical or mental.

It is very important to have free time to digest food. The idea that exercise after meals helps digestion is a blunder.

The meal should consist of mixed foods that are sources of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. Only in this case it is possible to achieve a balanced ratio of nutrients and essential nutritional factors, to ensure not only a high level of digestion and absorption of nutrients, but also their transportation to tissues and cells, and their complete assimilation at the cell level.

Rational nutrition ensures the correct growth and formation of the body, contributes to the maintenance of health, high efficiency and prolongation of life.

Physical activity... An optimal motor regime is the most important condition for a healthy lifestyle. It is based on systematic physical exercises and sports, which effectively solve the problems of strengthening the health and development of the physical abilities of young people, maintaining health and motor skills, and strengthening the prevention of unfavorable age-related changes. At the same time, physical culture and sports are the most important means of education.

It is helpful to walk up the stairs without using the elevator. General physical activity includes morning exercises, physical training, self-service work, walking, work at a summer cottage, etc. The norms of general physical activity are not precisely defined. Some domestic and Japanese scientists believe that an adult should take at least 10-15 thousand steps a day.

The main qualities that characterize the physical development of a person are strength, speed, agility, flexibility and endurance. Improvement of each of these qualities contributes to health improvement, but not to the same extent. You can get very fast by doing short-distance running. Finally, it is very good to become agile and flexible by applying gymnastic and acrobatic exercises. However, with all this, it is not possible to form sufficient resistance to disease-causing effects.

Hardening. For effective recovery and prevention of diseases, it is necessary to train and improve, first of all, the most valuable quality - endurance in combination with hardening and other components of a healthy lifestyle, which will provide a growing body with a reliable shield against many diseases. In Russia, hardening has long been massive. An example is the village baths with steam and snow baths. However, these days most people do nothing to harden themselves and their children. Moreover, many parents, out of fear of catching a cold from the very first days, months of his life, begin to engage in passive protection against colds: they wrap him up, close the windows, etc. Such "care" for children does not create the conditions for good adaptation to the changing temperature of the environment. On the contrary, it contributes to the weakening of their health, which leads to the occurrence of colds. Therefore, the problem of finding and developing effective hardening methods remains one of the most important. But the benefits of hardening from an early age have been proven by enormous practical experience and is based on solid scientific substantiation.

Various methods of hardening are widely known - from air baths to dousing with cold water. The usefulness of these procedures is beyond doubt. It has been known since time immemorial that walking barefoot is a wonderful tempering agent. Winter swimming is the highest form of hardening. To achieve it, a person must go through all the stages of hardening.

The effectiveness of hardening increases with the use of special temperature effects and procedures. The basic principles of their correct application should be known to everyone: systematic and consistent; taking into account individual characteristics, health conditions and emotional reactions to the procedure.

Another effective hardening agent can and should be a contrast shower before and after exercise. Contrast showers train the neurovascular apparatus of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, improving physical thermoregulation, and have a stimulating effect on the central nervous mechanisms. Experience shows the high hardening and health-improving value of a contrast shower for both adults and children. It also works well as a stimulant of the nervous system, relieving fatigue and increasing efficiency.

Health and the environment. It has an important effect on health and the environment. Human intervention in the regulation of natural processes does not always lead to the desired positive results. Violation of at least one of the natural components leads, due to the existing interrelationships between them, to the restructuring of the existing structure of natural-territorial components. Pollution of the land surface, hydrosphere, atmosphere and oceans, in turn, affects the health of people. The effect of the "ozone hole" affects the formation of malignant tumors, air pollution on the state of the respiratory tract, and water pollution on digestion, sharply worsens the general state of human health, and reduces life expectancy. Health received from nature is 50% dependent on the conditions around us.

The body's reactions to pollution depend on individual characteristics: age, gender, health status. As a rule, children, the elderly, the elderly, and the sick are more vulnerable. With a systematic or periodic intake of relatively small amounts of toxic substances in the body, chronic poisoning occurs.

Similar signs are observed in the case of radioactive contamination of the environment.

Adapting to unfavorable environmental conditions, the human body experiences a state of tension, fatigue. Tension is the mobilization of all mechanisms that ensure a certain activity of the human body. Depending on the magnitude of the load, the degree of preparation of the organism, its functional, structural and energy resources, the possibility of the functioning of the organism at a given level decreases, that is, fatigue sets in.

Changes in physiological functions are also caused by other environmental factors and depend on the season, the content of vitamins and mineral salts in food. The combination of all these factors (stimuli of varying effectiveness) has either a stimulating or a depressing effect on a person's well-being and the course of vital processes in his body. Naturally, a person should adapt to natural phenomena and the rhythm of their fluctuations. Psychophysical exercises and hardening of the body help a person to reduce dependence on meteorological conditions and weather changes, contribute to his harmonious unity with nature.

Introduction

A person in the hustle and bustle of his daily life often forgets about himself and his health. He is immersed in the solution of pressing problems. Unfortunately, in the modern world, health care begins only when you feel that this very health is becoming less and less, the disease is knocking down or any age-related diseases begin to develop. That's when we have another pressing problem - our health. While caring for him shouldn't be a problem, it should be a way of life - a healthy way of life.

As a result of the gradual accumulation of centuries of experience in the use of certain therapeutic agents and methods of treatment, very effective means and methods of folk medicine have been developed, collectively called folk medicine. Many of her methods of maintaining and promoting health have been tested for several hundred, or even thousands of years. But there are almost indisputable truths, reasonable commandments, adhering to which from a young age can remain healthy and efficient throughout life.

As you know, a healthy lifestyle presupposes an optimal mode of work and rest, proper nutrition, sufficient physical activity, personal hygiene, hardening, the eradication of bad habits, love for loved ones, a positive outlook on life. It allows you to maintain moral, mental and physical health to a ripe old age.

The state of health of a particular person is also the result of the interaction of the hereditary characteristics of his body with environmental conditions. It is never constant and changes slowly or abruptly towards improvement or deterioration depending on the measures that a person takes to preserve it and current external influences.

General concepts of health

Health is the main value of life, it occupies the highest level in the hierarchy of human needs. Health is one of the most important components of human happiness and one of the leading conditions for successful social and economic development. Realization of intellectual, moral, spiritual, physical and reproductive potential is possible only in a healthy society. According to the experts of the World Health Organization (WHO), health is a state of complete physical, spiritual and social well-being, and not just the absence of disease and physical defects.

According to leading Russian scientists, this definition is vague. For example, A.G. Shchedrin proposes the following formulation: "Health is a holistic multidimensional dynamic state (including its positive and negative indicators), which develops in a specific social and ecological environment and allows a person to carry out his biological and social functions."

Analyzing these formulations, it can be noted that the first of them considers health in statics, as something given, i.e. health or is, or it is not. The second definition represents health in dynamics, shows that health is formed as the body develops; moreover, the definition emphasizes that health is genetically programmed. And whether the program is being implemented depends on specific biological and social factors (i.e., the surrounding biological environment and upbringing), under the influence of which a person will live and develop. Obviously, here we are talking about the fact that although health has innate prerequisites (positive or negative), it is nevertheless formed during a long ontogenesis, starting from the moment of fertilization of the egg (conception).