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Schedule of the summer youth olympic games in argentina. Schedule of the Summer Youth Olympic Games in Argentina Golden Transformer from Voronezh

Presented sports
Biathlon
Bobsled
Skiing
Skating
Ski nordic
Ski race
Ski jumping
Luge
Figure skating
Hockey

Innsbruck is well prepared for the 1964 Winter Olympics. New sports facilities were built and the existing ones were reconstructed. However, the thaw dramatically complicated the atmosphere of the competition. Special services had to move 15,000 cubic meters of snow from the hollows to the toboggan, bobsleigh and ski slopes.

Even due to weather disasters, Olympic Games in Innsbruck were carried out at a very high level. The Olympiad turned out to be a record one both in terms of the number of participants and the breadth of the program. 1,111 athletes, including 197 women, representing 37 countries, 36 teams - the German Democratic Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany were represented by a joint team, fought for awards in 34 competitions in 7 sports. The intense sports struggle brought victories to the representatives of various countries.

In alpine skiing, the Olympians of Austria and France were stronger than others. The sisters Christina and Marielle Goychel played for the French ski team. Christina won the gold medal in slalom and Maryele won the silver. In giant slalom, the sisters switched places.

In cross-country skiing among men, as usual, representatives of the Nordic countries had the advantage. In women's cross-country skiing, all three gold medals were won by athletes from the USSR.

In men's speed skating, representatives of different countries won in each of the four types of competitions. However, the speed skating competition among women brought a real sensation: 9 out of 12 medals won were won by female athletes from the USSR. All 4 gold medals became the property of an outstanding sportswoman of the USSR and the world Lydia Skoblikova... She set three Olympic records at the Innsbruck Olympics. No one in the world has been able to achieve such a result. The world press enthusiastically greeted Skoblikova's success. The Austrian newspaper "Bild", analyzing the reasons for its success, noted: "It combines strength, technique and subtle harmony in movements, which in itself is an art that allows you to achieve such outstanding achievements." The American magazine "Sport Illustrated" called Skoblikova "the best speed skater the world has known."

The pair skating competition among figure skaters also ended with a sensation. No one doubted the victory of the German athletes Kilius and Boimler. They confidently defeated their rivals at major international tournaments. But they won the victory, becoming the first of the USSR athletes to become Olympic champions in figure skating.

Despite strong objections due to the high risk of injury, luge was included in the competition program. The first two places in the united German team were taken by athletes from the GDR, marking the beginning of a series of victories in this sport.

The hockey team of the USSR performed confidently and managed to defeat all rivals. In 8 meetings, the USSR national team players scored 73 goals and conceded only 11 goals.

The victory in the team event was won by the athletes of the USSR national team with 162 points and 25 medals - 11 gold, 8 silver, 6 bronze. The second place was taken by the successful team of Norway, gaining 89.5 points and winning 15 medals - 3 gold, 6 silver, 6 bronze. The third were Austrian athletes with 79 points and 12 medals - 4 gold, 5 silver, 3 bronze.

It's just incredible - our Olympic team won as many as 11 gold medals in the first two days of the 2018 Youth Games in Buenos Aires! Russia is confidently leading in the unofficial medal standings. Victories have been won in sports such as shooting, BMX, swimming, taekwondo, judo and break dance.

Dmitry Simonov from Buenos Aires

The first gold of YOI-2018 Russia was brought by the air rifle shooter Grigory Shamakov. At almost the same time, Valeria Ovchinnikova and Ilya Beskrovny took over all their rivals in BMX competitions. This happened on the starting day of the competition, at about noon local time (six in the evening Moscow time), that is, the Games had lasted only a few hours by that time. And away we go! Five gold medals on Sunday, six on Monday. Total - 11. Need I explain that no one got close to our Olympic team. The winners of the previous two Youth Olympics, the Chinese, had two golds after two days, while their closest pursuer, Hungary, had five.

Days earlier, on a convenient charter flight Moscow - Tenerife - Buenos Aires organized by the ROC, we talked with the director of sports of the Russian Olympic Committee, Andrei Konokotin, and he said that 33 gold medals should be enough for a team victory, according to estimates. Well, if we work according to the current schedule, Russia will win the Games ahead of schedule in six days!

This is, of course, a joke. Still, such medal jerks are always, to a certain extent, a coincidence. On some days there are more "our" sports, on others less. Although there is no need to talk about transcendental luck. No matter how loud it sounds, there could be even more gold medals (and medals in general) than 11! For example, judoka Abrek Naguchev, the clear favorite of competitions in the weight category up to 66 kg, was content with silver - he made an offensive mistake in a duel with the Azerbaijani athlete Vugar Talibov and after the defeat did not rise with the tatami for a long time, unable to hold back tears of disappointment. But the Youth Games are, first of all, an experience, an opportunity not to repeat mistakes in future adult competitions. However, we still have gold in judo - Irena Khubulova (up to 55 kg), who won the final in just 43 seconds.

The main hit of this Olympics in Russia is so far taekwondo, where our boys and girls endure everyone: two victories in the first two days! What country do we have there - football or hockey? No guys, we have a taekwondo country! Young Olympic champions Polina Shcherbakova (up to 44 kg), Dmitry Shishko (up to 48 kg), Elizaveta Ryadinskaya (up to 49 kg) and Grigory Popov (up to 55 kg) will confirm this.

It is super premature to take stock now, but the first conclusions can be drawn. Firstly, the president of the ROC Stanislav Pozdnyakov was right, who shortly before the start of the Games in Argentina said in an interview: the development of sports in the country makes it possible to seriously count on success on the world stage, not only in the adult, but also at the youth level. Secondly, it is obvious that the professionally built process of preparation and provision of conditions for the Russian Olympic team by the ROC and its partners played a role (the general sponsor is the global energy company Gazprom, the general partners are Aeroflot airline and the official outfitter ZASPORT , ROC partner - mining and metallurgical company "Nornickel"). From communication with foreign journalists at the Games, it becomes clear that not all national committees are as sensitive to young men and women as they are to adult professionals. Finally, for the young athletes themselves, patriotism is not an empty phrase, they themselves say this in interviews. And it's great that we can again hear the Russian anthem and see our tricolor at the awards ceremony.

By the way, the public treats everything Russian with warmth - so far at the Games there has not been a single case of provocation or negativity against our country or athletes. The attendance of YOI is also pleasing - queues line up at the arenas, thousands of people come to the Olympic parks, watch competitions or just walk, because in addition to the actual competitions, interesting attractions and entertainment have been created for them.

I already have two gold. And that's just for now

The most anticipated gold awards of YOGI-2018 are from the three-time European champion, twice the world record holder and now the two-time Olympic champion among young men, swimmer Kliment Kolesnikov. On the first day of the Games, he participated in the 4x100 mixed relay. Clement and his team (Andrei Minakov, Polina Egorova, Elizaveta Klevanovich) generally did not allow the entire swim to get close, although they started on the eighth track - in the preliminary rounds the "reserve squad" was swimming. A day later, our junior Olympics standard-bearer won the 100-meter backstroke. But this is just the beginning. Theoretically, Kolesnikov can leave Argentina six times - in front of him, most likely, two individual disciplines and two relay races.

Everything that has planned is working out, - said Kolesnikov after the first victorious swim. - I hope the medal is not the last. But you can't relax, all rivals are strong. I have already made a mistake once - at the recent European Championship, and I don’t want to repeat it.

- How do you like the opening ceremony of the Games?

Was cool. It's nice to fly the Russian flag - it is inspiring when you represent the whole country! It is difficult for me to compare the opening ceremonies of different Olympics - after all, I participated for the first time, and did not look from the outside.

- What can you say about the atmosphere at YOG and the conditions in the Olympic Village?

The arenas are great. But in the village on the first day there were small problems with food - huge queues and not enough food. But then the organizers fixed everything. The food is now different - Italian, Argentine. But there is no Russian cuisine. Wouldn't mind eating dumplings or pancakes!

- What do you plan to do in Argentina after the swimming tournament is over?

After the competition, I immediately fly away, and the other swimmers will stay to rest and be able to see Buenos Aires.

Golden transformer from Voronezh

The break dance tournament (aka breaking) is the main and coolest feature of the 2018 Youth Games, where, in addition to the classics that have survived almost from the times of Ancient Greece, new game disciplines, mutants, are presented, which are more convenient to play in everyday life ( basketball "3 on 3", mini-football, beach handball), and youth sports (street dancing, rock climbing, roller-sport).

In a nutshell about the rules. A fight in breaking is called a battle; at the Olympics, two or four (depending on the tournament stage) rounds are held - with a pause in the middle a minute long. The essence of the round is simple - the athletes perform a short dance. At the same time, the one who does not dance does not leave the site and remains part of the show. Further, five judges in each round give the victory to one of the participants. The dancers are usually called b-boy and b-girl, and they perform not under the usual name and surname, but under a nickname, usually in English. In breaking (as well as, for example, in e-sports), this is the norm: nicknames are indicated in the official start protocols and on the screens at the time of the announcement of the battle results, and also sound at the medal award ceremony. In my opinion, this generally reflects a certain new round in the self-determination of a person in the modern world: you exist under a name that you have chosen yourself (it seems to you comfortable and corresponding to your inner world), and not under a name that was invented without your participation, when you probably haven't even been born yet.

Both Russian dancers - Sergei Bumblеbee Chernyshev and Christina Matina Yashina - were contenders for the highest awards, and the Japanese were considered their main competitors. At the previous major tournament, the Russians took second place, losing to the representatives of Japan, but were full of hopes of beating the main competitors in the most important competition of the year. I must say that both Bumblebee and Matina are strong, well-known athletes in the Russian and world break dance community, their videos are easy to find on Youtube. Chernyshov also participated in the popular TV project "Dances", but by the decision of the show's mentors, his path ended at one of the selection stages: Bumblebee did not get into the final teams and concerts. However, this is not a measure of mastery - "Dances" make rather specific requirements for dancers.

The Olympics developed differently for Chernyshov and Yashina. Both athletes calmly passed the preliminary stage, but already in the semifinals, Bumblebee faced the Japanese. Matina got the Canadian Emma. It seemed that nothing would prevent the Russian woman from meeting the Japanese woman in the final. However, the semifinal battle ended with a sensation - the North American won in an approximately equal fight, and the disappointed Christina was unable to pull herself together for the bronze medal, losing also to the Korean. Most likely, our girl was just worried.

But Bumblebee (the dancer from Voronezh took his nickname from the hero of the blockbuster "Transformers") made a sensation, surpassing the main competitor in the brightest battle of the day. The victory over the Frenchman Martin in the final was already a matter of technique. The first ever Olympic gold, albeit youthful, is leaving for Russia!

"All was decided by the battle of views"

After the victory, our champion talked to journalists for almost 20 minutes. Here are some of his answers (read the full interview on the SE website).

- The coolest and most difficult thing that you did today is a victory over the Japanese in the semifinals?

For me, yes. Our rivalry with him has been going on for a long time. Here I felt the strength in myself. At the Olympics, Russian energy is felt well. You came to represent Russia, the whole country, and not just yourself. This imposes responsibility. And if so, then you can let down many more people who have pinned their hopes on you with an unsuccessful performance. I was very nervous, but as an optimistic person who looks at life with a smile, I suppressed this excitement. And I realized that I would beat him even before the battle. I came out with a definite intention - that I will win. Here, in fact, everything was decided by the battle of views. I just looked at his eyes - and I realized like that Russia ... this is, damn it, Russia! There is nothing more to say. You know, I have never felt such a belonging to my country anywhere before. And this realization helped me. It is an honor for me to play for Russia, and I could not disgrace the country in front of him.

- How do you feel about the fact that now break dance is not just a dance and culture, but a sport? Many people are not used to it.

I am positive. Although there are many haters, it is in our culture. Many dancers thought that the culture would change and people would not be able to see the real break. When all this is driven into the framework of a sport, everything can break down. But there are literate people at the helm here, the founders of the direction as such. They did everything right and beautifully. The fact that breaking comes to sport is only for the better, because it not only does not lose, but also gains a sports component. I've always loved the sporty approach. For example, a judge in a regular battle points to the winner. And then the protocol appears, and the judge can explain why he voted for one or the other. Responsibility is imposed on the judges, on the athletes, and naturally, this brought the break one more step.

- Who do you want to dedicate your victory to?

Father. And he dedicated. He is here. And he didn’t watch my performance, starting from the semifinals, because we need strong nerves, which we don’t have. And when he came up later, I told him: - "This is for you." He's mine ... how to put it. First of all, he is not my father, but my friend, coach, then my father. Three in one for me. Such a relationship still needs to be looked for ... The upbringing that he gave me in life, including in a break, cannot be replaced by anything. He himself is one of the founders of the break in Voronezh, where I come from. In 1998 - 2000 he studied himself, danced, had more than 200 students. I am one of them.

I dedicate the victory to him. Mom. To all my friends and relatives who watched all this in Russia. My Instagram direct and WhatsApp are already torn apart, all the cases. I don’t realize yet, but I really want to get in touch with everyone. Hear "congratulations". And I really want to return. The atmosphere here is cool, everything is very cool, but I do not like to stay in a foreign country for a long time, whatever it may be, and I have traveled a lot. But pulls home. Homeland ... You miss people a lot. THANK YOU VERY MUCH (speaks loudly into the recorder. - Approx. "SE"). Your support was most important to me today!

- The most anticipated question. So why Bumblebee?

When the first Transformers movie came out, I just really loved this character, Bumblebee. I somehow saw myself in him. He's such a rip-off. I also have a lot of spontaneity in my life. Once upon a time it bothers me. I do not like planned strong actions, although sometimes you cannot do without it. But to plan everything - no, it's not about me. Although lately I have learned to redo it into my plus. Both in the break and in life. I have everything on freestyle.

Buenos Aires, Argentina). Youth Olympic Games. Judo. Girls. Up to 53 kg.1. KHUBULOVA. 2. Lhagvasuren (Mongolia). 3. Acosta Batte (Cuba) and Ermagambetova (Uzbekistan).
Swimming. Boys. Back. 100 m.1. KOLESNIKOV. 2. Martin (Romania). Ceccona (Italy).Girls. Back. 100 m.1. VASKINA. 2. MacKion (Australia). 3. White (USA). Combined relay race 4x100 m. 1. China. 2. Australia. 3. RUSSIA (Vaskina, Makarova, Egorova, Klevanovich).
Taekwondo. Boys. Up to 55 kg.1. POPOV. 2. Kang Min Kim (Korea). 3. Karim (Jordan) and Amadou (Niger).Girls. Up to 49 kg.1. RYADNINSKAYA. 2. Gold (USA). Cao Zihan (China) and Ye Chi Li (Korea).
Brakedance. Boys. one.CHERNYSHEV. 2. Martin (France).
​ Shooting. Air gun. 10 m. Girls.1. Bhaker (India). 2. ENINA. 3. Gkhutsiberedze (Georgia).

City selection

Two cities claimed to host the 1928 Summer Olympics: Amsterdam and Los Angeles. The capital of the Netherlands was preferred. 14 members of the IOC voted in favor of this decision, with four against and one abstention. A series of subsequent discussions and repeated votes did not change the results of the first vote. Los Angeles spent.

Preparing for the Games

The 1928 Olympic Games were the first to be held without Pierre de Coubertin as IOC President. In 1925, the 62-year-old founder of the Olympic movement announced his retirement for health reasons. Before leaving, partly disillusioned with the Olympic movement, Coubertin published a "sports testament", in which he once again outlined his concept of the essence of sport: "Professionalism, here it is - the enemy!" His "testament" ended with the following optimistic conclusion: "Despite some disappointments, which in an instant destroyed my best hopes, I believe in the peaceful and moral qualities of sport."

A tradition arose in Amsterdam, which was subsequently never violated: during the Games, a fire burned, lit in Olympia from the sun with the help of a mirror. Runners carried it to Amsterdam, passing it to each other like a baton. They crossed Greece, Yugoslavia, Austria, Germany and the Netherlands.

It was with this Olympics that the sponsorship of the IOC and the famous Coca-Cola concern began.


Coca-Cola stall at the 1928 Olympics in Amsterdam

Symbolism

The posters for the IX Summer Olympics were designed by artist Joseph Rovers.

Two of them are considered to be the main ones. One depicts a marathon runner holding a laurel branch in his hand, a symbol of victory and the Olympic spirit. The three wavy lines at the bottom of the poster - red, white and blue - symbolize the national flag of the Netherlands.

In the other, an athlete is running across the stadium, with an Olympic flag with five rings in the distance.

Member countries

After a 16-year break, athletes from Germany were admitted to the Games. For the first time, athletes from Malta, Panama and Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) took part in the Olympics. The USSR national team did not take part in the 1928 Games.

All countries participating in the 1928 Summer Olympics: Australia, Austria, Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria, Great Britain, Hungary, Germany, Greece, Haiti, Denmark, Egypt, India, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Canada, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes , Cuba, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Monaco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Panama, Poland, Portugal, Rhodesia, Romania, USA, Turkey, Uruguay, Philippines, Finland, France, Czechoslovakia, Chile, Sweden, Switzerland, Estonia, South Africa, Japan.

A total of 2883 athletes from 46 countries took part in the Games.

Athletes from the USA won for a clear advantage. But at the same time, the Americans won medals only in 9 out of 20 sports, but the athletes of the German national team, which was second in the overall standings, achieved success in 16 sports.

The opening ceremony

Traditionally, the head of state was supposed to open the Olympic Games. However, Queen Wilhemina of the Netherlands, a true Christian, resolutely refused to take part in the ceremony, since she considered Olympiad "pagan merrymaking". The games were opened by her husband, Prince Hendrick of Orange. The Queen did not attend the Olympic events at all.


Olympic Stadium in Amsterdam. 1928 Games Opening Ceremony

At the opening ceremony, a traditional parade of athletes took place, and Harry Denis, a Dutch footballer, pronounced the Olympic oath on behalf of the athletes.


The Estonian national team before the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games on July 28, 1928


Denmark national team at the opening ceremony of the Games


UK national team at the parade of participating countries


Cars in a parking lot near the Olympic stadium


Olympic medical staff


Press box at the IX Summer Olympic Games in Amsterdam


The head of the security service with a collection of photographic equipment confiscated from visitors. Photography was only allowed for accredited photographers

Ice hockey (May 17-26) and football (May 27 - June 15) competitions were held prior to the opening ceremony. Therefore, the official start date of the Games is May 17.

Scandals of the IX Summer Olympics

On the eve of the opening of the Games, French athletes led by the Secretary General of the French Athletics Federation Paul Mericamp went to the Amsterdam stadium to get acquainted with the venue of the competition. The watchman tried to keep the French out, although German athletes had entered the stadium a few minutes earlier.

In the course of the dispute that began, Paul Mericamp pushed the watchman, in response he hit the Frenchman in the face with a bunch of keys. The watchman's athletes beat him. As a result, they spent several hours at the police station.

The next day, the same watchman again refused to let the French into the stadium. The French team regarded what was happening as a provocation. To resolve the situation, the intervention of the Dutch Foreign Ministry was required. After that, the organizing committee of the Games made an official apology to the French national team.

They take (begin) their history from 776. BC. They were held in honor of the conclusion of an armistice between Hellas and Sparta. Competitions were held in i different locations in Greece - Olympia (Olympic Games), Delphi (Pythian Games), etc.

The ancient Olympic Games were held until 394. BC. all of them were held (there were 293. The games were held in Olympia on the banks of the Alpheus River.

Only free-born Greeks could participate in the Olympic Games. Slaves and women, as well as barbarians (foreigners) were not allowed to participate in the competition. The names of the winners were engraved on a marble column. The first winner, Koreb from Hellas, is a cook.

The Summer Olympic Games of our time emerged at the end of the 19th century. In 1894, 1,500 years after the ban at the suggestion of the Frenchman Pierre de Coubertin;

(1863 - 1937), which convened the International Sports Congress, the International Olympic Committee was created, the president of which was Coubertin (1895 - 1925). At the congress, the text of the oath of the Olympic Charter was approved. The motto of the Olympic Games is “Faster, Higher, Stronger” The emblem of the Games of the 5 woven rings is the unity of the continents.

In 1914. in Paris, in honor of the twentieth anniversary of the Games, the Olympic flag was raised for the first time.

In the first games, there were 13 countries that competed in 9 sports. There were already 20 countries and 18 sports at the II Games.

Russian athletes first took part in the games (IV) in London in 1908. There were 5 people in the delegation in total. Three won medals. Panin is gold. figure skating, wrestlers Orlov, Petrov - silver.

Soviet athletes first took part in the games in 1952.

Principles, rules and regulations of the Olympic Games

The principles, rules and regulations of the Olympic Games are determined by the Olympic Charter, the foundations of which were approved by the International Sports Congress in Paris in 1894, which, at the suggestion of the French educator and public figure Pierre de Coubertin, decided to organize the Games on the model of the ancient ones and to create the International Olympic Committee (IOC). According to the charter, the Olympic Games “... unite amateur athletes from all countries in fair and equal competition. In relation to countries and individuals, no discrimination on racial, religious or political grounds is allowed ... ”. The Games are held in the first year of the 4-year (Olympic) cycle. The Olympiads have been counted since 1896, when the first Olympic Games took place (I Olympiad - 1896-99). The Summer Olympics also gets its number in those cases when the games are not held (for example, VI - in 1916-19, XII-1940-43, XIII - 1944-47). In the numbering of the Winter Olympics, missed games are not taken into account (the IV Games in 1936 were followed by the V Games in 1948). The symbol of the Olympic Games is five connected rings, symbolizing the unification of the five parts of the world in the Olympic movement, the so-called. Olympic rings. The color of the rings in the top row is blue for Europe, black for Africa, red for America, in the bottom row, yellow for Asia, green for Australia. In addition to Olympic sports, the organizing committee has the right, at its choice, to include in the program demonstration competitions in 1-2 sports not recognized by the IOC. In the same year as the Olympics, the Winter Olympic Games have been held since 1924, which have their own numbering. Since 1994, the dates for the Winter Olympic Games have been shifted by 2 years relative to the summer. The venue of the Olympics is chosen by the IOC, the right to organize them is given to the city, not the country. The duration of the Games is on average 16-18 days. Taking into account the climatic characteristics of different countries, the Summer Games can be held not only in the "summer months". So the XXVII Summer Olympic Games 2000 in Sydney (Australia), due to Australia's location in the Southern Hemisphere, where summer begins in winter, were held in September, that is, in the spring. The Olympic movement has its own emblem and flag, approved by the IOC at the suggestion of Coubertin in 1913. The emblem is the Olympic rings. The motto is Citius, Altius, Fortius (Latin “faster, higher, stronger”). The flag is a white cloth with Olympic rings, since 1920 it has been raised at all Games. Among the traditional rituals of the Games (in the order of their performance):

Grandiose and colorful opening and closing ceremonies of the Games. From year to year, the best of the best from all over the world are involved in the development of scenarios for these spectacles: scriptwriters, organizers of mass shows, special effects specialists, etc. Many famous singers, actors and other important persons strive to take part in this spectacle. The broadcasts of these events break records of viewers' interest every time. Each host country of the Olympics strives to surpass all previous ceremonies in the scope and beauty of these ceremonies. The scripts of the ceremonies are kept in the strictest confidence until they begin. Ceremonies take place in large-capacity central stadiums where athletics competitions are held.

Opening and closing begins with a theatrical performance, which should present the viewers with the appearance of the country and the city, acquaint them with their history and culture.

The ceremonial passage of athletes and members of delegations to the central stadium. Athletes from each country go in a separate group. Traditionally, the first is the delegation of athletes from Greece - the ancestor country of the Games. The other groups are in the order corresponding to the alphabetical order of the names of the countries in the language of the host country of the Games. (Or in the official language of the IOC - French or English). In front of each group is a representative of the host country carrying a plaque with the name of the respective country in the language of the host country of the Games and in the official languages ​​of the IOC. Behind him, at the head of the group, is the standard bearer - usually an athlete participating in the games, carrying the flag of his country. The right to fly the flag is highly honorable for athletes. As a rule, this right is trusted by the most titled and respected athletes.

Greeting speeches by the President of the IOC (required), the head or official representative of the state in which the Games are held, sometimes by the mayor of the city or the chairman of the Organizing Committee. At the end of the speech, the latter should say the words: "(the sequence number of the games) I declare the summer (winter) Olympic Games open." After that, as a rule, a volley of guns and many salutes of salute and fireworks are fired.

Raising the flag of Greece as the ancestor country of the Games with the performance of its national anthem.

Raising the flag of the host country of the Games with the performance of its national anthem.

One of the outstanding athletes of the country in which the Olympics take place, the Olympic oath on behalf of all participants in the games about fair fight in accordance with the rules and principles of sports and the Olympic spirit (in recent years, words have also been uttered about the non-use of prohibited drugs - doping);

The swearing of an oath of impartial judgment by several judges on behalf of all judges;

Raising the Olympic flag with the performance of the official Olympic anthem.

Sometimes - raising the flag of Peace (a blue cloth, which depicts a white dove holding an olive branch in its beak - two traditional symbols of Peace), symbolizing the tradition of ending all armed conflicts during the Games.

The opening ceremony is crowned with the lighting of the Olympic flame. The fire is lit from the sun's rays in Olympia (Greece) in the Temple of the pagan Greek god Apollo (in ancient Greece, Apollo was considered the patron saint of the Games). The "High Priestess" of Hera says a prayer of the following content: "Apollo, the god of the sun and the idea of ​​light, send your rays and light the sacred torch for the hospitable city ... (name of the city)." “The Olympic torch relay was held all over the world until 2007. Now, for the purpose of the anti-terrorist campaign, the torch is carried only in the country in which the games are held. relay races to pass the fire on. The relay race is of great interest in all countries through which the path of the Olympic flame lies. To carry the torch is considered a great honor. The first part of the relay race runs through the cities of Greece. The last part of the relay race passes through the cities of the host country. On the opening day of the Games, the torch is delivered to the host city. Athletes of this country deliver the torch to the central stadium at the very end of the ceremony. At the stadium, the torch rushes in a circle several times passing from hand to hand until it is given to the athlete who has been entrusted with the right to light the Olympic flame. This right is the most honorable The fire is ignited in a special bowl, the design of which is unique for each Olympiad. s. Also, the organizers always try to come up with an original and interesting way of lighting. The bowl is located high above the stadium. The fire must be lit throughout the Olympics and extinguished at the end of the closing ceremony.

Presentation of medals to the winners and prize-winners of the competition on a special podium with the raising of state flags and the performance of the national anthem in honor of the winners.

During the closing ceremony, there are also: a theatrical performance - farewell to the Olympics, the passage of participants, a speech by the IOC President and a representative of the host country. However, the President of the IOC has already announced the closure of the Olympics. This is followed by the performance of the national anthem, the Olympic anthem, while the flags are lowered. The representative of the host country solemnly hands over the Olympic flag to the President of the IOC, who in turn hands it over to the representative of the Organizing Committee of the next Olympiad. This is followed by a short introduction to the next city that will host the Games. At the end of the ceremony, the Olympic flame is slowly extinguished to the accompaniment of lyrical music.

Since 1932, the host city has been building the "Olympic Village" - a complex of living quarters for the participants of the games.

The organizers of the Games are developing the Olympic symbols - the official emblem and mascot of the Games. The emblem usually has a unique design, stylized according to the characteristics of the given country. The emblem and mascot of the Games are an integral part of the souvenir products produced in large quantities on the eve of the Games. The proceeds from the sale of souvenirs can make up a large part of the income from the Olympics, but they do not always cover the costs.

According to the charter, the Games are competitions between individual athletes and not between national teams. However, since 1908, the so-called. unofficial team scoring - determining the place occupied by teams by the number of medals received and points scored in competitions (points are awarded for the first 6 places according to the system: 1st place - 7 points, 2nd - 5, 3rd - 4, 4 -e - 3, 5th - 2, 6th - 1). The title of Olympic champion is the most honorable and desirable in the career of an athlete in those sports for which Olympic tournaments are held. See Olympic sports. The exceptions are football, baseball, and other game sports held in open areas, since either youth teams (football - up to 23 years old) take part in them, or not the strongest players come because of the tight game schedule.

IX Olympic Winter Games were held in Innsbruck from January 29 to February 9, 1964.

Representatives of Austria have always taken an active part in the work of the Olympic Movement and the IOC, and very much hoped to bring the 1960 Games to Innsbruck. For this, they began to build a new ice arena, a speed skating rink, ski lifts and jumping jumps, as well as roads, hotels, restaurants and bridges. After the victory of the American Squaw Valley in Austria, they were very upset. But they did not despair, but continued their preparation. And so by the decision of the 55th session of the IOC, the city of Innsbruck, the capital of the Tyrolean region, was chosen as the host city of the IX Winter Olympic Games. The rivals of the Austrian city - Canadian Calgary and Finnish Lahti - got 12 and 1 votes, respectively, against 55 votes for Innsbruck.

Innsbruck was well prepared for the Games, new sports facilities were built and the existing sports facilities were reconstructed. However, the thaw dramatically complicated the atmosphere of the competition. The special services, which consisted mainly of the military, had to move 15,000 cubic meters of snow from the hollows to the toboggan, bobsleigh and ski slopes. The snow cover had to be restored literally with our own hands and feet. As a result, the competition was held at a very high level.


Snow delivery to the Olympic venues in Innsbruck

The 1964 Winter Games attracted a record number of spectators - over a million people visited Innsbruck's sports venues in 12 days. Alpine skiing and ice hockey competitions were especially popular with the fans.

The 1964 Winter Olympics became the largest in history. More than a thousand athletes (including 197 women) from 37 countries took part in it. For the first time, teams from Mongolia, India and the DPRK came to the games. And the teams of the GDR and the FRG acted as a united front, so there were officially 36 teams at the Olympics.

The emblem of the Games features the coat of arms of the city of Innsbruck. The coat of arms depicts a bridge over the river Inn, from which the city of Innsbruck was named. The bridge connects the old town with the Hötting area.

12 artists from Austria took part in the competition for the best poster of the Olympics. But the victory went to only one. Wilhelm Jarushka presented the symbol of the Olympics in the form of a stylized snowflake on a black background, in the central ray of which the Olympic rings are inscribed.

For the first time in the program of the Winter Olympics, luge has appeared, and bobsleigh competition has returned. 34 sets of medals were competed in 10 sports, including biathlon, bobsleigh, alpine skiing, figure skating, ski jumping, ice skating, cross-country skiing, combined skiing, luge and ice hockey.

The USSR national team, represented in Innsbruck by 69 athletes (52 men and 17 women), confidently won the overall standings of the Games for the third time in a row. Soviet athletes have won 25 medals (11 gold, 8 silver and 6 bronze). The second place was taken by the hosts of the competition, the Austrians (4-5-3), and the third - by the Norwegian team (3-6-6). Representatives of the Soviet Union national team took part in all types of the Olympic program, except for single figure skating, luge and bobsleigh.

For the first time in the history of the Games, the Olympic flame in honor of the Winter Olympics was lit in ancient Olympia in the Sacred Grove near the Temple of Hera. This event took place on January 22, 1964. The High Priestess, accompanied by the priestesses of the Temple of Hera, transferred the Olympic flame to the building of the Olympic Academy and handed it over to the representatives of Innsbruck, the host city of the IX Winter Olympic Games in 1964. This solemn ceremony was attended by Crown Prince Constantine, representatives of state and church organizations of Greece, heads of the IOC and NOC of Greece, the Austrian Ambassador to Greece and other officials and guests of honor. The national anthems of Austria were performed in Greece, the head of the Austrian delegation made a short speech of thanks.


Olympic torch of the Games in Innsbruck 1964


Olympic torch relay

During the day, the Olympic flame was stored in the building of the NOC of Greece and on January 23, 1964, an escort of 16 people delivered the Olympic torch to the airport of Athens. The plane headed for Vienna. On January 24, 1964, the Olympic flame arrived in Innsbruck, the Olympic stadium of which was decorated with the National flags of the 36 countries participating in the Games.

The opening ceremony of the IX Olympic Games took place on January 29, 1964. The solemn speech was made by Adolf Scherf - at that time the President of the Austrian Republic.

After the parade participants emerged and lined up, fanfares and timpani sounded on the Olympic arena. To the sound of the Olympic anthem, the IOC flag was raised on the flagpole, and at the same time a fire was lit in the Olympic bowl of the arena. Then the Austrian bobsledder Paul Aste pronounced the Olympic oath and fireworks were fired.

The famous speed skater, four-time Olympic champion Evgeny Grishin was the standard bearer of the USSR national team.

The opening ceremony of the IX Winter Olympic Games in 1964, which lasted about one and a half hours, was attended by over 1200 people representing 36 countries participating in the Games.

First, the traditional parade of the participating countries took place. In front of their teams were standard-bearers with the national flags of their countries. After the parade, IOC President Avery Brandedge, accompanied by two Tyrolean guards, ascended the podium for the guests of honor and announced the closure of the IX Winter Olympic Games. The Olympic flame went out, the Games went down in history ...

For the first time in the history of the Olympic Movement, Innsbruck has been awarded the honor for adherence to the principles of nobility. It was received by the Italian bobsledder Eugenio Monti, who was in the lead in the two-man bobsleigh competition with Sergio Siopres. He gave the securing bolt of his bob to competitors - Robin Dixon and Anthony Nash from Great Britain, who were left without a spare part during the descent. As a result, the British celebrated the victory, and Monty was left with the bronze.

At the IX Winter Olympic Games, for the first time in alpine skiing, the time of the participants began to be recorded to the hundredth of a second, which made it possible to avoid a large number of identical results.

On the opening day of the Games, silver medals in pair skating were won by West German figure skaters Marika Kilus and Hans-Jürgen Baumler. Two years later, they were disqualified and deprived of awards, as it turned out that before the start of the Olympics, the athletes entered into a professional contract, although the IOC rules prohibited professional athletes from participating in competitions. After another 21 years, the athletes managed to prove that before the Olympics-64 they had never performed at professional tournaments. In December 1987, by the decision of the IOC, the medals were returned to them.

Original: http://olimp-history.ru/node/368

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