What is the land satellite. The Moon is the Earth's satellite. Natural Satellites Planets of the Solar System: Interesting Facts

Wisdom says that "wherever each of us is, we will always see one moon ..."

Eternal satellite land

Our planet is one of the wonders of the Universe, which mankind, despite the great minds and the latest technology, has not yet studied. Perhaps, we didn't even know half of those secrets that land. And one of the questions that worry our researchers is not one century: "How many natural satellites near the earth?".

At first glance, this question has a single answer: since childhood they taught that the moon is a natural land satellite. But is it really? Can others be located near the planet while satellites unfamiliar to us?

The moon has long been the subject of worship, fear and surprise of a person. Today we can confidently say how the moon looks like and what substances enter the main composition of its surface. However, it still remains a secret, which, perhaps, mankind once gives away, because the natural satellite of the planet Earth continues to study.

Numerous moons

In fact, the moon is far from the only one in the universe. Each of the planets of our solar system has a certain number of its natural satellites. The land can boast only one "partner", but the Jupiter has them as much as 63! The biggest one is called Ganymed.

The satellite of the Pluto, which was named Charon, is so large compared to the planet itself that the astronauts initially took this "pair" for a double planet.

The smallest satellite found in the solar system is the dactyl. This kid with a diameter of everything in Mile is a satellite is not a planet, but asteroid. But previously scientists were confident that only the planets can have a satellite! Dactyl has successfully denied this theory.

History "Birth of" Moon

Under the suggestions of scientists, the land of billions of years ago faced with another planet called they. For reference: in mythology, the mother of the goddess of the Moon of Selena. As a result of the most powerful collision, two planets merged into one, and fragments broken from the heavenly body were soon formed to the satellite. This explained a lot, but most recently, in 2016, scientists denied this theory. The thing is that the heavy potassium isotopes found on the moon could appear only as a result of exposure to incredibly high temperatures. The collision that caused such an effect would lead to the evaporation of a significant part of the Earth.

It is interesting! Samples of our moon indicate that once it was covered by acting volcanoes.

In the book Blavatsky "Secret Doctrine" there is a theory that the moon older than the Earth. It was she who gave their energy and the strength of our planet, and herself turned into her lifeless shadow. This theory is based on the chronology of the Hindus.

In 2017, Virtual Ufolog George Graham published a new theory about the purpose of the natural satellite of the Earth: they say, inside the heavenly body hollow and inhabit its aliens. Grahham theory is based on the satellite surface images made by the NASA orbital station, on which there is an image of artificial objects of the right shape.

Another moon of land

Today, researchers are confident that the billions of years ago, our land had two moon. As you know, the moon is considered to be a body formed from the collision of the Earth with the they. This theory explained the difference in its parties. So, one side visible to us constantly has a smooth surface formed by the frozen lava, and the second, on the contrary, is covered with multiple mountains. In addition, its bark is much thicker, and rare elements predominate in its composition.

Today, scientists decided to expand the hypothesis, suggesting that once the land was accompanied by two satellites at once, the collision of which dismissed the lava flows to the visible hemisphere. Of course, this is just the theory, but almost the entire scientific story of our world is theory.

"Capture" planets

In 2006, the observers discovered the object rotating around the Earth, which, as it turned out after the inspection, was a natural cosmic body. Despite its modest sizes (just a few meters in diameter), the asteroid qualified as a full-fledged satellite. But until 2007, he left the Earth's orbit.

Experts explain that these temporary satellites are normal. Regularly near the Earth, asteroids of small sizes are found, which after time disappear from orbit. The reasons for such visits are the force of attraction of the Earth and the Moon. Touching each other, they capture other space bodies. As it turned out, our planet always accompanies some temporary satellite.

Mysterious Lilit

Each of us knows how the natural satellite of the Earth is called. Natural and only. But at the end of the 19th century, Astrologer Georg Waltemat from Hamburg said that he discovered a whole system of small satellites of the Earth. One of them, according to Waltemam, in diameter reached 700 km and was rarely visible to the naked eye.

In winter, the same year, mail employees in Germany really saw a dark object that passed through the sun. But experts, at the same time watching the night sky from the other part of Germany and Austria, stated that they did not see anything in the sun but spots.

Nevertheless, in 1918, Walter Minold again "opened" satellite Waltemam, calling him Lilith. He believed that the masses of the moon and the Lilith were equal to each other, but the last to detect in the sky is very difficult. But today, scientists consider his assumptions incorrect, since another satellite with a similar mass cause a certain reaction from the moon.

It is noteworthy that in astrology there is a concept as a black moon. It is used when calculating the horoscope astrologers and belongs to esoteric characters.

Other Earth satellites

Scientists did not try to figure out one hundred years old, whether the earth had natural satellites that are invisible to the armed eye, but their orbits are in resonance with our planet (resonance - oscillation of two bodies in unison). Multiple studies confirmed that our moon is not the only natural satellite, which is near the ground.

Despite the fact that only the moon is a full-fledged natural satellite of the Earth, astronomers often notice other space bodies in the orbit of our planet - the above temporary satellites. But there are several so-called quasispatnikov.

What is quasispatnikov? This term is called space objects that are in resonance with the orbit of the planet, which allows them for a long time to be near it.

To date, together with the Moon, the land has as many as eight satellites. Six of them are considered quasispotnikov, and one more belongs to the class of Trojan asteroids. Initially, they rotated around the sun, but then the earth were attracted and are now being with her in resonance 1: 1. As a result of asteroids, together with our planet, make a simultaneous circle around the sun.

The peculiarity of quasispotnikov consists of their degree of deviation from the outside and inclination relative to the plane of the planet. In addition, they are always at the same distance from the ground. True, their "loyalty" is unstable, and over time they can break the gravitational tandem, which is sometimes at a hundred years.

Quasisphene cruiser

The largest quasispotnik, belonging to the rare spectral class Q, opened in 1986. Crewney reaches 5 kilometers in diameter and has a very strange orbit form. When observing it, it seems to be the impression that it moves hiking. At the same time, Krotnes crosses the orbits not only our planet, but also Venus, and Mars.

Every year, in November, Kruchney approaches the ground at a very close distance, 30 times larger than the distance to the moon. You can see him with a naked eye - he resembles a dim star. The nature of the crackers astronomers have not yet found out.

Duden - Space Baby

Quasispotnik Duorde (so called creatures from Spanish folklore, resembling a variety of elves or dwarves) is the smallest satellite of the Earth. It was opened in 2012. Despite its small sizes (about 30 meters in diameter), Duende as close as possible approaching the Earth. It is believed that his approach in 2013 and flight over the ground of the bar is somehow connected, but this opinion is not confirmed.

Attention! In 2016, another satellite was opened near the Earth, the diameter of which does not exceed hundreds of meters. He will accompany our planet a few more centuries, and then move away from her. The trajectory of his movement resembles a frog jump, as researchers say.

Conclusion

Other temporary satellites of the Earth have no names - only numbers. These are satellites that were open recently and for some time will be present near our planet. How much - no one knows exactly.

Satellites and planets of the solar system

Natural satellites planets play a colossal role in the life of these space objects. Moreover, even we people are capable of feeling the influence of the only natural satellite of our planet - the moon.

Natural satellites of the planets of the solar system for a long time caused live interest among astronomers. To date, scientists are engaged in studying them. What are these space objects?

Natural satellites planets are the cosmic bodies of natural origin that rotate around the planets. The most interesting for us is the natural satellites of the planets of the solar system, as they are in close proximity to us.

In the solar system, only two planets do not have natural satellites. This is Venus and Mercury. Although it is assumed that Earlier, Mercury had natural satellites, however, this planet in the process of their evolution lost them. As for the rest of the planets of the solar system, each of them has at least one natural satellite. The most famous of them is the moon, which is the faithful cosmic fellow worker of our planet. Mars has, Jupiter -, Saturn -, Uranus -, Neptune. Among these satellites, we can detect how very unsolvable objects consisting mainly of stone and very interesting specimens that deserve separate attention and which we will speak below.

Satellite classification

Scientists share satellites planets for two types: satellites of artificial origin and natural. Satellites of artificial origin or, as they are also called, artificial satellites are spacecraft created by people who allow you to observe the planet, near which they rotate, as well as other astronomical objects from space. Usually artificial satellites are used to observe weather, radio broadcasts, changes in the relief of the surface of the planet, as well as for military purposes.

ISS - the largest artificial satellite

It should be noted that satellites of artificial origin are not only in the earth, as many people think. More than a dozen artificial satellites created by humanity rotates around the two planets closest to us - Venus and Mars. They allow you to observe climatic conditions, amending the relief, as well as to obtain other relevant information regarding our cosmic neighbors.

Ganymed - the largest satellite in the solar system

The second category of satellites is the natural satellites of the planets, presents great interest in this article. Natural satellites differ from artificial in that they were created not by man, but the very nature. It is believed that most of the satellites of the solar system are asteroids that were captured by the gravitational forces of the planets of this system. Subsequently, the asteroids took a spherical shape and as a result began to rotate around the planet, which captured them as a permanent companion. There is also a theory that suggests that the natural satellites of the planets are the fragments of these planets themselves, which for one time or another will fall from the planet itself in the process of its formation. By the way, according to this theory, there was a natural satellite of the Earth - the moon. This theory confirms the chemical analysis of the composition of the moon. He showed that the chemical composition of the satellite is practically no different from the chemical composition of our planet, where there are the same chemical compounds as on the moon.

Interesting facts about the most interesting satellites

One of the most interesting natural satellites of the planets of the solar system is a natural satellite. Charon, in comparison with Pluto, is so huge that many astronomers call these two space objects are not otherwise like a double dwarf planet. Planet Pluto is just twice as many of its natural satellite.

Live interest astronomers cause a natural satellite. Most natural satellites of the planets of the solar system consist mainly from ice, stone or both of these components, as a result of which they do not have an atmosphere. However, the titanium has it, and quite dense, as well as lakes from liquid hydrocarbons.

Another natural satellite, which gives hope scientists for finding extraterrestrial forms of life is the satellite of Jupiter -. It is believed that under the thick layer of ice, which covers the satellite, is the ocean, inside of which thermal sources act - exactly the same as on earth. Since some deep-water forms of life on Earth exist due to these sources, it is believed that similar forms of life can exist in titanium.

The planet Jupiter has another interesting natural satellite -. IO is the only satellite of the planet of the solar system, on which the agtersophysic scientists first discovered the acting volcanoes. For this reason, it is of particular interest to space researchers.

Studies of natural satellites

Studies of natural satellites of the planets of the solar system were interested in the minds of astronomer scientists for a long time. Since the invention of the first telescope, people actively studied these celestial objects. The breakthrough of the development of civilization made it possible not only to open the enormous number of satellites of various planets of the solar system, but also to step up a person to the main, the nearest to us, the satellite of the Earth - the moon. On July 21, 1969, the American astronaut Neil Armstrong, together with the Spacecraft team, Apollo-11 first stepped on the surface of the Moon, which caused his babies in the hearts of the then humanity and is still considered one of the most important and significant events in the development of space.

In addition to the moon, scientists are actively engaged in the study of other natural satellites of the planets of the solar system. For this, astronomers use not only visual and radar observation methods, but also use modern spacecraft, as well as artificial satellites. For example, the spacecraft "" for the first time put the pictures of several largest satellites of Jupiter: ,. In particular, thanks to these pictures, scientists were able to fix the presence of volcanoes on the IO satellite, and the ocean on Europe.

To date, the World Community of Space Researchers continues to actively engage in the study of natural satellites of the planets of the solar system. In addition to various state programs, private projects also exist aimed at studying these space objects. In particular, the world-famous American company "Google" is now developing a tourist lunost, in which many people could take a walk through the moon.

The Earth's satellite is any object that moves along the curved path around the planet. The moon is the original, natural satellite of the Earth, and there are many artificial satellites, usually on a close orbit to the ground. The path for which the satellite passes is an orbit that sometimes takes the shape of a circle.

Content:

To understand why satellites are moving in this way, we must return to our friend Newton. There is between any two objects in the universe. If it were not for this power, the satellite moving near the planet would continue to move at the same speed and in the same direction - in a straight line. However, this straight line inertial path of the satellite is balanced by a strong gravitational attraction directed towards the center of the planet.

Orbits of artificial satellites of the Earth

Sometimes an artificial satellite orbit looks like an ellipse, crushed circle that moves around two points, known as tricks. The same basic laws of movement are used, except that the planet is in one of the focus. As a result, the pure force applied to the satellite is not uniform all over the orbit, and the satellite speed is constantly changing. It moves faster than everything when he is closest to the ground - the point, known as Peria - and the slowest, when it is farther from the ground - a point known as apogee.

There are many different satellite orbits of the Earth. Those who get the most attention are geostationary orbits, as they are stationary over a certain point of land.

The orbit selected for the artificial satellite depends on its use. For example, a geostationary orbit is used for direct broadcasting television. Many communications satellites also use geostationary orbit. Other satellite systems, such as satellite telephones, can use low-seated orbits.

Similarly, satellite systems used for navigation, such as the NAVSTAR or Global Positioning system (GPS) occupy a relatively low orbit of the Earth. There are also many other types of satellites. From meteorological satellites, to satellites for research. Each of them will have their own orbit type depending on its application.

The actual chosen orbit of the Earth satellite will depend on the factors, including its function, and from the area in which it should serve. In some cases, the Earth's satellite orbit can reach 100 miles (160 km) for the LEO low-bit orbit, while others can achieve more than 22,000 miles (36,000 km), as in the case of GEO-orbital orbit.

First Artificial Satellite of Earth

The first artificial satellite of the Earth was launched on October 4, 1957 by the Soviet Union and was the first artificial satellite in history.

Satellite 1 was the first of several satellites launched by the Soviet Union in the Satellite program, most of which were successful. Satellite 2 followed the second satellite in orbit, as well as the first to carry the animal on board, bitch named Like. The first failure was satellite 3.

The first satellite of the Earth had an approximate weight of 83 kg, had two radio broadcasts (20,007 and 40.002 MHz) and rotated in the orbit of the Earth at a distance of 938 km from its apogee and 214 km at their perigee. The analysis of radio signals was used to obtain information on the concentration of electrons in the ionosphere. The temperature and pressure were encoded during the duration of the radio signals that it radiated, which indicates that the satellite was not perforated with a meteorite.

The first satellite of the Earth was an aluminum sphere with a diameter of 58 cm, having four long and thin antennas with a length of 2.4 to 2.9 m. Antennas looked like long mustache. The spacecraft received information about the density of the upper layers of the atmosphere and the distribution of radio waves in the ionosphere. Instruments and sources of electrical energy were placed in a capsule, which also included radio transmitters operating at 20.007 and 40.002 MHz (about 15 and 7.5 m at the wavelength), emissions were made in alternative groups of 0, 3 due to duration. Telemetry grounding included temperature data inside and on the surface of the sphere.

Since the sphere was filled with nitrogen under pressure, the "satellite 1" appeared the first opportunity to detect meteorites, although it did not find it. Pressure loss inside, due to penetration on the outer surface, was reflected in the temperature data.

Types of artificial satellites

Artificial satellites are of different species, shapes, sizes and play different roles.

Weather satellites Helps meteorologists to predict the weather or see what is happening at the moment. A good example is the geostationary operational ecological satellite (GOES). These land satellites usually contain cameras that can return photos of terrestrial weather, or from fixed geostationary positions, or from polar orbits.
Communication satellites allow you to transfer telephone and informational conversations through the satellite. Typical communication satellites include Telstar and Intelsat. The most important feature of the communication satellite is a transponder - a radio receiver that takes a conversation at one frequency, and then enhances it and re-transmits back to the ground at another frequency. The satellite usually contains hundreds or thousands of transponders. Communication satellites are usually geosynchon.
Broadcast satellites Transmit television signals from one point to another (similar to communication satellites).
Scientific satellites, such as the Hubble Space Telescope, perform all sorts of scientific missions. They look at everything from solar spots to gamma rays.
Navigation satellites Help ships and aircraft to move. The most famous are GPS Navstar satellites.
Rescue satellites react to radio interference signals.
Earth observation satellites Check the planet for changes in everything: on temperature, frosting, to the coating of ice cover. The most famous are Landsat series.
Military satellites The lands are in orbit, but most of the actual status information remains secret. Satellites may include an encrypted communication relay, nuclear monitoring, monitoring movement monitoring, early warning on launch missiles, overheard of ground radar, radar visualization and photography (using, in essence, large telescopes that are photographed interesting areas in militarily).

Earth with a real-time artificial satellite

Earth images from an artificial satellite transmitted in real-time NASA with an international space station. Images are captured by four high-resolution cameras isolated from low temperatures, which allows us to feel closer to space than ever.

Experiment (HDEV) on board the ISS was activated on April 30, 2014. It is installed on the external cargo mechanism of the COLUMBUS module of the European Space Agency. This experiment includes several high-definition video cameras that are enclosed in the case.

Advice; Place the player in HD and full screen. There are cases when the screen is black, it can be for two reasons: the station passes through the orbit zone, where it is at night, orbit lasts about 90 minutes. Either the screen darkens when the cameras are changing.

How many satellites in the Earth Earth 2018?

According to the object of objects launched into the outer space, which is conducted by the United Nations Office on Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA), currently in the orbit of the Earth about 4,526 satellites, which is 4.39% more than last year.

221 Satellite was launched in 2015, which is the second largest in one year, although it is lower than a record number of 240, launched in 2014. The increase in the number of satellites rotating around the Earth is less than the number launched last year, since satellites have a limited life expectancy. Large communication satellites from 15 or more years, while small satellites, such as Cubesat, can only count on service life of 3-6 months.

How many of these orbital satellites of the Earth works?

Union of scientists (UCS) clarifies which of these orbital satellites work, and it is not so much as you think! Currently, there are only 1,419 operational satellites Earth, just one third of the total number in orbit. This means that there is a lot of useless metal around the planet! That is why there is a great interest from companies that look like they capture and return space trash, using such methods such as space networks, slingshots or solar sails.

What do all these satellites do?

According to UCS, the main goals of operating satellites are:

Communication - 713 satellites
Earth observation / Science - 374 satellites
Technological demonstration / Development using 160 satellites
Navigation & GPS - 105 satellite
Space science - 67 satellites

It should be noted that some satellites have several goals.

Who belongs to the Earth satellites?

It is interesting to note that in the UCS database there are four main types of users, although the ownership of 17% of satellites has several users.

94 satellites are registered with civilians: they are usually educational institutions, although there are other national organizations. 46% of these satellites have a goal of developing technologies, such as land science and space. Observation make up another 43%.
579 belong to commercial users: commercial organizations and government organizations that want to sell data collected by them. 84% of these satellites are focused on communications and global positioning; From the remaining 12% - satellites of observation of the Earth.
401 Satellite belongs to public users: Mostly national space organizations, as well as other national and international bodies. 40% of them - communication satellites and global positioning; Another 38% focused on the observation of the Earth. From the remaining - the development of space science and technology is 12% and 10%, respectively.
345 satellites belong to the military: the connection, observation of the Earth and the global positioning system, is concentrated here, and 89% of satellites have one of these three purposes.

How many satellites have countries

According to UNOOSA, about 65 countries launched satellites, although the UCS database contains only 57 countries registered using satellites, and some satellites are listed with joint / multinational operators. The biggest:

USA with 576 satellites
China with 181 satellites
Russia with 140 satellites
The United Kingdom is indicated as having 41 satellite, plus participates in additional 36 satellites, which has a European Space Agency.

Remember when you look!
The next time you look at the night sky, remember that between you and the stars there are about two million kilograms of metal surrounding the Earth!

The science

Our solar system has a huge number of different cosmic bodies, among which are 200 large satellites rotating around the main planets, dwarf planets and even around asteroids. Many of these satellites have curious features. In this article you can get acquainted with the 10 most interesting satellites of our star system and learn about their features.

1) Neret, Neptune satellite

Neret was opened in 1949 Gerard Koyper. This is the third satellite neptune. It has the most eccentric orbit from all satellites of the solar system. Because of this, the distance between the planet and its satellite varies greatly. The satellite can take care of Neptune closest to 1.4 million kilometers. Further, he can retire to a distance of 9.6 million kilometers. To make one turn around Neptune, considering such a distant distance from it, it takes 360 terrestrial nights.

2) Mimas, Saturna satellite

This small satellite was opened in 1789 William Gershel. The average diameter of this object is about 400 kilometers. The MIMAS is notable for the fact that on its surface there is a gigantic crater with a diameter of about 130 kilometers and a depth of 10 kilometers. Herschel is not the largest crater of satellites of the solar system, but it is very unusual. Crater covers one-third of the surface of the Mimas and makes it look like a star of death from the Star Warrior.

3) IPPER, Saturn Saturn

Discovered in 1671 Giovanni CassiniSaturna Saturn Japtened was recognized as one of the strange satellites of the solar system. The diameter of the Japite is an average of 1,460 kilometers. A distinctive feature of this satellite is that it has sections of different color, which differ in different ways. One half of the planet is black as coal, when as another half is exceptionally light and bright. Because of this, we can observe the satellite only when it appears on one side of the planet. On Jappie also has a mountain range - an equatorial mountain ring, which reaches a height of about 10 kilometers and is looking for an object according to its equator. Scientists have advanced 2 hypotheses explaining the appearance of these mountains. According to one version, the ring was formed at the beginning of the existence of the satellite, when IPPER rotated much faster than now. Other scientists believe that the mountain chain was formed from the material of another satellite, which belonged to the Jappet himself, but crashed, and his debris was assieved at the Japite Equator.

4) Dactyl, satellite asteroid Ida

Discovered in 1995 with the help of a spacecraft Galilee, satellite asteroid Ida - Dactyl - has about a kilometer in diameter. This satellite is notable in that it turned out to be the first detected companion rotating around the asteroid. Scientists still cannot say about the origin of this satellite and do not know whether he is part of a native asteroid, or was once captured by this asteroid. Dactyl proves the existence of satellites at asteroids. After that, scientists noticed two more dozen of such satellites in different other asteroids of the solar system.

5) Europe, Jupiter satellite

Europe was discovered Galileo Galileem. In January 1610. He is quite a bit less than our moon. The surface of Europe is amazing, it is cut by dark intersecting lines. Scientists assume that the lines are cracks and faults of the ice shell of Europe. Perhaps the cracks were formed due to the influence of Jupiter and the rest of the satellites rotating around the planet. Under the thick layer of ice crusts on Europe, it is possible that the ocean of liquid salt water, which makes the satellite special. Unlike the Earth, it is believed that there is a very deep ocean on Europe, so it covers the entire satellite completely. Since Europe is located pretty far from the sun, its ocean frozen, forming a bark with a thickness of about 100 kilometers. Perhaps due to the internal higher temperature, water under the crust of ice can remain liquid.

6) Encelada, Saturna satellite

Enceland is the sixth largest companion Saturn. It is not the largest, however, has a number of curious features. Encelada opened in 1789 William Herschel. It is the brightest Space Body of the Solar System and reflects 100 percent of sunlight from its surface. This fact makes it one of the coldest places, the temperature on the satellite surface is about minus 200 degrees Celsius. As can be seen in the picture, there is some kind of impact crater on this satellite, but there are also quite smooth areas that indicate that in the geologically incredible past, the satellite surface was leveled. On the southern pole of the satellite there are large dark faults, which also speak of recent geological activity. From these faults, tons of material are produced from which the Saturn E Ring consists.

7) IO, Jupiter satellite

Io was discovered in January 1610 the same Galileo Galileem. He is a little more than our moon. IO is the most volcanically active place of the solar system. The satellite is covered by a variety of volcanoes, which produce jets of substances at a distance of about 300 kilometers above the surface. Usually, the object of this size should have ceased volcanic activity for a long time, but due to the orbital resonances of IO with Jupiter, Europe and the Garimist, tidal heating occurs in the depths of the satellite. If you lower the details, we can say that the increased volcanic activity of the satellite is associated with the space bodies and the composition of its internal characteristics nearby. Tidal heating causes most of the substance under the surface to remain in a liquid state, which constantly changes the surface of the satellite.

8) titanium satellite Saturn

Titan is the only satellite besides our moon, the spacecraft landed on the surface. It was opened in 1655 Christian Guigens. Titan is the second largest satellite in the solar system. It is covered with a dense foggy atmosphere consisting mainly of methane, nitrogen and ethane. This satellite is known for the fact that it has an atmosphere similar to the atmosphere of the planet. Also, this is the only place in the solar system, where, as scientists proved, there is a liquid on the surface, although this liquid is far from water, but methane.

9) Triton, Neptune satellite

Triton was opened in October 1846 by astronomer William Lassel 17 days after the opening of Neptune itself. This is the largest of the Satellites of the planet Neptune. Triton is characterized by the fact that is the only major satellite in the solar system, which rotates around the planet in the direction, reverse rotation of the planet itself. This suggests that Triton is captured by the neptune satellite, because all the natural satellites in the solar system rotate into the same direction as their planets. The only thing that scientists cannot yet come to a common opinion on how Neptune seized such a large body to his orbit. Triton is one of the coldest places in the solar system. When "Voyager-2" He flew past him in 1989, he discovered that the temperature of the triton leaves minus 235 degrees Celsius, that is, it is close to absolute zero. "Voyager-2" Also helped to detect active geysers on Triton, so Triton is considered one of the few geologically active satellites in the solar system.

10) Ganymed, Jupiter satellite

Discovered in 1610 Galileo Galileem., Ganymed is the largest satellite in the solar system. It is more planet Mercury, as well as its size is about three quadruple Mars. He is so big that it could be considered the planet if he turned no around Jupiter, but around the sun. A remarkable feature of this satellite is that he is the only satellite in our system, which has its own magnetic field. He has a molten iron core, thanks to which the magnetic field occurs. In 1996, the Space Telescope Hubble Recovered a thin layer of oxygen around the satellite, but it is so thin that he cannot support life.

If we are talking about cosmic colonies, then the first thing that comes to mind is, of course, Mars. On the red planet, we already seen no longer one millennium and seems to be flying there soon. Aerospace Agency NASA and several private companies are taking serious steps to ensure that humanity began to colonize Mars over the next decades.

Nevertheless, in the solar system there are several satellites of planets, which are also suitable for colonization in the near future. And the presence of traces of water on some of them only increases the chances of this opportunity. Today we will talk about 10 such satellites.

There are good reasons to assume that people will not only be able to survive on Europe, the satellite of Jupiter, but will find there an existing life there. Europe is covered with a thick icy crust, but many scientists tend to believe that under it there is a real ocean of liquid water. In addition, the presence of a solid indoor kernel in Europe adds a chance to have the right medium to support life, whether conventional microbes or perhaps even more complex organisms.

Study Europe for the existence of conditions for the existence of life and life itself is definitely worth it. How much will this repeatedly increase the chances of the possible colonization of this world. NASA wants to check whether Europe has any connection to the core of the planet and whether the heat and hydrogen are produced as a result of this reaction, as we have on Earth. In turn, the study of various oxidants, which may be present in the ice crust of the planet, will indicate the level of oxygen produced, as well as how much it is closer to the ocean bottom.

There are prerequisites to believe that NASA will deal with dense study of Europe and attempts to fly somewhere by 2025. It was then that we learn whether those theories that link with this Ice satellite are true. Studying in place can also show the presence of active volcanoes under the ice surface, which, in turn, will also increase the chances of life on this satellite. After all, thanks to these volcanoes in the ocean, essential minerals can accumulate.

Titanium

Despite the fact that Titan, one of Saturn's satellites, is located at the external border of the Solar System, this world is one of the most interesting places for humanity and, perhaps, one of the candidates for future colonization.

Of course, for breathing it will require the use of special equipment (the atmosphere is not suitable for us), but there is no need to use special surgery with adjustable pressure here. However, wearing special protective clothing, of course, still have to, because here is a very low temperature, often descending to -179 degrees Celsius. The force of gravity on this satellite is slightly below the level of gravity on the moon, which means to walk on the surface will be relatively easy.

True, it will be necessary to seriously think about how to grow a harvest, and to take care of artificial lighting issues, since sunlight on titanium falls from only 1/300 to 1/1000 from the earth's level. Dense clouds are to blame for everything, which, nevertheless, protect the satellite from excessive radiation levels.

There are no water in Titan, but there are whole oceans from liquid methane. In this regard, some scientists continue to argue over the fact that there could be life in such conditions. Whatever it was, on Titan there is something to explore. There are countless methane rivers and lakes, large mountains. In addition, there should be simply amazing views. Due to the relative proximity of Titanium to Saturn, the planet in the satellite sky (depending on the cloudiness) takes up to one third of the skyscle.

Miranda

Despite the fact that the largest satellite of uranium is Titania, Miranda, the smallest of the five moons of the planet, most suitable for colonization. On Miranda there are several very deep canyons, deeper than a large canyon on Earth. These places can be an ideal place to land and install the base, which will be protected from the external effects of the harsh environment and especially from radioactive particles produced by the magnetosphere of the uranium itself.

Miranda has ice. Astronomers and researchers calculated that it is approximately half of this satellite. As in Europe, there is the likelihood of the presence of water on a satellite, which is hidden under the ice hat. Surely it is unknown, and we will not know that until I pick up closer to Miranda. If Miranda still has water, then it would talk about serious geological activity on the satellite, as it is too far from the Sun and the sunlight is no longer able to maintain water in liquid form. Geological activity, in turn, all this would explain. Despite the fact that it is just the theory (and most likely unlikely), the close location of Miranda to uranium and its tidal forces can cause this geological activity.

Is there any water in liquid form or not, but if we install the colony on Miranda, then very low satellite gravity will allow to descend into deep canyons without fatal consequences. In general, here will also be what to do and what to explore.

Encelad

According to some researchers, Enceland, one of Saturn's satellites, may not only become a great place for colonization and observation of the planet, but is almost the most likely place that already supports life.

Enceladus is covered with ice, but the observations of the spaces from space showed geological activity on the moon and, in particular, geysers escaping from its surface. Cassini spacecraft collected samples and determined the presence of liquid water, nitrogen and organic carbon. These elements, as well as the source of energy that threw them into space, are important "lifelong bricks". Therefore, the next step for scientists will be the detection of signs of more complex elements and, possibly, organisms that can be hidden under the icy surface of the Encelade.

The researchers believe that the best place to install the colony will be areas next to which these geysers were noticed - huge faults on the surface of the ice cap of the southern pole. It has very unusual thermal activity, an equivalent work of approximately 20 coal power plants. In other words, for future colonists there is a suitable source of heat.

In Encelade, there are many crater and faults, just waiting, when they are started to study. Unfortunately, the atmosphere of the satellite is very discharged, and low gravity can create some problems in the development of this world.

Charon

NASA Space Actuate "New Horizons" After meeting with Pluto, stunning images of the dwarf planet and her largest satellite of charonon sent to Earth. These images caused hot spores in the scientific community, which is now trying to determine: geologically active or not this satellite. It turned out that the surface of the charon (like pluton) is much younger than previously supposed.

Despite the fact that there are cracks on the surface of the charon, it seems that this moon is quite effectively avoiding collisions with asteroids, as there are very little shock crater on it. Cracks themselves and faults are very similar to those that remain from the flow of hot lava. The same cracks were found on the moon and are the perfect place to install the colony.

It is believed that Charon has a very discharged atmosphere, which can also be an indicator of geological activity.

MIMAS

Mimas is often called the "Star of Death". It is possible that under the ice cap of this satellite can hide the ocean. And despite the overall sinister appearance of this moon, it probably can really fit for maintaining life. Observations of the Cassini Space Probe showed that MIMAS slightly swings on his orbit, which could talk about geological activity under its surface.

And although scientists are very careful in their assumptions, other traces, which would indicate the geological activity of the satellite, was not found. If the ocean will be detected on the mimas, then this moon one of the first should be considered as the most suitable candidate for installation of the colony here. Approximate calculations indicate that the ocean can be hidden at a depth of about 24-29 kilometers below the surface.

If an unusual orbital behavior is in no way related to the presence of liquid water under the surface of this satellite, then, most likely, the whole thing in its deformed core. And to blame this is a strong gravitational pool of Saturn rings. Whatever it was, the most obvious and most reliable way to find out what is happening here is a landing on the surface and carrying out the necessary measurements.

Triton

Images and data obtained from the Voyager-2 spacecraft in August 1989 showed that the surface of the largest neptune satellite, triton, consists of stones and nitrogen ice. In addition, the data hinted that under the surface of the satellite can be liquid water.

Although Triton has an atmosphere, it is so discharged that there is no sense on the satellite surface. To be here without a particularly protected Skafandra - death like. The average temperature on the surface of the triton is -235 degrees Celsius, which makes this moon with the coldest space object in the well-known universe.

Nevertheless, for scientists, Triton is very interesting. And once they would like to get there, install the database and conduct all the necessary scientific observations and research:

"Some tree surface zones reflect light, as if made of something solid and smooth, like metal. It is believed that these zones contain dust, nitrogen gas and, possibly, water that seeps through the surface and instantly freezes as a result of an incredibly low temperature. "

In addition, scientists calculated that Triton was formed at about the same time and from the same material as Neptune, which is very strange, given the size of the satellite. It seems that it was formed somewhere in another corner of the solar system, and then it was attracted by the gravity of Neptune. Moreover, the satellite rotates in the opposite side of its planet. Triton is the only satellite of the solar system, which has such a feature.

Ganymed.

In relation to the largest satellite of Jupiter, Ganyada, as well as other space objects in our solar system, suspicions were expressed in the presence of water under the surface. Compared to other satellites covered with ice, the car name is considered relatively thin and easy to drill.

In addition, Gamorn is the only satellite in a solar system with its own magnetic field. Due to this above its polar regions, you can very often observe the northern lights. In addition, there are suspicions that the liquid ocean can be hiding under the surface of the car. The satellite has a discharged atmosphere, which includes oxygen. And although it is extremely small to maintain the life that we know, the potential for terravertation has a satellite.

In 2012, he planned a space mission to Garánarev, as well as two other satellites of Jupiter - Callisto and Europe. Run is going to implement in 2022. Getting to Hamed will succeed in 10 years later. Although all three satellites are of great interest to scientists, it is believed that the Gamorn contains the greatest number of interesting science of features and is potentially suitable for colonization.

Callist

Approximately with the Mercury Planet, the second in size of the satellite of Jupiter is Callisto - another moon for which the suggestions are expressed about the water content under the icy surface. In addition, the satellite is considered as a suitable candidate for future colonization.

The surface of Callisto mainly consists of crater and ice fields. The atmosphere of the satellite is a mixture of carbon dioxide. Scientists already put forward assumptions that a very discharged satellite atmosphere is replenished with carbon dioxide gas from under the surface. Previously, the obtained data was indicated for the possibility of oxygen in the atmosphere, but no further observations were confirmed by this information.

Since Callisto is on a safe distance from Jupiter, radiation from the planet will be relatively low. And the absence of geological activity makes a satellite environment more stable for potential colonists. In other words, it is possible to build a colony here on the surface, and not under it, as in many cases with other satellites.

Moon

So we came to the first potential colony, which humanity will establish outside of its planet. This, of course, is about our moon. Many scientists tend to believe that the colony on our natural satellite will appear in the next decade and soon after that the moon will become the starting point for more distant space missions.

Chris McCay, Astobiologist NASA, is one of those who believe that the moon is the most likely place for the first space colony of people. McCay is confident that the further development of the moon with a space mission after Apollo-17 did not continue only from the cost of this program. However, the current technologies designed for use on Earth can also be very cost-effective and for use in space and significantly reduce it as the cost of the launch itself and the construction on the surface of the moon.

Despite the fact that now the biggest mission for NASA is a man's landing on Mars, McCay is confident that this plan will be able to make it possible not earlier than the moment the first moonbar base appears on the moon, which will be the starting point for further missions to the Red Planet. Not only many states, but many private companies show interest in the colonization of the Moon and even prepare relevant plans.