Frame veranda on wooden and metal structures. How to attach a warm veranda to the house Veranda from Sibit with your own hands

Veranda is a variant of an extension, a logical continuation of a country house. A veranda built using frame technology can become a comfortable resting place, used as a vestibule or additional storage space. A decorated or glazed veranda is a decoration of a low-rise building, giving it a unique style.

Advantages of a frame veranda

A frame veranda is being built in the shortest possible time and has the following advantages:

• creation of additional multifunctional space;
• strengthening the walls;
• improving the sound insulation of the main premises;
• keeping warm in the house;
• ergonomic appearance.

The veranda can be used as an entrance hall, living room, summer kitchen, greenhouse. It can be divided into several areas, for example, for recreation and storage of garden tools, etc.

What are the frame verandas?

The appearance and purpose of the frame veranda make it possible to implement the most innovative design solutions. In shape, they can be both classic rectangular, square, and radial, L- and U-shaped, polygonal, etc. Like verandas made of other materials, frame structures can be:

1. open, on which the roof rests on support beams, and one or more walls are missing;
2. closed, representing a space completely enclosed by walls or glazing.

Also, verandas are distinguished by the material from which they are built. The best option is a frame veranda made of timber. Such a structure is perfect not only for a log house, but also for a cottage made of bricks, foam blocks, silicate. In terms of environmental friendliness and ease of construction, a wooden frame veranda has no equal. The only condition is that the wood used for construction must be treated with effective fire and biological protection.

Designing a frame veranda

Ideally, a framed veranda should be included in the design at the design stage. This will make it possible to immediately make the foundation of the required area, preserve the landscaping of the territory and reduce the cost of the extension. But it's okay if you decide to build a veranda a few years after using the house.

When developing a project for a future frame veranda, first of all, it is necessary to decide on its location. In most cases, the structure is located at the front of the house, replacing the porch. You can also make a veranda from the end or build an L-shaped extension along two walls of the house.

The design determines:

• The dimensions of the veranda. The standard width is 2.5-3 m, but you can make a mini-veranda, or vice versa - a large room that will house a summer kitchen and a recreation area.
• Foundation type. For the construction of an extension, non-buried or shallow strip bases, as well as columnar foundations, are used. The choice of the type of foundation depends on the hydrogeological characteristics of the site and the type of the existing foundation under the cottage.
• Filling the walls. If we are not talking about an open veranda, then a light, environmentally friendly material is chosen to fill the walls, for example, lining or OSB boards. Glass or mirrored walls look spectacular, which can be combined with other materials.
• Roof covering. The best option is to make the roof from the same material as the roof of the house. In this case, the veranda will fit ergonomically into the architecture of the building. However, any other material can be used to cover the extension: inexpensive slate or ondulin, soft tiles, etc.

The veranda must withstand all the planned loads on it. When developing a project, it is envisaged:

• joint work of frame racks and floors;
• device of stiffening walls;
• installation of special struts;
• reliable fastening of all nodes.

Particular attention is paid to creating a reliable connection between the veranda and the house.

The foundation for a frame veranda

Frame structures are installed vertically on the lower strapping and united by the upper strapping. Additionally, at a height of 1-1.5 m from the bottom point, a number of horizontal beams are installed, which connect the frame, giving it strength and stability. The height of the veranda depends on the height of the ceilings in the house. When installing the frame, it is important to position it so that the roof is sloped. The correctness of the installation of frame supports should be checked with a building level.

Cutting of supports, as a rule, is carried out by the method of "straight lock in 1/2 tree". It is a demanding task that only a qualified specialist can do to make connections of horizontal and vertical elements in a quality manner so that a strong and safe structure is obtained. The joints are reinforced with bolts, corners, screws and other fasteners provided by the project. To prevent deformation and shear of the frame, it is attached to the foundation elements using anchors or clamps.

To connect the frame veranda with the house, outlet floor beams or parts of the rafter system are used. After assembling the frame, the walls are filled, hydro and thermal insulation, and the finishing is applied.

The roof of the frame veranda

The role of the Mauerlat in the frame veranda is performed by the upper harness, on which layered or hanging rafters are installed. The roof of the veranda can be one- or two-pitched. When installing a pitched roof, it is necessary to make such an inclination that will allow precipitation not to accumulate on the roof surface.

The roofing material used is the same as for the roof of the house. Also, the roof of the veranda can be covered with lightweight and durable polycarbonate. The roof is attached to a pre-installed batten. Elements of the drainage system should be installed on the roof of the veranda. They must be connected to the gutter of the house for efficient water drainage.

Decorative finishing of the veranda

The optimal version of the walls of the frame veranda: from the bottom sheathing with OSB-plates or other wood materials, from the top - glazing.

When installing high panoramic windows, a lot of sunlight will fall on the veranda. This option will allow you to equip a greenhouse or winter garden.

A frame veranda should be in harmony with the look of the house. Decorating the veranda depends only on the owner's imagination! Carved wooden posts and railings, varnished or painted, will be an excellent exclusive decoration. You can order carved balusters or make them yourself. There are a lot of options for decorating a veranda, so it is recommended to consider different styles and directions and choose what you like the most.

You can also use different materials for finishing the floor of a frame veranda. The most ergonomic solution is decking. High-end laminate can be used from inexpensive materials.

Heated frame veranda

You can turn the veranda into a full-fledged room that can be used all year round with proper heating organization. As a rule, the heating system of the house does not allow placing additional radiators on the veranda. In this case, you can install a small wood or solid fuel stove, if the area of ​​the room allows.

Also, for a heated veranda, high-quality insulation of the walls, roof and floor is necessary. Mineral wool is used as a heater, which meets all the requirements for environmental friendliness and fire safety. It is better to use double-glazed windows for such a veranda, which prevent heat loss.

The cost of arranging a heated veranda is much higher than the usual one, but you will get a full-fledged room that can be used as a hall, dining room or rest room.

It is more convenient to build a terrace to the house together with the main building, since both structures are placed on a common foundation and brought under one roof. Nevertheless, it is never too late to engage in an extension, there would be a desire and an opportunity. Theoretical information on how to make a veranda with your own hands near a cottage or a country house is detailed in this article.

We draw up a terrace project

Any construction, including the construction of a veranda, begins with design. This will allow you to draw up a work plan, select the materials available on the farm and purchase the necessary fasteners. To sketch by hand a drawing of a future structure, you need to answer the following questions:

• determine the size and type of building: an open summer terrace or a warm winter version;
• what structural material is supposed to be used - wood, brick or metal (they can be combined);
• where to place the porch - right in front of the entrance or on the side facade;
• think over the external design of the building and sketch it on paper or in a computer;
• how many windows to put in an attached gazebo of a closed type or to glaze the openings between the racks.

Log house and attached summer gazebo

Advice. When creating a construction scheme, check out the ready-made projects and photos of verandas presented on the Internet, and use suitable ideas for decoration and outdoor design.

The dimensions of the terrace depend not only on the functional purpose of the attached room, but also on the exterior design. Against the background of a two-story country house of 300 squares, a small veranda measuring 3 x 4 m will look like a leaning booth, that is, it will be inharmonious. But if you stretch it along its length, move it to the side wall and decorate it to the style of the building itself, then the picture will turn out to be quite beautiful, as shown in the photo:

Combining a rustic extension with a modern brick cottage

It is customary to attach verandas to small country houses and change houses to the full width of the front or side facade. The solution allows you to significantly expand the usable area of ​​\ u200b \ u200bthe home, without taking up a lot of space on the site.

A few words about the interior of the new premises. Typically, terraces around the house are designed for relaxation or family gatherings, so that the awning can protect against sudden rain. It is inappropriate to arrange a kitchen with a fireplace or to put it there, and it is also irrational, since you will have to organize an exhaust hood. For these purposes, it is better to use separate summer facilities - garden barbecues with a brick brazier, covered with corrugated board.

We bring to your attention a video showing about 100 options for a wide variety of extensions to private houses:

Selection of building materials

You can attach a veranda to the house from various materials:

• a wooden beam as a constructive plus sheathing with boards and clapboard;
• metal profile pipes with transparent polycarbonate or glass sheathing;
• silicate or ceramic bricks, from which solid walls are laid out or only pillars.

For reference. There is another version of the translucent structure - a frame made of metal-plastic with glazing. Its disadvantage is the high price of double-glazed windows and window profiles.

A do-it-yourself wooden terrace from a bar is the most common budget option. Its advantage is the simplicity and low cost of construction, which lasts from 3 to 7 days (excluding the time for concrete hardening), depending on the qualifications of the contractor. The construction is easy, and therefore does not need an expensive capital foundation. The only drawback is that the tree must be painted at least once every 3 years in order to protect it from environmental influences.

A metal frame will cost more than a wooden frame, but it outperforms the latter in terms of durability. The rest of the veranda of profiles repeats the advantages of a wooden building: it is lightweight, pre-fabricated (even without welding, bolted) and quite strong. There is an additional bonus: the construction of the foundation can be greatly simplified if the iron racks are high-quality concrete in the ground, as is done for fences.

Note. The construction of a terrace using frame technology made of metal or wood makes it possible to use a variety of materials for decoration - clapboard, plastic and wood siding (for example, a house block imitating a log) or plain OSB plywood. A more expensive cladding option is cellular polycarbonate and glass panels.

Brickwork, although it is durable, is complex and time consuming to perform. To build a veranda of brick or foam block, you need to lay a capital strip foundation, and on heaving soils, pour a reinforced concrete slab over the entire area of ​​the structure. These types of work require proper qualifications, so it is recommended to trust them to bona fide builders. Next, we propose to consider options for wooden and metal structures that you are able to implement on your own.

Preparation of the base

For a light veranda attached to the house, a traditional columnar foundation is sufficient. It represents single supports of a round or square shape, buried to a stable soil layer and located at key points. The material of the pillars is monolithic reinforced concrete, red brick or cinder blocks. Supports are placed at the corners of the building and along the line of the walls with a step of 1.5 m, as shown in the diagram.

To lay a columnar foundation, follow the step-by-step instructions:

1. Remove the sod from the site and mark it out with pegs and a string between them. The goal is to clearly identify the location of the corner and intermediate posts.
2. Dig or drill holes to a stable layer of soil (usually 1 m depth is enough) and tamp the bottom. Pour 10-15 cm of sand there and compact by spilling water.
3. To pour reinforced concrete pillars, you need to set the formwork in the form of a wooden box or an iron pipe of large diameter (300-400 mm). Inside, lower the frame, connected from the reinforcement of a periodic profile of Ø10-16 mm.
4. Fill the posts with M150 concrete (mix 1 volume of M400 Portland cement with 3 parts of sand and add 5 parts of crushed stone). Lay the stone supports out of bricks to the required height.
5. After the concrete has set, remove the formwork and waterproof the walls of the pillars with bitumen. Cover the sinuses around them with earth.

Two tips. In order not to be mistaken with the deepening of the foundation, be guided by the finished foundation of a private house. The height of the above-ground part must be provided so that, when laying the strapping beam and sub-flooring, it is necessary to reach the level of the clean floor in the existing building.

If you decide to make a frame from shaped pipes, proceed according to the same method, only instead of reinforcement, immediately lower iron pillars 80 x 80 mm into the pits, set them vertically and concrete. In order not to arrange the formwork, shield the walls of the pits with roofing material. How this is done in practice, see the video:

In wet heaving soils, it is better not to get involved with monolithic concrete, since you will have to drill and pour too deep. Use screw piles 2.5-3 m long, they can easily support the weight of a light structure.

Pile-screw foundation

We build a wooden veranda

When the base for the terrace is ready, proceed with tying the supports with a bar and installing floor joists. Before laying the beams on the supports, cover each of them with sheets of roofing material, and treat all wooden elements with an antiseptic. The step-by-step order of work looks like this:

1. Make clear cuttings at the ends of the beams to connect them at the corners in half a tree. Lay the beams, adjust them horizontally and fasten them to the posts with anchor bolts.
2. Install logs from 5 x 15 cm boards at 0.6 m intervals and secure them with steel corners and galvanized self-tapping screws.
3. Install the floor with 4 cm thick planks, nailing down. Leave a gap of 1-2 mm between them so that the floors do not creak later.

Note. If you are planning to build a winter veranda, then ordinary cold floors will need to be insulated. To do this, nail cranial bars on the sides of the lag, put second-rate 20 mm boards, waterproofing film and insulation on them, and then lay the floor covering.

Floor insulation device

The walls can be assembled using frame technology: first, put together the facades from the boards on the ground, and then set them up vertically and secure with slopes. Do not forget to provide a slope for a pitched roof, which should be adjacent to the wall of a residential building. Fasten the installed frames together, tie them to the building wall and proceed to the installation of the roof:

1. Attach a horizontal beam 10 x 15 cm to the wall of the house with anchors or dowels. It will serve as a support for the rafters.
2. Install rafters from 5 x 15 cm boards above each vertical post of the front facade, fix them with corners and screws.
3. Cover the entire roof with sheets of diffusion membrane (waterproofing) with an overlap of 100 mm, and on top mount a batten of 2 cm thick boards.
4. Install a suitable roof covering - metal tiles, slate, corrugated board, and so on.

When the main structures are assembled, it remains to put the doors, glaze the windows and clad the walls on both sides. The choice of materials is huge - from plastic panels and siding to curly lining (block house). Make the porch as described, and you can consider the construction of the open terrace complete. Each stage of the work is shown in detail in the following video:

To make the veranda in the country house cozy in winter and not let the cold outside, take care of the roof and walls insulation. Mineral wool is best of all with wood, and lay it between the racks, sew it up with a vapor barrier film and internal finishing material.

Metal extension

The procedure for installing a veranda on a metal frame is very similar to the assembly of wooden structures described above. The difference is that you already have vertical supports embedded in the ground. They must be tied with a 40 x 60 or 40 x 40 mm profile pipe (depending on the load). It is not necessary to use welding, the elements are twisted together on bolts.

Metal support assembly option

As in the previous version, the racks are connected by a strapping beam at the level of the floor and ceiling, after which window and door openings are formed. If the width of the span does not exceed 3 m and the roof is not planned to be insulated, then use a 40 x 60 mm profile placed on the edge as rafters. In other cases, it is better to take a section of 60 x 60 mm or more. The order of work is preserved, only fasteners are made by welding, bolts or self-tapping screws for metal.

Advice. Reduce the cost of your veranda design by combining different building materials. Use as rafters the same wooden planks screwed to the steel Mauerlat (top harness). How to do it correctly with your own hands is demonstrated in the last video:

Conclusion

As you can see, there are many options for building open and closed verandas. It is clear that it will not be possible to consider each of them in detail within the framework of one article. We have outlined the principles of work, since the sequence is repeated almost everywhere: foundation - frame - walls - roof. The difference is in the materials used and fastening methods. The exception is brickwork, which requires a more thorough approach.

Design engineer with over 8 years of experience in construction.
Graduated from the East Ukrainian National University. Vladimir Dahl with a degree in Electronic Industry Equipment in 2011.

Related entries:

A country vacation in the country is, first of all, the opportunity to breathe the fresh air of a garden or forest twenty hours a day. It is impossible to rest and at the same time be in the stuffy box of the country house, therefore the summer resident who values ​​his health sooner or later equips a full-fledged summer terrace with an awning or a roof in the country with his own hands. Building a terrace with your own hands is much easier than a gazebo or a veranda, therefore, arranging a special area for a table and garden furniture, as a rule, does not require large investments, despite the fact that the effect will be quite impressive.

What is the secret of the terrace

Despite a certain external similarity between the veranda and the terrace, the purpose of these buildings is different, just as the sizes and designs differ. A veranda is a part of a house with closed walls, windows and a full roof. The terrace is a landscaped open area for relaxing on a sunny day with a canopy, awning or awning. The difference is easier to understand if you look at the photo or drawings of a classic terrace.

When choosing a place and method of how to build a terrace with your own hands, you can use the classic techniques for arranging a recreation area:

• In the immediate vicinity of the house, using the platform and steps as a porch and platform in front of the house;
• Take it out in a separate area and place it in a cozy, sunny and less ventilated place of the summer cottage. In this case, a prerequisite is the arrangement of a path, stairs or steps, with which you can quickly get inside the house;
• Build a special type of roof or ceiling of a country house for a terrace with your own hands, on which a recreation area will be located.

Important! It is clear that verandas and gazebos are not built this way, so any drawings and recommendations for the construction of terraces can be reworked creatively, resizing according to your wishes. The main thing is that the design is comfortable, durable and safe to use.

The dimensions of the terraced areas, as a rule, can be several times larger than the size of the gazebo buildings, and even more so of the verandas. Almost always, the base of the site is built of wood or composite, raising the structure above the ground so that moisture and dampness do not affect the condition of the boardwalk.

Choosing a device, design and dimensions

The terrace is a one-of-a-kind building, not designed to create shade, but, on the contrary, aimed at ensuring the possibility of a comfortable and safe stay in the sun. Therefore, when choosing a project and a site for building a terrace with your own hands, drawings and dimensions, it is necessary to take into account the following features:

1. In the construction of a site of any size, raised above the ground by more than 18-20 cm, there must be a fence and railings for the terrace. For buildings that include several sites located at different heights, intermediate steps and handrails are provided;
2. The floor, railings and railings should be made of wood or a similar material such as polymer composite. The drawing must indicate the quality of wood processing and the type of coating applied - varnish or a protective composition based on epoxy resins;
3. In the presence of a canopy or awning, one edge of the roof must be attached to the main wall of the house, the second rests on stationary supports embedded in the ground to a depth of at least 40 cm with pouring a concrete blind area.

Important! Before choosing a scheme for how to make a terrace, it is important to choose the right material that best matches the design in the drawing.

The easiest way is to build a terrace at the corner junction of two walls of the house, as in the photo. In this case, we build a terrace and automatically get a site in front of the entrance to the house.

Corner terrace construction

The simplest version of the terrace would be to build a platform made of wood on a primitive foundation made of concrete blocks or slabs, as shown in the drawing. The angular arrangement provides protection of the terrace area from wind and rain from both sides, so there is no need for a wind protection device with polycarbonate sheets or wood shields.

If necessary, you can install a fabric awning, curtain or canopy over the terrace, the dimensions of which will be limited only by the dimensions of the walls of the house. The disadvantages of the design include the fact that with an incorrect slope, a wooden platform can affect the distribution of rainwater, therefore, the calculation and size of a slope of 3-4 o must be immediately recorded on the terrace drawing. The size of the foundation supports for the flooring must be calculated according to a sketch or drawing, according to the measurements of the entrance opening above the ground level.

For a lightweight frame structure of a terrace area, it will be enough to lay 12-15 concrete blocks or several dozen clinker tiles as a foundation. First, you will need to remove the top layer of soil, sprinkle with fine gravel, tamp and lay a sand cushion. The most difficult thing will be to maintain the size and thickness of the sand base so that the height of the foundation columnar or slab supports does not exceed the calculated value according to the drawing.

Geotextiles can be laid on the sand, which well prevents the growth of weeds and grass. To fill the floor of the terrace, experts recommend pre-tying the supports with a bar with the laying of lagged beams made of wood. But in this case, it is necessary to increase the vertical size of the terrace in height by 20-30 cm, which is not always convenient. In the simplest case, a 60x60 mm timber is laid directly on the tile and fixed with pieces of reinforcement, hammering it directly into the ground.

The most difficult stage in assembling a budget terrace structure will be planking the flooring. Oak or special decking made of polypropylene and sawdust, 200x30 mm in size is best suited.

For your information! The appearance and dimensions of the composite material practically do not differ from the processed natural board. High resistance to moisture and absolute insensitivity to insects and pathogenic microorganisms make decking boards an excellent substitute for expensive oak wood.

When sheathing the frame of the site, it is necessary to carefully follow the recommendations for installing the decking, given in the drawing. In a similar way, flooring can be made from ordinary boards, pre-treated with an antiseptic.

Building a simple terrace on your own

The average size of the site is 4x2 m. We will install the wooden structure on wooden supports in a swinging pattern. Part of the terrace area will be supported by pillars made of paired timber 120 cm long and 100x100 mm in size, the second part of the terrace will be supported by a plank on the wall of the country house. For the installation of the beam, we will drill holes in the ground with a diameter of 90 mm and drive the supports with a sledgehammer.

Further, the supports driven into the ground must be tied with a flat board or a sheet of thick plywood with a section size of 350x40 mm. When fixing the boards, it is necessary to additionally control the horizontal position of the strapping sheet.

We attach the side strapping boards directly to the walls of a wooden house; in the supports, you will need to wash down to install a longitudinal strapping board.

After assembling the strapping, transverse lag beams are installed, 2.5 m in size with a section of 100x40 mm, which will increase the rigidity of the base of the terrace platform and at the same time serve as a support for floorboards.

At the next stage, the fence of the terrace is assembled. Along the outer contour of the platform, grooves are cut out in the floorboards, after which, as in the drawing, supports are nailed under the railing. A vertical beam or board measuring 100x50 mm, 120 cm high is attached to the lower strapping board with self-tapping screws. On the inside of the racks, a groove for the crossbars is sawn, after which the lower bar and handrails for the fence of the terrace platform are installed.

Diagonal struts are stuffed between the posts, increasing the strength of the entire structure of the fence.

Conclusion

The above design of the terrace is simple and affordable for building with your own hands. If desired, a small fabric awning or a full-fledged canopy made of polycarbonate or lightweight ondulin can be installed over the terrace area. A wooden structure must be treated with protective antiseptics, and the floor must be periodically treated with wax or paraffin mastics.

A veranda is an extension to the house, which has a common wall with it. The construction of a veranda is a great opportunity to expand the living space in a country house or in a country house without performing a full-fledged construction. By design, it can be absolutely any, the main thing is to harmonize with the main building, be comfortable, functionally correspond to the tasks assigned to it, please the owners of the cottage and arouse the envy of neighbors.

As already mentioned, the design of the veranda can be absolutely any, but the design is quite different:

On a columnar, strip or pile foundation (it is expensive and difficult to make a monolith);
built-in or attached;
on a common foundation with a house or on a separate one;
under a common roof or under a separate one;
open or glazed;
insulated or summer version (without insulation, but with glazing);
with a frame made of different materials (wood, chip material, aluminum, steel, and so on);
with different types of material for roughing;
with various types of front finishes.

Obviously, the choice is incredibly large. But the most common and simple option for building a veranda can be considered an attached veranda under a separate roof without insulation on a columnar foundation. If you do not plan to spend the night in such an extension in the winter and are not going to build a bulky stove on it, this option is perfect for you. You can choose the type of internal and external cladding at your own discretion: siding, lining, boards, and so on.

Terms of construction of the veranda on your own

If the veranda is relatively small (it is customary to do it along the entire length of the wall of the house where there is a door) and with a low porch, then all the work can be done literally together in the shortest possible time. Most often, with a 4-6 hour working day, it takes only 4-5 days, plus some time for exterior and interior decoration. An assistant to the master craftsman will be required at the stage of laying the heavy beams and at the stage of building the roof.

Calculation of a veranda for a country house

A veranda is a structure that requires approval and, accordingly, the preparation of project documentation. This can only be done by certified specialists, so, most likely, it is they who, according to your sketch, will make you a project, on the basis of which you can calculate the necessary materials.

However, if you decide not to legitimize your extension, you can do the calculations yourself. Most home craftsmen manage with a completely approximate scheme and try to get more accurate data only for the number of beams and roofing material - both most often have to be purchased and transported from afar, and everything else can usually be "obtained" somewhere nearby.

When designing a veranda, it must be borne in mind that most often the timber that will be used for the construction of vertical racks, for the lower and upper strapping and for the logs, has a length of 6 meters. So, in order not to make unnecessary cuts and not throw away unnecessary materials, it is worth choosing the appropriate size for the veranda.

Total we need

Cement;
sand and water for mortar;
brick (or ready-made concrete blocks, which are sold in building stores) for the installation of foundation posts (every 1.5-2 meters);
timber 150 × 150 or 100 × 100;
edged board 40 × 100;
strong steel corners;
nails;
bitumen for foundation treatment;
waterproofing (roofing material or durable polyethylene);
roofing material;
materials for external and internal cladding.

DIY veranda construction

After the approximate calculations are made and the material is purchased, you can proceed to the next stage - marking on the ground. It should be noted that the attached veranda will have a separate base with the main part of the cottage or summer cottage. And, since they have different bases and different weights, during freezing and thawing of the soil, each of the structures will "float", that is, rise and fall, completely according to its own physical laws. This means that if we try to "link" the veranda and the house, sooner or later they will move away from each other anyway. Accordingly, we leave a gap of 5-10 centimeters between them, which we then close with a special bar.

Stage 1. We build the foundation for the veranda

After we have hammered the pegs along the wall in those places where the posts for the foundation will be installed, we can proceed directly to the earthworks. The markings must be taken very seriously: subsequently, you will not have to level the defects with a complex fit of the upper strapping and rafters. The marking pegs should be on the outside of the veranda walls.

Under the pillars, we dig holes about 50–70 centimeters deep and make a "pillow" for the future foundation pillars: we put 15–20 centimeters of sand into the hole, moisten and tamp. After the sand dries up, pour the crushed stone to a height of about 10 centimeters. On top of it we pour a liquid bitumen composition to provide reliable waterproofing to the posts.

After hardening of our waterproof “cushion”, you can proceed directly to laying the foundation pillars. They can be made from brickwork or concrete foundation blocks. We make sure that the columns are the same in height: subsequently we will not need to fight with leveling the floor on the veranda.

If there is a cavity inside the masonry, it must be filled with some kind of construction waste - bricks, rubble - and filled with bitumen. Outside, both blocks and bricks are best also smeared with bitumen - it will not be superfluous.

The height of the blocks or pillars should be such that after laying the lower strapping, logs and boards to the floor in a cottage or house, the vertical line is 25-30 centimeters. This is necessary because presumably the roof of the veranda will be lower than the roof of the house (if we want to combine them into a common structure), that is, the ceiling of the veranda will also be lower.

Important: after each stage, all new elements of the wooden structure must be treated with special antiseptics.

Stage 2. Making the base of the veranda

Now that we have foundation pillars, we cover each of them with a piece of roofing material for additional waterproofing. If it was not possible to arrange the columns exactly horizontally, then later, before laying the lags or the floor, you will have to make special pads.

Now we put the bottom harness, which will bring our structure together. On top of our covered waterproofing materials of the pillars, we put a timber, which we connect with a corner joint "in half a tree" - this is the simplest option. To give additional rigidity to the structure, you can connect the corners with nails, but it will be optimal not to use metal, but to drill holes with a diameter of about 1.5 centimeters and drive thorns into them. Do not forget to coat the level of the lower trim with an antibacterial waterproofing agent for wood.

Stage 3. Making a frame for the veranda

In the corners of our veranda, we gouge or drill grooves for the installation of corner vertical posts. We put the racks, carefully checking that they are perfectly vertical. The thorn-groove connection between the uprights and the lower strapping is reinforced with strong metal corners or brackets. Further, according to the same principle, we put intermediate racks. Usually they are located at a distance of about 60 centimeters from one another - here everything depends solely on the wishes of the master and on the length of the material that will be used for the construction and sheathing of the frame.

Important: do not forget to clearly align the distance between the vertical posts in those places where the window and door frames will be located: the box must fit between the two vertical posts.

By mounting vertical posts, you can immediately make a window sill beam, which we will make from a bar, connecting it with vertical posts with a tenon connection. You can equip the window sill and later, securing it with corners. After installing the vertical racks and tying them with a transverse (window sill) beam, we once again check the strict verticality of the structure.

On top of the resulting structure from the uprights sticking out, we install the upper harness - it will also be the Mauerlat, on which the roof structure will rest. It is done according to the same principle as the lower strapping.

Now we cut out incomplete (half or one third) grooves for the floor joists in the lower strapping, and in the upper strapping - incomplete grooves for the rafters.First, we put long beams along the wall of the house - the lower and upper girders (the upper one is also called the bed) - on the lower and upper strapping. We also cut grooves in the girders. We put floor logs (below) and rafters (above) across the girders, fastening them either with a wooden spike (this is most reliable) or with nails.

Stage 4. Ladder

Our design had to turn out to be elevated above the ground, and in order to get to the veranda, it is recommended to purchase or make a staircase on our own. It can be a simple welded metal staircase, wooden on kosoura, made of bricks, cast in concrete. It is only important to remember that the staircase should be independent of the house - only the upper, preferably floating step, should unite it with the veranda floor. The staircase must be installed at this stage, so that then all the flaws in the connection (ugly joints, and so on) can be covered with floorboards.

Stage 5. Floor installation

The floor can be mounted at this stage or later, when the roof frame is assembled, but it is more convenient to carry out construction work, walking not along the logs, but along the already finished base. So it is recommended right now to put an edged board across the lags and nail it to a bar with stainless steel nails. This can be a finishing version of a floorboard or a rough one. Later, the rough boards can be covered with linoleum or other types of flooring.

Remark: how to make a warm floor in the veranda

If the veranda is not cold, but warm, then the order of construction of the floor will be somewhat different:

1. Put the harness over the foundation pillars.

2. We put the girder (if it is needed, but it is needed if there is not enough length of the board, which we will lay in the next paragraph) so that the upper level of the girder bar coincides with the upper level of the strapping bar (this will easily work if you use the connection of the beams "in half a tree ").

3. On top of the girder and strapping we fill the boards.

4. Lay a waterproofing material on top of them.

5. On top of the waterproofing, we lay logs without any cutting. You can also make a cut, and bend the waterproofing material into the resulting grooves and press down with lags. We tie the logs with the second lower harness (sometimes called the second crown).

6. Put the heat-insulating material in the resulting niches. It can be expanded clay, slab or roll insulation.

7. On top of the logs we fill the boards - this will be the final or rough floor of our veranda.

Stage 6. Roof installation

We already have a Mauerlat or top harness and a central girder (aka a bed). Now you need to install racks from the side of the wall of the house, so that later you get a shed roof. First, we set the corner posts, then the intermediate ones. From above we connect the racks with a ridge run, making sure that all the racks are of the same height.

Now we put the rafters with support on one side on the wall racks, on the other side on the Mauerlat (aka the top strapping). You can put the rafters with hollowing out "half a tree", or without - just attach them with corners or brackets. Do not forget that our roof should have an overhang from the side of the entrance to the veranda, as well as a small allowance from the side of the house wall so that rain and melt water does not flow down the back wall of the veranda. Also, do not forget that over the stairs, at least over the upper few steps, it would also be nice to make a visor.

Important: this article describes a highly simplified rafter system, which, however, is often used in the construction of summer cottages, verandas, and gazebos. However, in the course of work, especially if the veranda is very spacious, it may be necessary to install additional elements: struts (supports the angle between the rafter and the post), intermediate posts (also called legs or chairs), girders and puffs (connect additional intermediate posts) and other elements, which will reduce the pressure of the roofing cake and rafters on the posts and strapping, as well as maintain the clarity of the corners of the structure.

On top of the rafters, we attach a waterproofing material, which we fasten with self-tapping screws. From above on the rafters we fill the boards of the counter-lattice. They will play a double role: they will press the waterproofing stronger and form a space between the finishing roofing material and the insulator, excluding the possibility of decay of the battens and rafters.

This is followed by a layer of lathing, which is placed across the rafters and, accordingly, counter-lathing. The final stage is to fix the roofing material and sheathing the sides of the resulting gables with a suitable material (most likely the same one that we will sheathe the walls of the veranda with).

Further, if you have a warm veranda, all work is done from the inside of the house. Between the rafters, you need to fix the insulation (you can nail it to the rafters), close it with a vapor barrier layer (you can also nail it), and fill the ceiling system lathing on top. It can be rough or immediately represent the final version for subsequent finishing.

Stage 7. Installation of doors and windows

If you are going to have a paneled veranda instead of an open one, then now is the time to install the door and window frames. We fix the boxes with screws or nails. Fill the voids with polyurethane foam. During the external cladding of the walls, it is better to remove the sash (unless, of course, you have double-glazed windows) so that they do not suffer from vibrations when struck with a hammer or during the operation of the screwdriver.

Stage 8. Sheathing outside the walls of the veranda

The material for the cladding and, accordingly, the method of fixing it is chosen by the owners of the house at their own request. The main thing when installing the outer coating is not to forget about the waterproofing layer, which is attached to the counter-lattice, fixed to the vertical posts. Insulation and vapor barrier are installed from the inside by analogy with the roof. You can also leave the veranda open by erecting only a high fence.

The veranda is an additional room, which is the outer part of a residential building. It is often confused with a terrace. To understand how these two structures differ from each other, you need to understand their features. A terrace is considered to be an open area attached directly to the house, which has a canopy and railings along its perimeter. A frame veranda, on the other hand, is being built as a full-fledged part of the house. In fact, it is an additional room. This room can be built from a variety of materials - brick, cinder block or wood, it all depends on the preferences of the homeowner.