What does a child need to adapt well to school? Adaptation of the child to school. Psychologist's advice

Tips for parents

How to help your child adjust to school

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As a rule, the parents of a first-grader are most concerned about issues related to their studies. this is certainly important, but the main parental task during this period is to help the child adapt to school.

although for most children, going to school is a joyful event that they are looking forward to (because for them it means becoming almost adults), for any child this event is a lot of stress, and it takes time to adapt to such global change In my life.

manifestations of stress

first graders are under stress. it happens in different ways. this is often visible to the naked eye: the child becomes lethargic, pale, he may have headaches or abdominal pain, sleep is disturbed, he often gets sick.

Parents do not always understand that changes in their child's behavior are a consequence of stress. the child may begin whims and tantrums, or he suddenly begins to be rude and rude to his parents. if this happened in the first months of attending school, you should not write off such behavior as "".

It should be borne in mind that not always stressful manifestations are clearly negative character. often stress manifests itself in the fact that the child becomes surprisingly disciplined: without reminders in the evening he collects a portfolio, jumps out of bed immediately after the alarm goes off, strives to come to school half an hour before the start of classes. parents rejoice: “wonderful! went to school and immediately matured!” but one should not fall into illusions. such responsibility and discipline, which was unusual for a child before, indicates that he is very worried and worried.

Parents during this period should be especially sensitive and careful towards their child. any changes in the behavior of their baby should be a warning signal for them, because our task is not only to ensure that our children receive a good education but also to ensure that they maintain their physical and mental health.

adaptation to school takes from 2 to 6 months. let's talk about how to help the child go through the period of adaptation to school with the least loss.

leave it for an extension?

in each family, this issue is resolved, of course, in accordance with the capabilities of the family itself, and yet, if there is at least some possibility, then in the first months it is better that the baby goes home immediately after school.

if you are working, you can try to go part-time for a couple of months. maybe your grandmother or some other relative can help you? or will you arrange with a retired neighbor to pick up the child from school? if possible, hire a nanny for a couple of months. if you or your dad have a vacation, then it’s better to take it now so that at least during the first weeks the child can not attend an after-school program.

if this is not possible, then be sure to get to know the teacher of the extended day group better in the very first days and carefully look at her attitude towards children.

do not rely on the fact that the school you sent your child to has a good reputation.

even in a good school, as a rule, high demands are placed on teachers, and not on GPD educators, so everything depends on the personality of a particular educator. someone treats his wards with a soul, seeks to organize for them Interesting games communicates kindly.

but there are also those who allow themselves to yell at children or can “forget” the child on the street, and in response to a parent’s complaint, takes out the offense on the child - only he forbids him to leave the classroom for the whole time until the parents come (I know such a case). it is obvious that during the period of the child's adaptation to school, being "under the wing" of such a teacher is simply contraindicated.

exercise stress

breaks do not count, firstly, they are short, and secondly, usually at school, children are not allowed to run or play too active games during the break. two physical education lessons a week also do not make up for the lack of physical activity. as a result, the child becomes tired of immobility, which gradually becomes chronic.

in addition, during this period, the child experiences a high nervous and mental stress, and in this situation, physical activity is the first "medicine".

be sure to organize the child's leisure in such a way that he compensates for his long sitting at the desk. it can be swimming, cycling or ordinary outdoor games in the yard. average, a child of this age should be in active movement for at least 2 hours a day.

if possible, it is better to walk to school and back. and if the school is located nearby, you can leave early so that, after making a small detour, you can walk an extra 15 minutes.

Fresh air

It has been observed that children attending school walk an average of 15 minutes a day. Agree, when you see such a figure, you feel bitterness. after all, a first-grader is still small, and to visit fresh air he needs it just like a preschooler. to kid, nervous system who is under stress from the loads that have fallen on him, this is doubly necessary.

Now, in connection with the new, school, mode, morning walks are canceled, so in the afternoon it is advisable to fit 2 walks. it is best to arrange the first walk 20 minutes after dinner, and the second one before going to bed, instead of sitting at a computer or TV. Moreover, the child usually lacks communication alone with mom or dad, and walking before going to bed, you can talk heart to heart and play a little. so such a walk would serve two purposes at once.

On weekends and holidays, try to walk with your child in the same mode as it happened before school: in the morning and in the evening, for about 1.5 hours, and in good weather for 2 hours.

dream

It is very important that during this period the child gets enough sleep. if the child experiences a lack of sleep, then he will “fill up” in the first two lessons. it is clear that the effectiveness of training under such circumstances will not be too high.

If the child is used to sleeping during the day, then put him to an afternoon nap.

A child of this age should sleep approximately 11 hours a day. try to get him to bed no later than 9 o'clock in the evening.

Try not to play noisy exciting games or play on the computer before going to bed.

Before going to bed, give him a relaxing massage, offer to take a warm bath. A very good relaxing remedy is a cup of warm milk, drunk before going to bed.

A sleepy child meets the morning in a joyful mood. if your child looks gloomy or lethargic in the morning, then the hours allotted for sleep are not enough for him.

Organize your child's routine so that he has enough time before going to school. the child should not feel rushed and nervous, he should calmly put himself in order, have breakfast and tune in to the “working day”.

hometasks

according to the law, first-graders cannot be assigned to work on their homework in the first half of the year, but not all teachers adhere to this. so a few suggestions on this topic.

The second peak of brain activity occurs at 14-17 hours (the first - from 9 to 12 in the morning), so it is better to do homework during this period of time.

Before execution homework the child should not only have lunch, but also in without fail take a walk.

First grader shouldn't sit on homework more than an hour. if this does not work, then it makes sense to talk to the teacher.

It happens that in primary school children are given so much homework that there is no need to talk about a reasonable time for its completion. sometimes in this work, to be honest, there is no serious need (for example, the student already writes well, but the teacher insists that all workbooks be filled out in writing). let's say you see that the child has been diligently sitting at home for an hour, obviously already tired, but then it turns out that you still need to learn a poem for the holiday. in this case, I think it is not a sin to help him. by this you will not make the child lazy, but you will preserve his health and will not instill an aversion to learning.

It is best to start homework with reading, and then do the rest of the subjects. this will help the child to tune in to the performance of tasks in other subjects. if the baby wants to start with a task that is this moment seems to him more interesting, then parents need to give him complete freedom in this matter.

Give your child 10 minutes of breaks while doing homework. and let him get used to the fact that a home “break” is not a seat in front of a TV or computer. it is best if he jumps, somersaults or dances.

studies

try to worry less about this topic during this period. be interested in your child's studies, but in moderation.

do not forget that it is very difficult for a first grader to be attentive, diligent and accurate throughout the school day. therefore, do not be discouraged if at first he forgets something or does not have time, the sticks in the copybooks will be uneven, and the numbers will be written the other way around. normally developing healthy child will eventually learn to read, count and write.

teachers are well aware that a girl who does well in elementary school can later turn out to be a very mediocre student, and, conversely, a boy who had difficulty writing penmanship can win all the Olympiads in mathematics and physics in high school.

Under no circumstances should you reproach your child for not being good at something, or for listening to or forgetting something.

Don't compare his school performance to other children's or your own when you were his age, for better or worse.

Do not frighten him with deuces, which he will receive if he does not learn to write, count and, in general, be attentive and assiduous, as a diligent student is supposed to be.

Do not tell horror stories, such as "you will study poorly, you will become a janitor."

Don't reward (let alone punish) academic achievement.

But be interested in what the baby has learned, celebrate with joy if he managed to do something well. ask what interesting things he learned today, what he drew at the drawing lesson, what he played with friends at recess. If your child shared something they heard in class that they found interesting, try to develop the topic, for example, tell something more interesting about it.

in fact, the first grader is already suffering from the fact that a whole heap of new rules, requirements and duties have fallen on him, and they are not fully understood and not known to him.

it is hard for the kid to cope with this burden, he worries and worries, being in this new school life, and from time to time he needs to feel like a small child who does not owe anything to anyone.

1) in the first months of adaptation to school, give your child the opportunity to feel small if he wants to: sit on your lap, read long-known and favorite poems or fairy tales, crawl along the floor with him, playing with cars or dolls, allow him to fall asleep in your bed, etc.

2) do not appeal to the fact that he is now a schoolboy and "big". you will not argue with the fact that a person cannot grow up or change suddenly, just because he now has a new role (a young wife will not become a wonderful housewife the next day after the wedding). the child will not become more conscious from such words, but under the yoke of such appeals it will be harder for him to get used to the new load.

3) during this period, reduce the level of normal requirements for the child.

4) in addition to new school responsibilities, do not burden the child with other new requirements, except for those that are related to the school and are mandatory. for example, to come to school at the beginning of the lessons - mandatory requirement(conditionally), but to prepare clothes for tomorrow is not yet necessary.

5) during these few months of adaptation to school, postpone the visit additional circles and sections, if they are not sports.

6) if you notice that the child is tired, do not be afraid to leave him for one day at home, or let him not do homework. To avoid misunderstandings, warn the teacher with a call or a note.

7) so that the baby feels more confident at school, give him his favorite toys (but not the most beloved ones, as they can be lost at school).

8) give the child mobile phone so that at any time he can contact you, and you can help him cope with the problem that has arisen.

9) for the psychological comfort of the child, it is very important that he has friends and acquaintances in the new community. talk with the child himself, the teacher, observe how the child communicates with classmates.

If you are convinced that your child needs help in this matter, then provide it:

Help the children exchange phone numbers;

Give your child a small treat for new friends: sweets, gummies, etc.

Give your child small interesting toys with you so that it is easier for him to join the game with one of the other children during the break.

Material for the lesson.

The first of September is an important day in the life of every child. However, the joy of going to school for the first time often goes hand in hand with excitement. And this is no coincidence - with the beginning of schooling in a child's life begins new stage. Lessons, homework, new friends ... How to understand whether the child is successfully adapting to school, to warn possible problems and help him?

School adaptation and its features

Under school adaptation it is customary to understand the formation of new habits in the child, allowing him to successfully adapt to school life and its key features. Namely, the new regime of the day, the increased intellectual load, the children's team, etc. It is easy to recognize a good school adaptation: a child who has easily adapted to school attends it with pleasure and willingly shares his impressions of each new school day with his parents. He does not feel discomfort in communicating with teachers and easily finds new friends. Difficulties in adapting a child can give the following signals.

1. Since entering school, the child's physical well-being has deteriorated sharply; he began to get sick more often and complain about his condition for no apparent reason
2. The child could not find a single new friend in the class
3. You often notice that your child comes home from school overtired and depressed. Or, on the contrary, overly disinhibited and excited
4. The child directly tells you that he is not well at school

The presence of one or more of the signs can be a signal to parents that the child is having difficulty adjusting to school. Consider the most common problems faced by modern first-graders and their parents.

Problems of school adaptation and ways to solve them

1. Emotional stress. The first two weeks of education are considered the most difficult period in the life of every student. It is during this period that the child's nervous system, which has not had time to adapt to the new regimen, can painfully react to stress. The consequence of this may be increased fatigue, irritability, drowsiness, tearfulness.

How to recognize? The main sign of a child's psycho-emotional stress is a deterioration in the general physical condition - sleep disturbances, loss of appetite, as well as frequent mood swings.

How to help? In order for regime moments not to become too serious stress, it is advisable to start accustoming a child to them a few months before going to first grade. Teach your child to go to bed and get up at the same time, allocate time for walking, eating, etc.

2. Fear of failure. As the school curriculum becomes more complicated, the child may begin to notice behind him that not everything turns out as easily as at first. The first failures can seriously knock the child out of the rut, and even for a long time discourage him from doing to learn.

How to recognize? Children who are afraid of failure are extremely sensitive to comments from teachers, they are afraid to take on a new business. A mistake made in writing or reading, as well as doing homework, often provokes violent reactions in him, up to tears.

How to help? Try to encourage every, even the most insignificant success of the child - whether it is a correctly read word or a neatly written hook in the copybook. Remember that each new step in mastering new knowledge for a first grader is given with great difficulty. It is equally important that the child be sure that you love him, regardless of his school success.

3. Inability to cope with the increased intellectual load. School education requires perseverance, increased concentration of attention from the child. All this often requires skills that are not yet fully developed in a child of primary school age.

How to recognize? A child who cannot cope with the intellectual load is betrayed by excitability, inattention, and lack of interest in anything. They can demonstrate unreasonable stubbornness and negativism, up to a complete rejection of learning activities.

How to help? The beginning of primary school age for a child is marked by a change in the leading type of activity - training takes the place of the game. In order for this transition to become less painful for the child, try to soften it, including in training game moments. As well as diversifying the process of memorizing new material with the help of visual aids. This will “unload” the child’s psyche, turning boring learning into an exciting and interesting game.

4. Unformed cognitive motivation. Lack of understanding of the importance of schooling.

How to recognize? Children who have not fully formed cognitive motivation do not understand why they go to school and why they need schooling.

How to help? Unfortunately, it should be noted that most parents rarely pay due attention to the motivational readiness of the child for school. In fact, already by the time of entering the first grade, the child should understand very clearly why he goes to school and how the acquired knowledge can be useful to him in the future.

5. Painful adaptation in a new team. Quite often, children suffer because of poor relationships with both the peer group and the teacher.

How to recognize? The child does not talk about classmates and how he spends time with children in and out of school. And often - complains about the actions of other children and the teacher.

How to help? To begin with, decide what kind of problems prevent the child from establishing relationships with classmates. Children do not want to play with him because he bullies and beats peers? Or, on the contrary, does your child become a victim of ridicule and bullying? Then - think about what exactly pushes the child to behave in this way. What needs are left unattended? What miscalculations in education did you make? If you are unable to find answers to these questions on your own, do not hesitate to seek help from a school psychologist. The first grade is the period when the child begins to acquire a social role that can be fixed for a long time and largely determine his future.

How can you help your child adjust to school? Tips for parents

1. Praise your child more often and criticize him less. Remember - the main task now is to help him believe in himself and his strength.

2. Encourage your child to talk about his life at school and his class. Show genuine interest in him

3. Take into account the individual characteristics of the child - temperament, comfortable working hours for him, etc.

4. Never compare a child with other children - you can only compare a child with yourself

5. Try to provide the child with the opportunity to fully organize their leisure activities

Simple tips will help your child to painlessly survive one of the most difficult periods in his life and understand that school life is not as complicated as it might seem at first glance.

A seven-year-old child has come to school. A little first grader will have to learn a lot. The level of development and standard of living of children is changing markedly. Each parent must remember that the child is completely in new environment new school doors open before him, where there are a lot of people, where demands are made on the child, where it is necessary to gain knowledge and skills.

Parents and all adults involved in the educational process should be well aware that the child's entry into school is a turning point for him, meaning the transition to a new way of life: from the usual gaming activity to educational.

For two weeks now, the current first-graders have been going to school. Exciting gatherings, a solemn line, the first busy days are behind us. Life slowly gets back into its groove, the child gets used to school. But is everything so smooth?