What is an Individual Investment Account? How to open an individual investment account? What is iis and the main advantage of an individual investment account Individual investment account minimum contribution

What is an Individual Investment Account and how do I open one? How does an individual investment account work and where is it better to open it? How to get a tax deduction for the contribution of funds to the IIS?

All investors are aware that the profit from deposits must be shared with the state. This cannot be avoided if, of course, you are an honest person and invest in legal instruments.

However, in 2015, private investors had the opportunity to get rid of personal income tax. It is called "Individual Investment Account" (IIS). This is not a scam or a cunning accounting trick, but a completely legal procedure initiated by the state itself with the aim of attracting private capital to the country's economy.

Do you want to get more by making investments in securities or mutual funds? Open IIS and sleep twice as quietly - taxes on income from this instrument are fully returned to the owner in a completely legal way. I, Denis Kuderin, an investment specialist, will tell you about what an individual investor account is and how to use it in a new publication.

And you will also find an overview of the three brokerage companies working with IIS, as well as tips on how to make more money on such investments.

Sit back, let's start!

1. What is an individual investment account

In January 2015, Russian investors obtained the right to open individual investment accounts with banks, brokerage firms and asset management companies. Such accounts allow individuals to receive income from stocks, bonds and other securities on favorable terms.

Individual accounts are opened for at least 3 calendar years. The maximum deposit amount is 400,000 rubles per year.

The investor has the right:

• receive a tax deduction from the entire amount of contributions;
• get a deduction from the return on investment.

IIS is not the latest development of Russian financiers, but a borrowed technology. Such investment mechanisms have been operating for a long time in many developed countries - the USA, Canada, Japan, Australia. They are called differently, but they have the same essence - exemption of private investors from tax burden.

A legitimate question arises: why is this state so generous that it refuses taxes in favor of private capital?

I believe that the governing structures want to kill several fat birds with the help of IIS implementation:

• to introduce ordinary citizens to the culture of investment;
• increase the demand for securities - in the Russian Federation the stock market is still far from the stage of intensive development;
• provide Russian companies with more affordable money (in comparison with bank loans);
• stimulate citizens to "whitewash" their income - in order to receive a deduction from contributions, the contributor must receive an official salary and be officially considered a taxpayer.

The traditional option for Russian depositors - a bank deposit - is, of course, a reliable thing. But it’s too low-income.

Given that interest rates in financial institutions continue to decline, such a contribution does not even compensate investors for inflationary losses. If we add here the taxes that are imposed on all deposits of individuals, the profits will be very meager.

IIS is another matter. Subject to a reasonable choice of investment instruments, the profitability of such accounts will be higher, and taxes will be fully refunded.

I will tell you how to get a tax deduction in a special section. Here I will only note that this is done through the tax office. Do not be alarmed in advance - this is easier than it seems, and will not require extra efforts from you.

I will explain how IIS works with a specific example.

The investor makes a regular contribution to bonds and shares in the amount of 400,000 rubles. At the end of the year, his income is 10.3%.

The investor opens an individual account with a brokerage company and purchases the same bonds for the same amount. At the end of the year, he receives the same 10.3%, but at the same time returns his paid taxes in the amount of 13% of the amount of the deposit in the IIA. And this is 52,000 rubles (13% of 400,000 rubles).

Investors can choose another deduction option - to return money not from the amount of the deposit, but from the amount of income received.

IIS also has disadvantages. For example, in order to receive a deduction, the depositor needs to keep the money in the account, without withdrawing it from there, for at least 3 years.

The table will show the difference between a deposit and IIS more clearly:

№	Comparison criteria	Bank deposits	IIS
1	The timing	The deposit can be both short-term and long-term	Duration of the deposit - at least 3 years
2	Income	Well defined, in most banks it does not exceed 10%	Not fixed
3	Risks	Minimum	Moderate, because they are not protected by the compulsory bank insurance system
4	Deposit amount	Not limited	Up to 400,000 per year
5	Tax	13%	0%

One more nuance - a bank deposit does not imply active participation of the depositor in receiving income. A brokerage account requires investor time and basic economic knowledge. There is also a compromise option. If you don't have time to deal with your account, transfer the money to trust and go about your business.

A few more features of the IIS:

• every citizen of the Russian Federation has the right to open an account;
• there is no minimum contribution threshold;
• account currency - exclusively rubles;
• one client has the right to open only one IIS;
• IIS status cannot be assigned to existing accounts;
• accounts can be transferred from one organization to another (no deduction is lost).

Who is this investment tool designed for? First of all - for active citizens with constant incomes who are not satisfied with bank rates and are looking for more profitable and promising options for deposits.

Such an account is perfect for targeted use. For example, to save money for education or buying real estate, as an addition to retirement savings.

You will find more information on how to properly manage deposits in the article "".

2. What are the advantages of opening IIS - 3 main advantages

And now more about the main advantages of individual accounts.

In fact, there are more than 3 of them, but I will analyze the most obvious and tangible advantages.

Advantage 1.

I have already spoken about this advantage, but I will not be too lazy to repeat it again. A person who opens an IIS exempts the state from paying taxes. More precisely, he returns these taxes through the tax office.

It would be, of course, very good if the amount of tax was added to the deposit automatically, but the system does not work like that: first taxes must be paid, then returned.

The algorithm is as follows. The tax office recalculates the salary of the taxpayer. If it is 400,000 per year or more, then the return will be 52,000 rubles. To confirm this operation, the investor must present a certificate from the place of work, which indicates the amount of taxes paid for the reporting period.

So this scheme is beneficial for people who receive an official salary. Unemployed and freelancers benefit from another option - a deduction of tax payments from income.

Advantage 2. Tax exemption on all income

Active investors have the right to take advantage of the second preferential investment option. Namely - exemption from taxes of all income under the IIA.

Example

The individual entrepreneur decided to increase his profits and put 400 thousand rubles. to a brokerage account. He chose a risky investment in stocks and earned a 40% annual return. For three years, the profit amounted to 480,000 rubles.

From this amount, the investor must pay 13% of personal income tax. This is 62,400 rubles. But since the account is individual, all income remains with the investor. More precisely, he refunds the tax by writing a corresponding application to the tax office.

Advantage 3. Risk protection

Any investment involves risks. It's unavoidable. However, by opening an IIS, you are insured, if not from the loss of all income, then at least that part of it that will go towards paying taxes.

Acting on a conservative strategy - for example, investing exclusively in government and corporate bonds, you minimize the likelihood of losing funds and at the same time protect your assets from inflation.

3. Where can you invest with IIS - 3 profitable assets

Now you know why IIS is profitable and reliable.

It remains to decide where to invest money.

Individual accounts are opened by:

• in reliable management companies;
• in brokerage firms;
• in banks that manage client assets.

Money is invested in highly liquid investment instruments - bonds, stocks, mutual funds, options and futures.

I'll tell you about the most popular destinations.

Asset 1. Bonds

This type of securities is comparable in reliability to a bank deposit. Bonds, like bank deposits, have a maturity and interest rate. The only difference is that the owner has the right to sell the bonds at any time he sees fit.

By choosing bonds with a maturity of 3-5 years, you will make a reliable conservative contribution, the duration of which corresponds to the 3-year term of the IIA.

There are 2 types of bonds - federal and corporate. The first type is produced by the state, the second - by large commercial companies. During the period of the bond's validity, the issuer pays coupons (interest payments) to the owners, at the end of the term redeems the body of the bond.

When choosing this tool, pay attention to the key parameters of the security - the reliability of the issuer, maturity dates, the amount of interest and the date of their payment. All information about bonds is (ideally) in the public domain on the website of the issuing organization.

Example

Federal bonds were issued in April 12.

The website of the Ministry of Finance has the following data on these securities:

• the cost of one bond is 1000 rubles;
• maturity date (return of the bond body) - April 17, 2017;
• interest rate - 7.4% per annum;
• coupon payment - every six months.

In theory, a deposit in the Ministry of Finance's securities is even more reliable than a bank deposit. For who is able to provide guarantees more backed by money than the main financial administration of the country?

Asset 2. Stock

All literate people know what shares are. These are the shares of enterprises embodied in securities. By purchasing shares, you become a full-fledged co-owner of the company and have the right to receive dividends from profits.

They also trade shares, making money on capitalization - that is, on the growth of the value of securities. The more successful the business of the issuing company, the higher the price of its shares. Money is invested in shares through a broker who opens an IIS for you, or through a management company.

There are stocks that are actively growing in price, there are those that, on the contrary, are falling in price. For example, Yandex shares in 2016 grew by almost 65%, Sberbank - by 63%. But the securities of Gazprom, on the contrary, fell in value by 1%.

It would seem, take and buy, but the problem is that predicting the rise and fall of stock prices is a thankless task. Even recognized economic analysts are constantly mistaken, what to say about ordinary brokers and investors.

4. How to open an individual investment account - 5 main steps

Individual accounts are only available to private investors. The opening procedure is not much different from opening an ordinary brokerage account.

But there are some nuances. I'll tell you about them.

Stage 1. Choosing a company

The choice of a mediator depends on your personal ability and preference. If you are an experienced investor and have the time to do stock trading, choose brokerage accounts. If you are pressed for time and a stock market kettle, turn the steering wheel over to the management company and relax in the passenger seat.

In any case, pay attention to the general criteria for the reliability of the intermediary:

• experience in the market;
• positive feedback from real investors is ideal: your friends, relatives and acquaintances told about the company;
• transparency in financial transactions.

Stage 2. Application submission

The application is submitted directly to the organization where you wish to open an account. Some financial companies open accounts for clients remotely - it's simple, convenient, and most importantly - fast. True, for this, in most situations, you need registration on the State Services portal and an electronic signature.

Stage 3. Conclusion of a contract

Having issued a bank account, the client receives an agreement in his hands. If an IIS is opened in a brokerage company, an act of accession to the company's regulations is issued. The investor is assigned an individual code and opens access to his personal account.

Stage 4.

Account opening occurs automatically after all formalities have been completed. The organization sends to the tax notice on the opening of the IIS, and you become an official participant in the program.

Stage 5. Deposit of funds

There are time limits during which the client is required to deposit at least the minimum funds into the account. If it is not possible to deposit the entire amount at once, deposit as much as you have. This will allow the grace period to begin reporting.

For those who want to engage in real investments, we have prepared the publication "".

5. Where is it better to open an individual investment account - an overview of the TOP-3 brokerage companies

To make it easier for readers to choose an intermediary, the experts of our magazine have prepared an overview of the top three most reliable brokerage companies.

Read, compare and make a decision.

1) OLMA

The OLMA group of companies has been operating in the brokerage market since 1992. This is one of the oldest Russian brokers with an impeccable track record. Moreover, the organization stood at the origins of the creation of the Russian stock market.

When opening an IIS, the company's specialists will advise the client in detail on the procedure for opening an account and refunding tax deductions. Employees will help to form an investment portfolio in accordance with the goals and objectives of the investor and will select a ready-made investment strategy. Average income on deposits on IIA - 29% per annum.

2) FINAM

The largest retail broker in the Russian Federation, as well as an investment company specializing in trust management of money and securities. It has been operating since 1994 and is one of the TOP-5 leading investment firms in Russia.

The company provides individual professional advice to clients who wish to open an individual account. Upon receipt of the tax deduction, the staff will help users file their tax return online. Guaranteed income when transferring funds to a brokerage account or trust management - 18%.

3) BCS Broker

National broker of Russia with the highest AAA rating - the ultimate degree of reliability for depositors. 20 years in the brokerage market, more than 130,000 active clients at the time of this writing. Provides investors with access to all existing investment instruments.

Open IIS directly on the site. Professional consultants themselves will select the most promising investment products for long-term deposits and help with tax deductions. Training programs, webinars and seminars are available for beginners of the exchange market.

6. How to get a tax deduction for the contribution of funds to the IIS - 5 simple steps for individuals

So, the account is open, money is dripping, stocks are going up in price, managers are operating your securities with the dexterity of circus jugglers.

All that remains is to get the tax deduction. I'll tell you how it's done.

Step 1. We collect the necessary documents

First, we collect documents. You will need a 2-NDFL certificate confirming the fact that you have paid taxes in full. And don't forget your ID. You may need a certificate from a broker that you really have an IIS.

Step 2. We fill out the tax return

The 3-NDFL declaration is submitted to the tax office. See the form of the document on the FTS website. Data on the tax deduction from the amount of the contribution to the IIS is indicated in the corresponding line. Let me remind you that the amount indicator cannot exceed 400,000 rubles.

Get help from brokerage firms that support clients with filing their tax returns. This minimizes the likelihood of errors.

Step 3. We submit documents to the tax office

There are 2 ways to submit a declaration - at the tax office at the place of residence or through the FTS website. Use the service "Taxpayer's Personal Account" and you will not have to go anywhere. The declaration is accompanied by an application for a tax deduction plus the details to which this money will be transferred.

Hello dear readers of my blog! Today we will continue the topic of investing and we will study the benefits of investing in IIS... The main thing that attracts investors to IIS is tax incentives, which allows you to get a good additional income. True, there are a number of details in this matter that novice investors at first do not pay attention to. Today we will figure out where it is better to open an individual investment account, by what criteria to choose a company, and consider several the best offers on the market.

Understanding the terminology

The question of what is an individual investment account has a lot in common with a regular brokerage account, it just has tax incentives. Anyone can open it not only a resident of the Russian Federation.

Allocate 2 types of IIS depending on how the investor receives the tax credit:

• type A- in him tax refunded, which the investor paid from his income for a certain period of time. It is more convenient to understand the principle of operation using an example. Suppose your salary is 25,000 rubles, for a year tax of 39,000 is paid on this income (rate 13%). When investing in IIS, you will be compensated for this amount. It should be borne in mind that the maximum investment amount per year from which you can get a deduction is 400,000 rubles, so income is limited to 52,000 rubles. Wherein total amount that can be added to the IIS is limited 1,000,000 rubles / year.
• type B- the difference from the previous one is that the investor does not enjoy tax deduction, that is, no one will compensate him for the taxes paid. On the other hand, there is no tax on profits when the account is closed. So if during the course of the account you are actively reinvesting (this topic is devoted to), then it makes sense to choose this particular type of account. When it is closed, it must be provided reference that the investor did not use the tax deduction.

On a type A account, no one prohibits receiving additional income from working on the stock market, but in this case, 13% of the additional income will have to be paid in the form of tax. To make the most of the advantages of the first type of IMS, it is advisable to invest regularly. As for whether what type of account is preferable, then there is no universal answer. It all depends on the particular investor and on the style of his work. If active work is expected on the stock market, and the expected income exceeds 100% of the invested amount, then it makes sense to use IMS type B.

Investment account insurance

Question safety of funds when investing is always especially acute. If you are worried about IIS - whether your deposit is insured by the state or not, then I have to upset you, deposit insurance is not provided. Now the State Duma is considering options for insuring IIS accounts, but the timing of the adoption of the law and the amount to be insured are not known at the moment.

Since 2015, the procedure has been greatly simplified, so that you can even open an IIS remotely. This has provoked an increase in the number of open accounts of this type in recent years. You can open IIS on one's own through government services. The process takes from strength A couple of minutes.

Where is the best place to open IIS?

You can open IIS:

• from a broker;
• a bank with a brokerage license;
• from the management company.

The practice of opening investment accounts in the world

IIS is not a unique offer for Russia. This practice is widespread in the world, the working conditions differ, as well as the maximum possible investment amounts. For example, in England you can open ISA(individual savings accounts), moreover, you can invest in them up to £ 15,000. V USA there are similar retirement accounts ( IRA), v Canada – RRSP, that is, the registered pension savings plans. Investing risks are small, this explains the popularity of IIS among the population.

What to look for when choosing

The choice can be tricky, especially if you haven’t come across investment accounts before. In the question of where it is better to open an IIS, consider the following factors:

• are you going invest immediately or some time after opening an account... If you plan to do this not at the time of opening an account, but later, then immediately cross out the management companies from the list of applicants. In them, a certain amount must be immediately deposited on the IIS;

• the ability to open an account online... For example, VTB 24 does not provide such an opportunity, so if there is no branch in your city, it will automatically drop out of the applicants;
• minimum amount limit;
• turnover commission;
• monthly fee;
• quality of technical support work... A very important point, especially for beginners. Employees should not float about investing. From this point of view, BCS is out of competition - support works at a high level and the chance to run into a newcomer is extremely small;
• what markets are available for IIS... It all depends on the preferences of the investor; companies have different attitudes towards this issue. For example, in Finam there are no restrictions, but Promsvyazbank does not provide an opportunity to work with the foreign exchange and derivatives markets for IIS;
• offered products and working conditions for them... There are very large differences in these parameters. Some brokers are suitable for investors with small capital, while others, on the contrary, are more focused on depositors with amounts close to the maximum. For instance, VTB 24 offers for deposits from 300,000 rubles the opportunity to use auto-following strategies through a broker, and the broker Opening- twice as many strategies for deposits from 50,000 rubles.

Next, I prepared a small review of the best in my opinion proposals for opening IIS... Not only the working conditions were taken into account, but also the feedback from the contributors. It will help you to save time upon independent study of the conditions provided by the companies.

Finam

The broker makes it possible to open an IIS online. At the same time, the investor gets the opportunity to work for stock, derivatives and currency markets, it is possible to trade on the St. Petersburg and Moscow stock exchanges. Funds are credited to single account, from which the investor gets access to several trading platforms at once.

You can start investing already from 5000 rubles, however, it is difficult to count on a serious income with such an amount, moreover, trading operations will be blocked until the amount of funds on the account exceeds 30,000 rubles... So it is precisely this amount that I recommend focusing on at least. The site has a small online calculator. By entering the estimated investment amount, you can get a recommendation on which is more profitable - to receive a tax deduction or exempt profits from taxes.

At the moment, the commission is the same for any turnover up to 1 million rubles and amounts to 0.0354%. There is auto-follow strategies, the yield depends on the degree of risk.

Commission

A little more detail about commissions:

• stock section MOEX- with a turnover of up to 1 million rubles, the commission is equal to 0,0354% ;
• currency section- with a turnover of up to 1 million rubles 0,0332% ;
• urgent section ( futures and options) – $ 0.45 per contract;
• US stock market- with a turnover of up to $ 17,000, the commission is 0,0354% .

The management company " Finam management". Here, the lower threshold for investing in IIA is already from 300,000 rubles.
Funds are credited to the account without commission from the company, possibly early closure of IIS no interest on the part of the broker. In this case, the deduction from investment income is 10%.

BCS

Offers to open an IIS and invest from 300,000 rubles. You can work with the stock, derivatives and foreign exchange markets, there is access to the Moscow Exchange, there is no access to SPBEXCHANGE. You can open IIS, as in the case of Finam, online. Available margin lending at 14.5% for sales and 17.5% for longs.

Commission depends on the turnover and ranges from 0.0354% for a turnover of up to 1 million rubles to 0.0177% for a turnover of 15 million rubles. It cannot be less than 35.4 rubles per 1 deal. You can choose a tariff option without this limitation, but in this case you will have to work with high percentages. The first month is valid preferential offer, within which the commission is equal to 0.0177% regardless of the achieved turnover. There are other options - you can compare tariffs on the broker's website, but BCS Start is optimal for IIS.

Of the interesting proposals, I will note the possibility investing in notes(ruble and currency). The yield on them ranges from 12.5% ​​to 14.5% per annum, respectively. You can invest in OFZ portfolio or in portfolio of bonds, the yield in this case will be slightly lower.

For work, the web version of Quick or the terminal version for mobile devices is used.

Zerich

The broker makes it possible to open an IIS online. Offered 2 types of investing in IIS:

1. « State reliability". The minimum investment threshold is 30,000 rubles, the investor receives 13% tax deduction + approximately 10% income from investment in bonds... In this tariff, it is assumed that funds are invested in OFZs, an income of 10% on the site is indicated as an approximate value, in reality it may be higher. The maximum investment amount per year is 1 million rubles.
2. « Currency stability". The investor receives the same 13% tax deduction + up to 9.5% of income in foreign currency. In this case, the invested funds are channeled into Eurobonds. Threshold for investment from 100,000 rubles.

Commissions

There is no separate tariff for IIS, within the tariff “ Universal»The commissions are as follows:

• for the stock market- 0.055% of the transaction volume;
• for the foreign exchange market- 0.03% of the transaction volume;
• derivatives market- 0.85 rubles per 1 contract;
• available margin lending, the percentage is calculated according to the formula 9% + market rate, for securities 15%.

One of the requirements of the tariff " Universal» - investments from 100,000 rubles... There are other tariff options, for example, “ Revolving", There is no requirement for the size of the deposit at all. But the commission is also higher, for example, in the foreign exchange market, you will have to pay from 0.075%. This broker has a pretty good implementation, so if you are thinking of starting to work in the stock market on your own, then pay attention to him.

Opening

It stands out against the background of others in that there is no minimum required amount for investing in IIS... After opening and replenishing an account, an investor gets full access to the stock, derivatives and foreign exchange markets, and can work for MYEX. SPBEXCHANGE is not available.

Stands out separate tariff for individual investment accounts... Briefly about working conditions and commissions:

• stocks and bonds- from 0.04 rubles per trade or 0.057% of its volume;
• Eurobonds on MOEX- 0.04 rubles or 0.015%;
• currency market- 1 ruble per transaction or 0.035%;
• available margin lending at 13% for sales and 18.4% for purchases;
• work is being done through QUIK, the cost of monthly access is 250 rubles. This amount is not charged from those clients whose balance in the company is equal to or exceeds 50,000 rubles.

Note that tariffs are given for self-managed IIS... There is another type of tariff, called Model portfolio (IIS), is aimed at those who are going to use the services of analysts, and not trade on their own. Basically, if you are new to the market and do not even know, then it is better to stop at it.

Management company "Otkrytie"

Access to the IIS is also given by the management company OTKRITIE UK LLC, do not confuse it with the broker of the same name. There is no way to open an account online, moreover you can only invest amounts from 50,000 rubles... Investment income fees are up to 15%.

The opening offers several interesting finished products:

• there are options structured products with capital protection, you will need to invest from 250,000 rubles;
• can use one of the strategies with a minimum investment level from 50,000 rubles. Working with them is carried out through a management company;
• I have an opportunity trade on recommendations... In this case, notifications about which bonds to buy on the IIS come in the form of an SMS message to the client's number or to his email.

Unlike brokers who almost compete with their management companies, Otkritie actively cooperates with it. This is evidenced by the fact that the products are implemented through it.

VTB

VTB is inferior to the companies mentioned above in a number of indicators:

• here there is no way to open IIS remotely;
• the client gets access only to the stock and derivatives markets... Moscow and St. Petersburg stock exchanges, as well as the foreign exchange market remain inaccessible;
• commissions are higher than those of competitors.

Let us dwell on commissions separately - for the tariff “ Professional standard»:

• with a turnover of 10 million rubles – 0,02124%;
• 5-10 million rubles – 0,02596%;
• 1-5 million rubles – 0,0295%;
• up to 1 million rubles – 0,0472%.

If you choose " Investor standard", Then the commission does not depend on the turnover and is fixed 0,0413% ... Of the interesting proposals, I can only note a few auto-follow strategies... Work with them is organized through a broker, while on the account you need to have at least 300,000 rubles. Signals will be issued only for Roscompania shares traded on My.

Margin lending conditions- 13% for short positions and 16.8% for long positions. Additionally, the bank charges 0.2% commission, this commission is debited at the end of the trading session. In general, if you plan to trade on one's own, then this is not the best choice of a broker for IIS. "Discovery" looks much better from this point of view.

Alpha Capital

IIS is opened through a management company. This option is interesting because the company ranks first in the number of open individual investment accounts (among management companies). Another argument in its favor is the maximum amount of investors' funds managed by the company.

Now working conditions with IIS:

• you can open an account online, without fiddling with government services, and even more so a personal visit to the company's office;
• you can invest from 10,000 rubles;
• there is 3 robust work strategies... Funds are invested in OFZs, stocks and corporate bonds. Moreover, statistics on them have been conducted since 2015, that is, from the very time when everyone could afford the IIS;
• service cannot be called the most profitable- you will have to pay a total of 4% (2% per annum + 2% of the invested amount).

In principle, everything is simple and straightforward at Alfa Capital Management Company. The most important thing - reliability, from this point of view, it can be classified as a leader. If you are thinking about where it is more profitable to open an IMS in terms of reliability, then it is definitely worth taking a closer look.

Strategies for working with individual investment accounts

You can simply invest the funds allocated for this purpose and simply forget about them for 3 years. But to make the most of money, it’s better to work according to strategy. It will bring maximum financial return.

I will briefly describe several strategies for working with IIS.

1. Shortening of investment terms... Remember that money cannot be withdrawn within 3 years, otherwise we will not receive a tax deduction, and a number of companies may also write off a penalty for early closing an account. But there is loophole, allowing to reduce the period during which money will be unavailable. To do this, you need an IMS of type A (that is, open with a broker). An account is opened, but money is not immediately transferred there. For example, they opened it in January 2017, then in December 2018 (almost 2 years after opening) they introduced 400,000 rubles there, and in March 2019 the state will reimburse 52,000 rubles. At the end of 2019, we again enter 400,000 rubles, get a tax deduction in 2020 and close the account. Eventually money freeze time has been shortened.
2. Selection of a broker who withdraws profit from coupons and dividends to a bank account, card, or another account with the same company. In this case, you can try to make money by buying securities with high dividends. Truth, the risk increases dramatically.
3. IIS for relatives... If there is a lot of money, then we take all family members, and open an IIS for each. We deposit funds and receive a tax deduction.
4. Reinvestment- the tax deduction is immediately deposited into a regular account, and trading is conducted.
5. Long operation of IMS... Until the account is closed, no one will collect income tax. So you don't have to close your account and work peacefully.
6. Small amounts can be deposited regularly and invest in OFZs and shares... A decent amount will come up in a few years.

Whichever strategy you choose - choose your broker carefully... My small IIS rating will help with this.

General issues

In this section, I will briefly try to answer the most common questions IIS related:

• Investment term? From 3 years old.
• Is it possible to early account closure? Yes, but tax deduction or profit tax exemption will be canceled.
• Is it possible to have several IIS? No, one person can only have 1 account.
• How much can you invest? Up to 400,000 rubles, this is the maximum for which the deduction will apply. Despite this, remember that you can deposit up to 1,000,000 rubles per year into your account.
• When can I invest? If an agreement is concluded with a broker, then this can be done immediately after opening an account. It is profitable to open an IIS so that there is always an opportunity to invest free money in it. The three-year period is counted from the date of the conclusion of the contract.
• How to open IIS? Online. If this function is not available, then upon a visit to the broker / MC's office.
• What is the difference between a management company and a broker? The agreement with the management company deals with trust management, and with a broker - about brokerage services.
• Is it possible to transfer IIS from one broker to another? Yes, it is possible.

Summary

If you look at it, for a number of reasons, IIS is more profitable than a simple bank deposit. In the bank, your money will bring you income no more than that specified in the contract, and when working with IIS there is a real chance of getting more.

So my advice to you is to select a broker (preferably from among those considered) and open an IIS. It will not need to be replenished right away, but when free money appears, you can invest it and shorten the freezing time. Remember - the optimal time for investments is December, the tax deduction will need to be issued before 30.04 of the next year for the previous year.

This concludes my brief overview of individual investment accounts. Ask all questions in the comments and do not forget to subscribe to updates on my blog. I promise there will be many more interesting things.

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Any experienced investor will say that the main risk does not come from brokers, securities, etc., but ... from the investor himself.

This is unusual to hear for beginners whose efforts are directed towards finding the best ("") broker, the most profitable investment instrument, etc.

IIS has not existed for a long time for numerous stories of people whose capital suffered losses as a result of investments in IIS appeared on the Internet, but such stories will surely appear in large quantities.

The initiators of the “Individual Investment Account” benefit also understand this, therefore, very interesting legislative initiatives in the field of IIS await us in the near future, which we will also consider here.

The author of these lines, working with different people, saw many examples when a person who was originally going to just buy dollars on the MICEX currency section without commission or dividend shares for his retirement, was drawn into the game trying to guess the further movement of the asset and play on the price difference, losing part of their capital in the course of an emotional game.

The main risk is the investor

Investing is a craft, not a game. Therefore, you need to do this consciously and consistently. And that means not hoping for luck, not considering yourself smart, “lucky”, etc. As the saying goes, “Thoughts about our own exclusivity are exactly what makes us very similar.”

In everyday life, we can see a lot of examples of the correctness of this approach. We want the surgeon who performs the operation on us to rely on his experience and knowledge, and not on luck. In the end, when choosing to shop in a store, we are guided by something more complex and rational than hoping for luck, for example, comparing prices or expiration dates of products.

But for some reason, when it comes to investing, we stop using these sound approaches, and start treating it as a kind of "succeed / fail" lottery. So, if you do everything "right", then there will be no such alternative, and the result will always "work out"!

First, consider what prevents us from doing the “right” thing.

Investment failure factors:

1. Making frequent trades (more often than once a month for one instrument)
2. Excitement, emotions, impatience
3. The use of borrowed money (including the active use of margin lending)

Not

The words "securities", "stock market", "stock exchange", "brokers" in the majority of "unprepared" people associate with huge earnings.

It is naive to count on 100% and even 50% per annum every year. No, of course, in some years the investor's capital may show an increase of even + 100% per year, but this is an exception.

Why is it so bad to be “optimistic” and tune in to higher returns? Because based on our expectations, we will select the appropriate investment instruments. Expectations of high profits will spur us to take actions that are harmful to us (see below): choose more risky strategies and more risky instruments.

In general, this factor is put in the first place, also because it provokes the appearance of all other factors of unsuccessful investments:

Making frequent deals

This negative factor can be a consequence of the previous one, but it can develop on its own.

The investor has the illusion that by making more frequent transactions, he can increase the profitability of his investments:

- O! This week my capital has grown by + 3%! If I can do this every week, then ... I will earn + 144% per annum! ( calculation deliberately wrong). It's so easy! We must sell now, and then buy again at a lower price ...

And, as they say in the famous cartoon, "I started playing a toss, got in touch with the pirates and rolled."

Frequent deals are deals more than once a month in one instrument, although this is already a lot. For most entry-level investors, it should take 2-4 trades per year.

This rule does not apply to cases when money for IIS comes monthly as part of the salary directed to investments. In this case, it may be profitable to purchase investment instruments on them immediately after the receipt of the amounts.

Why frequent trades are bad?

• They reduce the return on investment
• They encourage the development of excitement, emotional imbalance, the need to keep track of prices, etc.

The role of the first factor is not always obvious at first glance. But one has only to make simple calculations and it becomes scary.

Example

Let's take, for an illustrative example, the highest brokerage commissions (at Sberbank) = 0.2% of the transaction amount.

If we buy and sell any investment instrument for the full amount, then our capital will decrease by about -0.4% (in fact, a little less). If we do this at least 6 times in one year, we will lose -2% of our initial capital!

For conservative investments (10-15% per annum) this is a very high barrier!

Depositary commissions haven’t gotten here yet! The most annoying thing is that we have to pay this 2% in our example in any case, no matter how profitable our investment turned out to be.

Excitement, emotions, impatience

These phenomena can be both a consequence of the previous factor, and vice versa, its cause.

The presence of these emotions certainly indicates that we are on a slippery slope.

Why is that bad? Focus and engagement leads to tension and tunnel thinking, blocks common sense and logic.

In life, we are also familiar with this:

• In childhood, sitting at a computer toy, it is very difficult to get away from it for 15 minutes and walk to the store at the request of the parents, which makes us feel bad very soon (they prohibit the computer, some other "buns").
• When we talk on the phone, while looking at the monitor, where something interesting is happening. Regardless of what we are more captured by, we cannot pay attention: either what is happening on the monitor, or talking on the phone.

Borrowed money

This is a very difficult mistake that newbies or people in a state of emotional capture make (these states can last for months). The use of borrowed money with a probability of 99% leads to an unsuccessful investment result:

• If the loan is paid, then it will "eat up" the entire return on investment, and most likely even more
• Using borrowed money creates emotional pressure that leads to irrational decisions (see excitement and emotion)

We are talking not only about a regular loan, but also about the hobby for margin lending. Margin lending captivates with its availability and seemingly cheapness after the usual consumer loans: a broker is ready to provide us with a loan at a cost of 12-20% per annum in a split second.

No red tape and formalities: a click of the mouse, and now we have borrowed funds at our disposal, which we can either withdraw or spend on the purchase of additional investment instruments.

It's like in life: the more often we use credit, the poorer we become, the harder we have to work to get it back, etc.

Bitter irony: autocorrection changes the word "marginal" to "marginal", which is suggestive.

Now it is the turn to talk about the factors that accompany a good investment.

Successful investment factors:

1. Realistic return expectations
2. Having constant earnings / income
3. Choosing the right tools
4. Reasonableness: understanding the nature of the investment instruments used
5. Peace of mind, satisfaction
6. Skillful use of tax incentives

Realistic return expectations

We will immediately discuss it in the context of IIS. After all, the tax break greatly increases the profitability of any investment instruments and strategies.

Profitability benchmarks for IIA:

1. 12-16% per annum for risk-free investment.
2. 10% -25% per annum for a stock portfolio
3. options arising from the combinations of items 1 and 2

In fact, there is no “ceiling” for a portfolio of stocks, and in fact, the return on the long horizon can be much higher. But it makes sense to focus on these numbers.

But the term of the IIS agreement is only 3 years. And this is a very short time for a portfolio of shares to show itself "in all its glory." Moreover, on such a horizon, a portfolio entirely of stocks may even show a loss.

For a portfolio of stocks to perform well, you need a horizon of at least 3-5 years. Therefore, when it becomes clear what will happen to the assets on the IIA after the expiration of the contract, it will be possible to change the specified benchmarks, but for now be guided by them.

Of course, you can choose speculative instruments and strategies (we'll talk about them too), but we, investors, don't need it. Those who invest and do it consistently from year to year do not make risky bets and do not expose themselves to great risks.

Permanent earnings

An unexpected and completely underestimated factor helping an investor:

• Salary (or other income) allows you to realize suddenly emerging opportunities in the securities market. For example, to buy OFZ during the crisis of December 2014. and to fix for the coming years a risk-free profitability of + 17% per annum (this together with a tax deduction). Or buy a savings bank for 15 rubles in 2008, where it slipped from 100 rubles.
• Constant earnings give emotional peace. The inevitable fluctuations in capital will trouble us from time to time. But having a source of income will give us peace of mind (and, as a consequence, the necessary patience to wait for the desired results).

Example

Our salary is 50 thousand rubles.

On IIS 400 thousand, invested: 50% in shares, 50% in OFZ. In some month there was a drop in the stock market by -10%, which led to the fact that the entire portfolio temporarily "sank" by -5% or by -20 thousand rubles.

20 thousand rubles is only 1/2 of our salary, such losses do not threaten our lives, our values ​​and consumption habits. Is it a loss if she:

• temporary
• "Fights back" with just two weeks of work

Therefore, we are calm.

But the most important thing, of course, is the opportunity to take advantage of the crisis (as in 2008 or 2014) and purchase assets at attractive prices.

Choosing the right tools and acting wisely

The beginners' focus is on finding the most profitable instruments that give the maximum profit, and this often leads to losses. An experienced person understands that it is pointless to study profitability in isolation from the risks (and other characteristics) inherent in a given specific profitability.

Example

There are two assets:

• 1st has a historical profitability of + 20% per annum with the maximum possible "drawdown" of -40% per annum
• 2nd has a historical profitability of + 15% per annum with risks (drawdown) -2%

It looks paradoxical at first glance, but the second instrument will be preferable for the majority of investors! See for yourself what the disproportion is: the profitability of the second option is only a quarter lower, and the risk is 20 times lower.

Many people, especially at the beginning of the "investing path", approach their investment instrument as a kind of black box. This black box produces this or that result, but how it works and what logic determines such its behavior - it remains outside the scope of awareness. If you're lucky, he will give out something good. And if he gave something "bad" - it means that he was out of luck.

All other things being equal, it is better to prefer a more understandable instrument than a more profitable instrument (this more profitable instrument may hide higher risks that are not clear to us at the moment).

Several conclusions follow from this:

• On IIS, we need to abandon structured products: apart from the fact that they are expensive, we do not always fully understand how they work. When we understand how they work, we see that we ourselves can do it without expensive intermediaries.
• Increasing the investor's competence (knowledge level) reduces his risks

From life:

It is better to take the money to the bank at 8% per annum than to give it to a friend for "a very profitable business project, until I say which one, but everything will be very cool, you will be covered in chocolate."

Investor Protection Law

In order to protect IIA investors from their own incompetence, in 2017 it is planned to pass a law that significantly restricts novice investors, protecting them from mistakes.

Of course, such an interpretation of this law is fair only from the point of view of inexperienced investors, since many savvy investors will “suffer” from these same constraints.

The proposed measures are as follows:

• Introduce investor competence assessment levels
• Depending on the level of the investor's competence, he will have limited access to certain instruments
• Entry-level investors are supposed to be "allowed" to use only bonds
• Investor promotions will be available only after passing qualifying exams (format and technical details are being discussed)
• It also discusses the minimum capital requirements that an investor of one category or another must have. For example, investors whose capital is less than 400 thousand rubles are supposed to be prohibited from purchasing shares

Of course, as with the introduction of OSAGO, conscientious accident-free drivers who have become obliged to bear the costs suffered, so with the introduction of this law there will be a lot of dissatisfied.

There are many people who are quite experienced in the securities market, whose capital may be below the threshold value, and these restrictions will prevent them from realizing their experience and potential. That is why the law is contradictory.

But if you think about it, the number of potential IIS contributors, for the sake of which this is being done, exceeds 1 million people, and those who will "suffer" will hardly be 5-10 thousand people.

• Those who want to use more complex and more profitable (risky) instruments will be able to do this, but with the appropriate knowledge or capital
• Those without knowledge will use simple and low-risk instruments (OFZ, other bonds)

We have considered the most important factors contributing to the success of investments in IMS. However, these principles fair for any investment, whether it be real estate or other types of assets that do not use the infrastructure of the financial markets.

The role of peace of mind mentioned in this context is reluctant to bring a smile. Is it really that important? Or "Now, if I have a profit, then I will be calm, and not vice versa!"

It is very difficult to explain what is at stake here, so perhaps a separate article will be devoted to this in the future.

Skillful use of tax incentives implies effective use of IIA, but it is not limited to this, because IIA is just one of several tax incentives for investors. More details about other benefits and tax optimization methods will be discussed in other materials.

Summarizing all of the above, practical instruction for successful investments for a novice investor it will look like this:

1. Invest in OFZs at first. As you gain experience, you can increase the share of shares in the portfolio to 30-70%, but let it happen in an evolutionary way (and this path may take more than one year)
2. Do not use margin lending
3. Increase literacy
4. Do not use structured products (in general, do not use tools, the meaning of which we do not understand)
5. Do not use recommendations that we do not understand
6. Do not choose investment instruments on a "whim": it is better to "sit" in understandable low-risk OFZs while the development of other instruments is in progress

Happy investment!

(When we say "successful investment" we mean those investments where the role of luck is minimal 🙂

When a client comes to the broker's office to open a brokerage account, the company's employees often specify which account needs to be opened. As a rule, broker's client managers offer to open two types of accounts - brokerage (standard trading account) and IIS (individual investment account). What's the difference between them? Which option should you choose? The answers are in our article.

Broker account

First, let's figure out what a person gets by opening a regular brokerage account and crediting funds to it? First of all - the opportunity to become a trader / investor, to make transactions on the exchange with a whole list of assets (securities - stocks and bonds, currency, shares, futures, options, and so on) and, as a result, receive profitability from exchange trading. Clients of the brokerage company are provided with special software, with the help of which they will be able to observe the dynamics of prices of various assets and make transactions with them.

Rice. 1. Trading terminal QUIK - a program for making transactions with exchange-traded assets

As for the income received from transactions made on the brokerage account, it is subject to income tax at the rate of 13%, and the broker is a tax agent, that is, he pays the tax for the client himself. The client can deposit money into the account in any amount and whenever he wishes. Moreover, a trader can choose how he would like to conduct his trading activities: independently or with the advice of a broker. Or even connect various options for interaction - for example, a trust management service, when the broker's professionals make transactions on the client's account, according to the chosen investment strategy.

Individual investment account

To popularize exchange trading and the inflow of investment capital of the population into the Russian economy Video course: Individual investment account Since January 1, 2015, for individuals (residents of the Russian Federation), legislators have introduced individual investment accounts - IIS. The owners of such accounts have the opportunity to register tax deductions, thus increasing the return on investment. To date, more than 200 thousand people have already taken advantage of this opportunity. Let's figure out what this type of account gives and whether it is worth opening an IIS.

When opening an individual investment account, an investor / trader gets the opportunity to perform transactions with exchange-traded assets that are also available when working on a standard brokerage account - stocks, bonds, derivatives, currencies traded on the Moscow Exchange.

The main difference between an IIS and a brokerage account is that IIS owners have advantages in the form of tax deductions.

The fact is that the owner of the IIS can choose what kind of deduction he wants to receive. In total, there are two types of deductions: type "A" - deduction for contributions and type "B" - for income. The essence of the type "A" deduction is that the person who opened the IIA can return the paid personal income tax. Simply put, if the person who opened the IIA receives a salary with which taxes are paid, then they can be returned in the form of a deduction for the IIA. Deduction type "B" allows a person not to pay tax on income received from trading operations on this account.

But in addition to the listed preferences, IIS also has its own limitations. Firstly, the maximum amount of annual replenishment should not exceed 400 thousand rubles. Top-ups can be made IIS changes in 2017 an arbitrary number of times, but the total amount of contributions must be no more than the established one (taking into account 13% of personal income tax, it turns out that by type of deduction "A"). IIS can be closed only three years after the opening of such an account (precisely after opening, and not crediting funds), otherwise it becomes an ordinary brokerage account, and the tax deductions issued earlier will have to be returned to the state. One person can have only one IIS. If an investor decides to open an IIA in another company, he has the right to transfer funds available in the old IIA to a new account. Thus, the investor still remains the owner of one IIA.

Now about the options for maintaining IIS. As well as for a standard brokerage account, you can choose an independent option for performing trading operations, consulting management (when the broker offers up-to-date investment ideas) and trust management (when the investor only monitors the received profitability according to a predetermined investment strategy).

IIS gives its owner a number of advantages over a standard brokerage account and does not oblige its holder to do anything. Taking into account the fact that the three-year period begins from the moment the IIS is opened, such an account can be opened and held without taking any action.

Conclusion

What is better to open - a brokerage account or an IIS? Both options have their advantages. You can have a classic brokerage account and perform trading operations on it, and invest the resulting surplus of funds in the IIS.

It is worth considering that IIS implies long-term cooperation with a brokerage company, so its choice must be taken seriously. It must be a large company with highly qualified specialists and high reliability ratings.

An individual investment account is one of the ways to invest equity capital, available only to Russian citizens. IIS is an experiment of the state, which provides the population with benefits when investing in the securities market. Considering that this tool has appeared recently, its features, principles and advantages raise a lot of questions. What is IIS and how does it work? Where is the best place to open an investment account in 2019 in order to be guaranteed to get a high income? Let's try to explain this in simple language for newbie investors.

What is an Individual Investment Account (IIA)?

The population in Russia often prefers to invest in the stock market. To correct this situation and stimulate investment in securities, the state in 2015 launched a program with preferential conditions for citizens.

Or IIS is a brokerage account, the work with which is associated with certain restrictions and tax opportunities. Such an account has a standard purpose - investing free money in securities and earning income, but IIS also has some differences:

• you can open only one account, it is prohibited to have more active accounts at the same time;
• the maximum investment amount is limited to 1 million rubles. in year;
• the minimum investment is not limited;
• it is not necessary to put money immediately after opening, it can be done even at the end of the year;
• to take advantage of the proposed benefits, it is necessary that the account has been opened for 3 years;
• early closure of the IIA is allowed, but the investor loses the right to receive benefits, it will also not be possible to partially withdraw the money;
• income can be left on the account, then it will not be possible to withdraw it in advance, but you can withdraw and dispose of it at your own discretion.

The main difference between IIA and other brokerage accounts is that the investor receives tax benefits. He can issue a deduction for contributions or income - there is only one option to choose from.

Types of individual investment accounts

The principle of receiving income on an investment account is standard - the depositor buys securities, intending to sell them at a higher price. However, depending on the chosen investment strategy, IIS can be of two types:

1. Passive account - the yield here is always standard and amounts to 13% in the form of personal income tax deduction, in addition, you can get profit from conservative investments, but not high. On the other hand, the risks are minimal, since capital is usually directed to the purchase of government securities. This option is suitable for people with official employment and high wages - more than 1 million rubles. in year;
2. An active account is aimed at investors who themselves plan to understand the work of the stock exchange, buy and sell assets. In this case, you will not have to pay income tax. Such an account is suitable for people who understand that the amount of income from securities will be significant - over 13% or in the absence of official employment.

However, it is not necessary to determine in advance the most preferred type of IIA - the optimal benefit must be chosen within 3 years, but before the account is closed. Therefore, it is not possible to calculate a profitable option immediately.

How to get income from IIS in 2019?

Income on an individual investment account is formed of two components: profit received directly from securities, as well as additional tax benefits from the state. How does IIS work?

Investing capital in IIS as a brokerage account

IIS can be used as a regular brokerage account from which it will be possible to make transactions and make a profit. How does this happen?

• You open an account and deposit any amount up to 1 million. This can be done at a time, after a few months, on a regular basis, but only within the current calendar year;
• Choose for yourself a suitable investment strategy - active or passive. In the first case, you buy the securities you want, in the second, you can simply forget about the account for a while, it will be managed by a specialized company;
• You leave the profit received from the operations performed on the IIS or withdraw it to a separate account - this is your income. Its size depends on the quotes for buying and selling. For example, on government bonds you can get about 10%, on shares with low risk - 15-20%, when investing in promising, but start-up companies - over 20%;
• After 3 years, you take the initially invested capital, the profit was received earlier.

In fact, this scheme is similar to the procedure for opening a regular brokerage account - here the interaction is also carried out through an intermediary who will have to pay a commission.

Additional income from IIS - tax deductions

If the procedure for obtaining income from IIS from operations with securities is understandable to investors, then tax incentives raise a lot of questions. How to get another 13% guaranteed in the form of bonuses from the state? Let's try to analyze the choice of the most profitable strategy using an example:

1. Investor Ivan opens IIS, investing 700 thousand rubles. He does not work, is unofficially employed, or has little income, so he chooses a profit deduction. Conducting operations with securities on his IIA, he increased his capital in 3 years to 900 thousand rubles, so he had to pay 26 thousand to the budget according to a standard brokerage account. But, given the privilege, he will save this money, he will not have to pay personal income tax;
2. Investor Peter opened IIS, deposited 300 thousand on it annually, choosing a passive strategy with low risk. His income for 3 years from operations is 180 thousand. Peter is officially employed, his salary per year is 1 million rubles. The amount of personal income tax deductions by years will be: 39,000 * 3 = 107 thousand rubles, the legal limit is 52,000. It is necessary to pay to the budget from profit - 180,000 * 13% = 23,400 rubles. It is more profitable to choose a payroll deduction strategy.

Deduction from personal income tax is provided in the amount of tax paid to the budget, but not more than 13% of the amount of contributions to the investment account in the reporting year. The maximum amount per year is 52,000 rubles, that is, since 2017, the state has increased the maximum contribution to 1 million, but left the deduction as standard.

How to open IIS - instructions for beginners

The procedure for opening IIS is simplified as much as possible and does not cause difficulties even for beginners. This is due not only to the policy of the state, but also to the abundance of financial companies - brokers and intermediaries in the stock market. How to open an individual investment account without leaving your home?

1. Choose a company with which you will open an account - it should be a reliable and experienced intermediary. Find out the size of the commission, evaluate the convenience of cooperation, chat with other investors to avoid pitfalls when investing;
2. Submit an application for opening an IIS - remember that you do not need an ordinary, but an individual investment account. If you have registration on the portal of State Services, filling out the questionnaires will take less time;
3. Conclude an agreement - you can sign it electronically or directly at the intermediary's office. From this date, a three-year period will begin;
4. You can deposit money immediately or within a year - as it is more convenient, you choose the amount yourself, but not more than 1 million;
5. Manage your money yourself, forming an investment portfolio. You can buy stocks, bonds and other securities. If you do not want to manage capital yourself, entrust the trade to a trusted person - a professional.

You can also open an IIS in a broker's office or in a bank branch, if you do not trust electronics, want to get advice and an agreement in person. The whole procedure takes no more than half an hour.

An individual investment account - where is the best place to open?

You can open an IIS at a broker, in a large bank or in a management company - the latter option is most often chosen by beginners who do not want to delve into the intricacies of the stock exchange, preferring a passive individual investment account. Where is the best place to open it?

• Sberbank is the undisputed leader, the most popular company, where the number of IIS is 2 times more than that of competitors. This is due to stability, a simple opening procedure, a wide network of branches where you can get support;
• Finam - the opening is carried out remotely, the investor gets access to the Moscow and St. Petersburg stock exchanges, can work on the stock and foreign exchange markets. The minimum investment is 5,000 rubles;
• Opening Broker - the size of the entry is not set here, the depositor can work only on the Moscow Exchange. In addition to standard commissions, you will have to pay for access to the site, but only with investments up to 50,000 rubles;
• BCS company - you can open an IIA if you have 300,000 rubles, you will be able to invest money in stocks, OFZs, bonds, Russian and foreign notes. The commission depends on the turnover.
• VTB 24 - you can open an account only in a branch; the attention of depositors is presented with several tariff plans of the standard and premium type. Commissions are relatively high here, they decrease with increasing turnover.

Investors open accounts with ATON, UK Alfa-Capital, ALOR +, KIT Finance, Zerich and others, but much less frequently. Unknown intermediaries are not an indicator of the low quality of their services, perhaps in the future they will become market leaders, but for beginners, contacting here is fraught with difficulties and inconveniences.

Pros and cons of investing through IIS

Is it worth opening an investment account to generate income? The growing popularity of IIS is due to its many advantages:

• you receive tax benefits - personal income tax withheld from wages will be returned;
• small amounts of deposits - the minimum entry threshold is not specified;
• you can replenish your account gradually, saving part of the money;
• you can change the management company and transfer capital to another organization;
• it will be possible to close the account ahead of schedule, however, having lost the benefits.

Opening an account is available even for minors, but parental consent is required, which will allow the teenager to try his hand at the financial industry and, possibly, make a decision about his future profession. However, IIS also has disadvantages:

• lack of guarantees - the management company may go bankrupt, the account is not insured;
• IIS works only for securities of Russian companies;
• long investment period - 3 years;
• partial withdrawal of savings from the account is impossible;
• investment caps and tax deductions are limited;
• additional commissions are charged for account management, which reduces profitability.

An individual investment account is a smart alternative to bank deposits and other ways of placing your own capital. IIS works with government support, although one cannot count on large profits here, it is quite possible to get income higher than on a brokerage account if you manage it yourself or choose a professional and experienced intermediary.