Extraordinary stars. The most bizarre and ridiculous Hollywood celebrity outfits of recent times. Where do stars come from

Science and technology

Astronomical photo gallery

Galaxy

A photo: A star losing mass and its nebula
Explanations: The hazy formation around this cool star is light reflected by dust particles surrounding it. The dust originated from the material of the star itself and is believed to consist mainly of silicon found in its outer layers. The rate of mass loss is much higher than usual for stars of this type and is sufficient for the formation of the reflection nebula IC 2220. The fact that the central object in the image is a star can be seen at least from the cruciform "spikes" emerging from it. These are artifacts that have arisen due to the design features of the telescope.
Copyright:(c) 1980 Anglo-Australian Telescope Directorate, photograph by David Malin
D.F. Malin

A photo: A Wolf-Rayet star in the nebula NGC 2359
Explanations: Wolf-Rayet stars are massive, extremely hot, and matter is ejected from their surface at a speed of several thousand kilometers per second. As for the star NGC 2359, the solar wind interacts with the gas and dust around it, generating the cosmic "bubble" visible in the photo. The shell-like layers are formed by the single star HD 56925, which is losing a significant fraction of the matter from its outer layers, throwing it into a part of our Galaxy rich in interstellar gas. Such stars are unusual mainly because such an existence cannot last long.
Copyright:(c) 1979 Anglo-Australian Telescope Directorate, photograph by David Malin
Reproduced with permission: D.F. Malin

A photo: Beta Painter (optical image taken from Earth)
Explanations: Beta Pictoris is a 4th-magnitude star that radiates strongly in the infrared. It is surrounded by a disk of matter of the kind that is believed to eventually lead to the creation of a planetary system.
Copyright:
Reproduced with permission: National Optical Astronomical Observatories

A photo: Faint Nebula NGC 6164-5
Explanations: Very hot, massive stars rapidly lose mass from their surfaces during their short lives. The loss of mass is usually a fairly stable process, but some stars sometimes have violent outbursts. The star HD 148937 has ejected large amounts of matter at least twice in its lifetime; the brightest and most recent ejecta is observed as the nebula NGC 6164-5 (in the center of the image), while the much fainter and older "rim" of the nebula, visible at a considerable distance from the central star, indicates another strong ejection that occurred much before.
Copyright:(c) 1984, Anglo-Australian Telescope Directorate, photograph by David Malin
Reproduced with permission: D.F. Malin

A photo: Double nebula NGC 6164-5 around a bright star
Explanations: The bright central star visible in this photograph is known simply as HD 148937. But as the hottest component of a young, orbiting triple system of stars, it is a rather unusual object, albeit similar in appearance to a planetary nebula. The star itself is shedding mass from its outer layers continuously, but occasional energetic outbursts cause the symmetrical shells seen in this image to appear. Both stellar shells are included in the catalogs as separate objects under the numbers NGC 6164 and NGC 6165,
Copyright:(c) 1981 Anglo-Australian Telescope Directorate, photograph by David Malin
Reproduced with permission: D.F. Malin

A photo: Young stars in the Orion Nebula
Explanations: An image taken by the Hubble Space Telescope shows a small portion of the Orion Nebula (0.14 light years across) and five young stars. Four of them are surrounded by gas and dust masses that were captured by the forming stars. It is possible that they are all protoplanetary disks ("proplyds") that can develop into planetary systems. Formations closer to hot stars appear brighter, while those farther away appear darker.
Copyright:
Reproduced with permission: S.R.O "Dell and NASA

A photo: First images of a true brown dwarf
Explanations: The images show a red dwarf (Gliese 229) of the 8th magnitude, located in the constellation of the Hare at a distance of about 18 light-years. Its much fainter companion Gliese 229B was discovered on October 27, 1994. The companion's semi-major axis is 44 AU. The mass of this object is about 20 - 50 masses of Jupiter, but its density is so great that it has the same diameter as Jupiter (128,000 km). The companion has a low surface temperature and a methane atmosphere, proving that it is a substellar brown dwarf. The image on the left was taken in the far red light range using the adaptive optics coronagraph of the 1.5-meter telescope of the Palomar Observatory (October 1994). The right image taken by the Hubble Space Telescope (November 1995) confirms that the faint speck named Gliese 229B is indeed an object orbiting its parent star.
Copyright:
Reproduced with permission: T. Nakajima (Caltech), S. Durrans (JSU) (left image); S. Kulkarni (Caltech), D. Golimovsky (JSU) and NASA

A photo: protoplanetary disk
Explanations: An image of a very young star (its age is from 300 thousand to 1 million years), surrounded by matter left over from the period of star formation. The cool, reddish star has a mass about one-fifth that of our Sun. The dark disk, silhouetted against the Orion Nebula, is possibly the protoplanetary disk from which planets form. The disk contains at least seven times more matter than our Earth and is about 90 billion km in diameter, which is 7.5 times the size of the solar system. The Orion Nebula is about 1500 light years away from us in the direction of the constellation Orion. Image taken by the Hubble Space Telescope.
Copyright:
Reproduced with permission: K.R. O'Dale / Rice University, NASA

A photo: Planet around the star Beta Painter
Explanations: This image from the Hubble Space Telescope shows for the first time the interior of the 320 billion km diameter dust disk surrounding the star Beta Pictoris. Top: Visible-light image of the disk, showing the disk almost edge-on and therefore spindle-shaped. It consists of microscopic dust grains formed by ice and silicate particles. One or more planets are located in the lumen of the disk. The light of the bright star lying in the center of the disk is blocked in this frame. Bottom: False color image processed to reveal details of the disk structure. You can see that the pink-white inner edge of the disk deviates slightly from the plane of the outer red-yellow-green disk (shown in dotted line in the image). The simplest explanation for this phenomenon is that part of the disk is attracted by the large planet. The planet itself is impossible to see, because it is close to the star, and its brightness is perhaps a billion times less.
Copyright:
Reproduced with permission: C. Burroughs, Space Telescope Research Institute (NIIKT) of the European Space Agency (ESA), J. Christ (NIIKT), WFPC-2 HST Team and NASA

A photo: Emissions from a young star
Explanations: This image from the Hubble Space Telescope reveals new mysteries of star birth, showing a pair of spectacular gas eruptions from a young star. Top: The ejecta extends over a light year. The source of this structure - a young star - lies in the middle between the ejecta and is hidden by a dark cloud of dust. Nearly symmetrical bubbles of gas at either end of the ejecta form where they collide with interstellar gas. Bottom left: A close-up of the region around the star shows a glowing string of gas blasts ejected from the star, like a tracer of machine gun fire. Bottom right: This wedge-shaped structure is a classic example of a shock wave produced when fast-moving matter collides with a slower medium.
Copyright:
Reproduced with permission: J. Hester (Arizona State University), HTC WFPC-2 Team and NASA

A photo: X-ray burster (artist's drawing)
Explanations: This painting conveys the artist's vision of a binary star in the globular cluster NGC 66224, which is the source of powerful bursts of X-rays. The object consists of a neutron star surrounded by a disk of matter, and a companion - a white dwarf, whose matter flows onto this disk through a narrow bridge. The object's ultraviolet radiation was detected by the Hubble Space Telescope in 1993.
Copyright:
Reproduced with permission: D.Berry / STScI

A photo: Material surrounding the star Eta Carinae (HST)
Explanations: A rapidly expanding shell of material surrounding the star Eta in the constellation Carina ejected during a violent outburst observed in 1841. Image taken by the Hubble Space Telescope in January 1994. Eta Carina is one of the most massive and brightest stars known; its mass exceeds the mass of the Sun by 150 times.
Copyright:
Reproduced with permission: J. Esther and NASA

A photo: New Cygnus in May 1993 and January 1994 (HST)
Explanations: Development of the gaseous envelope surrounding Nova Cygnus after the explosion on February 19, 1992. Images obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope on May 31, 1993 and after the system upgrade in December 1993 are shown. Novaya owes its appearance to a thermonuclear explosion on the surface of a white dwarf in a star system.
Copyright:
Reproduced with permission: F.Pareske, R.Jendrzejewski and NASA

Nothing is more discussed during the various awards ceremonies than the outfits of the stars. Celebrities love to show off their splendor in front of the lenses of photojournalists and attract the attention of the public. But sometimes their very original outfits cause frank bewilderment. See the weirdest celebrity outfits of 2015.

17 PHOTOS

1. Madonna in a very original, if not strange, outfit at the Grammy Awards in 2015. (Photo: Jason Merritt/Getty Images; Starraks Photo/REX).
2. Famous supermodel Irina Shayk at the Vanity Fair After Party in Los Angeles. On Irina, with her perfect figure, this very ambiguous dress looks perfect. But if you choose a similar dress for prom 2015, you can be very disappointed when you see yourself in the mirror, provided, of course, if your figure is not an exact copy of the beautiful Irina. (Photo: DANNY MOLOSHOK/Newscom/Reuters; Evan Agostini/Invision/AP).
3. Rihanna seems to be very pleased with her voluminous dress, which she chose for the Grammy Awards in 2015. (Photo: Jordan Strauss/Invision/AP).
4. American singer Toni Braxton in a very original black dress (especially behind) at the Grammy ceremony. (Photo: Jason Merritt/Getty Images).
5. British singer Rita Ora in a very revealing dress at the Vanity Fair After Party in Los Angeles. (Photo: Evan Agostini/Invision/AP).
6. Joy Villa in a mesh dress at the 2015 Grammy Awards. (Photo: Jordan Strauss/Invision/AP).
7. Famous model Alessandra Ambrosio at the InStyle and Warner Bros party on the occasion of the Golden Globe Awards. It seems that fashion designers decided to save on fabric. (Photo: Matt Sayles/Invision/AP).
8. Known for the series "Game of Thrones" British actress Gwendolyn Christie in the "cape of a superhero" at the awards ceremony "Elle Style Awards" in London. (Photo: Gareth Cattermole/Getty Images).
9. Celebrity Kim Kardashian in a "robe" at the Grammy Awards in 2015. (Photo: Jason Merritt/Getty Images; Jordan Strauss/Invision/AP)
10. British singer Charlie XCX most likely just forgot to wear a dress to the NME Awards at the Brixton Academy in London. (Photo: Tim P. Whitby/Getty Images)
11. FKA Twigs at the Brit Awards in London. It is difficult to even describe this intricate outfit in words. (Photo: Brian Rasic/REX; Ian Gavan/Getty Images)
12. American pop singer Jordyn Sparks at the Grammy Awards. Just a terrible dress. (Photo: Jason Merritt/Getty Images).
13. Actress Rose McGowan at the Elton John AIDS Foundation After Party after the Oscars in Los Angeles, either in a dress or a jacket. (Photo: GUS RUELAS/Newscom/Reuters; Richard Shotwell/Invision/AP).
14. Selita Ebanks - model and "angel" Victoria's Secret - came to the awards ceremony "Film Independent Spirit Awards" in Los Angeles in "pajamas". (Photo: Jim Smeal/BEI/REX; Jordan Strauss/Invision/AP). 17. Australian singer Sia (Sia Furler) at the Vanity Fair Oscar Party in Beverly Hills. Her outfit raises only one question: what would that mean? (Photo: Pascal Le Segretain/Getty Images).

To paraphrase the famous classic, we can say that all lucky stars are similar to one another, and the most incredible of them have their own problems. The universe is full of stars. But even among all this indescribable diversity, there are samples worthy of attention.

How long can a star live? To begin with, let's define: by the lifetime of a star, we mean its ability to carry out nuclear fusion. Because the "corpse of a star" can hang for a long time even after the end of the synthesis.

As a general rule, the less massive a star is, the longer it will live. Stars with the smallest mass are red dwarfs. They can be with a mass of 7.5 to 50 percent solar. Anything less massive cannot fusion and will not be a star. Current models suggest that the smallest red dwarfs can shine for up to 10 trillion years. Compare this to our Sun, where fusion will take about 10 billion years - a thousand times less. After the synthesis of most of the hydrogen, according to the theory, a light red dwarf will become a blue dwarf, and when the remaining hydrogen is exhausted, the fusion in the core will stop, and the dwarf will become white.

The oldest stars

The oldest observed star is SMSS J031300.36-670839.3. Its discovery was announced in February 2014. Its age is estimated at 13.6 billion years, and it is still not one of the first stars. Such stars have not yet been discovered, but they certainly can be. Red dwarfs, as we noted, live for trillions of years, but they are very difficult to detect. In any case, even if there are such stars, looking for them is like a needle in a haystack.

The dimmest stars

If we limit ourselves to stars that are still in the process of fusion, then the lowest luminosity is in red dwarfs. The coldest star with the lowest luminosity currently is the red dwarf 2MASS J0523-1403. A little less light - and we will find ourselves in the realm of brown dwarfs, which are no longer stars.

There may still be remnants of stars: white dwarfs, neutron stars and. How dim can they be? White dwarfs are slightly brighter, but cool down over time. After a certain time, they turn into cold pieces of coal that practically do not emit light - they become "black dwarfs". It takes a very long time for white dwarfs to cool down, so they simply do not exist yet.

Astrophysicists do not yet know what happens to the matter of neutron stars when they cool. By observing supernovae in other galaxies, they can assume that several hundred million neutron stars should have formed in our galaxy, but so far only a small part of this number has been recorded. The rest were supposed to cool down so much that they simply became invisible.

What about black holes in deep intergalactic space with nothing in their orbit? They still emit some radiation, known as Hawking radiation, but not much of it. Such lonely black holes probably glow less than the remnants of stars. Do they exist? Maybe.

The brightest stars

The brightest star to date (and the most massive) is the luminary R136a1. Its opening was announced in 2010. It is a Wolf-Rayet star with a luminosity of about 8,700,000 solar luminosities and a mass 265 times greater than our own star. Once its mass was 320 solar.

R136a1 is actually part of a dense cluster of stars called R136. According to Paul Crowther, one of the discoverers, “Planets take longer to form than such a star has to live and die. Even if there were planets, there would be no astronomers on them, because the night sky was as bright as the daytime sky.”

The largest stars

The most famous red supergiants are Alpha Antares and Betelgeuse, however, they are also quite small compared to the largest ones. Finding the largest red supergiant is a very fruitless undertaking, because the exact size of such stars is very difficult to estimate for sure. The largest should be 1500 times wider than the Sun, and maybe more.

Stars with the brightest explosions

What causes gamma ray explosions? Plenty of guesses. Today, most speculation boils down to the explosions of massive stars (supernovae or hypernovae) in the process of becoming neutron stars or black holes. Some gamma-ray bursts are caused by magnetars, a kind of neutron stars. Other gamma-ray bursts may be the result of two neutron stars merging into one, or a star falling into a black hole.

The coolest former stars

A black hole is what forms when a star's gravity is strong enough to overcome all other forces and cause the star to collapse into itself to the point of singularity. With non-zero mass but zero volume, such a point would in theory have infinite density. However, infinities are rare in our world, so we simply don't have a good explanation for what happens at the center of a black hole.

Black holes can be extremely massive. Black holes found in the centers of individual galaxies can be tens of billions of solar masses. Moreover, matter orbiting supermassive black holes can be very bright, brighter than all the stars in galaxies. Near the black hole, there may also be powerful jets moving almost at the speed of light.

The fastest moving stars

Other fast-moving stars have also been discovered. They are known as hypersonic stars (hypervelocity stars), or superfast stars. As of mid-2014, 20 such stars have been discovered. Most of them seem to come from the center of the galaxy. According to one hypothesis, a pair of closely related stars (a binary system) passed near the black hole at the center of the galaxy, one star was captured by the black hole, and the other was ejected at high speed.

There are stars that move even faster. In fact, generally speaking, the farther a star is from our galaxy, the faster it is receding from us. This is due to the expansion of the universe, and not the movement of the star in space.

The most variable stars

According to astrophysics professor Koel Helier, the most variable of these stars are cataclysmic, or explosive, variable stars. Their brightness can increase by a factor of 100 during the day, decrease, increase again, and so on. Such stars are popular with amateur astronomers.

Today we have a good understanding of what is happening with cataclysmic variable stars. They are binary systems in which one star is ordinary and the other is a white dwarf. The matter of an ordinary star falls onto an accretion disk that revolves around a white dwarf. After the disk mass is high enough, synthesis begins, resulting in an increase in brightness. Gradually, the synthesis dries up and the process begins again. Sometimes a white dwarf is destroyed. There are plenty of development options.

The most unusual stars

Like, for example, the Thorn-Zhytkow objects. They are named after physicists Kip Thorne and Anna Zhitkov, who first suggested their existence. Their idea was that a neutron star could become the core of a red giant or supergiant. The idea is incredible, but ... such an object was recently discovered.

Sometimes two large yellow stars circle so close to each other that, regardless of the matter that is between them, they look like a giant cosmic peanut. Only two such systems are known.

Przybylski's Star is sometimes cited as an example of an unusual star because its starlight is different from that of any other star. Astronomers measure the intensity of each wavelength to find out what a star is made of. Usually this is not difficult, but scientists are still trying to understand the spectrum of Przybylski's star.

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The science

Where do stars come from and where do they disappear to? What is dark matter and dark energy? Is there life on other planets? Can stars live forever?

In spite of huge store of knowledge accumulated over many centuries, we still cannot explain many things. We cannot explain because we do not understand how this is even possible.

These are not necessarily some distant and unattainable objects and strange phenomena. ordinary stars hold many secrets yet to be uncovered. Find out what mysteries the stars have posed to astronomers.

1) The oldest star that shouldn't exist

The star whose secret scientists have yet to discover has been named SDSS J102915 +172927 . Since there are too many stars in the Universe, and there can be thousands of objects for research, it is not yet possible to give everyone more understandable names. Weird name indeed. indicates its approximate location.

In 2011, a group of European astronomers discovered this star in the constellation Leo. This star is small and only 80 percent of the size of the Sun. Moreover, researchers believe that it is about 13 billion years old.

Since the universe itself, according to modern concepts, is already about 13.7 billion years old, this star may be the oldest known star in the universe. In this star, especially, no oddities were noticed, except for the fact that ... she should not be in sight.

The star is on 99.99993% hydrogen and helium, elements that are too light to condense and form stars on their own. If these data are put into any modern computer models, then the programs will show that the existence of such stars is impossible.

So far, science is powerless to answer the question of how this star managed to form without heavier elements.

2) A mysterious star surrounded by spirals

Located about 400 light-years from Earth in the constellation of the Wolf, the star SAO 206462 attracted the attention of astronomers in 2011. They were surprised not by the star itself, but by what surrounded it: the impression was created as if the star had spiral branches that envelop it.

Spiral formations are not something strange in space, they can often be seen in galaxies, but scientists have never seen any star have spiral branches.

There are suggestions that spirals formed due to the gravity of the planets, which formed from the dust surrounding the star. However, there is still no clear evidence to support this theory. This will remain a mystery until planets are found that could swirl matter around a star and form spiral arms.

3) Forever young special stars

Messier 4 - globular cluster, which is located at a distance of 7200 light years from Earth. If we imagine that galaxies also have a life cycle, then this galaxy would be almost at the very end of its life path. She is approximately 12.2 billion years old.

It is believed that all galaxies eventually turn into globular clusters. When all the reserves of gas and dust that are necessary for the formation of stars are depleted, all the stars of the galaxy will be in the last stages of their life cycles.

When scientists looked at this special galaxy in September 2012 with telescopes in Chile, they saw a star that was rich in material such as lithium. Lithium is not exactly an unusual material for stars. But if it does exist, this component burns out during the first few billion years of a star's life cycle.

Since most of the surviving stars in this cluster are about 10 billion years old, finding a star with such an element in its composition is like finding a needle in a haystack.

Scientists believe that this star somehow replenishes lithium reserves which protects it from aging. Many astronomers call it "star - fountain of youth". How a star manages to replenish lithium is a mystery that astronomers puzzle over.

4) Andromeda stars that manage to avoid black holes

This mystery is associated with several million stars that oppose just one. Just 2.5 million light-years away is the Andromeda Galaxy, the nearest spiral galaxy. This galaxy looks like this:

At the center of this galaxy is a supermassive black hole, a huge vacuum cleaner that capable of absorbing even particles of light.

In 2005 the space telescope Hubble was able to allow scientists to see its center, revealing a blue pie-shaped disk that was orbiting at a very dangerous distance from the black hole. Further analysis showed that it was not only hot dust. The glow came from millions of young blue stars.

These stars orbited the black hole at over 3.7 million kilometers per hour. This speed allows you to go around the earth's equator in just 40 seconds. A similar disc, based on the knowledge we have. Should not exist. The gas that formed this disk, as well as the stars themselves, should have been blown away by the incredible gravity of the black hole. How these stars ended up intact remains a mystery.

5) Massive stars with unusual properties in the constellation Ophiucus

Star J1822.3-1606 refers to a special type of star called a neutron star. It is located at a distance of 20 thousand light years from us in constellation Ophiuchus.

The stars may end their lives three ways: turn into white dwarf (for example, smaller stars like our Sun), in neutron star (if the star is larger), or black hole (if the star is very large). If the stars are very massive, they explode. This phenomenon has been named supernova .

Types of Neutron Stars: Magnetars and Pulsars

There are several types of neutron stars: magnetar with the strongest magnetic fields in the universe and pulsar , which sends rays of electromagnetic radiation through its poles (it is somewhat reminiscent of a lighthouse).

For years, all we knew about these massive stars was that they can belong either to one group or to another. But in 2011 the telescope "Swift" discovered a star that had the properties of both groups. To date, astronomers know of 2 such unusual stars.

So far, scientists do not know how one star manages to have such strange properties. If in the near future we manage to find other similar examples, it will mean that There are far more such stars in the Universe than we thought.

6) The exoplanet of the constellation Phoenix, which was supposed to be swallowed by the parent star

Far star Wasp 18 is located at a distance of about 330 light years from Earth in the constellation Phoenix. It is about 25 percent larger in mass than the Sun. The riddle is not the star itself, but what revolves around it.

In 2009 Coel Hellier from University of Kiel discovered that this star has a planet in its orbit. The exoplanet is named Wasp 18b , it is slightly larger than Jupiter, but 10 times heavier. This mass is the maximum limit. If it were a little larger, then the object could be called brown dwarf - that is, a substellar object.

Giant planet and parent star

Astrophysicists baffled that the planet rotates away from its home star at a record short distance- only 3.2 million kilometers. For comparison: Mercury is located at a distance of 58 million kilometers from the Sun.

The planet Wasp 18b is so close to its star that it has time to make a complete revolution around it in 23 earth hours, and the temperature on its surface is 2200 degrees Celsius.

Being at such a close distance, the planet should eventually merge with the star, but she is not going to do this for 680 million years. Given the large mass of the star, it should have attracted the planet to itself a long time ago.

How did this planet manage to form and stay in orbit at a distance at which planets should not exist at all - mystery shrouded in darkness.

7) Stardust finds its way home

Pulsar PSR B1257+12 is the remnants of a supernova, but the researchers did not expect that there could be planets near it. They discovered an entire star system. Around this pulsar revolve 3 ordinary planets and one dwarf planet.

Believing that such a phenomenon could be very common, astronomers began to observe other pulsars in search of planets, however, as it turned out, only one pulsar star sheltered one single planet. This means that pulsars have planets in their orbits on very rare occasions.

The formation of mysterious planets around pulsars

Astronomers cannot yet understand and explain the process that allows planets to form around pulsars. According to one theory, these planets formed in much the same way as our Earth - from planetary disk , which initially surrounds the star.

However, dust and any other materials that are the building blocks for planets must be thrown billions of kilometers into space when a supernova explodes. How was the gas and dust able to return to the pulsar left after the explosion and form as many as 4 planets, is completely incomprehensible.

8) An unusual supernova explosion in the constellation Monoceros

Star V838 Unicorn is located 20 thousand light years from Earth and is considered one of the largest stars in the universe.

In 2002, a powerful flare was recorded on this star. At first, researchers believed that this was an ordinary supernova, a star that explodes, leaving behind a core (white dwarf), which accumulates around itself a large cloud of hydrogen. The star went out after a few weeks, as expected, so astronomers entered it in their reference books as a supernova.

Too strange a star for a white dwarf

However less than a month later the star lit up again. Since the interval between explosions was too short to cause another supernova, astronomers were surprised and began to study this phenomenon in more detail. It became clear that from the very beginning they made a mistake by writing this star into the list of white dwarfs.

This star exploded on its own and repeated this process several times during the following months, then flashing, then fading. During the brightest flash, it became a million times brighter than the Sun and was at that moment one of the brightest stars in the sky.

Usually stars get brighter before they die, but measurements have shown that the star V838 Monocerotis was only a few million years old, which is quite a bit by stellar standards. Telescope Hubble took pictures of the star after the flash, which showed a cloud of gas and dust around it.

According to one version, this the star could collide with some invisible object, for example, another star or planet, but scientists are still at a loss as to what actually happened.

9) Planet Wanderer

CFBDSIR 2149-0403 counts brown dwarf . Thermonuclear reactions cannot occur in its core, so this object cannot develop into an ordinary torture star. Although many researchers characterize it as star AB Dorado due to its size and mass, others believe that it is gas giant.

If it's a gas giant, then he doesn't have a parent star, so it's an orphan planet.

The movement of lonely orphan planets is not at all chaotic

Although scientists suspect that the universe Millions of lonely planets roam, only 4 of them are known today. The nearest planet wanderer is located 130 light years from Earth. The planet does not have a large star around which it could orbit, so its movement is influenced by other stars in the AB Doradus star group.

This does not mean that the planet moves in space along an arbitrary trajectory., this is a common misconception about the wanderer planets. However, why the planet strayed from the parent star remains a mystery.

10) Disappearing Stardust in the Centaurus Constellation

An object TYC 8241 2652 located at a distance of 450 light years from us in the constellation of the Centaur. The star is thought to be about the same size as our Sun and about 10 million years old, although our star is much older, already 4.5 billion years old.

From 1983 to 2008 scientists observed a ring of dust around this star, hoping to learn something new about our own system and exactly how planets form.

Where did the cosmic dust cloud go?

However, when they tested this star again in 2009 using more modern technology, they were amazed: they saw a star, but without any cloud around. Until relatively recently, this cloud was perfectly visible, but now it has disappeared, leaving behind not a single planet or hints of where it could evaporate. Scientists are still thinking about this riddle.

Rider is a list of requirements that celebrity agents send ahead of time to the organizers of the performance. Sometimes these lists make the receiving party clutch their heads: “Well, why would they need THIS?”.

The editors of the site found out what things Russian and foreign stars need for a comfortable existence. Here is a selection of oddities and whims from star riders.

This information was collected from celebrity riders of different years, so the information may be out of date due to changes in their show programs, tastes, or for other reasons.

Ridiculous riders of foreign stars

Celine Dion

Britney Spears

Jennifer Lopez

Rider Jennifer Lopez for a concert in Moscow

Madonna

Iggy Pop

Paul McCartney

Marilyn Manson

David Hesselhoff

Barbra Streisand

Nicki Minaj

Mariah Carey

Cher

cold play

beyoncé

Rihanna

Katy Perry

Eminem

Robbie Williams

M.I.A.

Lady Gaga

Moby

The secret becomes clear

The fact is that each performance of the group required serious efforts from the host. During the show, Van Halen drove onto the stage in huge trucks and did many other tricks that turned the performance into a colorful show, and any mistake in stage design could turn into a disaster.

To make sure that the organizers carefully read the technical requirements for the stage, among the detailed description of every little thing like outlets and the width of doorways, a section "Treats" was hidden with a line about M&M's. If, when checking into a room, the artists saw brown M&M's in the bowl, the concert was immediately canceled, the money was not returned to the organizer.

Riders of Russian stars

Singer Nikita

Lolita

As for the performance itself, Lolita needs two Viennese chairs and three water cannons on stage. After the last paragraph, I even wanted to go to the singer's concert.

Taisiya Povaliy

Alla Pugacheva

Zemfira

Alexander Rybak

Philip Kirkorov

A limousine, 2 escort cars and a Mercedes bus for backup dancers are required to meet the singer at the gangway. In Russia and the CIS countries, Kirkorov's safety on the road should be ensured by traffic police cars.

The artist must be provided with at least a two-room presidential suite. The first room is large and bright, with a full-length mirror, upholstered furniture, a dressing table, a wardrobe for at least 20 suits, a table with a snow-white tablecloth, a private bathroom, fresh flowers and a decanter of orange juice. The second room is completely given over to the wardrobe.

One of the strangest conditions of the rider Kirkorov is “preliminary showing on local TV of Kirkorov's video clips, the film “Philip Kirkorov. One Year in the Life: Love and the Stage" and commercials for his performance.
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