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Oranges and bread are the most common and affordable foods in the world. But did you know that they can easily grow penicillin?

To do this, just let them lie down - yes, yes, disgusting mold on stale bread is called "penicillium"!

Let's imagine what happened the zombie apocalypse. Running away from hungry monsters, your friend badly injured her leg.

The next day, sitting in a safe hiding place, you notice that the wound has clearly begun to become infected.

Considering that such an infection can lead to the loss of a leg and even death, how would you help a friend in the absence of modern medicine?

Here is an easy and cheap way to save a wounded comrade-in-arms:

Put a piece of bread in a bag or some other closed container.
Leave it to lie until spores begin to appear on it.
Then break it into small pieces.
Moisten them (sprinkle lightly with water) and put them back in the same closed container.
Keep an eye on the development of mold and do not remove it until most of the culture has acquired a characteristic green color.

The mold will go away as it grows. white, blue And green stage of development. Green mold is clearly visible in the photo above.

Exactly green mold contains penicillin. As you can see, in the green areas, the mold is the most dense - this is the highest stage of development.

Here's how you can use green mold:

Option 1.

Crumble the bread and fill a large bowl with the crumbs.
Pour warm water(not boiling water!).
Mix and drink daily until the penicillin works.

Note: keep in mind that bread will grow Not only mold. Not only will this potion taste nauseating, but it can easily cause an upset stomach. It is clear that in an emergency (such as a zombie apocalypse), diarrhea is a very reasonable price for getting rid of a dangerous infection. This remedy has been used in folk medicine for thousands of years.

Option 2.

Carefully scrape off only the green mold from the bread.
Wash the wound.
Cover the entire surface of the wound with pieces of mold.
Bandage with a bandage (not tight).
Repeat the procedure until you get the desired result.

Of course, in everyday life, you are unlikely to need homemade penicillin, given that it is widely available. In addition, modern medicine produces pharmaceutical grade penicillin, which is much safer.

But if a zombie apocalypse suddenly happens, you will have a better chance of surviving!

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In conditions of extreme survival, any wound can take months to heal, frostbite will definitely lead to gangrene, and mild inflammation can cause blood poisoning, so you can not even mention serious diseases such as pneumonia.

However, nature has taken good care of us, providing wide range of natural antibiotics and medicinal herbs, about the magical effect of which, today, unfortunately, only shamans and village grannies know.

Propolis

There is no misfortune from which this natural antibiotic with a very wide spectrum of action would not help. It will strengthen the immune system, and heal wounds with burns, frostbite and cracks, kill all types of fungi, even meat coated with this unique bee product can not deteriorate after a long stay on scorching sun. Do you have a problem? Propolis will solve it. Therefore, if you find yourself in an extreme situation, you still decide to climb into the hive to the bees and take their honey, do not forget to grab propolis at the same time (when burning, it smells like incense). Depending on the localization of the disease, there are several ways to prepare medicines based on propolis at home:

Ointment: To make a therapeutic ointment based on propolis, we need 100 g of any oily base for 15-20 g of propolis (olive or any other unrefined oil is best vegetable oil), after which the mixture should be boiled in a water bath for an hour, periodically stirring with a wooden stick. You can replace the oily base with butter by adding 5 ml of water, in which case the boiling time is reduced to 15 minutes. Before use, it is desirable to filter the solution through 2 layers of gauze. Store in a dark container, in a dark, cool place.

Tincture inside: Let 10 g of propolis brew in 100 ml of water (50 degrees C) during the day and you will get a pleasantly smelling yellowish aqueous solution with a shelf life of up to one week in a cool place. The daily safe dose is 2 tablespoons 4 times a day one hour before meals.

And may the power of the bees be with you.

Treatment with penicillin, the first antibiotic to be discovered and widely used at the turn of the last century, will either cure a bacterial infection or kill you if you are allergic to it. However, if you are far from the nearest settlement and become seriously ill (not a viral disease), this may be the only natural antibiotic that can still save your life.

How to get penicillin. Instruction: To get penicillin, you don’t have to go far, just open the refrigerator and find cheese with green mold, but it’s not a fact that this mold will be exactly a penicillin fungus, and even if it is, then the concentration of the antibiotic in it is unlikely to be enough for use in as a treatment for bacterial infections, otherwise in case of illness, doctors would simply stupidly prescribe eating mold. If there are no other options, and even magic propolis did not help you get penicillin, you can do the following:

Take a piece of bread or a slice of citrus and let it spoil in environment, a temperature of 21 degrees Celsius. After greenish-bluish mold appears, cut the bread or lemon into pieces, putting them in a pre-sterilized conical flask, in the dark at a temperature of 21 degrees Celsius, for five days.

It is very likely that after five days without antibiotics for a bacteriological disease, you are unlikely to need penicillin, but nevertheless prepare a nutrient medium for future mold colonies by dissolving in half a liter cold water the following ingredients in the order shown here: 44 g Lactose (can be replaced with glucose, sucrose, etc., provided they are continuously supplied), 25 g cornstarch, 3 g sodium nitrate, 0.25 g magnesium sulfate, 0.5 g monocalcium phosphate, 2.75 g glucose monohydrate, 0.044 g zinc sulfate and 0.044 manganese sulfate. Now add cold water so that the total volume is 1 liter, and with perchloric acid adjust the pH of the culture between 5.0 and 5.5.

Pour the culture medium into bottles, such as milk bottles, sterilize them, then add a teaspoon of mold spores. To obtain penicillin, it remains only to let the bottles brew for 7 days, under the same conditions, after which the liquid with a nutrient medium is filtered and frozen as soon as possible to avoid decomposition of the already prepared penicillin.

It is better to treat with penicillin immediately and ONLY if there is no suitable alternative. As a strong antibiotic, it is able to overcome both blood poisoning and any bacteriological pathogen, however, one must be aware that the penicillin obtained by the above method will contain impurities of toxic molds, and it is very likely that these strains can slow down, and then completely prevent the release of penicillin, which will lead to an even greater bacteriological infection of your body. In addition, it should be borne in mind that penicillin is an allergen and in some people can cause anaphylactic shock, which in extreme conditions is tantamount to death.

“When I woke up at dawn on September 28, 1928, I certainly did not plan a revolution in medicine with my discovery of the world’s first antibiotic or killer bacteria,” this diary entry was made by Alexander Fleming the man who invented penicillin.

The idea of using microbes to fight germs dates back to the 19th century. It was already clear to scientists then that in order to deal with wound complications, one must learn to paralyze the microbes that cause these complications, and that microorganisms can be killed with their own help. In particular, Louis Pasteur discovered that bacilli anthrax die under the influence of some other microbes. In 1897 Ernest Duchesne used the mold, that is, the properties of penicillin, to treat typhus in guinea pigs.

In fact, the date of the invention of the first antibiotic is September 3, 1928. By this time, Fleming was already known and had a reputation as a brilliant researcher, he was studying staphylococci, but his laboratory was often untidy, which was the reason for the discovery.

Penicillin. Photo: www.globallookpress.com

On September 3, 1928, Fleming returned to his laboratory after a month's absence. Having collected all the cultures of staphylococci, the scientist noticed that mold fungi appeared on one plate with the cultures, and the colonies of staphylococci present there were destroyed, while other colonies were not. Fleming attributed the fungi that grew on the plate with his cultures to the genus Penicillaceae, and called the isolated substance penicillin.

In the course of further research, Fleming noticed that penicillin affects bacteria such as staphylococci and many other pathogens that cause scarlet fever, pneumonia, meningitis and diphtheria. However, the remedy allocated by him did not help against typhoid and paratyphoid fever.

Continuing his research, Fleming found that penicillin was difficult to work with, production was slow, and penicillin could not exist in the human body long enough to kill bacteria. Also, the scientist could not extract and purify the active substance.

Until 1942, Fleming improved the new drug, but until 1939 it was not possible to develop an effective culture. In 1940 the German-English biochemist Ernst Boris Chain And Howard Walter Florey, an English pathologist and bacteriologist, were actively engaged in an attempt to purify and isolate penicillin, and after a while they managed to produce enough penicillin to treat the wounded.

In 1941, the drug was accumulated in sufficient quantities for an effective dose. The first person to be saved with the new antibiotic was a 15-year-old teenager with blood poisoning.

In 1945, Fleming, Flory and Chain were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discovery of penicillin and its curative effects in various infectious diseases."

The value of penicillin in medicine

At the height of World War II in the United States, the production of penicillin was already put on the conveyor, which saved tens of thousands of American and allied soldiers from gangrene and amputation of limbs. Over time, the antibiotic production method was improved, and since 1952, the relatively cheap penicillin began to be used on an almost global scale.

With the help of penicillin, osteomyelitis and pneumonia, syphilis and puerperal fever can be cured, infections can be prevented after injuries and burns - before all these diseases were fatal. In the course of the development of pharmacology, antibacterial drugs of other groups were isolated and synthesized, and when other types of antibiotics were obtained,.

drug resistance

For several decades, antibiotics have become almost a panacea for all diseases, but the discoverer Alexander Fleming himself warned that penicillin should not be used until the disease is diagnosed, and the antibiotic should not be used for a short time and in very small quantities, since under these conditions bacteria develop resistance.

When pneumococcus, not sensitive to penicillin, was identified in 1967, and antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus were discovered in 1948, it became clear to scientists that.

“The discovery of antibiotics was the greatest boon for mankind, the salvation of millions of people. Man created more and more antibiotics against various infectious agents. But the microcosm resists, mutates, microbes adapt. A paradox arises - people develop new antibiotics, and the microcosm develops its own resistance, ”said Galina Kholmogorova, senior researcher at the State Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Candidate of Medical Sciences, expert of the League of Nation's Health.

According to many experts, the fact that antibiotics lose their effectiveness in fighting diseases is largely to blame for the patients themselves, who do not always take antibiotics strictly according to indications or in the required doses.

“The problem of resistance is exceptionally large and affects everyone. It causes great concern to scientists, we can return to the pre-antibiotic era, because all microbes will become resistant, not a single antibiotic will work on them. Our inept actions have led to the fact that we may be without very powerful drugs. There will simply be nothing to treat such terrible diseases as tuberculosis, HIV, AIDS, malaria,” explained Galina Kholmogorova.

That is why antibiotic treatment should be treated very responsibly and follow a number of simple rules, in particular:

“The antibacterial effect of mold - the fungus Penicillium - has been known since time immemorial. Mentions about the treatment of purulent diseases with mold can be found in the writings of Avicenna (XI century) and Philip von Hohenheim, known as Paracelsus (XVI century). In Russia, back in the 1860s in St. Petersburg, a heated discussion unfolded between doctors: some doctors are sure of the danger of green mold for humans, considering it a pathogen, while others, among which are the students of the outstanding doctor and scientist Sergei Petrovich Botkin, Vyacheslav Avksentevich Manassein and Aleksey Gerasimovich Polotebnov consider mold fungi to be harmless. To substantiate their arguments, scientists conduct a series of experiments with green mold (in other words, with Penicillium glaucum fungi) and in 1871 almost simultaneously observe the same result: bacteria do not grow in a liquid medium where there are mold fungi. The therapist Manassein later reported that in his experiment he convincingly proved the ability of mold to inhibit the growth of bacteria. Polotebnov, on the other hand, will draw a more practical conclusion: fungi of the genus Penicillium are capable of delaying the development of pathogens of human skin diseases, which he will talk about in 1873 in his scientific work"On the Pathological Significance of Green Mold". It proposed treating infected wounds and ulcers by treating them with a liquid in which mold had previously grown. I must say that Polotebnov repeatedly tested the miraculous properties of green mold - first on hopeless patients, saving life after life, and then in everyday practice - in the treatment of purulent abscesses. And although the scientific dispute was eventually resolved in favor of mold (doctors stopped suspecting the causative agent of diseases in it), these works at that time, unfortunately, did not receive due evaluation and further development. What is mold? These are plant organisms, tiny fungi that thrive in damp places. Outwardly, the mold resembles a felt mass of white, green, brown and black. Mold grows from spores - microscopic living organisms invisible to the naked eye. Mycology - the science of fungi - knows thousands of varieties of mold. In 1897, a young military doctor from Lyon named Ernest Duchene made a "discovery" by observing how Arab groom boys used mold from still damp saddles to treat wounds on the backs of horses rubbed with these same saddles. Duchen carefully examined the mold taken, identified it as Penicillium glaucum, tested it on guinea pigs for the treatment of typhoid and discovered its destructive effect on Escherichia coli bacteria. It was the first ever clinical trial of what would soon become world famous penicillin. The young man presented the results of his research in the form of a doctoral dissertation, persistently offering to continue work in this area, but the Pasteur Institute in Paris did not even bother to confirm receipt of the document - apparently because Duchenne was only twenty-three years old. But the problem was how to use not the mold itself, but the substance due to which its miraculous properties are manifested. Therefore, all these experiments cannot be considered genuine discoveries of a new class of drugs - antibiotics. In 1928, Scottish biologist Alexander Fleming discovered that a strain of the fungal mold Penicillium notatum (it was originally called Penicillium due to the fact that its spore-bearing legs looked like tiny brushes under a microscope. During growth in a nutrient medium, it releases a substance that has a powerful antibacterial effect, the action of the fungus does not apply to all microbes, but mainly to pathogenic bacteria, and came to the conclusion that "the fungus produces an antibacterial substance that affects some microbes and not others. "At the same time, he found that even in large doses it is not toxic to warm-blooded animals, since the mold he worked with wore Latin name Penicillium notatum, he named the antibacterial substance he obtained penicillin. Fleming's assistant, Dr. Stuart Greddock, who fell ill with sinusitis, was the first person to experience the effect of the drug on himself. He was injected into the maxillary cavity with a small amount of a substance, and after three hours his health improved significantly. On September 13, 1929, at a meeting of the Medical Research Club at the University of London, Alexander Fleming reported on his research. This day is considered to be the birthday of penicillin, but before the moment when it began to be used in medicine, it was still very far away. Neither isolate it from the nutrient medium, nor determine its structure, Fleming, not being a chemist, could not. In addition, the magic substance was unstable and quickly lost its activity. Three times, at the request of Fleming, biochemists began to purify the substance from impurities, but unsuccessfully: the fragile molecule was destroyed, losing its properties. Fleming considered it unacceptable to use dirty penicillin for internal injections, fearing for the health of patients. In 1929, the scientist published a work on his discovery, but before new era in the medicinal medicine of the twentieth century - the era of antibiotics - there was still more than a decade. In 1938, Oxford University professor, pathologist and biochemist Howard Flory attracted Ernst Boris Cheyne to his work. Cheyne's Jewish family emigrated from Mogilev in Russia to Germany, where Ernst received higher education in chemistry, and then studied the biochemistry of enzymes. When the Nazis came to power Cheyne, being a Jew and a man of leftist views, emigrated to England. However, he failed to get his mother and sister to leave Germany. Both died in 1942 in a concentration camp. All this determined Cheyne's sympathy for our country and subsequently played an important role not only in the work on penicillin, but also in the fate of my father. Studying, on the advice of Flory, writings on antimicrobials, Chain found the first description of penicillin published by Fleming and began research on them. practical application, he was able to obtain crude penicillin in quantities sufficient for the first biological tests, first on animals, and then in the clinic. After a year of agonizing experiments to isolate and purify the product of capricious mushrooms, the first 100 mg of pure penicillin was obtained. The first patient (a policeman with blood poisoning) could not be saved - there was not enough accumulated stock of penicillin. The antibiotic was rapidly excreted by the kidneys. Chain attracted other specialists to work: bacteriologists, chemists, doctors. The so-called Oxford Group was formed. By this time the Second World War. In the summer of 1940, Britain was in danger of being invaded. The Oxford group decides to hide the mold spores by soaking the broth in the linings of their jackets and pockets. Cheyne said: "If I am killed, the first thing to do is grab my jacket." In 1941, for the first time in history, a 15-year-old teenager was saved from death with blood poisoning. "

It is worth noting that the mold that can be easily found on products is not always exactly penicillin or it.

Together with another doctor, Fleming was engaged in research on staphylococci. But, without finishing his work, this doctor left the department. Old cups of microbial colonies were still on the shelves of the laboratory - Fleming always considered cleaning his room a waste of time. One day, deciding to write an article about staphylococci, Fleming looked into these cups and found that many of the cultures that were there were covered with mold. This, however, was not surprising - apparently, mold spores had entered the laboratory through the window. Another thing was surprising: when Fleming began to investigate the culture, there was not even a trace of staphylococci in many cups - there was only mold and transparent, dew-like drops. Has ordinary mold destroyed all disease-causing microbes? Fleming immediately decided to test his guess and put some mold in a test tube of nutrient broth. When the fungus developed, he settled various bacteria in the same cup and put it in a thermostat.

What is mold? This is a multicellular fungus, a living organism, the spores of which are distributed everywhere. They can be found in the air, on the surface of walls or objects, as well as on food. Mold can cause serious harm to human health, but by growing it in the laboratory, it is possible to obtain ingredients for a number of medicines. Many lovers of biology and wildlife are interested in the question of how to grow mold on their own? This is not difficult to do, while maintaining a certain microclimate, spores will spread very quickly.

How to create favorable conditions for growing mold?

In their structure, mold cells are similar to animal cells. Like any living microorganism, it needs food and a certain habitat to reproduce successfully.

Nutrition. Mushrooms cannot produce food on their own, so they require an external source of nutrition to function normally. In this, mushrooms are similar to representatives.

mold water lactose cornstarch

Penicillin refers to antibiotics that were obtained naturally, without the use of any artificial ways. This medicine is obtained from ordinary mold or its synthetic counterpart. In any case, the problem of making penicillin at home is not fully disclosed. Is there an answer to the question of how to make penicillin? So, below will be some instructions or, so to speak, a recommendation that allows you to create an antibiotic at home. You don't have to go far - penicillin can be made from some foods. It is worth opening your refrigerator and corny to find a spoiled product, for example, cheese. You can look into the bread box, because it is this product that can deteriorate quite quickly. The mold that shows up is penicillin. How to prick it is not entirely clear.

It is worth noting that the kind of mold that can be easily.

“When I woke up at dawn on September 28, 1928, I certainly did not plan to revolutionize medicine with my discovery of the world’s first antibiotic or killer bacteria,” Alexander Fleming, the man who invented penicillin, wrote this diary entry.

The idea of using microbes to fight germs dates back to the 19th century. It was already clear to scientists then that in order to deal with wound complications, one must learn to paralyze the microbes that cause these complications, and that microorganisms can be killed with their own help. In particular, Louis Pasteur discovered that anthrax bacilli are killed by some other microbes. In 1897, Ernest Duchesne used the mold, that is, the properties of penicillin, to treat typhus in guinea pigs.

If a blue crust appears on the bread, the diligent hostess will carefully cut it off and put the rest on the table, confident that she is taking care of her family in this way. And if he notices a black fluff on a carrot, he will wash it well, peel it to redness - and put it in soup or salad.

But is all mold on food good for you? How to distinguish the one that is edible from the one that can bring to the grave? News World learned about it.

NOT ALL MOLD IS A CURE

Penicillin is an antibiotic, the appearance of which has already saved more than one million human lives. Does the same penicillin grow on vegetables, fruits, bread? By no means! “Antibiotics are made only from a certain type of penicillium fungus that inhibits the growth of harmful microorganisms. It should be remembered that penicillin is also a mycotoxin and it is also harmful to humans, just in the treatment of serious diseases, the benefits of its use outweigh the harm. In addition, natural penicillin is subjected to careful processing and.

Beginning of the XX century. The world, unarmed before deadly bacteria, is shaken by epidemics of the "Spanish flu" (flu), scarlet fever, diphtheria, in Russia - anthrax, malaria, cholera, syphilis, Asian cholera, typhus. Infections cause infant mortality - every fourth child dies before the year (remember the family of Leo Tolstoy). Thanks to this figure, the average resident of Russia lives only up to 32 years at the turn of the century, in Europe - up to 45. Inflammation from an elementary cut on the lip sometimes led to death (the case of A.N. Scriabin), each year claimed half a million Russians. Hospitals were losing wounded due to postoperative sepsis.

The use of antibiotics has overshadowed many previously fatal diseases (tuberculosis, dysentery, cholera, purulent infections, pneumonia, and many others). With the help of antibiotics, child mortality has been significantly reduced. Antibiotics are of great benefit in surgery, helping the body weakened by the operation to cope with.

In December 1940, he accidentally scratched his face with a rose thorn. By the end of the month, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus infections developed and he was hospitalized. Despite the efforts of doctors, the disease progressed and Albert's entire head was covered with boils. To reduce pain, he even had to remove one eye.

The sentiment of the time is easy to understand from the decision made in the laboratory: if the invaders invade Oxford, all equipment and documentation for the production of penicillin must be destroyed.

How to grow penicillin at home

The use of homemade penicillin at home is possible only in a really extreme situation.

Natural antibiotics, herbs

However, nature took good care of us, providing a wide range of natural antibiotics and healing herbs, the magical effect of which, unfortunately, today is known mainly only by shamans and village grannies.

There is no misfortune from which this natural antibiotic with a very wide spectrum of action would not help. It will strengthen the immune system, and heal wounds with burns, frostbite and cracks, kill all types of fungi, even meat coated with this unique bee product can not deteriorate after a long stay in the scorching sun. Do you have a problem? Propolis will solve it. Therefore, if you find yourself in an extreme situation, you still decide to climb into the hive to the bees and take their honey, do not forget to grab propolis at the same time (when burning, it smells like incense). Depending on the localization of the disease, there are several ways to prepare medicines based on propolis at home:

Ointment: To make a therapeutic ointment based on propolis, we need 100 g of any oily base for 15-20 g of propolis (olive or any other unrefined vegetable oil is best), after which the mixture must be boiled in a water bath for an hour, periodically stirring with a wooden wand. You can replace the oily base with butter by adding 5 ml of water, in which case the boiling time is reduced to 15 minutes. Before use, it is desirable to filter the solution through 2 layers of gauze. Store in a dark container, in a dark, cool place.

And may the power of the bees be with you.

Instruction: To get penicillin, you don’t have to go far, just open the refrigerator and find cheese with green mold, but it’s not a fact that this mold will be exactly a penicillin fungus, and even if it does, the concentration of antibiotic in it is unlikely to be enough for use as a treatment for bacterial infections, otherwise in case of illness, doctors would simply stupidly prescribe eating mold. If there are no other options, and even magic propolis did not help you get penicillin, you can do the following:

Take a piece of bread or a slice of citrus and leave it to spoil in a 21 degree Celsius environment. After greenish-bluish mold appears, cut the bread or lemon into pieces, putting them in a pre-sterilized conical flask, in the dark at a temperature of 21 degrees Celsius, for five days.

It is very likely that after five days without antibiotics for a bacteriological disease, you are unlikely to need penicillin, however, nevertheless, prepare a nutrient medium for future mold colonies by dissolving the following ingredients in half a liter of cold water in the sequence indicated here: 44 g Lactose (you can replace with glucose, sucrose, etc., while ensuring their continuous supply), 25 g of corn starch, 3 g of sodium nitrate, 0.25 g of magnesium sulfate, 0.5 g of calcium monophosphate, 2.75 g of glucose monohydrate, 0.044 g of zinc sulfate and 0.044 of manganese sulfate. Now add cold water so that the total volume is 1 liter, and with perchloric acid adjust the pH of the culture between 5.0 and 5.5.

It is better to treat with penicillin immediately and ONLY if there is no suitable alternative. As a strong antibiotic, it is able to overcome both blood poisoning and any bacteriological pathogen, however, one must be aware that the penicillin obtained by the above method will contain impurities of toxic molds, and it is very likely that these strains can slow down, and then completely prevent the release of penicillin, which will lead to an even greater bacteriological infection of your body. The use of homemade penicillin at home is possible only in a really extreme situation.

It is dangerous to list all the healing effects of this miraculous natural antibiotic herb, otherwise, impressed, you will go to Everyday life on St. John's wort and water. Antimicrobial, anthelmintic, wound healing, hemostatic, tonic and anti-inflammatory, St. John's wort has a phytocidal effect, destroying staphylococci, streptococci, tuberculosis and dysentery pathogens. Everything is simple with tincture, excellent gulls are obtained from dry crushed St. it is based on a healing ointment, you just need to mix 4 parts of melted butter with 1 part of an alcohol tincture based on St. John's wort (1 part of St. John's wort is infused with vodka for a couple of weeks).