The interior of the staircase in a private house. Beautiful stairs in the interior of country houses. Staircase design in the house

Spiral staircase

The spiral staircase has a special charm and is best combined with styles such as Empire, Art Nouveau or Rococo. The railings are made to the taste of the owner, openwork was used earlier, however, although they look like from a fairy tale, they are not very popular in our time. The spiral version of the staircase is considered dangerous for children and seniors, since the edge of the staircase is very narrow and there is a risk of injury. In the center of the staircase there is a support, which is a pipe made of wood or metal, and the advantage lies in the fact that the installed staircase takes up a minimum of space.

As for the steps for such a staircase, it all depends on how safe they are to be made. Ideally, the central part of the step should be about 25 cm wide, while at the widest point it should not be more than 40 centimeters. If the opening is minimal, then the steps are as steep as possible, and this is not very convenient for the elderly and small children. Recently, the spiral model has not been popular, it is used only as an auxiliary, for descending into the basement or going to the roof. Sometimes this type of staircase is used in order to create a non-standard rise to the attic.

DIY calculations

Often, classic marching lifts are used in houses. They can have any type of feature, but this is where designers provide the most choices. In addition, it should be noted that such stairs are the safest and can perfectly fit into any interior. This type of staircase is used in spacious dwellings, for calculations it is necessary to know the height of the ceilings and the length of the used floor section. The optimal angle would be a 45 degree tilt.

The design of the staircase should contain no more than 15 steps, ideally 10-11. If there are more steps, then platforms are made between them, the size of which is the same as the march. The staircase of the marching type is of open and closed type, it can also have risers, or be without them.

The staircase of the marching type can be straight, curved and swivel. The latter option takes up a small area compared to a straight staircase. It is best to install a revolving flight staircase near a wall, and place a storage room under it.

Bolza and railings

Bolza are special mounts that are installed along the wall. The steps of this model are bolted to the wall. This option is the most fashionable and popular, it is often used in modern-style houses. The advantage lies in their visual lightness and airiness, they do not block the access of natural light to all corners of the room. Styles where it is applied: loft, minimalism, constructivism. When the steps are narrow, then for safety you need to use fences, but if the steps are safe and very wide, then you can do without fencing at all. This option will be very interesting and airy.

Railing - a static fence of the flight staircase, protects the climbing person from falls when descending or ascending. Also, handrails can be actively used by older people in order to lean on them during descent or ascent.

Railings consist of the following elements:

Balusters - an element for attaching handrails. If they are load-bearing, then they are used not only for aesthetics, but also for practicality.
Handrails - attached to balusters or a wall, can be installed on one or both sides. Older people use them as a support for ascent and descent.
Fence filler - as the name suggests, they fill the empty space. The main purpose is decorative, but it is necessary if there are children in the family. The height of the handrail must be at least 90 centimeters.

Wooden ladder

A wooden structure is best used in houses made in the style of a Russian hut, country or Provence. For the stairs, not only expensive oak species can be used, but also the simplest wood. Optimum materials: ash, maple, walnut and beech. Pine is notable for its affordability, but it is better not to use it, as it is a soft wood species that is very sensitive to external influences.

The finishing of the staircase should harmoniously fit into the interior and design style. It is better to replace an expensive tree with a pear, cherry or larch, this is a more economical option, in addition, they are more moisture resistant.

Metal staircase

The main advantage of the ladder is its long service life - 30-50 years. Stainless steel is often used as it does not corrode. Chrome steel looks more interesting, but its service life is only 5 years. It is better not to use aluminum or brass at all, as these materials are soft and change color over time.

A metal staircase is ideal for a high-tech home. It is advisable to use a bolt with this staircase, this will allow not to visually load the space.

Concrete

This material is very reliable and durable; it is best to make straight flight stairs from concrete. As a finish, the staircase can be combined with wood. It is best to give preference to quartzite or granite. These stairs will not create lightness, but they will look solid. Also among the advantages, in addition to durability, it should be noted ease of maintenance and use, low cost.

Glass

The choice of glass stairs must be approached carefully and thoroughly. Laminated thick or tempered glass is used as the material. However, even such materials can be subject to mechanical damage and other external factors. On impact, chips can appear here, and aesthetic charm is lost. The glass staircase is not applicable in homes with children. Acrylic glass is more durable, but darkens quickly. In general, however, any glass structure is not durable.

Staircase to the second floor in a wooden house: design options in the photo

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The staircase to the second floor is not only an important functional, but also a decorative element of the interior. Today, the variety of stairs allows you to choose a design that will not only be safe and comfortable, but also perfectly fit into the design of the apartment. How to choose a staircase depending on its location in the home and the style of the apartment - read the article.

Modern production of stairs can offer designs that are different in design and materials of manufacture.

It is necessary to choose a staircase depending on the room of its location:

For the corridor, you should choose U-shaped and L-shaped structures made of wood, decorated in the same color scheme with the room.
For a spacious hall, straight, wide staircases with marble or stone steps are suitable. Similar constructions can be used as input.
For the living room, it is better to choose structures along the wall. The space under the stairs can be closed and serve to accommodate household appliances, paintings and photographs, or open and used to organize a recreation area.
For the kitchen, it is better to use simple structures with transparent fences that will not distract from the design of the room. The design of the space under the stairs depends on the style of the kitchen: it can be closed, decorated in the color of the walls of the room, or the zone can be used to accommodate built-in modules, cabinets and shelves, and kitchen appliances.
A retractable steel staircase is suitable for small utility rooms. Such a design will successfully save square meters, and in order to transport it, you will only need a Valdai or Gazelle body.

At the same time, the staircase to a certain room should correspond to the general style of the room (except for the staircase to the garage, attic and basement: here you can opt for simple structures made of metal and wood).

Do not forget that the stairs to the second floor can lead both directly to the room and to a small balcony connecting the rooms. In this case, it is desirable that the material or at least the color of the steps of the stairs is in harmony with the solution for finishing the balcony floor, doors and door frames on the floor.

Outdoor decorative stairs should match the chosen style in landscape design, the design of fences around the perimeter of the house, and the style of outdoor lighting.

Choosing the design of the stairs in the house for the style of the apartment

In order to achieve the unity and integrity of the perception of the room and the staircase, one should take into account not only styles, but also substyles.

So, for classic Empire style interiors, straight structures made of dark wood with lower support pillars, complemented by gently sloping shoes, are suitable. And for a luxurious, monumental baroque, it is worth choosing decorative stairs with a smooth angle of rotation, marble or stone steps (if the building allows), rounded railings and carved, supplemented by supporting pillars with balls, forged fences.

For apartments in modern styles, for example, a loft, open stairs on one metal stringer with steel railings or glass railings are suitable. Often, in minimalist apartments you can find staircases on bolets without fences or spiral structures: they look impressive and take up little space (you can easily place furniture under them). In addition, due to their dimensions, such structures can be used both in the house and in the apartment.

When choosing a ladder, the composition of the family should also be taken into account: for example, ladders on the stairs without railings can be dangerous for small children or the elderly.

Hall design with stairs

The hall is the main area that no visitor will pass by. Therefore, it is not worth treating it as a utility room that does not require decor. Even if the hallway is small.

In order for the interior of the hall with the stairs to be pleasant and immerse the visitor in the atmosphere of the home, it is necessary to adhere to a single design:

Walls and floors should be kept in the same color range or the same temperature.
The staircase should be a logical continuation of the hall design: match in color and material with door frames, mirror frames and photo frames, furniture.
The geometry of the staircase should also be traced in the geometry of the hall. So, if the staircase is spiral or has rounded, smooth handrails, then the furniture in the hallway should be rounded (for example, round ottomans instead of traditional polygonal ones).
Lighting should also be in harmony with the design of the stairs. So, a multi-tiered baroque chandelier will look ridiculous in a hall with a metal spiral staircase or an open structure on one stringer.

The interior of a hall with a staircase can include such elements as: mirrors, tall plants in pots, ottomans or small hallways, wardrobes, hangers, a table with flowers in a vase.

Interior projects with a staircase can be created independently (using design programs). Or you can contact the professionals: a group of specialists will provide a comprehensive package of services (from the development of a three-dimensional layout of the room to the selection of the structure).

How to arrange a small corridor with a staircase to the second floor

A corridor with a staircase to the second floor is practical, safe and convenient. Therefore, in the design of the corridor, these criteria should be adhered to. This is especially important for small spaces: everything should be logical and functional here.

So, in order to arrange a small corridor with a staircase, you can use:

Large mirrors all over the wall. A large mirror will visually expand the room and become a practical element.
Niches. If the staircase is closed, the space under it can be decorated with built-in niches, which will become both decorative elements and practical elements for storing small things.
Shelving. Rack in the form of a rectangular triangle can be placed under an open staircase.

To make the room seem larger, you should use light colors in the decoration and active lighting. You can also illuminate the steps of the stairs with the help of diode lighting (suitable for modern interiors).

Wall decor and color along the stairs

When designing a staircase, one should take into account not only the style of the apartment, but also the color scheme of the walls adjacent to the staircase. Wall decoration depends on the taste preferences of the home owner and can be completely different. The main thing here is to maintain a balance of colors and decorative elements in the interior. So, for example, for bright Art Nouveau walls, you should not choose designs with a lot of decor.

The most popular options for decorating walls along the stairs using:

Photos or paintings. Photos and paintings can be either color or black and white. Instead of one large element, it is better to use a collage of small ones of different shapes and sizes.
Niches and shelves. It is better to place niches along the movement, and shelves - in the corners of the walls. Inside the niches, you can place interesting figurines, vases or pots with flowers, on the shelves - a collection of plates, climbing plants.
Contrast. The combination of black and white is considered universal. You can combine these colors in different ways. At the same time, the staircase can be either monochrome or two-color. In combination with white, you can also use bright colors.

Suitable for wall decoration: wallpaper (including photo wallpaper), decorative plaster, interior paint.

Unusually, you can decorate the walls along the stairs with the help of interesting lighting devices, garlands of light bulbs or flags, motivational inscriptions (in this case, the color scheme of the walls should be neutral).

How to create a unique design of stairs in a house to the second floor (video)

A staircase is a significant architectural element, which should not only be safe, but also match the style of the room and meet the taste preferences of the residents. The design of internal structures depends on the location of the stairs in the house and the design of the floors. Get ideas from ready-made staircase projects, get inspired by unusual architectural solutions, and create your own unique interior!

Today's tendencies towards rational use of the territory, more than ever, induce to build houses not in “width”, but in “height”. This applies to private buildings, but even apartment residents are trying to organize a multi-level layout, thereby expanding the usable area. To combine the upper and lower spaces, it becomes necessary to erect a staircase to the second floor, on the features of the choice of which we will dwell in more detail.

Varieties of stairs by design

When designing a staircase, first of all, you will have to focus not on design, but on the area of \ u200b \ u200bthe room in order to choose the ideal product in terms of design and size. There are two main types:

Marching stairs

A common variant of stairs, designed taking into account the biomechanics of movement and providing comfortable, safe movement. They consist of marches with 3 to 15 steps. If the maximum number is not enough, the height is divided into two openings, between which a small platform or winder steps are installed. Such structures are already called two-march.

Marching stairs vary in shape and are straight, pivoting (L-shaped or U-shaped) or curved. When determining this parameter, it is necessary to rely on the area of the room, the height of the ceilings, the location of the second floor.

According to the type of supporting structure, there are two types of marching products: on stringers and bowstrings. In the first case, the steps are laid on top of the beam, and in the second, special grooves are made on the inside of the support element.

You will also have to choose the type of steps. Parts with risers look more massive and fit perfectly into a classic interior, while those without them are suitable for a modern home due to their lightweight design.

In general, mid-flight stairs are presented in a wide range, and even for small sizes, you can choose a suitable copy or combine it with other items.

Spiral staircases

The principle of such structures is very simple: steps are attached to the installed rod, which spiral upward. They do not take up extra space and are compact enough.

The main reason why spiral staircases are inferior to mid-flight ones is the difficulty in moving due to the lack of solid support. It is not recommended to install such a copy in a house where children or elderly people live. The following parameters are considered optimal: the central width of the steps should be at least 20 cm, and the widest part should not be more than 40 cm.

In other cases, spiral staircases can be considered an excellent option for both modern and classic styles. Due to their spiral shape, they become a key element of the interior, and products of various shapes - from square to octagonal - will help diversify the design.

Ladders on the bolts

It will not work to install a staircase of this type in the center of the room - it is supported by a load-bearing wall, to which the steps are attached with bolts (bolts). Collected in one system, they form a single bearing element, giving the structure a light, almost weightless look, thanks to which it is often used in modern interiors.

Despite the visual fragility, the products are capable of withstanding from 500 to 1100 kg, depending on the material and manufacturer. In addition, the bolts allow you to adjust the height of the steps after installation.

Popular are staircases with handrails, which take some of the load onto themselves. You can experiment with base, shape and lighting to create a unique option for your home.

Choosing material for the stairs

Ladders are made from different materials, which give them certain aesthetic and practical properties.

Wooden stairs

Imagining a staircase in a house immediately creates the image of a solid wooden structure with curly railings and a beautiful deep texture. It can be luxurious wenge, oak or minimalistic wood of simple species. Ash, walnut, beech are considered the best options, but pine is not strong enough to withstand the required load. The lacquer coating will protect against negative environmental influences, but it will have to be renewed regularly.

Such material is suitable for any designs, but it looks most organically as marching products. For country or American style, such a solution is irreplaceable.

Metal stairs

Metal structures will serve you for half a century, retaining their original, neat appearance. To do this, choose stainless steel specimens that do not lend themselves to corrosion, since chrome-plated or painted options have a limited service life - no more than 6-7 years.

The plasticity of the base allows you to give the stairs and its parts any shape. Metal is often combined with other materials such as wood, glass, concrete. Graceful forged handrails are obtained from it.

Concrete stairs

Unlike more natural materials, concrete does not have lightness or sophistication, in its pure form it is unlikely to fit into a classic interior, but instead gives a sense of solidity and integrity.

Such structures are quite reliable, can withstand high loads and do not deteriorate over time. Unfortunately, it is difficult to install them on your own, but the cheapness of raw materials covers this disadvantage.

An important advantage of concrete stairs is the ability to decorate them with stone, wood or even tiles. The unique rough texture will be invisible, but you will get an aesthetic design at an affordable cost.

Stone stairs

Marble has a stunning deep texture, but as a stair cover it wears out quickly, literally after a few years. Granite or quartzite have opposite properties. Much cheaper artificial counterparts also do an excellent job of their role.

Stone stairs are often combined with metal handrails, and by adjusting the decor, you can fit them into many styles.

Glass stairs

If the first place comes to design, which does not require ten years of serviceable "service", glass structures have no competitors. Steps are made of this material, which are attached to bolts or used on spiral staircases. It harmoniously acts in tandem with metal, which enhances the effect of gloss and gives reliability to such a fragile product.

Indeed, glass stairs can be damaged by a strong impact, but even if it is absent, noticeable scratches appear on the surface over time. For greater strength, it is better to choose hardened or laminated varieties. Acrylic glass is considered the most reliable, but tends to darken over time.

Styles and design

Due to their shape, staircases often stand out among the interior ensemble, while remaining an organic part of it. To do this, when developing a design, it is necessary to focus on the main stylistics of the premises.

Stairs in a modern style

Modern aesthetics love conciseness and restraint, using practical materials, combining them to create a more sophisticated look. Preference is given to clean geometric shapes, lines, flat surfaces.

The style works with the peculiarities of the space, so the type of construction of the stairs can be any, the main thing is that it looks good in the interior.

Classic style stairs

As mentioned above, the classics are characterized by the use of three materials: wood, metal and decorative stone, among which the first is clearly in the lead. Initially, you need to choose rooms with a large area, since even the staircase here has a massive appearance.

Often these are marching items on kosoura or bowstrings with closed risers, divided into several spans and fenced with strong railings, often with characteristic carvings.

Loft style stairs

Concrete stairs to the second floor harmoniously interact with the style of the loft, emphasizing its industrial character. However, other foundations will also look appropriate.

The ladder should be as simple as possible to ensure comfortable movement. Since the loft interior, according to the rules, is located on large areas, you do not need to worry about the size of the structure.

Minimalist stairs

It is desirable that minimalist staircases attract attention as little as possible. Ideally, they should fit into the overall volume of the room, forming a single functional whole with it.

Means of expressiveness are minimized: the texture of the material, smooth lines, natural colors. An excellent solution is the steps on the bolts.

Art Deco stairs

The graceful and multifaceted Art Deco seeks to emphasize its "status" in all details - from the base of the stairs to the railings. The latter can repeat intricate, intertwining patterns inspired by floristic imagery.

Marching stairs will look monumental and noble, spiral, due to their spiral shape, in themselves correspond to the Art Deco style, but bolt fixings will seem too simple.

Where to post: basic rules

Installing stairs to the second floor is an overly individual process that depends on the size, layout and height of the ceilings in your space.

The most popular place for stairs remains the hallway, especially in spacious mansions. Thus, entering the house, you immediately gain access to all rooms without wandering through the corridors.

The second most popular location for a lift is the living room. This is convenient for buildings with a medium size, if the second floor leads to a private area, for example, a bedroom. In the hall, combined with the kitchen, the staircase can be used for zoning.

To somehow compensate for the impressive dimensions of the staircase, it can be combined with another functional item using empty space. This applies to marching structures located next to the wall. The construction of such products is more complicated, requires detailed measurements and careful planning, but the final result will make it possible to maximize every square meter of the room.

The understairs area can serve as a frame for cabinets. The solution is relevant in the hall (storage of clothes and shoes) or in the living room (for a home library and household items).

The staircase can be organized in the form of a wall in the living room, along the protruding parts of which you can move around the floors.

Connoisseurs of quality drinks can arrange a large collection of wines by fencing it with glass doors and installing lighting.

In the resulting niche, you can put a small sofa, arrange a cozy place for rest and privacy, and install shelves on the side walls.

The space under the stairs is suitable for creating a separate room - a pantry, study or mini-workshop. Any child will be delighted with such a secluded children's playroom.

Using these ideas will allow you to take a different look at the stairs in the house, which will turn from a bulky object into a functional solution.

Design of stairs to the second floor - photo

It is difficult not to notice the staircase even in the most spacious interior, which is why so much attention is paid to its design. You can find even more varied shapes, decor options and layouts in our photo selection. Happy viewing!

Staircase design in a private interior

At the design stage of a two-level apartment or a country house, the design of the staircase is selected, technical calculations are prepared. But the staircase is installed after the completion of the finishing of the premises, to the prepared place. Until then, a temporary structure connecting the floors is in circulation.

Classification of stairs

On the bolts.

The steps seem to hang in the air, being attached with bolts (metal bolts and pins) to the wall. In fact, there is no frame, but each step is able to withstand a weight of up to 600 kg. It looks very light and weightless, it will decorate modern interiors, designed in the styles of minimalism, loft, constructivism.

On kosoura.

Its elements: steps, handrails, stringers (one or two beams on which the steps are laid on top). This design of stairs to the second floor looks solid, reliable, so it is better to install them in spacious rooms.

On bowstrings.

The bowstring performs the same task as the stringer. But the steps are not placed on top of the beam, but cut into the inner edge.

Screw.

Designed for small rooms where space needs to be saved. The steps are arranged in a spiral around the central support - a metal or wooden rack.

What is a march?

The layout of the stairs is influenced by the height of the ceilings, the area of the room. In this regard, the design of the stairs distinguishes: one-march, two-march, multi-march.

A march is one flight of stairs. In a two-story house, one- or two-march is installed. The optimum ascent angle is 45 degrees.

Closed or open

Depending on the presence of risers (vertical bridges that connect two adjacent steps), stairs are divided into closed and open types. Closed look more imposing, this staircase design is perfect for classic interiors and spacious rooms. For modern furnishings, they usually choose an open design without risers, it lets in light and makes a lighter impression.

What materials are stairs made of?

The characteristics of the material, its durability, decorativeness play a key role in the design. Typically, the design of stairs to the second floor uses:

tree,
metal,
concrete,
glass,
combined materials.

Tree

The budget version of soft species (pine, spruce, cedar, fir) is affordable, but their inherent fibrous structure affects the reduction in the life of the stairs.

Birch and maple are semi-hard species, the average price and decent strength characteristics make them the best option for designing stairs. In addition, the structure does not need to be additionally reinforced. Elite hard oak, ash, walnut, beech are distinguished by the maximum service life: up to fifty years without restoration measures.

Wooden elements are treated with special impregnations against decay. The staircase is installed after the house has completely shrunk. wood is a flexible material and during the "movement" of a building can cause deformation. In order for the wooden structure to last longer, the room must be maintained at a room temperature of 20-25 degrees and a humidity level of no more than 70% (if it falls below 60%, turn on household humidifiers).

Thanks to the decorative possibilities, the design of wooden staircases is suitable for interiors in the spirit of Victorian classics, country, Provence, Russian hut. It can be expensive lacquered wood decorated with carvings or inexpensive smooth wood.

Metal

The indisputable advantages of the material are functional, durable, fireproof, does not need maintenance. To make bearing parts, metals with maximum strength are used - stainless steel, brass, less often bronze, they are less susceptible to destruction. As a decoration, the interior of the stairs in the house uses forged and chrome-plated elements with painting or external spraying.

In the living room, the design of metal stairs is very rarely used due to a significant drawback: a high noise level. To avoid discomfort in a residential interior, metal parts are combined with wood.

Glass

Manufacturing technologies made this material impact-resistant due to multilayer gluing (triplex), external polymer coatings, additional reinforcing layers. The increased strength factor allows it to be used for open interior stairs. No less high production costs turn glass into an expensive, elite material.

Stone and concrete

Natural stone is massive, so the design of stairs will require a large area when planning. Bearing structures, as well as steps, are made of it. To reduce the final cost, natural stone is replaced with artificial stone in non-load-bearing elements. Decor and railings are made of metal or wood, they are lighter materials.

An alternative to natural stone is concrete slabs. Thanks to steel reinforcement, they are not inferior in strength. In terms of durability, they will require periodic restoration work, and during registration, cladding is required.

Combination principles

By combining materials, the design of the stairs neutralizes the disadvantages and favorably emphasizes the advantages:

durable and inexpensive concrete slabs are perfect as load-bearing structures;
hard wood is an excellent material for steps;
metal - for railings;
from soft wood, glass, artificial stone, an attractive decorative finish is obtained.

Work on the project in the "TopDom" company

This is a step-by-step process in which the purpose, configuration, materials and appearance of the staircase are discussed with the customer. Engineers take measurements, calculate the optimal length and width of steps, slope, height of fences, solve safety issues for family members. Decorators blend the design of the stairs into the living space.

A technically complex set of tasks for us is a reason to show competence and creativity!

According to a widespread legend, the idea of creating stairs was thrown to people by animals. Goat trails, which had improvised steps, became the prototype of this design. The oldest staircase was found in a salt mine. It was made of wood, but retained its appearance due to the "preserving" effect of salt. The first technical requirements for stairs were made by the ancient Egyptians. Their writing speaks of the savvy of the architects of those times. The stairs in the interiors of Egyptians' houses were rarely decorated. They were given a sacred meaning in the pyramids. Indeed, in fact, this man-made burial mound symbolized the four-way road to heaven to the god Ra. Even now, in buildings with more than one floor, stairs are indispensable. Over time, they began to be replaced by more comfortable elevators, but every home still retains an "outdated" option as an alternative.

This structural element provides a vertical connection between floors. Staircase design became more complex in the Middle Ages. Those outside were decorated with carvings and weaving plants, making them an important element of the exterior of the house. The internal staircases were given more and more complex shapes, and the railings and balusters were made of metal with intricate forged patterns. Now this element emphasizes the stylistic solution of home decoration. Let's talk about the types of stairs and the materials from which they are made.

Types and design features of stairs

Despite the large number of types and models of stairs, the basic set of each includes the same elements:

Steps. Horizontal surfaces that a person steps on when descending / ascending.
Bowstrings and stringers. The main supporting parts, which are usually located on the sides of the steps.
Fences. Represented by handrails, balusters, posts and handrails along the adjacent wall.
Beams, bolts and columns. These are vertical support legs.

According to the types of structures, stairs are divided into three main types:

Screw. They represent a twisting spiral and are installed in rooms where there is little space. Everyone has seen examples of spiral staircases in historical films, where the ascents to the high turrets of old palaces were demonstrated.
Pain relief. In the design of such ladders, a frame made of fasteners for each individual step and type-setting racks are used. The main load is transferred to the ceiling and floor.
Marching. The most common option, which uses either stringers (closed models) or bowstrings (open models).

The latter type, in turn, is classified into subspecies depending on the shape of the stairs:

Straight. The most primitive option, when the element has no turns and takes up a lot of space.
L-shaped or simple two-level. In them, two flights (sections of stairs) are placed in relation to each other at an angle of 90 degrees.
U-shaped. A more complex design assumes the presence of two parallel marches, between which there is either an inter-storey or storey area (span)
Rounded or radial. The design vaguely resembles a spiral staircase, and the number of turns is not limited, but the exit from the march in the direction must coincide with the entrance.
Three-section. A complex model, which is a double L-shaped staircase.
Trapezoidal. The most intricate option, which has no restrictions on the choice of the angle between marches. This creative model is ideal for rooms with non-standard shapes, as it can be customized.

How to properly design a staircase

Ladders are needed not only for the owners of country houses, but also for the owners of two-story apartments. Even from the street, a small ladder usually leads to the house, which compensates for the fundamental difference between the height of the threshold and the level of the ground. The standard layout of an average summer cottage includes a kitchen and living room on the first floor and bedrooms on the second. It is most convenient to place the lift in the hallway. Building a staircase with your own hands is only half the battle, much more time will be spent on its project.

First of all, you need to familiarize yourself with generally accepted standards. So, the optimal step is considered to be the width of a step of 30 cm. This value is recognized as ideal for the average person and does not allow him to go astray when going up or down. The slope should be 45 degrees. This will not be too steep or too shallow. The minimum clearance according to the design canons is 2 m. However, if the owners are tall or plan to constantly drag the cabinets to the second floor, then it can be increased.

The average height of the riser should not exceed 20 cm. The optimal width of the stairs is 1 m, but if there is free, "ownerless" space, this value can be increased. It is not recommended to reduce it, since the simultaneous descent / ascent of two people along such a narrow passage will already cause difficulties. Of course, the matter will not be limited to some basic values. The project begins with planning the placement and choosing a location. Then they make a detailed drawing, choose materials and style.

You can come up with an individual design of an element yourself or use ready-made ideas from professionals.

Choice of design and style

Each style has a number of features that are not bypassed by the stairs. For the classic direction, wooden marching structures are ideal. They are considered the most reliable. Valuable wood species are chosen as the main material, among which oak is in the lead. Fences are made of polished wooden elements of soft shapes, varnished. In a rustic style, stairs made of rough-cut timber look organically. Railings and decorative elements are created from ordinary rounded logs. Combined materials are used in modern interiors. For example, wooden steps are in harmony with tempered glass railings.

Wooden stairs are combined with Provence style decoration. After installation, they are painted in the traditional white color for this style. The steps are made in darker shades, since this part of the structure is the most easily soiled. In minimalism, staircase creativity is welcomed in the form of "bare" steps that are built into the wall or located between the "curtain" of the thinnest vertical supports resembling strings. The loft style uses a luxurious combination of wood and wrought metal. This technique once again emphasizes the sophistication of the direction.

The staircase can become a link between rooms, which are decorated in different styles. With the help of decorative elements, this transition can be made smooth and unobtrusive. Regardless of the location and area of the room, the staircase will always act as its main decoration. Due to its massiveness, this structure simply cannot be pushed as a background. Therefore, the choice of a stylistic solution is very important, especially in those country houses where a staircase "head-on" meets guests from the doorway.

Spiral staircases are ideal for destinations with a touch of romance. They are graceful and airy, and fit easily into small spaces. The main thing is not to overdo it with the number of turns, so as not to get dizzy.

Location of the stairs

Most often, stairs are installed in the hallway or hallway, thereby allowing you to immediately go up to the desired floor from the threshold without a long walk through extra rooms. There are also options with side corridors, similar to typical high-rise buildings, but this arrangement model is more suitable for large cottages with many interiors.

By location in the room, there are only two types of stairs:

Central. They are installed in the middle of the room, thereby turning them into a luxurious element of the interior, which will definitely be the focus of attention.
Wall mounted. Such ladders save space and are compactly located "to the side".

Models with windows in the spans look original. When decorating, they are designed in the same style and the opening becomes part of the interior composition.

Materials used

Wood remains the most popular material. For the stairs, a high-quality tree must be chosen, since the safety of the structure directly depends on this. Of the types of wood, they note:

Pine. A budget, affordable option that has a beautiful natural pattern. However, pine will quickly turn yellow and have a short lifespan, but it is easy to process.
Beech. Durable but moody material. Even after special treatment, beech can easily deform when temperature or humidity changes. Not suitable for seasonal private houses that the owners visit from time to time and do not maintain the temperature regime throughout the year.
Birch. An accessible type of wood with a pleasant pattern. It is easier to process than pine. Boasts a long service life.
Ash. A durable material that, due to its hardness, is difficult to process. Ash texture is not to everyone's taste.
Oak. A kind of tree that has no equal among domestic "competitors". Strong, durable, reliable. You will have to pay well for the quality.

Also, stairs are made of concrete, heavy-duty glass and metal. There are also combined options. Concrete staircases are notable for their monumentality. It is these structures that are located in multi-storey buildings. Do not be mistaken about the unprepossessing appearance of concrete stairs. If you fill in such a structure in a private house, then it can be given an original shape, and the additional decor will completely eliminate the resemblance to a similar "government" element. Metal stairs are good because they can be combined with any other materials. Glass constructions are considered "not for everybody", as they are suitable only for a narrow line of modern styles, led by hi-tech.

Railing types according to the material of execution

The railing is considered the final touch to the staircase design. They are classified according to shape, material and design. Although their main function is protective, decorative is given more and more importance. By material, the railings are divided into:

Wooden;
Metallic;
Glass;
Polyurethane;
Combined.

Each material has its own advantages and fits strictly to certain styles.

Metallic

Metal railings are made of steel, iron, aluminum, brass, bronze and cast iron. The latter material is relevant for outdoor stairs. Stainless steel and iron are station wagons that can successfully withstand the effects of rain and frost, as well as a room climate. Bronze and brass are capricious in their care, therefore they are used only in classical styles, where refined shine emphasizes the elegance of the environment. Soft, malleable aluminum is used only inside the house, but provides the ability to tint in any shade at the request of the owners. Any of these materials are characterized by:

Strength and durability. Metal is not afraid of moisture or temperature extremes.
Easy to clean (except for bronze and brass). The only enemy of metal is rust. Periodic application of a layer of anti-corrosion paint will help to save from it.
High fire safety.

Railing technology is divided into four types:

Prefabricated or modular, that is, consisting of individual elements that are interconnected during installation on site using fasteners. Are light in weight.
Welded models are assembled "tightly", which ensures the safety of the structure. The only weak point is the welding seams. From rust, it will have to be treated with special care.
In the casting process, structures are created by filling special molds with molten material. Cast railings are distinguished by sophistication of forms.
Forging allows you to create unique, graceful patterns and ornaments to fill the railings. Handmade forged products are of high cost.

Any of the above design options can be easily combined with other materials. For example, forging organically looks with wood, and practical and modern model designs gravitate towards glass and polyurethane.

Natural wood

Wood is a material out of fashion and timeless. It will always remain relevant. Wooden railings will organically blend into the style of a chalet, loft, ethnicity and classics. The only drawback of the material is sensitivity to moisture and temperature extremes. To extend the service life, any wood must be impregnated with special compounds. Of the species, preference is given to oak, beech and birch. In expensive apartments, valuable exotic breeds are used, which will cost a pretty penny. By the way, for the railing of spiral staircases, a high-quality imitation of a tree made of polyvinyl chloride is used. Its top layer faithfully reproduces the unique natural pattern of the material.

Glass railings

Glass railings are subconsciously anxious, as the material is associated with fragility and the risk of cuts. These fears are completely unfounded. In fact, the glass used for railings has nothing in common (except perhaps for transparency) with the material for making dishes and bottles. It is covered with a special protective film, which, in the event of a strong impact, prevents the fragments from shattering. The glass of cars has a similar effect, which in a collision is decorated with a mesh of cracks. The material is strong, environmentally friendly and durable. Its edges are carefully processed, excluding the possibility of cuts.

If desired, the glass can be tinted in any color or decorated with pictures, panoramas, matte patterns by etching a pattern on the surface.

Combined

Combined options are varied, but always aimed at achieving the main goal - increasing strength. The optimal tandem is considered to be wooden railings in combination with metal posts. This combination is versatile and suitable for both classic and modern styles. The trio of glass filling, metal frame and wooden railings looks luxurious. Such splendor will cost a lot, but the aesthetic appearance of the structure is worth it.