Fish for a pond in the country. We create a pond for breeding fish at their summer cottage. How many fish should be in the pond

Garden opening reservoirs, which are becoming more and more popular among summer residents and just living in the countryside, freeze in winter, of course. And they freeze solid. Thick, sometimes almost half a meter ice blocks the access of air to water. Meanwhile, these reservoirs are very densely populated with all living creatures. At a minimum, these are all sorts of swimming beetles and dragonfly larvae. Frogs find shelter for the winter in reservoirs. And as a maximum - these are fish, wild or ornamental, sometimes very expensive. And all of them, even those who are in a state of winter suspended animation, need oxygen in the water.

Everyone knows that, for example, crucian carp hibernate by digging into the bottom silt. And it would seem that they are not afraid of any zamor. But this is in nature, in fairly large bodies of water. In garden ponds and pools, which are usually overpopulated and there is not much silt (if any), and the amount of water per each fish is much less. And then there are uncontrollable freeloaders - frogs and others, also consuming oxygen. In general, in winter, under the ice, even sleeping carp is not sweet. What can we say about fish that do not fall into suspended animation. For example, roach, perch and others. Namely, such playful and not shy fish serve as a summer decoration of the reservoir, playing near its surface, collecting fallen insects. Therefore, it is important to protect them from the winter freeze.

In order to keep the fish from dying, it is necessary to ensure the supply of oxygen to the water. Or rather, to ensure the contact of water and atmospheric air, at least on a small area of a few square decimeters. Those. arrange a wormwood in a frozen pond. This can be done in several ways.

For those who constantly live near their reservoir, or at least visit it quite often, it is enough just to cut through or break through the ice in any way. Crowbar, ice pick, axe, ice drill, etc. At least once every 1-2 weeks throughout the freeze-up.

It is much more difficult for those who visit their reservoir in winter from time to time or do not visit at all. Rather, it is more difficult for fish living in their reservoirs.

Meanwhile, helping them has become quite simple. It is enough to leave a small aquarium or fountain pump or pump in a pond for the winter.

A small piece of hose, preferably hard, is put on the pump outlet. The length of the hose should be about a meter. This will allow the pump to be buried to a guaranteed non-freezing depth. We pass the free end of the hose through a small piece of polystyrene foam (polystyrene foam). This will give the pump some freedom of movement. We adjust the height of the hose in such a way that the outgoing jet falls as high as possible, but not to the detriment of the pump performance. These pumps have a very low power (3-10 watts), so the height of their water rise usually does not exceed 50-70 cm. For our purposes, it will be enough if the water falls from a height of 15-30 cm.

The performance of such pumps is approx. 300-500 liters per hour and this is also more than enough. The falling jet of water actively mixes the water and air, providing oxygen to the water. Such a polynya will not freeze in any frost. And even if the frosts are severe, it can be reduced to the size of a palm, but as soon as the frosts subside, a stream of water will again wash it down to the size of a small basin. It should be mentioned that with a drop in temperature, the solubility of gases in water increases significantly, so even a very small polynya, especially with constantly stirred water, is guaranteed to save fish in a pond from starvation.

Now let's look at the economic side of things. The cost of such a pump - pump - 300 - 500 rubles. Its service life is at least several years. There is simply nothing to break there (a small magnetized rotor rotates inside a coil filled with compound). Overheating due to low power and being in ice water does not threaten the pump. The only thing that can stop such a motor is dirty water and a power outage. The power of the pump is about 5-6 watts. Those. per day she will consume approx. 150 watts. For the entire winter season - about 20 kW (30 rubles).

Is this an exorbitant price to pay to save your fish stock? And what is the cost of moral harm for the psyche of a summer resident who fishes out the corpses of suffocated fish in the spring?

As an alternative to such a pump, a compressor can be considered, which can directly force air under the ice. However, these compressors are usually quite noisy. The pump runs almost silently. In any case, the noise of her work is completely masked by the sound of murmuring water. In addition, such compressors are usually room-based. Those. designed to work exclusively at home. Fountain pumps are already designed to work while immersed in water, and the cold water of the pond is their native environment. In summer, the pump can work for its intended purpose - to serve as a fountain, with a more decorative design.

And for those who breed fish precisely as an object of breeding (for sale, for food, for dexterity), it is necessary to install such a device. Moreover, the pump must be installed more powerfully.

By the way, if you are a fan of winter fishing, it will be very easy to store live bait for it using such a hole. A small garden - that's all the equipment.

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Live, fresh, home-raised fish will always be in demand. Almost any kind can be bred. This ideal business plan without huge costs. In addition, there will always be fresh fish dishes on the dining table.

Business idea

Before making a decision, you need to be informed in all the subtleties of breeding, because every business has its own pitfalls. In Russia, until today there were many large fish farming enterprises, but soon they went bankrupt and could not stand the competition with foreign industrial companies. The remaining Russian fish companies cannot properly provide the whole country, so the Russian Federation has to implement large purchases from outside.

Even today, fisheries do not lose their relevance. Growing in artificial ponds is divided into several categories:

Pond for fish breeding

It is not difficult to make a do-it-yourself fish pond if you use the technique, but manually digging a large pit is not a viable solution.

Location selection

For breeding, you can use any site, both in small settlements and in large cities and beyond, if, of course, there is such land. For ideas are perfect pond in the country. You can do without digging a pit and build a small container from metal sheets.

The depth of the pit should be approximately 1.5 m, silt and peat should not be on the bottom surface. An artificial pond should be equipped with vegetation in moderation.

If the reservoir is fully comply with the requirements and not only keep the fish, but also provide conditions for reproduction (incubation of young animals and selection of caviar), then the business will become successful and economically profitable.

Arrangement

Fish farming technology

This is useful and necessary information on how to breed fish in a pond. Breeding rules:

intensive breeding

Standard technology. A 3-year breeding cycle is used for this procedure. This method is used to grow carp and other herbivorous species. A significant disadvantage is considered multi-stage. Each stage is produced in a special reservoir. For each stage, water is released. During the rearing period, fish are transplanted several times - from the rearing pond to the winter pool, and then from the wintering pond to the feeding pond. An important requirement is the provision of a reservoir with running water and lime soil.
Continuous Technology. This method is used by the majority of entrepreneurs. The process consists in breeding fish to a mass of 1500 grams. Further cultivation is carried out over several years. To do this, it is necessary to make 2 reservoirs: feeding and fry type.

diet

Nutrition depends on the type of fish grown, because almost every species has its own characteristics. The condition of the content affects the effectiveness of nutrition. In order for the fish to grow faster, it is necessary to supply it with protein feed. For accelerated growth of fish up to 1000 grams, it is recommended give food with energy value 4500 kcal. Young animals prefer amino acids: valine, arginine, methionine, leucine, tryptophan and lysine.

The diet is diluted with animal and vegetable fats. Lack of this will lead to slower growth and reduced body functions of the fish. It is also necessary to provide fiber, but the percentage may be different, it all depends on the type of fish. For trout and salmon, fiber is 20% of the total diet, and for catfish and carp - 40%.

The food must contain active biological substances: enzyme preparations and premixes. Vitamins of group B, which are found in cereals, are important. Bran is also needed as feed. Animal food is an integral part of a complete diet: the diet should contain food from krill and meat and bone meal. For fry, dry milk is used, as well as dry skim milk without excess fat.

Common diseases

Epidemics pose a great danger to fish farming. It is necessary to carry out constant monitoring of health with a frequency of 10 days. Possible diseases for freshwater fish:

Species for breeding

For a business in this area, it is necessary to decide which type of fish is better and more profitable. Most fish farmers prefer trout and carp - the demand for this species is very high. Carp farming is the least expensive and troublesome business. Carp, unlike trout, requires less investment.

Carp

The fish is undemanding to the content, but due to its rapid growth (about 2 kg over a two-year period of weight gain (there is a possibility of rapid implementation. At the age of 25 years, it can gain weight of 25 kg. Its meat is very valuable - fleshy and juicy. Fruitfulness is 1,500,000 eggs .

For carp breeding, ponds are mainly used, but cultivation in artificial pools and small containers is also allowed. The following subspecies are suitable for breeding carp in artificial reservoirs: Ukrainian, linear, naked, mirror and scaly. Carp can easily coexist with such types of fish: tench, silver carp and grass carp. Joint breeding of carp with predators is also allowed: pike, catfish and pike perch.

For growing carp, the most profitable system is intensive. The backbone of this breeding method is compound feed, but with a high protein content, approximately 40%. Running water is also an important element in breeding. The productivity per hectare is about 20 tons. For an intensive system, you can use a huge area of land - this is an advantage. The spread of the epidemic and the difficulty of control is a disadvantage.

For minimum investments and low capital, intensive method of growing carp in cages. The construction of structures is not difficult. Fertility is at a high level, but there is a drawback - high pollution and disease. To prevent such troubles, an ecosystem is used to protect water.

carp

Carp meat is slightly inferior to the meat qualities of carp. In nature, there are 2 types: gold and silver carp. The second option, due to its rapid growth, is preferable for breeding. Fish are less prone to diseases, and are also not whimsical to their habitat.

Carp-year-olds are released into the pond with the following parameters: 5 * 6 * 1.2. Approximately 20 pieces are launched for this volume of water. Carp food is varied: porridge, feed, steamed grain and even peas. It is recommended to feed the fish regularly, about 2 times a day at the same time. Usually fish eat food in half an hour. Waste should be disposed of. Until spring comes fingerlings are gaining average weight 250 grams. To continue the winter keeping, it is necessary to move the fish to another reservoir and provide oxygen using a generator.

Water should not freeze to a thickness of 70 cm. After spawning, a fry hatches in a week, after which the water temperature in summer should be at least +20. It is necessary to keep fry in the spawning pond for 21 days. For rapid growth, additives are used, for example, per 1 sq. km: 20 kg of superphosphate, 100 kg of peat, 300 kg of humus, 20 kg of slaked lime and 2 dozen buckets of slurry.

Payback of seasonal business and implementation

Fish farming in artificial reservoirs is considered a seasonal business. For the winter, holes are made in the reservoir for oxygen to enter. For the autumn and winter season, it is recommended to calculate the number of fish per cubic meter of pond. Sale of fish is carried out in the autumn.

Fishing is pretty easy. In almost every city there are specialized shops, hypermarkets. You can sell goods via the Internet in local city groups. To accurately calculate profits and expenses, it is necessary to draw up a business plan. Approximate scheme of the expenditure plan:

food - 7000 rubles;
purchase of young animals - 10,500 rubles;
wages for the possible hiring of labor - 30,000 rubles;
other expenses - 20,000 rubles.

The result is 67,500 rubles. The total profit will be 100,000 rubles, and the net profit will be 32,000 rubles.

An artificial reservoir on a private plot can become a source of not only aesthetic, but also gastronomic pleasure. With some effort to breed fish, you can get a good help in providing yourself and your loved ones with a valuable fresh product. And if you approach the matter on a grand scale, then earn. After all, doing everything with your own hands in the country at home is not so difficult.

Types of fish are selected in accordance with the breeding conditions. The determining factors are air temperature and water composition. The type of pond is essential - flowing or stagnant. When selecting varieties, one should take into account the coexistence of breeds, competition for food. The most unpretentious and productive are:

Carp or carp- heat-loving, but resistant to temperature fluctuations. The diet is vegetable food and mixed fodder. It enters puberty at 1-3 years, depending on the ambient temperature. Varieties - scaly, mirror and leathery.
- a large relative of the carp. Reaches a weight of 50 kg or more. Homeland - the Far East. It eats a large amount of plant food, is used to clean overgrown reservoirs.
black carp- similar to white, but feeds on molluscs. Scales of dark color. Well sanitizes ponds from pests of other species.
White and motley carp- very similar up to 3 years of age. Then the motley appear spots on the scales. Reach 50 kg. The white carp feeds only on plants. Motley is more unpretentious.
buffalo- looks like a carp, the birthplace of America. According to the growing conditions, it is similar to carp, but the meat is much more valuable in terms of taste.
channel catfish- omnivorous, large, thermophilic. Motherland America. With proper feeding, it has a very pleasant taste of meat.

Less productive, but well amenable to breeding in a man-made pond, are:

Golden and silver carp are unpretentious, fast-growing. Can interbreed with other fish species. Gaining weight up to 5 kg. Feels good even with unfavorable composition of water.

Trout, pike, tench, sturgeon are also bred in artificial reservoirs.

Grass carp is a type of freshwater fish suitable for pond breeding.

Advantages and disadvantages of home fish farming

An important advantage of breeding in a homestead economy is the ability to obtain for personal consumption or sell products that are in great demand all year round.

Fish meat contains a lot of valuable substances and vitamins. Fresh catch has excellent taste.

The capital investment required to start fish farming is not very high. The complexity of cultivation is from 3 to 5 hours a day. Weather conditions when using an artificial reservoir slightly affect the growth of individuals.

The main investment occurs at the initial stage. It is necessary to build a pool or dig a pond.

The main expenses for breeding - at the initial stage in the manufacture of the pond

Their type and size are determined by the financial capabilities of the owner and the area of \u200b\u200bthe site. The minimum depth of an artificial reservoir is 1-1.5 m. The volume is calculated from the estimated number of individuals settled in the pond. One fish 10-15 cm long should have at least 50 liters of water, i.e. in one cubic meter reservoir can peacefully coexist no more than 20 copies.

Types of breeding pools

The quality of water in a mini pond, its chemical composition depends on the source of filling the pond. It also determines the temperature, the presence of food and the oxygen supply of the aquatic environment.

What type of filling the reservoir exists:

Stream or river. Water in the reservoir comes from natural sources through the supply channel. The excess is removed by the outlet channel. The content of oxygen and plankton in a pond with such filling is favorable for breeding, because. closest to natural conditions.
Spring. Clean water with a high oxygen content is most favorable for breeding fish of different breeds. For a source of food in the territory adjacent to the reservoir, daphnia pits are arranged - small small depressions for the reproduction of plankton. They communicate with the main body of water. Daphnia move to the pond and serve as food for fish.
Atmospheric. In the absence of rivers, streams and springs, the source of moisture is rain and melt water. Well-heated water is favorable for the development of vegetation and living organisms.
closed water supply. The use of ponds without external water sources has become possible thanks to the use of special equipment: pumps, filters, ultraviolet sterilizers, etc. When constructing a reservoir, special attention should be paid to waterproofing the bottom.

Pond for fish with stream filling

How to make a pond with your own hands

Having decided to arrange a fish pond on the site, you need to determine its location, area and method of construction. If there are no natural sources of filling, the reservoir is built using a closed water supply.

How to choose the right site

The place for the pond must meet the conditions:

be away from noisy places and highways,
be shaded by trees, but not under them, because falling leaves pollute the water,
not be located in a lowland, because there is a risk of contamination by runoff rainwater,
have a source of electricity for water purification filter equipment and oxygen enrichment plants.

Necessary tools and materials

The most durable is a pond with a concrete bottom. Its device requires significant material and labor costs, which will pay off with interest in the process of long operation.

To build a pond you will need:

rubble,
sand,
cement,
grids of reinforcement with a diameter of 3-4 mm and a cell of 30x30 cm,
board formwork,
roofing material or other material for waterproofing the bottom and walls,
tubes for inlet and outlet openings,
waterproofing additive for plastering the bottom and walls.

The technology of creating an artificial reservoir in the country

Mark the size of the pond on the ground. For this, pegs and a cord are used. For fish breeding, the shape of the pond does not matter.
Digging a pit by hand or using an excavator. The optimal depth is 1.5-1.8 m, the angles of inclination of the walls are 20 °.
Before concreting, preparations are made from sand and gravel with tamping of the bottom.
Lay waterproofing from roofing felt or film with its output to the surface of the earth.
The first layer of concrete is poured onto the bottom with a thickness of 10 cm, rammed and recessed reinforcing mesh along the entire bottom.
The second layer of concrete is being poured.
Install the formwork for the walls of the pond. When finished, they should be 10-12 cm thick.
Reinforce and pour concrete walls of the reservoir.
Concrete surfaces are covered with plaster with a waterproofing additive or liquid glass. The wall treatment material must be safe for the life of fish.
Install the necessary equipment: pumps, filters, oxygen water enrichers.

For a successful wintering of fish, a wintering well should be provided. It is arranged from asbestos-cement pipes with a diameter of 80 cm or ordinary reinforced concrete rings. In a well buried to the mark of 2.7 m, covered with a wooden shield, the fish will not freeze and will not die from a lack of oxygen.

Even a beginner can build a pond with his own hands. Fish farming will not take much time if the process of stocking, fattening and catching is established. Even if the purpose of fish farming is not to generate income, this activity will bring benefits and pleasure.

What is the article about:

How to make a do-it-yourself fish pond

An artificial reservoir on a private plot can become a source of not only aesthetic, but also gastronomic pleasure.

With some effort to breed fish, you can get a good help in providing yourself and your loved ones with a valuable fresh product. And if you approach the matter on a grand scale, then earn.

After all, doing everything with your own hands in the country at home is not so difficult.

Types of fish are selected in accordance with the breeding conditions. The determining factors are air temperature and water composition.

The type of pond is essential - flowing or stagnant. When selecting varieties, one should take into account the coexistence of breeds, competition for food.

The most unpretentious and productive are:

Carp or carp- heat-loving, but resistant to temperature fluctuations. Diet - vegetable food and mixed fodder. It enters puberty at 1-3 years, depending on the ambient temperature. Varieties - scaly, mirror and leathery.
White amur- a large relative of the carp. Reaches a weight of 50 kg or more. Homeland - the Far East. It eats a large amount of plant food, is used to clean overgrown reservoirs.
black carp- similar to white, but feeds on molluscs. Scales of dark color. Well sanitizes ponds from pests of other species.
White and motley carp- very similar up to 3 years of age. Then the motley appear spots on the scales. Reach 50 kg. The white carp feeds only on plants. Motley is more unpretentious.
buffalo- looks like a carp, native to America. According to the growing conditions, it is similar to carp, but the meat is much more valuable in terms of taste.
channel catfish- omnivorous, large, thermophilic. Motherland America. With proper feeding, it has a very pleasant taste of meat.

Less productive, but well amenable to breeding in a man-made pond, are:

Golden and silver carp - unpretentious, fast-growing. Can interbreed with other fish species. Gaining weight up to 5 kg. Feels good even with unfavorable composition of water.

Trout, pike, tench, sturgeon are also bred in artificial reservoirs.

Grass carp is a type of freshwater fish suitable for pond breeding

An important advantage of breeding in a homestead economy is the ability to obtain for personal consumption or sell products that are in great demand all year round.

Fish meat contains a lot of valuable substances and vitamins. Fresh catch has excellent taste.

The capital investment required to start fish farming is not very high. The complexity of growing - from 3 to 5 hours a day. Weather conditions when using an artificial reservoir slightly affect the growth of individuals.

The main investment occurs at the initial stage. It is necessary to build a pool or dig a pond.

The main expenses for breeding - at the initial stage in the manufacture of the pond

Their type and size are determined by the financial capabilities of the owner and the area of \u200b\u200bthe site. The minimum depth of an artificial reservoir is 1-1.5 m.

The volume is calculated from the estimated number of individuals settled in the pond. One fish 10-15 cm long should have at least 50 liters of water, i.e. in one cubic meter

reservoir can peacefully coexist no more than 20 copies.

What type of filling the reservoir exists:

Stream or river. Water in the reservoir comes from natural sources through the supply channel. The excess is removed by the outlet channel. oxygen and plankton in a pond with such filling is favorable for breeding, because. closest to natural conditions.
Spring. Clean water with a high oxygen content is most favorable for breeding fish of different breeds. For a source of food in the territory adjacent to the reservoir, daphnia pits are arranged - small small depressions for the reproduction of plankton. They communicate with the main body of water. Daphnia move to the pond and serve as food for fish.
Atmospheric. In the absence of rivers, streams and springs, the source of moisture is rain and melt water. Well-heated water is favorable for the development of vegetation and living organisms.
closed water supply. The use of ponds without external water sources has become possible thanks to the use of special equipment: pumps, filters, ultraviolet sterilizers, etc. When constructing a reservoir, special attention should be paid to waterproofing the bottom.

Pond for fish with stream filling

How to choose the right site

The place for the pond must meet the conditions:

be away from noisy places and highways,
be shaded by trees, but not under them, because falling leaves pollute the water,
not be located in a lowland, because there is a risk of contamination by runoff rainwater,
have a source of electricity for water purification filter equipment and oxygen enrichment plants.

The scheme of manufacturing a pool for breeding fish

Necessary tools and materials

The most durable is a pond with a concrete bottom. Its device requires significant material and labor costs, which will pay off with interest in the process of long operation.

To build a pond you will need:

rubble,
sand,
cement,
grids of reinforcement with a diameter of 3-4 mm and a cell of 30x30 cm,
board formwork,
roofing material or other material for waterproofing the bottom and walls,
tubes for inlet and outlet openings,
waterproofing additive for plastering the bottom and walls.

The technology of creating an artificial reservoir in the country

Mark the size of the pond on the ground. For this, pegs and a cord are used. For fish breeding, the shape of the pond does not matter.
Digging a pit by hand or using an excavator. The optimal depth is 1.5-1.8 m, the angles of inclination of the walls are 20 °.
Before concreting, preparations are made from sand and gravel with tamping of the bottom.
Lay waterproofing from roofing felt or film with its output to the surface of the earth.
The first layer of concrete is poured onto the bottom with a thickness of 10 cm, rammed and recessed reinforcing mesh along the entire bottom.
The second layer of concrete is being poured.
Install the formwork for the walls of the pond. When finished, they should be 10-12 cm thick.
Reinforce and pour concrete walls of the reservoir.
Concrete surfaces are covered with plaster with a waterproofing additive or liquid glass. The wall treatment material must be safe for the life of fish.
Install the necessary equipment: pumps, filters, oxygen water enrichers.

Schematic structure of a fish pond

For a successful wintering of fish, a wintering well should be provided.

It is arranged from asbestos-cement pipes with a diameter of 80 cm or ordinary reinforced concrete rings. In a well buried to the mark of 2.7 m, covered with a wooden shield, the fish will not freeze and will not die from a lack of oxygen.

Fish farming as a business idea. Setting up a fish pond

What business idea to opt for? Let's try to find an answer to this question. Many of us do not think about how food gets to our dinner table.

We are not interested in where and how they were grown or produced, the main thing is the end result. We want to always consume fresh and high-quality products.

Live fish has always been and will be in great demand among the population.

It's no secret that many men love to sit with a fishing rod by the pond, relax, fish, and making this hobby their business is a dream for many that can come true if you set a specific goal.

Fish business from scratch

It is possible to make fish farming a business, but before making a final decision, you need to study all the subtleties and pitfalls of this business.

Russia is a great country in which fisheries are highly developed. To be honest, several decades ago our fish farms were among the best in the world.

Unfortunately, many of them went bankrupt unable to withstand the competition of foreign companies. Those that still continue to exist are unable to provide the population of the country with the growing needs for live fish.

Therefore, fish farming can be a good solution to the issue of supplying your region with these products.

The ideas of growing fish in artificially created reservoirs are not new, but they do not lose their relevance even today.

There are several directions in modern fish farming:

breeding fish in the pond. This method can be applied to breeding a variety of fish species;
growing fish in the pool. This method is used to breed carp, pike, salmon, perch, bream and many others;
garden breeding. This method is most applicable to growing large fish;
mini-reservoirs (barrels, bathtubs) are also used by some entrepreneurs for fish breeding;

Artificial fish pond

Choosing a suitable site

The site where you can make a fish pond can be located not only in small settlements or outside them, but also in a big city on your own plot of land (if any). If it is not possible to dig a pond or pool, you can make a container from sheet iron.

A reservoir for breeding and raising fish should be suitable for this purpose. The depth of the pond must be at least 150 cm. Its bottom should be free of impurities of peat or silt. Vegetation must be present in the reservoir, but within reasonable limits.

The business will be economically profitable only if the reservoir, in all respects, is suitable not only for keeping fish, but also for its cultivation, selection of caviar and incubation of young animals.

Arranging a fish pond

When creating a pond for breeding fish, you should not focus on its sophistication and decor items. Do not forget that its main goal is to create comfortable conditions for keeping fish.

Consideration should be given to the following when constructing fish ponds: rules and guidelines:

small ponds will require serious maintenance, and large ponds will cost you a lot. Based on this, it follows that the optimal dimensions are within 30 - 50 square meters. meters;
one of the sections of the pond should be in the shade. In addition, it is worth knowing that in order for the pond not to be flooded during spring floods, it should not be located in low areas;
bottom topography is complex, with alternating shallow water with deep water areas, with rapids and ledges of various sizes;
For breeding different types of fish, a variety of soil is required.

Fish farming equipment

The main equipment for fish breeding is considered gravity filter. It is intended for pond filtration. This is a hinged device that is quite easy to install, its cost does not exceed 5 thousand rubles.

In order to prevent the fish from suffocating in the water, it is necessary to use compressor.

UV Sterilizer prevent blooming water.

The rest of the equipment that you plan to use may differ depending on what kind of fish you will be raising.

What equipment is needed, and how to use it - the answer to these questions will be given to you directly by its manufacturer.

Additional information can be obtained from courses and seminars on fish farming.

How to breed fish in a pond? Growing technology

Fish in a pond usually grows 1.5 - 2 years. During this time, she manages to gain sufficient mass.

Growth and productivity are affected by the quality of water, the amount of food, and the climatic zone in which the farm is located.

Fish can be farmed both intensively and extensively.

Extensive Method- with him, the fish are not fed, they consume natural food. Fish grow with minimal investment.
intensive method- in this case, the fish are fed and, in addition, a rich food base is created due to the reclamation of the reservoir.

There are several technologies for intensive rearing of fish in a pond.

Traditional technology. It includes a 2 or 3 year growing cycle. Thus, carp and other herbivorous individuals are bred. The main disadvantage of this method is its multi-stage nature.

Each technological operation is carried out in a special pond. The completion of each of the stages is the descent of water. In the process of implementing this technology, fish are transplanted several times: from rearing ponds to wintering ponds, from wintering ponds to feeding ponds.

All these transplants are fraught with numerous losses. Another disadvantage of this method is the complexity of the processes.

This method can be effective only if a number of requirements are met, namely: the water must be constantly flowing, it must be technically aerated, and the pond must also be limed.

Continuous technology. It has recently been more popular than the one discussed in paragraph 1.

This method involves rearing young stock to a weight of 1-1.5 kg and further keeping the fish without transplantation for several years.

In this case, you will need two ponds - fry and feeding.

Nutrition Features

In order for nutrition to be effective, it is necessary to know factors such as: the biological characteristics of a particular fish species, nutritional requirements and their growth opportunities. The efficiency of nutrition directly depends on the conditions of the environment in which the fish is located. Growth can be accelerated by eating protein-rich foods.

The energy needs of fish are relatively small. For a weight gain of 1 kg, food must contain at least 4500 kcal of energy.

The fry have a great need for amino acids: arginine, leucine, lysine, valine, tryptophan, methionine, etc.

If these amino acids are not enough in the food, the fish may lose their appetite, as a result of which growth rates will decrease. In addition, amino acid deficiency can lead to disease.

The food should include fats of vegetable and animal origin. Their insufficient amount will lead to the fact that the fish will stop growing, there will be a breakdown in physiological functions and watering of the tissues, and irreparable changes in the liver may also occur.

The food must contain fiber. For different types of fish, its content is different. For salmon and trout, it requires the smallest amount - 20%. In the feed for carp and catfish, it should be at least 40%.

Fish feed must necessarily contain biologically active substances. These can be premixes and enzyme preparations.

Feeds of plant origin (cereals) are a source of carbohydrates and B vitamins.

Bran should be included in fish feed mixtures.

A necessary component of a complete feed is feed of animal origin. This is meat and bone and krill meal. For young animals, you need to use dairy products: skimmed milk and powdered milk with a low fat content.

Possible diseases

The big risk in growing fish in a pond is its diseases, which can turn into epidemics. The condition of the fish should be monitored every 10 days. The most common diseases inherent in freshwater fish:

aeromonosis (rubella). Symptoms: inflammation of the skin, dropsy, small foci of hemorrhage, bulging eyes;
diseases of the gill apparatus (gill rot). The appearance of this disease is promoted by high water temperature and a high content of organic substances in it. Symptoms: pale gill tissue, uneven death of its edges. Big fish stops eating, becomes inactive;
discocotiliasis is a disease of salmon and grayling fish species. Young animals are most severely affected by this disease. Symptoms: gill tissue injuries;
ichthyophthyroidism is a typical disease for many types of fish. A characteristic feature is the presence of white tubercles on the body;
fish dactylogyrosysis - this disease is characteristic of pond fish. The disease is activated in the summer. The little ones suffer mostly. Symptoms: small individuals are not active enough, swim near the surface. The fish is very emaciated, the eyes sink, anemia of the gills is visible.

What kind of fish are bred in ponds?

Before starting a business in this area, it is worth finding out which fish is best to breed, which species will be most profitable. As a rule, many entrepreneurs opt for two options: carp or trout. It is this fish that is in the greatest consumer demand.

Without a doubt, carp is much easier and least troublesome to grow. Money for this purpose will require less than for fattening trout. From the foregoing, the following conclusion suggests itself: the most profitable option in all respects is the cultivation of carp.

: fish ponds

Realization of fish

There should be no problems with the sale of live fish from your pond. All conditions have been created for this in each settlement.

Fish can be sold through a chain of specialty stores, markets or fish departments in large supermarkets.

In order to avoid problems with the management of the outlet, it is necessary to conclude a supply contract with the store director.

In addition, you can find consumers via the Internet.

Business seasonality. Payback

Pond fish farming is a seasonal business. Ponds are filled with planting material only in spring. In order for the fish not to suffocate in the pond in winter, holes are made on the surface of the ice.

Before the autumn-winter period, it is necessary to calculate the number of fish in the reservoir per 1 cubic meter. water. This is necessary so that she successfully wintered, and she had enough oxygen. Fish for sale are caught mainly in autumn.

In the summer, it grows rapidly and gains weight.

The population of the country does not experience a shortage of live fish during the 3 autumn months, when it is actively caught from the ponds.

The rest of the time, products from cages, pool farms and plants with a closed water supply cycle are sold.

The price of such fish is much higher than the one that was grown in ponds.

The seasonality and irregularity of this type of business prevents fish farms from actively developing. They can receive real money only for 3-4 months, and the rest of the time they have to invest in the development of production.

It will be possible to receive a good income only if a well-written business plan is available.

For example, let's take a farm that plans to breed carp. Expenditure part of the business plan:

purchase of fry - 10,000-11,000 rubles;
wages of workers - 30,000 rubles;
purchase of fish food - 7,000 rubles;
other expenses - 20,000 rubles.
Total - 68,000 rubles.

The gross profit of such a business can be about 100,000 rubles. If all expenses are taken into account, the income without paying tax will be 32,000 rubles.

The main disadvantage of this type of entrepreneurial activity is a long payback period.

Breeding and raising fish in ponds can only be done by those who are well versed in this and understand what problems they may encounter in the production process.

The competition in this business is very high. But if you feel the strength and desire to work in yourself, success will not be long in coming.

fish pond

Now, in order to make life in the countryside more comfortable and cozy, summer residents instead of potato beds choose various kinds of buildings for a good rest.

The most attractive job in the country is breeding fish in a pond.

And if you are also thinking about making a fish pond, you need to take into account the following basic rules.

Rules for the construction of a reservoir for fish

In order to correctly make a pond in the country with your own hands for breeding fish, you need to weigh whether you can fulfill the following technical conditions:

It should be clarified that a small reservoir needs careful maintenance, and the construction of large reservoirs can be very expensive. This means that the best dimensions of a reservoir for trout are from 25 to 50 square meters. m.
In order to make a pond in the country with your own hands for trout, you can opt for an open area, moreover, so that during the day one part of it is constantly under direct rays of light, and the second is always in a shady place. Do not choose a site for a pond in a low-lying area, then you will soon notice that your site is flooded.
The relief of the base of the reservoir for trout should be complex. It should alternate between shallow and deep water areas with different ledges erected at different depths.
The house by the pond is beautiful, but in order to comply with all sanitary standards and for careful maintenance, neither too close a distance between an artificial lake and a residential building is recommended, nor too far.
Soil must be carefully selected, for example, for trout breeding, it is better to choose solid soil. It can be gravel or pebbles.

The first way to build a pond for fish

First, we will talk about which particular reservoir the fish will feel comfortable in.

Fish, for example, trout, which reaches a height of 15-40 cm, need at least 50 liters of water for a comfortable place.

To build a pond with your own hands for breeding fish, you will definitely use a cleaning pond compressor. Don't forget to get a powerful pond aerator. You can choose any shape of the reservoir.

If there are fish in the pond in winter, you need to build a wintering well. Therefore, before you make a pond with your own hands for breeding fish, determine the seasonality and what type of fish you will grow.

Pond Cleaning Compressor

A pond in the country, which would be suitable for trout, can be made with a concrete base, taking, for example, an oval shape.

We equip it with concrete and pour it on top. To make the structure strong, it is necessary to prepare a reinforcing bookmark.

Before pouring the concrete mix, a reinforced concrete pipe is laid on the base.

All necessary work:

We thoroughly tamp the foundation soil of the building, remove excess debris and plant roots, dig holes for planting vegetation. We lay the wire rod crosswise, while fastening it in the areas of intersection with a soft wire. During the pouring of the base, the mesh is in the concrete thickness.
The base is poured with concrete mixture in the following proportions: 2 parts of cement, 6 parts of crushed stone, 4 parts of sand.
The solution must be compacted. Then we wait until it hardens and start concreting the walls with a slope. We concrete the walls with formwork. We choose its thickness about 14 cm.
You can arrange waterproofing, here a film for a pond will come in handy: a film for a pond is laid on a slightly frozen concrete coating, then we make concreting. So that the concrete and the film for the pond do not dry out, they should not be left in the sun. Cover them with weed.
The pond at the dacha is filled with water, and the boulders will help make the supply pipes invisible.
A drain pipe is installed on any bank to collect water, if for some reason it becomes more than the volume of the pond can accommodate.

Any unlined artificial pond for trout and any other fish can be made on waterlogged soil, where there is high groundwater. The fish in the pond will feel as comfortable as possible if the artificial pond is constantly cleaned.

Construction of fish ponds

If there is a natural pit in the country house, then with modernization you can make a good reservoir out of it. There will be an excellent solution for such an important process as carp breeding in a pond in the country.

At the initial stage, it is necessary to expand and deepen the ravine, then we close it with a soil dam, pour it along the length in thin layers and then thoroughly tamp it down. For comfort, dry soil can be slightly moistened with water. We make the dam so that it is above the water level.

It is also necessary to arrange a bypass ditch, which will ensure the removal of floods.

After the pond is filled with water, it is not necessary to put fish into it for about 2 months, so that a characteristic muddy cover appears on the base of the pond and the planted plants can take root.

Then we lower the water, and fill the pond again, then fish can be launched into it.

Carp or trout - it's your choice, any species of fish will suit your pond and will take root well with careful care of the pond.

Choosing fish for the pond

Decorative fish for a pond

Cold water trout. You can opt for river or rainbow trout. Such a fish for a pond will be a real decor.

For its nutrition, it is necessary to stock up on feed mixtures. There is no need for special care. However, the house near the pond should not have excessive vegetation, so that it does not slide into the pond.

gold fish

This is a good solution for a country pond. You can feed her anything. Caring for them is easy.

Japanese carp koi

Such fish in the pond look aesthetically pleasing. They will be the decor of a country pond. The abundance of the color of the scales of this fish delights. But to get the necessary conditions for its maintenance, you need to work hard. They eat little.

They are classified as aggressive varieties that can eat small fish. Koi love mixed foods in huge proportions, as a result of which they quickly gain weight.

But they have a clear advantage - they can very quickly get used to people and eventually cease to be afraid of them.

Verkhovka and minnow

They are suitable for those summer residents who like to watch underwater inhabitants. These are small beautiful fish, they quickly move across the pond in flocks.

The disadvantage in breeding minnows is that they need a lot of oxygen. Therefore, if you decide to breed them in your pond, then we arrange special equipment in it, or the fish in the pond will require oxygenator plants.

Only in this case, the house near the fish pond will have an aesthetic appearance.

Carp and crucian

They are among the most unpretentious fish for breeding. They can adapt well to stagnant waters.

They don't need special care. They can be safely bred in a shallow pond.

They quickly gain mass, because they splash less in the water to search for food.

Tench

They are unpretentious fish that lead a sedentary life and can live for a long period in ponds with a low oxygen content.

He feels great in a pond, the depth of which is about a meter. But when breeding tench, it must be remembered that the fish in the pond gain mass much faster if the reservoir has a large area of water.

Able to get along with any fish, with the exception of crucian carp.

Before putting the fish into the pond, you need to prepare:

- The acidity of the water. It should be about 8 units. If the mark is below 8 units, then we clean the water. Such a large figure indicates an excessive content of alkali in the water. We measure the pH level all the time, since its data can be different, based on the precipitation or exposure to UV rays. The acidity of a pond liquid can be measured with a litmus test or a drip tester.
- We increase the level of acidity in the reservoir with slaked lime or baking soda and special preparations.

Care must be taken to put peat tablets in the water, so that it will be possible to soften the water.
If you put faded grass in the pond, then in a few days the water will clear up and the fish will live there perfectly.
If only the water in the pond has warmed up to 14 degrees, then you can only let the fish into it. In the beginning, they need to be constantly fed.
We accelerate the "revival" of water and with the help of several buckets of liquid from an already inhabited living reservoir.

Pond maintenance and dredges

The main signs of pond pollution are the acquisition of a dark color by water, a rotten smell, a film of oil on the surface of the water, and a lot of debris. An overgrown pond needs to be cleaned in various ways.

This applies not only to reservoirs, but also to rivers. But there the matter is more complicated. A huge amount of industrial and domestic waste is usually poured into the riverbed.

As a result, you may notice that the biological balance has been disturbed in the composition of rivers and reservoirs, a rather thick silty layer is created at the bottom, oxygen is reduced, the flora and fauna necessary for the life of fish disappear, the number of bacteria increases, marsh gas is created.

Cleaning rivers, as well as reservoirs, is the most important preventive measure that makes it possible to make water useful for the life of fish. Any overgrown pond should be thoroughly cleaned of debris and excess vegetation.

None of the summer residents will like an overgrown pond with a dirty puddle instead of clean water, with overgrown reeds, with numerous frogs. People should monitor the condition of the pond.

Most reservoirs are fed by springs or underground springs. When the water in the pond is polluted, then clean water does not enter the pond, circulation is disturbed.

mini dredger

Mini dredgers are a mobile floating device that has a powerful pumping system. Dredgers will come in handy in your summer cottage for cleaning ponds from debris accumulated in the water and excessive vegetation.

In addition, you can pump out silt from the bottom of the pond. This way you clean the overgrown pond and make the water clear. Dredgers can be used for a small shallow body of water, where cleaning is mainly required.

An overgrown pond can be cleared fairly quickly.

Dredgers make it possible to clean the bottom of the pond without pumping out the liquid, they do not destroy the coastal strips. In addition, the state of the underwater world is preserved.

When working on the base, we direct a jet of water under a certain pressure, loosening the bottom sediment layer in this way. Then the bottom sediments need to be pumped with a dredger pump.

Some models of dredgers are equipped with an auger.

Dredgers are a universal device that every summer resident who decides to arrange a place for breeding fish should have on his site.