Powerful do-it-yourself electric motor. Electric motor - do it yourself. Scheme, description. Making a current interrupter

February 2, 2012 at 04:02 pm

How to make an electric motor in 15 minutes

DIY or DIY

It is always interesting to observe changing phenomena, especially if you yourself participate in the creation of these phenomena. Now we will assemble the simplest (but really working) electric motor, consisting of a power source, a magnet and a small coil of wire, which we ourselves will make.

There is a secret that will make this set of items become an electric motor; a secret that is both clever and amazingly simple. Here's what we need:

1.5V battery or accumulator.

Holder with contacts for the battery.

Magnet.

1 meter of wire with enamel insulation (diameter 0.8-1 mm).

0.3 meters of bare wire (diameter 0.8-1 mm).

We'll start by winding the coil, the part of the motor that will spin. To make the coil sufficiently even and round, we wind it on a suitable cylindrical frame, for example, on an AA battery.

Leaving 5 cm of wire free at each end, we wind 15-20 turns on a cylindrical frame.

Don't try to wind the spool too tightly and evenly, a small degree of freedom will help the spool retain its shape better.

Now carefully remove the coil from the frame, trying to maintain the resulting shape.

Then wrap the free ends of the wire several times around the turns to keep the shape, making sure that the new binding turns are exactly opposite each other.

The coil should look like this:

Now it's time for the secret, the feature that will make the motor work. It's a secret because it's a subtle and non-obvious trick, and it's very hard to detect when the motor is running. Even people who know a lot about the operation of engines may be surprised by the ability of the motor to work until they discover this subtlety.

Holding the spool upright, place one of the free ends of the spool on the edge of a table. With a sharp knife remove the top half of the insulation, leaving the bottom half in the enamel insulation.

Do the same with the other end of the coil, making sure that the bare ends of the wire are pointing up at the two free ends of the coil.

What is the meaning of this approach? The coil will lie on two holders made of bare wire. These holders will be attached to different ends of the battery so that current can flow from one holder through the coil to the other holder. But this will only happen when the bare halves of the wire are lowered down, touching the holders.

Now you need to make support for the coil. They are simply coils of wire that support the coil and allow it to spin. They are made of bare wire, since in addition to supporting the coil, they must deliver an electric current to it.

Just wrap each piece of bare wire around a small nail and you have the right part for our engine.

The base of our first electric motor will be the battery holder. This will be a suitable base, because at installed battery it will be heavy enough to keep the motor from shaking.

Assemble the five pieces together as shown in the picture (without the magnet at first). Put a magnet on top of the battery and gently push the coil...

If done correctly, THE COIL WILL START SPINING FAST! We hope that you, as in our experiment, will work the first time.

If, nevertheless, the motor does not work, carefully check all electrical connections. Does the coil rotate freely? Is the magnet close enough (if not, install additional magnets or cut wire holders)?

When the motor starts, the only thing you need to pay attention to is that the battery does not overheat, since the current is quite large. Just remove the coil and the circuit will be broken.
Let's find out exactly how our the simplest electric motor. When an electric current flows through the wire of any coil, the coil becomes an electromagnet. The electromagnet acts like a normal magnet. It has a north and south pole and can attract and repel other magnets.

Our coil becomes an electromagnet when the uninsulated half of the protruding coil wire touches the uninsulated holder. At this moment, a current begins to flow through the coil, a north pole appears at the coil, which is attracted to the south pole permanent magnet, and the south pole, which is repelled by the south pole of the permanent magnet.

We stripped the top of the wire with the coil upright, so the poles of the electromagnet would point right and left. And this means that the poles will move to be in the same plane as the poles of the lying magnet, pointing up and down. Therefore, the coil will turn towards the magnet. But in doing so, the insulated part of the wire of the coil will touch the holder, the current will be interrupted, and the coil will no longer be an electromagnet. It will rotate further by inertia, again touch the non-insulated part of the holder, and the process will repeat again and again until the current runs out in the batteries.

How can you make an electric motor spin faster?

One way is to add another magnet on top.

Bring the magnet up while the coil is spinning, and one of two things will happen: either the motor will stop, or the motor will spin faster. The choice of one of the two options will depend on which pole of the new magnet will be directed towards the coil. Just remember to hold the bottom magnet, otherwise the magnets will jump to each other and destroy the fragile structure!

Another way is to put small glass beads on the axis of the coil, which will reduce the friction of the coil on the holders, as well as better balance the electric motor.

There are many more ways to improve this simple design, but we have achieved the main goal - you have assembled and fully understood how the simplest electric motor works.

And today we will talk about how to make an engine out of a battery, copper wire and a magnet. Such a mini electric motor can be used as a fake on the table of a home electrician. It is quite easy to assemble, so if you are interested this species classes, then we will provide detailed instructions with photo and video examples, so that the assembly of the simplest motor is understandable and accessible to everyone!

Step 1 - Prepare materials

To make the simplest magnetic motor with your own hands, you will need the following materials at hand:

Having prepared everything the right materials you can proceed to the assembly of a perpetual electric motor. Making a small electric motor at home is not difficult, as you will see now!

Step 2 - Putting together a homemade

So, in order for the instruction to be understandable for you, it is better to consider it step by step with pictures that will help you visually understand the principle of operation of a mini electric motor.

We immediately draw your attention to the fact that you can invent the design of a home-made small engine in your own way. For example, below we will provide you with a few video tutorials that may help you make your own version of the engine from a battery, copper wire and a magnet.

What to do if homemade does not work?

If suddenly you have assembled a perpetual electric motor with your own hands, but it does not rotate, do not rush to get upset. The most common reason for the lack of rotation of the motor is too much distance between the magnet and the coil. In this case, you only need to trim the legs a little, on which the rotating part rests.

That's the whole technology of assembling a home-made magnetic electric motor at home. If you watched the video tutorials, then you probably made sure that you can make an engine out of a battery, copper wire and a magnet with your own hands. different ways. We hope that the instruction was interesting and useful for you!

It will be useful to know:

There is a secret that will make this set of items become an electric motor. A secret that is both clever and amazingly simple. Here's what we need:

1.5V battery or accumulator.

Holder with contacts for the battery.

1 meter of wire with enamel insulation (diameter 0.8-1 mm).

0.3 meters of bare wire (diameter 0.8-1 mm).

We'll start by winding the coil, the part of the motor that will spin. To make the coil sufficiently even and round, we wind it on a suitable cylindrical frame, for example, on an AA battery.

Leaving 5 cm of wire free at each end, we wind 15-20 turns on a cylindrical frame.

Don't try to wind the spool too tightly and evenly, a small degree of freedom will help the spool retain its shape better.

Now carefully remove the coil from the frame, trying to maintain the resulting shape.

Then wrap the free ends of the wire several times around the turns to keep the shape, making sure that the new binding turns are exactly opposite each other.

The coil should look like this:

Now it's time for the secret, the feature that will make the motor work. It's a secret because it's a subtle and non-obvious trick, and it's very hard to detect when the motor is running. Even people who know a lot about the operation of engines may be surprised by the ability of the motor to work until they discover this subtlety.

Holding the spool upright, place one of the free ends of the spool on the edge of a table. With a sharp knife, remove the top half of the insulation, leaving the bottom half in the enamel insulation.

Do the same with the other end of the coil, making sure that the bare ends of the wire are pointing up at the two free ends of the coil.

Simply wrap each piece of bare wire around a small nail and you've got the right part for our engine.

The foundation of our first the electric motor will be the battery holder. This will be a suitable base, because with the battery installed, it will be heavy enough to the motor did not shake.

Assemble the five pieces together as shown in the picture (without the magnet at first). Place a magnet on top of the battery and gently push the coil...

If done correctly, THE COIL WILL START SPINING FAST! We hope that you, as in our experiment, will work the first time.

When the motor starts, the only thing you need to pay attention to is that the battery does not overheat, since the current is large enough. Just remove the coil and the circuit will be broken.

Junior Technician

The collector micromotor designed by Yu. Eremin was an outstanding invention at that time (1935): after all, it weighed only 0.371 g! Worked from direct current voltage of 4.5 V, and was made mainly of thin tin and wire from radio headphones.

In the figures, we show the dimensions indicated by Yu. Eremin. You can make your first miniature engine two or three times larger, and only then, after gaining skills, you can take on a smaller engine.

The most time-consuming part of the engine is the anchor (Fig. 1A). The armature axis is made of nickel wire with a diameter of 0.3 mm (you can take a sewing needle or a pin). Bend the halves of the anchor from thin tin. Make a groove in the middle of each piece. To do this, cut a shallow groove in a wooden plank, put a strip of tin 3 cm wide on it, a wire with a diameter of 0.3-0.5 mm on top and hit with a hammer (Fig. 1 B), Then fold the workpieces, solder the axis into them (after it) and bend the pole pieces. The collector drum can be carefully wound from threads, and so that they do not fall apart, coat them well with glue. Outside diameter drum should be no more than 2 mm. Bend the collector lamellas on a round rod of suitable diameter from copper foil. Cover the internal parts of the armature, where the winding should be, two or three times with nitro-lacquer so that there is no short circuit on the body. Lay 480 turns of enameled wire with a diameter of 0.05 mm in the grooves of the armature. To solder such a thin wire, you will have to wind a copper wire with a pointed end with a diameter of 1 mm around the soldering iron (Fig. 2).

Bend the stator housing also from thin tin. Its dimensions are shown in Figure 3. Wind 280 turns of enameled wire with a diameter of 0.05 mm around it. The stator is connected in series with the armature. As you can see, the design of the holders immediately became much simpler (Fig. 4).

If the collector that Yu. Eremin made seems laborious to you, make another, simpler one, for example, as in Figure 5.

From threads with glue, make two drums and connect them to the armature winding, after stripping the wire with a fine sandpaper. Apply a strip of nitro paint to each drum. These strips should be slightly smaller than the semicircle of the drum. They are located with opposite sides. Unpainted sections of the wire will perform the same functions as the lamellas. Position the brushes on both sides of the axle.

In the 30s, Yu. Eremin's microelectric motor was not widely used. It is easy to explain why: at that time there were few micromechanisms, and it was tight with miniature current sources. Nowadays, microelectric motors are used in many areas of industry, for example, in watchmaking. There are also miniature current sources for them.

And modellers today are increasingly using tiny electric motors.

If you want to "revive" a miniature model-copy of a car bought in a toy store, remember Yu. Eremin's engine.

Yut, No. 3, 1984
A. Ilyin. Drawings by M. Simakov

To understand the manufacturing process of an asynchronous electric motor with your own hands, you should know its structure and principle of operation. When following the step-by-step instructions, independently make a design with minimal cost on materials, as improvised means are used during assembly.

Preparation of materials

Before starting the assembly, you need to make sure that you have the necessary materials:

insulating tape;
thermal and superglue;
battery;
a few bolts;
bicycle spoke;
copper wire;
metal plate;
nut and washer;
plywood.

It is necessary to prepare several tools, including pliers, tweezers, a knife, scissors.

Manufacturing

First, a uniform winding of the wire is carried out. It is carefully wound onto a coil. To facilitate the process, you can use the base, taking, for example, a rechargeable battery. The winding density should not be large, but light is also not needed.

The resulting coil must be removed from the base. Do this carefully so that the winding is not damaged. This is necessary for the manufacture of a speed controller for the engine with your own hands. The next step is to remove the insulation at the ends of the wire.

At the next stage, they make a frequency converter for an electric motor with their own hands. The design is made simple. A hole is drilled in 5 plates with an electric drill, then they should be put on a bicycle spoke, which is taken as an axis. The plates are pressed, while their fixation is carried out with the help of electrical tape, the excess is cut off with a clerical knife.

When an electric current passes through the coil, the frequency converter creates a magnetic field near itself, which disappears after the electric current is turned off. Using this property, it is necessary to attract and release metal parts, while switching on and off the electric current.

Making a current interrupter

Taking a plate of small dimensions, they mount it on the axis, for reliability, pressing the structure with pliers. Next, they manufacture the winding of the armature of the electric motor with their own hands. To do this, you need to take unvarnished copper wire.

One of its ends is connected to a metal plate, having installed an axis on its surface. Electric current will pass through the entire structure, consisting of a plate, a metal interrupter and an axis. Upon contact with the breaker, the circuit is closed and opened, which makes it possible to connect an electromagnet and then turn it off.

We make a frame

The frame is necessary, since the electric motor allows you to not hold this device with your hands. The frame is made from plywood.

Making an inductor

2 holes are made in the plywood structure, subsequently the electric motor coil is fixed here with bolts. Such supports perform the following functions:

anchor support;
implementation of the function of an electrical wire.

After connecting the plates, the structure should be pressed with bolts. In order for the anchor to be fixed in a vertical position, a frame is made of a metal bracket. In its design, 3 holes are drilled: one of them is equal in size to the axis, and two are equal in diameter to the screws.

The process of making cheeks

Paper must be placed on the nut, a hole should be punched from above with a bolt. After putting paper on the bolt, a washer is placed in the upper part of it. In total, four such details should be done. The nuts are screwed on the upper cheek, a washer should be placed from below and the structure should be fixed with hot glue. The frame structure is ready.

Next, you need to rewind the wire for electric motors with your own hands. The end of the wire is wound on the frame, while twisting the ends of the wire so that the coil is beautiful and presentable. Next, loosen the nuts and remove the bolt. The beginning and end of the wire are cleaned of varnish, and then the structure is mounted on the bolt.

Having made the second coil in this way, it is necessary to connect the structure and check how the electric motor works. The bolt head is connected to the plus. It is necessary to carry out a soft start of an electric motor assembled by oneself.

Pay close attention to contacts. Before starting, check their connection carefully. The design must be glued with superglue. With an increase in current, an increase in electric motor power occurs.

If the coils are connected in parallel, then the total resistance decreases and the electric current increases. If the structure is connected in series. then the total resistance increases, and the electric current decreases greatly.

Passing through the coil design, an increase in electric current is observed, which leads to an increase in the size magnetic field. Wherein electric magnet strongly attracts the electric motor anchor.

If the design is assembled correctly, then the operation of the electric motor is fast and efficient. To assemble a model of an electric motor, you do not need any special skills and knowledge.

Can be found on the Internet step by step instructions with photos at each stage. Taking advantage of this, anyone can quickly assemble an electric motor from scrap materials.