Heating of walls. A new word in heating. Warm electric walls Thermal ducts in the wall

Warm water walls are a built-in heating complex similar in design to warm floors. The design of wall-mounted water heating is similar to floor heating, but has its own characteristics. This heating method has been known since ancient times, when hot flue gases were passed through ducts built into walls.

But flue gases are a dangerous thing for humans; increased tightness of the circulation channels is required.

Appearance polymer materials, not subject to corrosion, allows you to use heated water as a coolant. The publication material provides an overview of the design of warm water heating walls and analyzes their effectiveness.

Installation of warm walls

The design of warm walls includes the following main elements:

The base is a wall;
Waterproofing layer;
Thermal insulation layer;
Reinforcing mesh;
Control and circulation unit.

Warm walls have a vertical orientation; usually the heating circuits are laid on inner surface external walls of the room. This covers the main direction of heat loss.

It is important to evaluate the presence and importance of two layers - waterproofing and thermal insulation. It would seem that insulation from moisture is not required; in heated floors it protects the underlying rooms from coolant leakage. If there is a water leak from the warm wall pipes, the water will flow down.

But the importance of waterproofing is important - it blocks the path for air moisture to penetrate into building construction. Most authors write that when heating with warm walls, moisture freezes at certain points - depending on the location of the thermal insulation layer - internal or external. Allegedly, with external insulation of walls, air moisture will freeze in the insulation layer and then defrost it, when internal insulation– moisture will freeze in the wall structure.

These statements are incorrect. A simple example can be given. Have you ever seen condensation on the external walls of standard multi-storey buildings? Most likely no. But in interior spaces there is heating and there is the same temperature difference as with heating with warm walls.

Calculations confirm the following - at a room temperature of +21 0 C, an outside air temperature of minus 21 0 C and a relative humidity of 60%, the dew point temperature is 12.8 0 C. Even steam heating, which considered the highest temperature.

Therefore, a layer of thermal insulation should be placed indoors, and it should have a reflective layer. The purpose of thermal insulation is to direct the flow of heat into the room, maximizing the amount of heat needed to heat the wall. When a layer of thermal insulation is placed externally, part of the heat from the circuits will be spent on heating building structures.

Insulation from moisture is also needed - penetration of air moisture is still present, but in minimal quantities.

The pipelines are fixed to the wall using special fastening strips, clips, and secured using aluminum punched tape. The most preferable method for warm walls is the method of laying pipes in rows (snake). In this case, the circuit supply is located at the bottom of the wall. This allows you to concentrate the heat flow in the lower part of the room, avoiding possible airing of the circuit.

Regarding aeration, it is worth mentioning separately. The pipelines of the circuits have a small diameter; if the system is properly filled with water and the average speed of the coolant for heated floors (less than 1 m/s), air bubbles simply will not linger in the pipe. They will be carried away by the flow of water into the collectors, which must be equipped with air vents.

Pipe pitch to achieve medium density The heat flow should be maintained in the range of 150 – 250 mm. Moreover, it makes no sense to lay the contours of the pipes up to the ceiling; a height of 2 meters is enough - the border of the human occupancy zone. It is not recommended for pipes to cross the contour of the corners of the room - this will increase the thickness of the plaster layer.

Pipelines can also be attached to reinforcing mesh, but then it is necessary to lay additional reinforcement for plaster on top of the pipes - a mesh or lattice.

The mounted contours are plastered. Moreover, the thickness of the plaster layer must be at least 30 mm above the top point of the pipe. This thickness is necessary, first of all, to prevent cracking, as well as for better uniform distribution heat.

The last stage is connection to the circulation and control unit. The unit has a device similar to the unit for water heated floors.

For efficient work wall surface systems should not be blocked by furniture or other enclosing objects. Typically, a “wet” configuration for installing a warm wall system is used. “Dry” installation, as in the case of heated floors, is less efficient in heat transfer. This is due to the presence air gaps, and air has poor thermal conductivity.

Efficiency of a warm wall system

An assessment of the effectiveness and functionality of the system can be carried out by listing the advantages and disadvantages of warm water walls. The main advantages of the complex are:

Lack of heating appliances;
Higher than underfloor heating, thermal power;
Reduced material consumption;
It is possible to use the network as a cooling system;
Possibility of self-installation.

The absence of appliances frees up space in the room, but total area is reduced due to the total thickness of the “pie” of the structure.

Increased thermal power is achieved by increasing the water temperature to 70 0 C and increasing the difference between the direct and return coolant to 15 0 C. These indicators exceed the similar temperature characteristics of the floor system, limited by a surface temperature that is comfortable for humans flooring.

The thickness of the plaster layer is, as a rule, always less than the thickness of the floor screed. Decreases accordingly thermal resistance– heating occurs faster and with less heat consumption. Due to these indicators, better heat transfer is achieved.

Many people talk about saving energy when using warm water walls as the main type of heating. This issue requires more detailed consideration, since claims about the cost-effectiveness of the system are incorrect.

In the case of warm walls, the pump power is not reduced, that is, there will be no energy savings. The power may even have to be increased, since the hydraulic resistance of the system increases significantly.

This is because each circuit is oriented vertically and adds a minimum of 2 meters of water column to the total system resistance. The final value of the water columns of all circuits imposes a serious correction on the required pressure pumping unit, on which performance directly depends.

The statement about savings due to the radiant nature of heat transfer (and due to this reduction in room temperature by 1 - 2 0 C) and the absence of convective heat transfer is also incorrect. Radiant heat transfer in the case of a warm wall is greater than in the case of warm floors - but no one has canceled convection. The air also comes into contact with the heated surface of the wall, receives heat and rises, replaced by cold air.

By the way, this is the reason why there is no need to construct contours more than 2 meters high.

Based on the above, we can conclude that warm water walls do not have outstanding efficiency and are comparable in efficiency to radiator heating. But compared to radiator systems a warm wall provides a more uniform flow of heat and a high-quality barrier to heat loss.

The consumption of materials when installing wall-mounted built-in heating is less than in the floor-mounted configuration of the system. This is confirmed by calculation. Pipeline consumption at a laying step of 200 mm is in the range of 4 - 5 meters per 1 square meter styling

For a room with an area of 100 m2, the required average amount of pipe will be 100 x 4.5 = 450 meters.

In this case, the length of the perimeter of the room will be 40 meters, the width of the contours (in the case of a warm wall - height) - 2 meters. Then the number of pipes will be: 40 x 2 x 4.5 = 360 meters. Material savings amount to almost 100 meters.

It is difficult to say about the use of pipes of a built-in complex for cooling rooms. To do this, you need to make calculations, since there is very little actual data. In this case, you will have to consider the possibility of condensation formation and the operating modes of the mixing unit - after all, it is designed to work at, with other temperatures of the working environment.

The warm water wall system has the following disadvantages:

Reducing the internal volume of premises;
Difficulties in installing electrical wiring;
Requirements for furniture placement;
Uneven heating of the room.

Uneven heating of rooms is often leveled out by the construction of heating circuits in the design of partitions between rooms. In this case, the circuit will heat adjacent rooms to varying degrees, depending on the location of the pipes in relation to each room.

Built-in heating based on water-heated floors is the original configuration of the heating system. It has both advantages and disadvantages. The need to use it depends on the specific desires of the owner of the heated premises, the required operating conditions and placement. Installation of wall-mounted built-in heating is cheaper, but is still much more popular. The warm wall system is most applicable in rooms with limited height; it can work efficiently in objects with increased load on the floor (no need to construct a powerful screed).

Wall heating is considered an innovation today. Warm walls home and flooring – it’s convenient, comfortable and economical. In this article I will tell you about the benefits of warm walls, how water, infrared and electric walls differ, and I will also give useful tips that will help you make your choice

Let us note several main advantages, which usually play an important role and influence the choice of certain materials for insulating your home.

Sufficiently high efficiency. Wall heating provides high heat transfer. Radiators, for example, give 50-60 percent, but water walls are much higher - 85%. You will be able to support comfortable temperature, significantly reducing the use of coolants. Result: gas savings of 10% compared to radiator batteries.
The convective flow decreases significantly. The warm wall heating system has a unique pattern of air flow distribution in the room. In this regard, the circulation of dust disappears, which makes it possible to breathe freely, which is important in a closed room during the cold season.
There is an opportunity to compensate heat losses. Such walls can work on the concept of " smart home", reducing heat losses by using the temperature difference between the main and return heating lines. This is achieved using a thermal barrier.
Dryness, which will prevent mold from forming.
Width of choice and the opportunity to create a new creative interior.

Wide possibilities are provided by the Knauf Warm Wall external insulation system.

Types of warm walls

The main types include walls:

water,
infrared,
electric.

I will tell you what they are and how to install them further.

Water systems

The essence of the operation of such a system is as follows: the pipeline is placed and strengthened in the wall, then connected to the heat mixing unit. The water system is used in addition to the floor and radiator systems, so all its components are prepared and installed accordingly.

This includes:

pipes made of metal-plastic or cross-linked polyethylene;
collector cabinet;
circular pump;
temperature sensor;
thermostat;
automation.

The system is installed in two ways: dry and wet. The dry method allows the use of a coating (false panel), while the wet method allows the process itself to take place inside the layers of plaster.

If you use plaster coating (wet method), then you need to install water systems like this:

Clean, arrange wiring and electrical boxes.
Install the heat mixing unit.
Glue polystyrene foam boards and vapor barrier on them (the use of thin foil insulation is allowed).
Strengthen the mounting rails (or mounting clamps).
Place the pipeline in a zigzag pattern on the wall.
Connect the pipes to the node via manifolds.
Carry out pressure testing of the pipes (the pressure should be one and a half times higher than the working pressure).
Attach the fiberglass mesh reinforcement.
Apply a thin layer of gypsum plaster.
Install a temperature sensor under the top layer of plaster.
After the wall has dried, apply a lime-cement layer 2-3cm thick.
Reinforce a fine mesh over the plaster. This will help avoid cracks.

Dry installation:

Attach polystyrene foam, vapor barrier and foam film to the cleaned wall.
Strengthen the mounting rails.
Install the pipeline on the wall, connect and check how it works.
Install a frame made of bars or metal.
Attach fiberboard slabs (plasterboard, plastic, etc.) to the frame.

In the hot season, the water system can be used to cool the air (like an air conditioner).

Infrared systems

Infrared warm walls are the most progressive method of heating a home, with a very good reputation among customers and manufacturers. You can easily and conveniently assemble carbon mats (rod and film) without spending extra effort. Mats with special rods can be strengthened:

under plaster,
under the frame sheathing.

Film mats can be easily glued to thermal insulation using special glue.

When working with film systems, you do not need to use steam and heat insulation, which have an aluminum coating. And do not apply glue or plaster to infrared sheets.

Proceed using the dry method and according to the instructions that came with the equipment. The installation process is extremely simple and consists of the following steps:

Prepare and clean the wall.
Install the heat reflector.
Install battens so that you can attach drywall, fiberboard, etc. to them.
Place and reinforce the mats using dowels or a staple gun.
Insulate the cutting lines with special tape.
Install the temperature sensor and thermostat.
Check the system operation.

Using infrared heater You can make not only a warm floor, but also a wall.

Electrical cabling systems

This equipment is considered efficient and economical. Current passes through the cables and heats them. The electrical system includes:

Heating cable (or thin mats with cable on them).
Equipment for turning on, heating and shutting down the entire system.
Corrugated tube, mounting bars (tapes).
Safety device.

When installing this system under plaster, we work in the same way as a water system. When making a wall under a cable (or heating mats), it is better to take foamed foil polyethylene.

Cut the mats clearly according to the markings. Place the temperature sensor away from the floor or in a corrugated pipe.

The cable system must be turned off when you cover it with plaster. The system itself can be used 28 days after everything has dried.

Otherwise, the installation is carried out similarly to the installation of a water system.

When you insulate walls in this way, you can use this trick. Cover the walls warm wallpaper from a foamed polyethylene backing for any type of exterior wallpaper. So where can I go? more efficient use wall equipment.
If a heating loop is installed between two rooms, you can heat two rooms at once.

Areas of application of warm walls

Warm walls are used not only in residential premises, but are also suitable for swimming pools, baths, toilets and saunas. It is quite possible to place the above heating systems V office premises, as well as even workshops and garages.

Video “All about types of warm walls”

Detailed description of the types of warm walls. Analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each type.

If until now you have never heard of this method of heating a house as warm walls, that’s good. You can pass by and not pay attention to this article - it is intended for those who are thinking hard about bringing such an idea to life. Yes, this is an “exotic” type of heating that few people use, but it is practically useless - or rather, meaningless, since, in fact, it does not provide anything necessary for a person. It even heats the room with less efficiency than all other heating methods, or rather, heating devices. In this article, together with the website, we will study the advantages and disadvantages of warm walls, their varieties, and for those who still have not lost faith in warm walls, the technology of their installation.

Warm walls photo

Warm walls: what are they made of?

Anyone who is familiar with the manufacturing principle will quickly understand that the technology for heating walls is completely identical to them - nothing new has been invented here. You could even say that, on the contrary, the warm walls, compared to the floors, have degraded somewhat. In most cases, the following material is removed from the structure: with this formulation of the question, the heating element warms up the wall, and the heat goes outside. At the very least, this is incorrect - a heat insulator can only be installed in the case of wall cladding, which, as you understand, is not always advisable. Otherwise, this is the same technology for heating surfaces, which can be carried out in three ways, or rather, using three types of heating elements.

In principle, regarding the question of what warm systems are made of, there is nothing more to add, except to mention small materials, without which not a single installation of such systems can be done. These are all kinds of fasteners, if their installation is possible, then similar things.

Advantages and disadvantages of warm walls

Before moving on to directly listing the disadvantages of such systems, I would like to immediately clarify the situation with their operating principle, which in itself is one big disadvantage. Most people know that heat in a room spreads by convection or radiation. The essence of convection is that warm air immediately rises upward, and thermal radiation spreads from heating device twenty centimeters maximum, and then, again, the principle of air convection turns on.

Now think about what will happen to the heat in the case where the wall is one large heating element - absolutely right, a twenty-centimeter section of space next to the wall will warm up, then the heat will go up and will be under the ceiling, warming up the neighbors. In general, the situation is something like this: it’s cold above the floor, hot under the ceiling, and so-so in the middle. Do you think it would be comfortable to live in such a room? Naturally, not very much. Tell me, what else is there? Yes there is, but then what's the point of heating? warm wall is lost as such - the only reasonable explanation that can be found for the use of this technology is pampering. You can, of course, use it for drying wet walls, but, again, it will be cheaper and easier to properly seal the interpanel or interblock seams.

Water warm walls photo

Now, as for all the other disadvantages that infrared warm walls and all other heating systems have vertical surfaces in the house. There are many of them, but we will focus exclusively on significant shortcomings.

In general, if you have not yet decided to install warm walls, then at least do not rush with them - here you need to think carefully and weigh the pros and cons. Consult with specialists, with people who have already managed to try this heating technology and, if after this you are still confident in the need to heat the walls, then you can act.

Do-it-yourself warm walls: installation technology

It doesn’t matter what heating element we are talking about - the essence of warm wall technology does not change. The only difference between different ways heating can only consist in the subtleties of attaching the heater - in everything else this technology It has standard scheme, which can be represented as the following sequence of work.

As you can see, warm walls are quite simple technology, and they are practically no different from underfloor heating systems. Perhaps it would even have become widespread if not for its uselessness - it is rare to find a truly rational use for it.

Wall heating is an environmentally friendly, practical and aesthetic solution for the home.

The warm wall heating system is an alternative to traditional radiators. In our country, these systems are used quite recently, but in fact they are not a new invention. The idea of wall heating was actually known in ancient times.

Warm wall system – heating in a new way

Panel heating in the wall, as in the “underfloor heating” system, it can be water or electric.

water system includes collectors connected by tubes through which water flows, giving off heat to the walls;
in the case of an electrical system, electric heating cables are used.

Both methods of heating a room have both advantages and disadvantages. Heated walls radiate heat into the room very gently and do not cause dust to float. The disadvantage may be high price installations and the inability to place tall furniture near the walls. A separate issue is the requirements for thermal insulation of vertical partitions.

Photo. Heating in the wall

Water heating in the wall

Installation of heating into the wall consists of connecting and securing collectors interconnected by pipes. To implement such a project, multilayer pipes made of plastic or copper can be used. Copper pipes In-wall heating is not used very often due to its relatively high price.

The pipe is permanently installed in the inner layer of the wall; it is laid vertically, horizontally or wavy. The temperature of the water in the pipes should be less than 50 degrees Celsius, since stronger thermal radiation can negatively affect the well-being of people in the room. The optimal water temperature range is 30-45 degrees Celsius. The thermal energy that can pass through a wall with water heating is about 200-280 W/m².

A water warm wall has an advantage over an electric one, since it is cheaper to operate, and in addition, the heating system can be converted into a cooling system. When in the summer there will be in the pipes cold water– the surface will give a pleasant coolness to the room, which will lower the air temperature.

After laying the pipes, the surface is covered with plaster or sheets of plasterboard, and then finished according to your preferences. It should be taken into account that water pipes have a relatively large cross section, which will affect the thickness of the dividing partition and to some extent reduce the area of the room. An interesting proposal is prefabricated plasterboard panels designed for installing pipes in them. This solution is made in the form of two slabs, between which the heating system is already built.

Advantages and disadvantages of the “warm walls” system in comparison with the “warm floor” system:

The temperature distribution in the case of warm walls is more even in height; in the case of floor heating, the temperature decreases with increasing height above the floor level;
Most of the heat is transferred by radiation - 90%, and 10% by convection. In the case of heated floors, these proportions are: 70% - radiation, convection - 30%;
there is no problem of thermal resistance of the floor covering, for example, the phenomenon of drying out of a wooden floor;
the wall surface temperature can be up to 35 °C, so you can get higher thermal efficiency per 1 m²; for a room temperature of 20 ° C the thermal efficiency is 140-160 W/m², and in the case of underfloor heating this value is usually 80 W/m² (increasing only in wall areas to 120 W/m²);
in wall heating can also be used more high temperature water supply than in a heated floor system, even up to 55 °C, while the water temperature in underfloor heating rarely reaches 45 °C;
in a warm wall system, the thickness of the plaster coating is less (about 1.5 cm) than the concrete layer for heated floors (about 4.5 cm). As a result, heating the wall has less thermal inertia, which makes it easier to control the temperature in the room;
Wall heating can be successfully used in summer to cool rooms.

Disadvantages of a water wall heating system:

Often in a heated room we have too small a wall surface as the only heat source, taking into account the fact that it is most advisable to heat outer wall as a “cold barrier”. Its surface is usually small due to the presence of windows and balcony doors. Therefore, sometimes we have to install heating pipes in internal partitions (but they can be covered by tall cabinets), or we are forced to supplement the system with underfloor heating or another heater, for example, a fireplace.
When mounting home decor and electronics (such as pictures and a TV) on the wall, make sure that the mounting hardware will not damage the pipes.
External walls must satisfy the condition that the heat transfer coefficient U ≤ 0.4 W/m². This condition is satisfied in standard walls in new buildings, but in the case of old buildings it is necessary to insulate the wall.

Wet and dry installation systems

The most commonly used technical solutions for installing wall heating can be divided into two methods:

“wet” method (coating heating pipes with a layer of plaster);
“dry” method (with plasterboard coating).

"Wet" method

This method is used to install pipes in external walls. The pipes are laid in a meander, preferably horizontally, with a pipe distance of 15, 20 or 25 cm. This solution allows for the most efficient heating and the use of minimal pipe bending radii.

In cases where the distance between the pipes is from 5 to 10 cm, they should be arranged in a double meander.

It is also possible to lay the pipes in a meandering vertical shape or even in a snail shape, but such solutions can cause operational problems in the form of air pockets.

The most commonly used for warm walls are multilayer pipes X-PE / Al / PE-X and pipes made of polyethylene PE-X or PE-RT with a diameter of 14 mm; the length of the coil with the approach to the distributor should not exceed 80 m.

The distance from the pipe to adjacent walls, windows and doorways, floor and ceiling must be at least 10 cm. The distance between the mounting profiles must be no more than 50 cm.

In a wet installation system it is most often used gypsum plaster with low thermal expansion, which is characterized by high thermal conductivity and temperature resistance. Plaster is applied in layers. The first layer should cover heating elements and have a thickness of about 20 mm. Then a plastic or fiberglass mesh with cells of at least 7 x 7 mm is pressed into the plaster. The mesh should be wrapped onto the adjacent wall. The canvas is then covered with another layer of plaster having a thickness of 10-15 mm. The total plaster layer including pipes is about 40 mm.

A complete wet wall heating system is shown in the figure.

"Dry" method

The simplest option Installation of the “warm walls” heating system consists of a dry method, when pipes are mounted between plasterboard wall profiles. In addition, you can lay heating pipes on the slopes of the attic roof. This method poses certain difficulties in implementation - for example, the need to cut grooves in the profile for installation to ensure passage vertical pipes. In addition, when calculating, one should take into account the low thermal conductivity of such a wall, since there is a layer of air between the pipes and the drywall plate.

Electric heating system in the walls

Although this system is more expensive to operate than a water system, it is often used. This is dictated primarily by the small size of electrical cables and, therefore, the ability to avoid excessive thickening of the walls. Other advantages are the speed and ease of cable installation, as well as easy control of the resulting heating system.

However, such a system has many disadvantages. This is, first of all, an increase in electricity bills, which are now quite expensive. It should also be noted that the system is dangerous, since the electrical cable can burn out when the heat flow from the walls is blocked, for example, by a large furniture set located close to the wall. It is also worth considering the electromagnetic field that arises in this case, which can adversely affect our mood.

Electrical wall heating created from two-core wires connected on one side, or from single-core wires connected on both sides. The wires are laid in loops of a certain wavelength. After installing the system, the walls are covered with plasterboard slabs and finished in any way - for painting, wallpaper, or installation ceramic tiles.

Heating "warm wall" - pros and cons

Interest in wall heating systems is growing from year to year, but so-called heated floors still have absolute superiority. At the same time, electric wall heating or warm water walls are very similar in principle to heated floors and are not yet very popular due to the fact that they are little known.

Advantages of warm walls

Environmental friendliness.
High aesthetics (no visible radiators, which often limit interior design options).
Higher hygiene than in the case of traditional heating and underfloor heating systems - since the indoor air is cleaner (it is not polluted by dust from convection currents from the floor and is less dry).
In addition, contrary to popular belief, a warm wall heating system can be economical, as it allows the temperature to be reduced by one or two degrees without compromising thermal comfort. While we will feel cold when operating traditional radiators and using them to heat the room to a temperature of 18-20 degrees Celsius, warm walls will help us feel absolutely comfortable due to the transfer of a significant part of the thermal energy in the form of infrared radiation.

The most serious disadvantages of warm walls were mentioned at the very beginning of the article, namely their high cost. In addition, in this case, problems associated with the thermal insulation of the building manifest themselves more negatively. If the walls have a heat transfer coefficient U exceeding 0.3 W/m²K, the “warm walls” heating system will not be effective. In this case there are two solutions. The first is wall insulation with outside. Another is to abandon the warm wall system.

They started making warm water walls in Europe, although this heating method was already being introduced in our Soviet Union. The development and calculations were carried out not by just anyone, but by entire research institutes (scientific research institutes). You can still find houses where low temperature systems heating units are built into the walls. So the method is far from new.

Features of warm walls

Lateral heat radiation is most comfortable for people.

Warm walls can be water or electric. For water pipes, pipes made of metal-plastic polyethylene with a degree of cross-linking of 70% are used. For electric heating It is allowed to use a single-core or two-core thick cable (5 mm) or a thin cable (2.5 mm) glued to a fiberglass mesh. Last Available in rolls.

Warm walls are an excellent alternative when it is impossible to heat the floor - in garages, workshops, warehouses, small bedrooms with a double bed, rooms simply filled with furniture, etc. It is possible to combine these two heating systems. Features of warm walls:

the air does not overheat;
you can save from 3 to 6% energy;
heating of the room occurs in a radiant way;
no convection - no dust.

Thanks to the radiant heating method, the room temperature can be lower by 2 degrees. This will not affect comfort in any way; accordingly, you can save on energy.

You can’t crowd the walls with furniture to get the most out of your space. thermal energy. Lateral radiation of heat is most comfortable for people, and there are no strong temperature differences from below and above the room.

Warm walls are more efficient as heating than warm floors in rooms with high humidity, since no energy is wasted on water evaporation. For example, in the bathroom. Heating can be mounted both on external walls and on internal partitions. In the second case, one circuit can heat two rooms at once. Making warm water walls with your own hands is more difficult than making electric ones. But despite this, for installation electric cable they almost never resort to plastering on walls, giving preference to a low-temperature water heating system.

The need for insulation

In the bathroom, you can place electric heating mats directly under the tiles.

To make external warm water walls with your own hands, you need to insulate them. Thermal insulation is installed on the outside. Although this will lead to excessive energy consumption for heating the walls, the dew point will be shifted into the insulation, and condensation will not settle. About , We have already talked about it in one of the articles. Depending on the insulation method (wet or ventilated facade), materials are selected:

Styrofoam;
mineral wool;
polyurethane foam;
ecowool;
penoizol and so on.

You also need to correctly . For the Moscow region, the thermal insulation layer should be 8-10 cm. In extreme cases, if external insulation is not possible, thermal insulation can be laid from the inside. To do this, it is convenient to use warm wall panels with aluminum inserts, which, after laying out the contour, are covered with plasterboard.

Laying out the contour of warm walls

A horizontal snake is preferable to a vertical one.

The distribution of warm water walls is carried out using a horizontal or vertical snake. The snail laying method makes it difficult to remove air pockets, so it is not used. The coolant moves from bottom to top, from floor to ceiling. At vertical wiring There is a problem with removing air in the upper half rings. At horizontal wiring It's easier to get the air out. Unlike underfloor heating, the pitch of pipe laying is not limited, since temperature changes are allowed. You can use a variable step to achieve a room temperature distribution close to ideal conditions:

from the floor to a height of 120 cm, pipes are laid in increments of 10-15 cm;
in the interval 120-180 cm, the step is 20-25 cm;
above 180 cm the step can be 30-40 cm.

The contour is laid under a screed or under drywall (wet and dry methods).

We have already told you. Everything happens similarly with walls, so we won’t repeat ourselves. When installing using the dry method, a sheet of galvanized corrugated sheeting is attached to the wall to increase the heat exchange area. A PEX pipe made using any of the stitching methods (a, b, c) is placed in the grooves. Drywall is screwed onto the corrugated sheet.

According to reviews, it is necessary to install a separate one on warm water walls. . In a vertical low-temperature circuit, the coolant speed must be at least 0.25 m/s. The water pressure must be strong enough to push out any air that may accumulate in the system. By the way, heated floors do not have this problem, although they often also require a pump. Warm walls are connected to the main heating system through a manifold unit in which thermostats and an automatic air vent are installed.

Installation of warm walls in wooden houses. In this case, only the dry finishing method is suitable. It is not necessary to use corrugated sheets. You can lay a contour between the sheathing, having previously laid reflective insulation with foil inside the room. At the same time, Penofol is not enough for normal insulation; it is just a screen for IR rays.