Special rapid response unit assembled. The difference between sobr and riot police

Since 2004, November 9 is celebrated as SOBR Day. The history of police special forces begins in 1978, when, on the eve of Olympic Games In 1980, the first special-purpose police unit was created in Moscow, which became part of the structure of the Organized Crime Control Department, and in 1992, under the regional Organized Crime Control Departments, special units rapid response - SOBR. In 2002, according to the order of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, SOBRs were reorganized into special purpose police units (OMSN), and in 2012 the units again received their former name - SOBR MVD.

The main task of the Russian SOBR is to combat various manifestations of organized crime different ways and types, however, due to the turbulent internal political situation in the North Caucasus region, special rapid reaction units successfully participated in military operations. The operations carried out by the SOBR in Dagestan, as well as the SOBR operations in Chechnya, were distinguished by high precision and well-planned actions. Only officers serve in SOBR.

SOBR "Lynx"

The detachment was created in 1992, on February 10, in Moscow, as a tactical operations department, its initial staff consisted of only 9 people, and in 1993 it was reorganized into a special rapid reaction detachment. Acting as an operational combat unit, SOBR fighters not only provided force support, their task included the development of various operations, often SOBR officers of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs infiltrated criminal groups.

SOBR members work with extreme rigidity. Even in those “dashing” 90s, when Russia was literally overwhelmed by the rampant criminal gangs, they were feared like the plague in criminal circles.

SOBR “Lynx” fighters also had a chance to visit hot spots. In 1993, SOBR members received a baptism of fire in the conflict zone between Ossetians and Ingush in the Prigorodny region of North Ossetia. Further, from 1994 to the present, fighters of the Lynx SOBR took part in almost all major operations in the North Caucasus, including the First and Second Chechen campaigns.

Today, the Lynx SOBR constantly carries out promptly - combat missions both in Moscow and in other regions of Russia. Crime has not decreased, but its nature has changed, and at the same time the approach of the SOBR of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia to the development and planning of operations, which is why the detachment is conducting Full time job on collecting, analyzing and summarizing all kinds of information on conducting special operations both in Russia and abroad.

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SOBR "Bulat"

SOBR "Bulat" was formed in 1993, on January 1, under the Main Organized Crime Control Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the Moscow Region. The location of the Bulat SOBR is the city of Dolgoprudny. Since that time, not a single major special operation to identify and detain criminal groups has been completed without members of the unit.

However, the internal political situation in the country imposes its own adjustments to the use of SOBR units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. In the period from 1996 to 1996 alone, Bulat SOBR personnel visited “hot” spots in the North Caucasus eight times. Employees of the Bulat SOBR and the Second Chechen Company distinguished themselves. More than once they had to participate in the liquidation of militant gangs, both independently and with other special forces.

Today, the Bulat SOBR involves operations to neutralize members of criminal groups, forceful support of police officers in operational search activities, the fight against terrorists of various types, and the suppression of the activities of drug dealers and arms dealers. In addition, part of the personnel of the Bulat SOBR performs special tasks in the North Caucasus region.

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SOBR "Granite"

SOBR "Granit" was formed in 1993, on March 14. The location of the SOBR of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia “Granit” is St. Petersburg. Over the years of its existence, the SOBR of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs "Granit" performed various tasks of providing force support to employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, freeing hostages, and neutralizing terrorists. SOBR soldiers gained enormous experience during special operations in the North Caucasus - SOBR members visited Chechnya alone more than 60 times. Joint exercises with special forces of foreign countries also contribute to the accumulation of experience.

Last year, 2013, SOBR “Granit” celebrated its 20th anniversary. On the holiday in honor of SOBR soldiers, a cannon shot was fired from the walls of the Peter and Paul Fortress at exactly noon.

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SOBR "Viking"

The Viking SOBR stationed in Kaliningrad was formed in 1993. The specificity of the work of this SOBR detachment of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia lies in the location of the Kaliningrad region, which is surrounded by foreign countries. Thanks to the clear actions of the personnel of the SOBR of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs "Viking", over the years of the unit's existence, many criminal groups that transported smuggled goods through the territory of the region, arms and drug dealers were identified and neutralized. More than once, Viking SOBR fighters visited the North Caucasus region.

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SOBR "Vector"

The Volgograd SOBR "Vector", which also celebrated its 20th anniversary this year, 2013, in addition to its immediate responsibilities - the fight against organized crime and conducting anti-terrorist operations - pays great attention to educational and patriotic work with youth. For the fifth year now, on the basis of a special rapid response unit, the interregional mobile military applied sports camp “I have the honor! Vector of Courage”, and in August, the military-historical camp “Stalingrad - the frontier of soldier’s glory” opens on the basis of the Special Forces “Vector”.

For the opening of the camps, SOBR fighters are preparing an extensive program, which includes shooting, training in techniques hand-to-hand combat, a forced march of five kilometers, and a disembarkation from special equipment of the Special Forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs “Vector”. The opening takes place in a solemn ceremony on Mamayev Kurgan.

On the days of youth camps in the city you can see demonstration performances by SOBR fighters.

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SOBR "Thunder"

The special rapid reaction detachment "Grom" of the Republic of Chuvashia, based in Cheboksary, was formed in March 1993. Today, the SOBR of the Ministry of Internal Affairs “Grom” has carried out many special operations to neutralize criminal groups on the territory of the republic.

More than a dozen times the personnel of the SOBR "Grom" went on business trips to North Caucasus, in 1995, near Gudermes, SOBR soldiers were surrounded for more than ten days, holding the line in the building of an abandoned cold storage plant. Almost all SOBR “Grom” employees have undergone combat training in “hot” spots and have state awards.

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SOBR "Zvezda"

It is not for nothing that our fellow countrymen are proud of the Zvezda SOBR unit, which was formed in 1993 and is stationed in Saransk (Mordovia). In November 1995, part of the SOBR personnel of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Saransk, having gone on a planned business trip to the North Caucasus, almost immediately found themselves in the thick of hostilities near Gudermes. As part of the combined detachment of SOBR of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, fighters of SOBR “Zvezda” repelled fierce attacks by militants for more than a month. All of them were awarded the Order of Courage.

Today, the Zvezda SOBR is carrying out tasks for its intended purpose - the fight against organized crime on the territory of the republic, and the constant improvement of combat training.

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SOBR "Sobol"

Employees of the Sobol SOBR, formed in 1993 in the Republic of Udmurtia with a location in Izhevsk, from the very first days of its existence began to carry out active measures to detain members of criminal groups. One of the main operations of the Udmurt SOBR of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the early 90s of the twentieth century was the detention of a gang that killed the 1st Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs of the republic along with his family.

The personnel of the Sobol SOBR took part in the First and Second Chechen campaigns, and participated in the storming of the Dudayev Palace in Grozny.

Today, SOBR soldiers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Udmurtia, replacing each other, go on scheduled business trips to the North Caucasus region. It was from the call sign used by the detachment in hot spots that the name of the detachment came - “Sable”.

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SOBR "Phoenix"

The Lipetsk SOBR of the Ministry of Internal Affairs "Phoenix", formed in April 1993, has several dozen successfully carried out special operations to free hostages and detain especially dangerous criminals.

Since the end of 1994, the Lipetsk SOBR has been in Chechnya. Personnel of the Phoenix SOBR participated in battles against the gangs of Gelayev, Basayev, and Khattab. In 1996, as part of the combined detachment of SOBR of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the Fenikovites were surrounded on Minutka Square in Grozny. In that unequal battle, every tenth of the three hundred Russian SOBR members died, including two fighters of the Phoenix SOBR of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Today, the Phoenix SOBR continues to carry out special missions in the North Caucasus together with the FSB special forces.

Well, in the Lipetsk region, despite the calm situation, fighters of the Phoenix SOBR are always on the alert, and at any moment are ready to go to arrest particularly dangerous criminal elements. And, of course, part Everyday life SOBR in 2013 - constant exercises, often together with special forces of other structures.

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SOBR "Elbrus"

SOBR "Elbrus", stationed in Nalchik (Kabardino-Balkaria), was created in 1993, on January 18. Due to the tense situation in the region, the SOBR of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs "Elbrus" had to literally go into battle from the very first days of its creation. Increased hostage-taking in the region, increased trade in arms, ammunition and explosives, the emergence of large quantity bandit formations - the newly created SOBR of the Ministry of Internal Affairs had to fight all this.

The personnel of the SOBR of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia "Elbrus" took part in all operations in the North Caucasus; in October 2005, SOBR fighters repelled an attack by militants on Nalchik.

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SOBR Day

SOBR Day, along with the unit's birthday, is one of the main holidays of Russia's special rapid reaction units. On SOBR Day, unit officers accept congratulations, and on SOBR Day, veterans are honored. On the day of the holiday, especially distinguished SOBR soldiers are presented with state awards and memorable gifts. Also on SOBR Day, honors are paid to the fallen soldiers.

Units are preparing for the celebration of SOBR Day in advance, and festive events are planned with special care. At the beginning of SOBR Day, all detachments have a mandatory ceremonial part, after which, as a rule, there is a festive concert.

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Many have seen strong Russian guys, camouflaged right down to their eyebrows, brave fighters with a huge SOBR badge on their backs. "What's this?" - random passers-by asked each other at the very beginning. The appearance of these Russian rangers was so unusual and gloomy that the consciousness, accustomed to the Soviet baggy military uniform, refused to accept new information transmitted by the organ of vision.

Slender and fit, fit, fit men in dapper uniforms and masks evoked mixed feelings among the population. From curiosity to fear. People whispered: “SOBR - who is this?”

Crash

The end of the last century. The dream of the Western world has come true. The death sentence for the USSR was carried out. The Russian colossus, which terrified the advanced overseas continent, collapsed, shaking the nearby lands, disturbing the minds of its new neighbors, yesterday’s residents of a single apartment and multinational building - the USSR.

Who is guilty? There will be no descriptive events of those times. There are many theories. They all have the right to exist. Let's leave this work to the true professionals - historians. It is up to them to find answers to specific questions from their descendants. The purpose of the article is different. It was at that time that a special unit was born - SOBR. Decoding the abbreviation - Special Rapid Response Unit.

To answer the next question “for what?”, you need to go back in time, to the already distant 1992, February 10, the birthday of this special squad. Initially, the formation had a different name - OTO as part of the GUOP of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. Six months later, the newborn acquired a new name, by which he is still recognized today. This is SOBR.

Lawlessness as the norm of life

It’s a great shame, but in very recent Russia there was a period when open lawlessness was the norm. The nineties of the last century left their indelible mark, smelling of gunpowder, blood, suffering, and devastation.

Official lawlessness and everyday lawlessness went hand in hand. Now we will not judge and understand the details; this will require a separate story. It happened, that's a fact. The crime rate was off the charts. There was a lot of bloodshed. We are not even talking about domestic offenses and random skirmishes. Serious, thoughtful guys appeared, with connections in all echelons of power, armed to the teeth, insidious and arrogant.

They were engaged in matters more serious than taking a hat from a passerby or robbing a shopping stall in order to immediately get drunk. We are talking about real gangster formations. Not somewhere in distant cinematic Asia of the twenties, but in the center of the capital, major cities, openly, in plain sight. What can I say? Everywhere. In every village. The situation got out of control. The authorities needed to do something about this. That's when SOBR was born. Decoding the abbreviation of this unit initially became a real puzzle for ordinary residents.

Liquidation of gangs

In those years it blossomed wildly. So much so that ordinary operatives were physically unable to fight her. Fortunately, law enforcement agencies found a worthy response to the presumptuous crime. This is SOBR.

Already the first operations to remove a malignant tumor from the weakened body of Russian society made the flagships of criminal groups shudder. And those used for this are far from medical instruments, without painkillers (where would it come from in a country flying into the abyss?), using the “tear” method rather than “carefully cut and mend”, caused shock and awe. That's someone who definitely didn't like the word SOBR. No spelling required. There was no time for that.

By the spring of 1993, similar special forces had been created in all regions of the country. The battle continued. Cemeteries expanded due to the VIP burials of yesterday’s authorities and new “masters” of life, prisoners were crowded into overcrowded cells in pre-trial detention centers, and correctional colonies welcomed new guests every day.

One way or another, those who managed to sit “on the bunks” or managed to slip abroad saved their lives. Most of the large gangster groups have learned from themselves that SOBR are the guys you shouldn’t joke with. They are not inclined towards a humorous manner of communication.

It is clear that only a fairy tale tells itself quickly. It took time to remove the inclusions of wormholes throughout the state. But the task assigned to SOBR was completed. The all-powerful “brothers” retreated into the shadows, and then simply disappeared. This does not mean at all that the guys from SOBR have lost their jobs. They are still at the very epicenter of the fight against organized crime.

SOBR. Decoding this word in an unusual way

There is a common decoding of this abbreviation, already well known to everyone and widely used. It can be said more simply, SOBR is special forces.

Since there is something ordinary, why not something unusual? After all, behind each of the four letters there is a deep meaning, meaningfulness, and not a random choice.

"S" - special

Emphasis on the letter “C” when deciphering SOBR.

These special units were formed mainly from existing special forces groups - riot police, which did not cease to exist. There was only a division of the “client base”.

The wards of the riot police remained hooligans, organizers and participants of unauthorized mass gatherings with the goal of causing mass unrest, football fans organizing pogroms and other overly “active” citizens. In those days, there were plenty of freethinkers, pseudo-leaders, outright adventurers, provocateurs who were ready to gather large crowds of people in the squares and organize a rally with the obligatory pogrom.

People, tired of the Soviet routine, happily made noise, smashed, and shouted slogans. Naturally, they went crazy, not yet really understanding what was allowed and what was prohibited. The riot police admonished and admonished. Sometimes with a word, sometimes with a baton, everything happened.

The Bratsk OMON SOBR performed narrower, special tasks. His regular clients were stable gangs, other organized criminal groups, terrorists, and strange and dangerous people. Special tasks, special methods, special means. Clients are also special, notorious, sophisticated and unprincipled, capable of openly resisting with multi-barreled “artillery”.

The selection and enrollment in SOBR was careful and special. The highest levels of psychological and physical fitness were taken into account. The “good” rating was not recognized. The passing grade is “excellent”. A prerequisite is experience in combat operations and participation in serious operations. The fighter must be proven, have distinguished himself in hot events, have excellent knowledge of weapons and masterly use them.

"O" - squad

SOBR is a detachment. We focus on the letter “O” when deciphering SOBR.

Candidates for this special unit were not specially trained anywhere. Their teachers were military actions, hot events, and military operations. What textbooks and manuals are there? One hundred percent combat experience. Kizlyar and Budennovsk, Afghanistan and Chechnya, Dagestan and Tajikistan - these are their classrooms and lecture halls.

SOBR is a detachment of fighters, without which not a single major operation, not a single detention of terrorists, arms dealers, or the liquidation of gangs can be completed.

The units received their own names. “Granit” and “Bars”, “Bulat” and “Viking”, “Vector” and “Terek” - all these are special forces groups (SOBR). Each regional unit has its own military history, traditions, heroes, and distinctive symbols.

Special forces units (SOBR) are elite units in the system of all law enforcement agencies. Most SOBR officers deservedly wear maroon berets as a symbol of high distinction.

"B" - fast

Officers of elite SOBR units are constantly in a state of full combat readiness. At any moment they are ready to be where their participation is needed. Let's make another emphasis. On the letter “B” when decoding SOBR.

A special task can be formed in any region, territorial distance does not matter. Modern special transport equipment will deliver fighters to positions as quickly as possible. And in cases where a quiet, silent approach is required, when the presence of equipment will attract unwanted attention from the enemy, elite fighters are able to independently overcome significant distances and immediately engage in battle or complete another assigned task.

"R" - response

The last character in this abbreviation remains. We focus on the letter “P” when deciphering SOBR. The reaction methods of the fighters of these elite units are different. It all depends on the task at hand. Every SOBR officer is a universal soldier.

He is able to work effectively in an assault group, in a capture or cover group. This is a climber, a paratrooper, a swimmer and a sniper, a demolition bomber and a sapper. Whoever he has to be. He is capable of being an excellent actor and a pleasant conversationalist when the situation demands it. The role of a thug and a bouncer? No problem. Manage vehicle? Please. Anyone, mind you. The methods and methods of SOBR response have been worked out over the years, through trial and error, in real combat conditions.

Among the squad's fighters there are their own craftsmen who are capable of improving weapons and equipment and making them as effective as possible. Each squad has its own signature “chips”, which are not usually discussed outside the walls of the base.

In most cases, guys act harshly, without curtsies or bows. Those who dealt with SOBR (according to different sides barricades) are witnesses to this.

That's the entire transcript of SOBR.

Eternal memory to those who died prematurely

Many fighters were awarded the highest government awards and were awarded the title of Hero of Russia. Among them are those who received awards posthumously. It should be noted that SOBR units do not allow mass losses; their qualifications do not allow them. But individual cases, unfortunately, do occur. Eternal memory to these heroes who fell while performing a combat mission.

Material from Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia

SOBR (WITH special ABOUT row B quickly R response) - federal and regional special units of the FSVNG of the Russian Federation, which were regularly included (until 2003) in the departments for combating organized crime of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (units of over 200 people were called squads since the late 1990s). In 2002, SOBR units were transformed into OMSN (Special Purpose Police Unit). On November 30, 2011, by order of the Minister of Internal Affairs Rashid Nurgaliev, the special police units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs again became officially known as special rapid reaction units.

The main task of the SOBR is the fight against organized crime. However, due to changes in the internal political situation, SOBRs were successfully used, including in military anti-terrorist operations carried out in the North Caucasus region. Since 2004, November 9 is celebrated as SOBR Day.

Story

The first special unit in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (police) was OMSN GUVD in Moscow. OMSN was formed on November 9, 1978. At that time, preparations for the Olympics were underway in Moscow, and the failure of the German police operation to free Israeli hostages during the Munich Olympics showed how destructive the actions of amateurs can be where professionals should act. To prevent emergency situations A special forces unit was created - the first police special forces. True, the unit was originally called a special police detachment (OMON) under the Moscow City Executive Committee. The detachment was created to work at the 1980 Olympics and protect the Olympic flame. After the Olympics, it became clear that the unit would not be left without work. The first task of the special forces then was the release of a girl captured by a criminal. The hostage was successfully released, and the detachment was reassigned to the criminal investigation department and made a regular unit of the Moscow Main Internal Affairs Directorate. There were not enough special forces to carry out all operational tasks - there were only a few dozen of them. Then the PPS regiment was entrusted with the fight against riots and was renamed OMON.  There was a period of time when there were two riot police in Moscow at the same time. The police themselves called the detachments Big and Small. To avoid confusion and misunderstandings, that same Little OMON was later renamed into a special purpose police detachment (OMSN). In 2011, OMSN was renamed OSN, and subsequently SOBR. The OMSN of the Central Internal Affairs Directorate for Moscow served as a model for the beginning of the creation of other special units in the Russian militia (police) in the future. On February 10, 1992 it was created tactical operations department as part of the Main Directorate for Organized Crime (GUOP) of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs. In the fall of 1992, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, the tactical operations department was renamed(SOBR). In September 2002, by order of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, SOBR were renamed into special purpose police units (OMSN). In 2003, some of the MSN units received proper names: “Bars”, “Bulat”, “Lynx”, “Terek”. As of 2009, the total number of SOBR was 5,200 people in 87 detachments. In 2011, in connection with the reform of the internal affairs bodies, and the renaming of “militia” to “police”, MSN units were renamed OSN (special forces units). In 2012, the name SOBR (special rapid reaction units) was returned to all SN detachments. The quantitative composition of SOBRs is determined by the tasks and region of deployment. The selection was carried out in a multi-stage and quite strict manner, with many selection criteria, which determines the qualitative composition of this unit (as a rule, these are young people who served in the ranks Armed Forces USSR or Russia and having higher education. Priority for professional athletes or officers of the RF Armed Forces). At the first stage, testing was carried out on the physical, moral and volitional qualities of a candidate for a position in the detachment. Only candidates who passed the test to the end, somewhat reminiscent of passing the Krapovy beret at the OSN VV of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, were allowed to proceed to further personnel registration, which included the next stage of selection criteria and further filtering of candidates. First of all, this means passing a medical commission for group “A” (first group) and psychological testing. Next, a complete and thorough check of the candidate’s biography was carried out for the complete absence of relatives with a criminal past and compromising materials on the special information databases of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the FSB on the candidate himself. The authenticity of all documents was also checked, characterizing data from previous places of study, work, service, information on the place of residence on the candidate’s everyday life and lifestyle were requested. Only a candidate who has passed all the above stages of selection, is fit in health and has no discreditable data in his past or present, was enrolled in an internship on the SOBR staff. And only after completing the internship, it was accepted final decision on further service within the unit.

Tasks and functions

The training of employees in SOBR, unlike other special units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, is of a clearly individual nature. There are a lot of specialists in various areas of application, but interchangeability is at the forefront. The emphasis of the training is on working against an armed criminal in the city ( with a working distance of up to 100 m) and in transport, however SOBRs were successfully used in almost any conditions ( forest, mountains, steppes). Much attention is paid to physical and psychological preparation.

In the TFR, SOBRs have found successful use not only in cooperation with regular Russian security forces, but also in certain areas, and have shown excellent results in the Chechen campaigns in the first echelons.

Differences between SOBR and OMON

OMON differs from SOBR of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in its organizational and staffing structure and the nature of the tasks performed. Unlike OMON, almost all SOBR employees have officer ranks no lower than “junior police lieutenant.” Before the reform of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in 2011, when the police were divided into MOB (militia public safety) and KM (criminal police), OMON was a subdivision of the MOB and reported to the head of the MOB, while SOBR was a subdivision of the KM and reported directly to the head of the Main Internal Affairs Directorate. OMON is built according to the army principle, as a military unit, which includes: operational companies consisting of platoons and sections, a personnel and educational department with a full-time psychologist, a medical service, a headquarters, a canine service, an engineering department, a motorized unit, and an accounting department. , logistics department. SOBR, unlike OMON, does not solve the following problems: ensuring the protection of public order, including in places with a difficult criminal situation, during mass events, when suppressing group hooliganism and riots. Unlike the SOBR, riot police officers participated in all high-profile events in the history of the country, from major riots to an armed change of power. Professionally, riot police are the most mobile and prepared to act in emergency situations and in areas natural disaster. When conducting targeted special operations SOBR units are used to eliminate criminals. When storming a home, the assault itself is carried out by the SOBR, and the riot police are in a cordon. In order to disarm a large armed gang in a mountainous and wooded area in the TFR, riot police and army units are used to comb the area or cordon off a blocked gang, since they are larger in number of personnel. SOBR officers are sent on business trips to the territory of the ICR in squads of 10-12 people, while riot police are sent in platoons of at least 30-35 employees.

Reassignment of FSVNG RF

On April 5, 2016, by decree No. 157 of the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin, special rapid reaction units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation were reassigned and became part of the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation. Organizational and staffing measures (OSM) and personnel purges will be carried out in the SOBR detachments, Special attention will be given higher public education SOBR officers, diplomas, faculties (specialties) and educational institutions. The goal of the OSH is to improve the organizational structure, as a result of which the official status of employees changes. The result of the OSH will be a change in staff - the number and number of positions, titles, specialties, salaries. When reorganizing into the National Guard, complete information about the employee, his autobiography, birth certificate, school report card, certificate, military ID and military service will be rechecked, employment history, marriage certificate, birth certificates of children, diplomas, organization of life and everyday life, criminal records of family members. By 2018, employees will be hired for military service to the troops national guard with assignment military ranks. When appointing to a position in the National Guard troops, preference will be given to employees who have graduated from military institutes internal troops Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, military schools, institutes, academies under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, as well as law faculties will have priority state universities in the specialty "Jurisprudence" qualification - "Lawyer". Officers of the National Guard of the Russian Federation in mandatory must have higher education. Formation Federal service troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation is planned to be carried out in 3 stages. SOBR employees, for any personal circumstances, qualities or reasons that have not undergone reorganization into the ranks of the National Guard troops, will be offered other vacant positions in the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.

Formation of the structure of the FSVNG RF

The Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation continues systematic work to form a structure, including staffing the territorial bodies of the National Guard Troops. By decision of the Director of the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation - Commander-in-Chief of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation, General of the Army Viktor Zolotov, the personnel department has developed a transparent system of requirements that apply to officers applying for leadership positions in the territorial bodies of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation. In particular, performance indicators, education, experience in combat operations, state awards, scientific and teaching activities, and enrollment in the personnel reserve for promotion to senior military positions are taken into account. When selecting and appointing leadership positions in the troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation, special attention is paid to moral, business qualities and strict compliance with anti-corruption laws. Territorial bodies are part of the districts of the troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation and are intended to guide and support the service and combat activities of OMON, SOBR, private security and licensing and permitting work, included in the Russian Guard, in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Analogues

In culture

• Cop Wars (TV series)
• Traffic cops (2007) (TV series)
• SOBR (TV series) (2011)
• Ahead of the Shot (TV series) (2011)

see also

• Hunting team - units in the Russian army to carry out certain especially dangerous assignments (1886-1917).

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Notes

Excerpt characterizing SOBR

Having passed the corridor, the paramedic led Rostov into the officers' quarters, which consisted of three rooms with open doors. These rooms had beds; wounded and sick officers lay and sat on them. Some walked around the rooms in hospital gowns. The first person Rostov met in the officers' quarters was a small, thin man without an arm, in a cap and hospital gown with a bitten tube, walking in the first room. Rostov, peering at him, tried to remember where he saw him.
“This is where God brought us to meet,” said the little man. - Tushin, Tushin, remember he took you near Shengraben? And they cut off a piece for me, so...,” he said, smiling, pointing to the empty sleeve of his robe. – Are you looking for Vasily Dmitrievich Denisov? - roommate! - he said, having found out who Rostov needed. - Here, here, and Tushin led him into another room, from which the laughter of several voices was heard.
“And how can they not only laugh, but live here?” thought Rostov, still hearing this smell of a dead body, which he had picked up in the soldier’s hospital, and still seeing around him these envious glances that followed him from both sides, and the face of this young soldier with his eyes rolled up.
Denisov, covering his head with a blanket, slept in bed, despite the fact that it was 12 o'clock in the afternoon.
“Ah, G”ostov? “It’s great, it’s great,” he shouted in the same voice as he used to do in the regiment; but Rostov noticed with sadness how, behind this usual swagger and liveliness, some new bad, hidden feeling was peeking through. in facial expression, intonation and words of Denisov.
His wound, despite its insignificance, still had not healed, although six weeks had already passed since he was wounded. His face had the same pale swelling that was on all hospital faces. But this was not what struck Rostov; he was struck by the fact that Denisov seemed not to be happy with him and smiled at him unnaturally. Denisov did not ask about the regiment or the general course of the matter. When Rostov talked about this, Denisov did not listen.
Rostov even noticed that Denisov was unpleasant when he was reminded of the regiment and, in general, of that other, free life that was going on outside the hospital. He seemed to be trying to forget that former life and was only interested in his business with the supply officials. When Rostov asked what the situation was, he immediately took out from under his pillow the paper he had received from the commission and his rough answer to it. He perked up, starting to read his paper and especially let Rostov notice the barbs that he said to his enemies in this paper. Denisov’s hospital comrades, who had surrounded Rostov—a person newly arrived from the free world—began to disperse little by little as soon as Denisov began to read his paper. From their faces, Rostov realized that all these gentlemen had already heard this whole story, which had become boring to them, more than once. Only the neighbor on the bed, a fat lancer, sat on his bunk, frowning gloomily and smoking a pipe, and little Tushin, without an arm, continued to listen, shaking his head disapprovingly. In the middle of reading, the Ulan interrupted Denisov.
“But for me,” he said, turning to Rostov, “we just need to ask the sovereign for mercy.” Now, they say, the rewards will be great, and they will surely forgive...
- I have to ask the sovereign! - Denisov said in a voice to which he wanted to give the same energy and ardor, but which sounded useless irritability. - About what? If I were a robber, I would ask for mercy, otherwise I’ll be judged for taking clean water robbers. Let them judge, I’m not afraid of anyone: I honestly served the Tsar and the Fatherland and did not steal! And demote me, and... Listen, I write to them directly, so I write: “if I were an embezzler...
“It’s cleverly written, to be sure,” said Tushin. But that’s not the point, Vasily Dmitrich,” he also turned to Rostov, “you have to submit, but Vasily Dmitrich doesn’t want to.” After all, the auditor told you that your business is bad.
“Well, let it be bad,” Denisov said. “The auditor wrote you a request,” Tushin continued, “and you need to sign it and send it with them.” They have it right (he pointed to Rostov) and they have a hand in the headquarters. You won't find a better case.
“But I said that I wouldn’t be mean,” Denisov interrupted and again continued reading his paper.
Rostov did not dare to persuade Denisov, although he instinctively felt that the path proposed by Tushin and other officers was the most correct, and although he would consider himself happy if he could help Denisov: he knew the inflexibility of Denisov’s will and his true ardor.
When the reading of Denisov’s poisonous papers, which lasted more than an hour, ended, Rostov said nothing, and in the saddest mood, in the company of Denisov’s hospital comrades again gathered around him, he spent the rest of the day talking about what he knew and listening to the stories of others . Denisov remained gloomily silent throughout the entire evening.
Late in the evening Rostov was getting ready to leave and asked Denisov if there would be any instructions?
“Yes, wait,” Denisov said, looked back at the officers and, taking out his papers from under the pillow, went to the window where he had an inkwell, and sat down to write.
“It looks like you didn’t hit the butt with a whip,” he said, moving away from the window and handing Rostov a large envelope. “It was a request addressed to the sovereign, drawn up by an auditor, in which Denisov, without mentioning anything about the wines of the provision department, asked only for pardon.
“Tell me, apparently...” He didn’t finish and smiled a painfully false smile.

Having returned to the regiment and conveyed to the commander what the situation was with Denisov’s case, Rostov went to Tilsit with a letter to the sovereign.
On June 13, the French and Russian emperors gathered in Tilsit. Boris Drubetskoy asked the important person with whom he was a member to be included in the retinue appointed to be in Tilsit.
“Je voudrais voir le grand homme, [I would like to see a great man," he said, speaking about Napoleon, whom he, like everyone else, had always called Buonaparte.
– Vous parlez de Buonaparte? [Are you talking about Buonaparte?] - the general told him, smiling.
Boris looked questioningly at his general and immediately realized that this was a joke test.
“Mon prince, je parle de l"empereur Napoleon, [Prince, I’m talking about Emperor Napoleon,] he answered. The general patted him on the shoulder with a smile.
“You will go far,” he told him and took him with him.
Boris was one of the few on the Neman on the day of the emperors' meeting; he saw rafts with monograms, Napoleon's passage along the other bank past the French guard, he saw the thoughtful face of Emperor Alexander, while he sat silently in a tavern on the bank of the Neman, waiting for Napoleon's arrival; I saw how both emperors got into the boats and how Napoleon, having first landed on the raft, walked forward with quick steps and, meeting Alexander, gave him his hand, and how both disappeared into the pavilion. Since his entry into higher worlds, Boris made a habit of carefully observing what was happening around him and recording it. During a meeting in Tilsit, he asked about the names of those people who came with Napoleon, about the uniforms that they were wearing, and listened carefully to the words that were said by important persons. At the very time the emperors entered the pavilion, he looked at his watch and did not forget to look again at the time when Alexander left the pavilion. The meeting lasted an hour and fifty-three minutes: he wrote it down that evening among other facts that he believed had historical meaning. Since the emperor’s retinue was very small, for a person who valued success in his service, being in Tilsit during the meeting of the emperors was a very important matter, and Boris, once in Tilsit, felt that from that time his position was completely established. They not only knew him, but they took a closer look at him and got used to him. Twice he carried out orders for the sovereign himself, so that the sovereign knew him by sight, and all those close to him not only did not shy away from him, as before, considering him a new person, but would have been surprised if he had not been there.
Boris lived with another adjutant, the Polish Count Zhilinsky. Zhilinsky, a Pole raised in Paris, was rich, passionately loved the French, and almost every day during his stay in Tilsit, French officers from the guard and the main French headquarters gathered for lunch and breakfast with Zhilinsky and Boris.
On the evening of June 24, Count Zhilinsky, Boris's roommate, arranged a dinner for his French acquaintances. Was at this dinner special guest, one adjutant of Napoleon, several officers of the French Guard and a young boy of an old aristocratic French family, Napoleon's page. On this very day, Rostov, taking advantage of the darkness so as not to be recognized, in civilian dress, arrived in Tilsit and entered the apartment of Zhilinsky and Boris.
In Rostov, as well as in the entire army from which he came, the revolution that took place in main apartment and in Boris. Everyone in the army still continued to experience the same mixed feelings of anger, contempt and fear towards Bonaparte and the French. Until recently, Rostov, talking with Platovsky Cossack officer, argued that if Napoleon had been captured, he would have been treated not as a sovereign, but as a criminal. Just recently, on the road, having met a wounded French colonel, Rostov became heated, proving to him that there could be no peace between the legitimate sovereign and the criminal Bonaparte. Therefore, Rostov was strangely struck in Boris’s apartment by the sight of French officers in the very uniforms that he was accustomed to look at completely differently from the flanker chain. As soon as he saw the French officer leaning out of the door, that feeling of war, of hostility, which he always experienced at the sight of the enemy, suddenly seized him. He stopped on the threshold and asked in Russian if Drubetskoy lived here. Boris, hearing someone else's voice in the hallway, came out to meet him. His face at the first minute, when he recognized Rostov, expressed annoyance.
“Oh, it’s you, I’m very glad, very glad to see you,” he said, however, smiling and moving towards him. But Rostov noticed his first movement.
“I don’t think I’m on time,” he said, “I wouldn’t have come, but I have something to do,” he said coldly...
- No, I’m just surprised how you came from the regiment. “Dans un moment je suis a vous,” [I am at your service this very minute," he turned to the voice of the one calling him.
“I see that I’m not on time,” Rostov repeated.
The expression of annoyance had already disappeared from Boris's face; apparently having thought it over and decided what to do, he with particular calm took him by both hands and led him to next room. Boris's eyes, calmly and firmly looking at Rostov, seemed to be covered with something, as if some kind of screen - blue dormitory glasses - were put on them. So it seemed to Rostov.
“Oh come on, please, can you be out of time,” said Boris. - Boris led him into the room where dinner was served, introduced him to the guests, calling him and explaining that he was not a civilian, but a hussar officer, his old friend. “Count Zhilinsky, le comte N.N., le capitaine S.S., [Count N.N., captain S.S.],” he called the guests. Rostov frowned at the French, bowed reluctantly and was silent.
Zhilinsky, apparently, did not happily accept this new Russian face to his circle and didn’t say anything to Rostov. Boris did not seem to notice the embarrassment that had occurred from the new face and, with the same pleasant calm and cloudiness in the eyes with which he met Rostov, tried to enliven the conversation. One of the French turned with ordinary French courtesy to the stubbornly silent Rostov and told him that he had probably come to Tilsit in order to see the emperor.
“No, I have business,” Rostov answered briefly.
Rostov became out of sorts immediately after he noticed the displeasure on Boris’s face, and, as always happens with people who are out of sorts, it seemed to him that everyone was looking at him with hostility and that he was disturbing everyone. And indeed he interfered with everyone and alone remained outside the newly started general conversation. “And why is he sitting here?” said the looks that the guests cast at him. He stood up and approached Boris.
“However, I’m embarrassing you,” he told him quietly, “let’s go, talk about business, and I’ll leave.”
“No, not at all,” said Boris. And if you are tired, let’s go to my room and lie down and rest.
- Indeed...
They entered the small room where Boris was sleeping. Rostov, without sitting down, immediately with irritation - as if Boris was guilty of something in front of him - began to tell him Denisov’s case, asking if he wanted and could ask about Denisov through his general from the sovereign and through him deliver a letter. When they were left alone, Rostov became convinced for the first time that he was embarrassed to look Boris in the eyes. Boris crossed his legs and stroked his thin fingers with his left hand right hand, listened to Rostov, as a general listens to the report of a subordinate, now looking to the side, now with the same clouded gaze, looking directly into Rostov’s eyes. Each time Rostov felt awkward and lowered his eyes.
“I have heard about this kind of thing and I know that the Emperor is very strict in these cases. I think we should not bring it to His Majesty. In my opinion, it would be better to directly ask the corps commander... But in general I think...
- So you don’t want to do anything, just say so! - Rostov almost shouted, without looking into Boris’s eyes.
Boris smiled: “On the contrary, I will do what I can, but I thought...
At this time, Zhilinsky’s voice was heard at the door, calling Boris.
“Well, go, go, go...” said Rostov, refusing dinner, and being left alone in a small room, he walked back and forth in it for a long time, and listened to the cheerful French conversation from the next room.

Rostov arrived in Tilsit on a day least convenient for interceding for Denisov. He himself could not go to the general on duty, since he was in a tailcoat and arrived in Tilsit without permission from his superiors, and Boris, even if he wanted, could not do this the next day after Rostov’s arrival. On this day, June 27, the first peace terms were signed. The emperors exchanged orders: Alexander received the Legion of Honor, and Napoleon Andrei 1st degree, and on this day a lunch was assigned to the Preobrazhensky battalion, which was given to him by the battalion of the French Guard. The sovereigns were supposed to attend this banquet.

SOBR (Special Rapid Response Squad) are federal and regional special units of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, which were regularly (until 2003) part of the departments for combating organized crime of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs (units of over 200 people were called squads from the late 1990s). In 2002, SOBR detachments were transformed into OMSN (Special Purpose Police Detachment). On November 30, 2011, by order of the Minister of Internal Affairs Rashid Nurgaliev, special police units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs again became officially known as special rapid reaction units.
The main task of the SOBR is to fight organized crime. However, due to changes in the internal political situation, SOBRs were successfully used, including in military operations carried out in the North Caucasus region.

Story
The first special unit in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (police) was the OMSN of the Moscow Main Internal Affairs Directorate. OMSN was formed on November 9, 1978. At that time, preparations for the Olympics were underway in Moscow, and the failure of the German police operation to free Israeli hostages during the Munich Olympics showed how destructive the actions of amateurs can be where professionals should act.

On February 10, 1992, a tactical operations department was created as part of the Main Directorate for Organized Crime (GUOP) of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs. In the fall of 1992, by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, the tactical operations department was renamed into a special rapid reaction squad (SOBR).
In September 2002, by order of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, SOBR were renamed into special purpose police units (OMSN).

Tasks and functions
The training of employees in SOBR, unlike other special units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, is of a clearly individual nature. There are a lot of specialists in various areas of application, but interchangeability is at the forefront. The emphasis of the training is on working against an armed criminal in the city (with a working distance of up to 100 m) and in transport, however SOBRs were successfully used in almost any conditions (forest, mountains, steppes). Much attention is paid to physical and psychological preparation.
In the TFR, SOBRs have found successful use not only in cooperation with regular Russian security forces, but also in certain areas, and have shown excellent results in the Chechen campaigns in the first echelons.
SOBR constantly trains by making mock seizures of houses (using climbing equipment), cars and even airplanes. Their training is not inferior to that of the Alpha special forces.

Differences from riot police
SOBR differs from OMON in its organizational and staffing structure and the nature of the tasks performed. Unlike OMON, all SOBR employees have special ranks of police officers. Before the reform of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in 2011, when the police were divided into MOB (public security police) and KM (criminal police), OMON was a unit of the MOB and reported to the head of the MOB, while SOBR was a unit of the KM and reported directly to the head of the GUVD or his deputy.

SOBR, unlike OMON, does not solve the following problems:
- ensuring the protection of public order, including:
- in places with a difficult criminal situation,
- during public events,
- in case of emergency situations,
- suppression of group hooliganism and mass riots.

Documentary film "Our name is SPECIAL FORCES" (watch online)

Hundreds of military special units guard the peace of Russians around the clock: GRU, FSB, army special forces. Their goals and objectives are generally clear. But with the police special forces, not everything is clear. Everyone has heard at least once such abbreviations as SOBR and OMON, but not everyone knows why these organizations were created and how they differ.

Definition

SOBR- This Special Department Fast Response; both regional and federal special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, originally created as structural subdivision UBOP of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (departments for combating organized crime).

Riot police— an acronym for “Mobile Special Purpose Detachment” (before the reform of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in Russia it was called the “Special Purpose Police Detachment”); special police units used to ensure public order and security in urban environments, as well as in hot spots of the Russian Federation.

Comparison

First of all, in terms of organizational structure and tasks to be solved. The main task of the riot police is to protect public order during mass events, to suppress riots and group hooliganism, in the event of emergency situations, in places with a difficult criminal situation.

SOBR does not solve such problems. This has a lot to do with the history of both divisions. Before the well-known reform of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the police were divided into public security police (PSM), special and criminal police (CM).

Explanation for non-specialists: the basis of the criminal police is the legendary criminal investigation department with its detectives. The most famous units of the MOB are local inspectors and police officers.

So, the OMON was subordinate to the head of the MOB, and the SOBR was part of the CM and was subordinate to the head of the Central Internal Affairs Directorate or his deputy. Hence the nature of the tasks solved by SOBR and OMON.

Unlike the OMON, the SOBR serves exclusively officers, and the main emphasis in selecting candidates for the SOBR is on men with higher education.

The training also differs: SOBR individually trains specialists in any of the areas, but each fighter is able to replace a comrade if necessary. In SOBR, more attention than in OMON is paid to “working” against an armed criminal in an urban environment. Riot police are more careful about carrying out tasks in crowded places.

In general, we can say that the tasks of the SOBR are more narrow; it is called upon to deliver “targeted” strikes against crime.

Conclusions website

1. SOBR are special units of federal and regional subordination that are part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.
2. OMON are special units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, whose main task is to maintain public order and security.
3. SOBR from the moment of its creation until the reform of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation was part of the criminal police.
4. Before the reform of the Russian Federation, OMON was a unit of the public security police.
5. The tasks of the SOBR are narrower than those of the riot police and are often not associated with mass gatherings of people (at sports, entertainment events, rallies, etc.).
6. In SOBR, unlike OMON, only officers serve.