Density of river sand kg m3. Density of quarry sand. Porous sand from slag melts

The average sand density is an important indicator on which the performance properties of the substance and the future parameters of the concrete building mix, strength and stability of buildings, as well as the possible consumption of raw materials. It shows how much sand is contained in one unit of volume, which is taken as cubic meter(1 m3).

The amount of a substance that fits in 1 m3 strongly depends on the type of sand - for example, fine building sand is more dense than medium-sized sand, since in the first case the gaps between the individual particles of the building material are much smaller, and a large mass fits into one cubic meter.

This parameter is closely related to such material indicators as voidness and moisture, the degree of compaction and porosity. Features and correctness of the measurement of parameters can also contribute to final result a certain error. Between these factors there is the following relationship: the greater the void between the particles and the moisture content of the substance, the smaller the bulk characteristic and the less pure sand fits in a cubic meter. This rule is identical for humidity, but with the opposite sign - due to the adhesion of fractions, building wet material compacted.

Also, the density depends on the structure of the grains, with a decrease in the size of which this characteristic grows, and also on the content of clay and other impurities. For the reasons stated above, the density river sand as a rule, higher (average ratio 1.5) than purified (the building ratio has a ratio of 1.4).

What varieties are found?

Density in kg / m3 is an ambiguous characteristic that has two main varieties that differ in definition, some features and methods of measurement:

True. It is the ratio of body weight (in this case dry sand) to its volume and is measured in kg/m3. This does not take into account free voids between individual particles, that is, we are talking about the density of the material in a compressed state. True density (like any other substance) is a constant value.
Bulk density. An indicator that takes into account not only the volume of the substance itself, as in the previous case, but also all the existing gaps between the particles. Bulk is always less than the true and average density, measured in kg/m3.

There is also an average value, which has already been mentioned above.

Options various kinds material

As mentioned earlier, the density varies greatly depending on the properties of the raw material. Help trace given fact called the following table:

Thus, one cubic meter of dry sand will have a mass of 1200 to 1700 kilograms, and a cube of wet sand will have a mass of 1920.

The table does not reflect all types - a more extended list with the coefficients necessary to calculate the density of raw materials can be found in reference sources.

In order to measure the density, the following methods are used on site:

Apply conversion factors that differ for each type of material. This method not entirely accurate, since the measurement error can reach 5%. With large quantities of raw materials, the losses amount to more than one cubic meter!
Weighing bulk raw materials (for example, river) together with a vessel completely filled with it, after which the calculation is made by dividing the mass of sand by the volume of the vessel.

The determination of bulk density plays an important role in construction, since the number of cubes of raw materials required for the work largely depends on its value. This is especially important in cases where every cubic meter counts.

When calculating the volume, several important indicators are taken into account, one of them is the density of the sand. The operational properties of the prepared mixture for a particular building object and its main parameters are influenced by the bulk density of sand (average). In the price list of IdealTrade, prices are indicated in rubles per m3, therefore, knowing the average density of sand (kg / m3), one can estimate the costs of construction in general.

Factors affecting the formation of density

One of the physical characteristics of sand, its degree of density, determines what volume will occupy the same amount by weight. Sand density, kg/m3, depends on the following criteria:

, i.e. - grain sizes: fine-grained sand fractions are denser, larger ones have a smaller size.
and porosity of the material: this criterion shows the volume of voids in the bulk material. The reduction in friability is due to several factors, such as: dynamic effects and vibrations, moisture saturation, pressing, etc.

Sand density, kg/m3 is shown in the table:

Moisture indicators - the bulk density of sand (kg per m3) is formed based on the conditions of humidity: with its growth to 10%, the volume increases in proportion to the decrease in density; with moisture saturation up to 20%, air is displaced by water and the weight of one cubic meter increases. The density of river sand, kg m3, judging by the data in the table, is higher than similar materials.
Impurity content: the presence of particles of dust, clay, mica, crushed stone, gypsum, stone chips, etc. necessarily affect the characteristics and properties of the bulk material. Alluvial (cleaned with water) sand becomes much cleaner and a little more expensive.

Our advantages

In the company "IdealTrade" - a pro in the market of non-metallic materials - all resources comply with GOST standards, as we constantly monitor product quality.

Any without sand modern building will be inadequate. It is used to knead the mortar, to create bars from baked clay, building mixture, to create a thick lime mortar, as well as glass. This material is extracted in several ways: by washing and sieving. It is characterized by its physical and chemical parameters. For example, few people know that the bulk density of the considered building material even its uncompacted mass in kg is found during the period of transportation in bags. It can be different, (the material was transported in bulk in the back of a dump truck or in bags).

Distinctive features of dry construction sand

The sand mixture can be conditionally divided into several types:

the one that was mined in;

the one that got from the river bottom.

A distinctive indicator of excellent quality is the degree of density of building sand kg m3. An important role for density is played by the ability of the material to accumulate moisture and its porosity. The density of the sand will differ from the density, and building.

If a person is interested in a one-time home construction of a house, it may not be calculated separately, it is necessary to pay attention to the average, which is taken as the norm. At the same time, in professional construction, the strength of the constructed structure depends on this number.

Density determines the total amount of sand. The density of building sand is 1.3-1.8 t/m3. This indicator varies so much due to the addition of clay impurities (the more of them, the higher the number).

The value obtained will help to find out the quality of the granular composition, for example:

the material that was extracted from the river bottom will stand out with moderate density indicators of 1.3 t / m3; at the heart of it mineral composition geographic location. In any case, this material is considered to be of very high quality; as a rule, it does not contain any impurities;
for material that was mined in quarries, this figure reaches 1.4 t/m3; in him there are some clay impurities;
This is the reason why the material is rarely used for the preparation of high quality mortar; but it is used to make the solution more affordable.

How to calculate the amount of sand in kg using GOST 8736 sand density

This method is quite simple, but thanks to it you can only get preliminary calculations, so always check the results in a mathematical way.

Also no less popular is the radiometric method. It is based on the use of radioactive radiation.

According to how the material can absorb and scatter radiation, this parameter is evaluated.

Medium extra sand performance that is extracted from quarries:

first class radioactivity;
density in unconsolidated state – 1.4 t/m3;
mass of particles per unit volume – 2.6 g/cm3;
crushed rock content - 1.9%;

Medium Additional features , which is mined from the river bottom:

the ability of atoms of some isotopes to spontaneously decay, emitting radiation A (47 BK/kg);
density in unconsolidated state – 1.4±0.1 t/m3;
quantity chemical elements , passed into the composition of the alloy in the process of its production as a technological additive - 0.1%.

The number of voids should be determined by the density of the material in the uncompacted state. On your own, this value can be measured in this way: a little sample material is poured into a measuring liter container and weighed.

If the material has accumulated moisture very strongly, then the sample can be placed in a ten-liter container, then the values \u200b\u200bare converted to the required value.

If clay impurities are present, this negatively affects the quality of the material.

From the sand that contains high percent clay is forbidden to be made, a high-quality building mixture, various for construction.

All this is due to low frost resistance and strength.

How to determine the density - true and bulk

It must be understood that the true density of building sand is different from bulk sand. The first value consists of the indicators of the material in dry form, the density is based on the specific sand that is used during construction work.

These are extremely necessary indicators, for example, to dose building material before mixing concrete.

At the heart of the density, as already mentioned earlier, is the moisture content of the building material. So, if the sand has accumulated ten percent moisture, lumps appear in it, which cause voids.

Despite the visual increase in the material (its volumes seem large), the density becomes lower, that is, to knead, you need to take more material. With more humidity, the water will begin to displace air bubbles between the grains, as a result, the sand will become denser.

When the density of a material in an uncompacted state is calculated, it allows one to understand and represent its future volumes in cubic meters, which will depend on the mass.

By making accurate calculations, you can find out exactly how much material you need to order for a particular construction. And this indicator does not depend on how the cost of goods is determined: per cubic meter or per tonnage.

For more information about determining density, see the video:

Density of the material in an uncompacted state - meaning from the technological and commercial side

Mass in building practice is the ratio of mass to volume that a material occupies in a compacted or uncompacted state. This number is especially significant from the economic and technological side.

To make a concrete mix or mortar in order to create sand cushion, it is necessary to use a material with known indicators.

From an economic point of view, it is advisable to calculate several basic criteria - weight in a volume unit and density in certain conditions.

Determining the density of sand is important in terms of the ratio of its mass to the volume actually occupied. From an economic point of view, density affects the money that the customer is willing to spend - he must purchase a usable material of sufficient volume.

To do this, it is advisable to set the number of particles in a volumetric unit without seals and take into account moisture indicators, which significantly affect the weight.

Determination of the density of the material in an uncompacted state according to GOST should be carried out according to the standard procedure.

The required amount of material is taken, the specified ability to accumulate moisture is taken into account, sent to a measuring container and repeatedly weighed.

The value of measuring the density of river sand in an uncompacted state

Why is it so important to determine this indicator before the future construction of real estate? It is he who is able to display the real amount of materials in a single volume - a cubic meter. Thanks to him, you can use the material in terms of the ratio of resources spent and functionality.

The building material considered in the article is subject to the norms of a separate GOST 8735-88, and this shows:

material with such indicators has fully passed the compliance with building technologies;
material properties during work and after the construction of the house are quite predictable;
a method to determine the mass of a material per unit volume, tested and approved as a reference, allowing to obtain a long-awaited and truthful result;
only approved methods and technical recommendations were used during the material verification phase.

You must remember that when purchasing sand, its bulk density will be equal to 1600 kg / m 3, which fully meets construction standards. In addition, this material can be stored for a long time, it does not accumulate moisture, lumps and voids do not form in it over time.

Excessive indicators of the mass of sand per unit of its volume at high humidity- indicates a decrease in its characteristics, it can only be used in limited areas. An increase in humidity causes a decrease in the percentage of quality.

This indicator is critical for many non-ore elements. To clarify this indicator in a particular batch of material, the manufacturer uses correction values. Such numbers make it possible to determine the values from the technological and economic side.

During the acquisition of a large batch coefficient allows you to equalize deviations, which is caused by the scatter of indicators. For example, at the stage of purchasing ten tons of material, the amendment will determine the amount of material up to 2 tons per batch.

Conclusion

Often there are situations when the need for sand is limited, in addition, there is no need to purchase and arrange delivery of large masses to an object all the time.

by the most optimal solution will be the acquisition of one batch of the required size, which has passed several basic tests for the ability to accumulate moisture and bulk density.

remember, that the density of sand depends a lot on the ability of the material to accumulate moisture and its porosity. The indicators for each specific type of sand will be different, so it is important to take into account the specifics of the material, the method of its extraction, etc.

If you plan to build a house, then after creating the project, the issue of acquiring materials comes to the fore. To calculate how much sand to buy to mix the required volume masonry mortar or concrete mix, it is necessary to know the density of the bulk component. This indicator significantly affects the strength parameters of structures and buildings. The conversion of mass into volume (and vice versa) is also carried out because the price of the material is indicated in different ways: per weight or volume unit.

What is density and what does it depend on

This is a physical characteristic of a substance, showing the mass of its unit volume and expressed in g / cm3, kg / m3, t / m3. Sand, like all bulk materials, has the following feature: depending on the conditions, the same amount of sand can occupy a different volume. For density building sand influenced by the following factors.

1. Grain size (fineness modulus). Sand is a mixture of particles ranging in size from 0.14 to 5 mm, formed naturally during the destruction of rocks. How smaller size grains and a more homogeneous composition, the denser sand. Coarse and medium-grained material is used for the manufacture of concrete, fine-grained - for cement mortars, fine fraction (pulverized) - for building fine mixtures.

2. Porosity and level of compaction. They characterize the number of voids in the bulk material. In a loose state, building sand has a porosity of about 47%, in a dense state - no more than 37%. Looseness is reduced due to saturation with moisture, vibration, dynamic effects. Porosity is estimated using a special coefficient e: for fine-grained sands of dense addition, it is about 0.75, coarse and medium-grained - 0.55. The compacted sand mass takes on fairly high loads and distributes the stress that occurs in the foundations well.

3. Humidity. Usually, reference books give density at a normal humidity level, regulated by GOST. When buying, it should be borne in mind that the weight of a cubic unit of raw material differs significantly from the theoretical indicator. With an increase in humidity from 3 to 10%, the grains of sand are enveloped in water - due to this, the volume increases, and the density, respectively, decreases. With further moisture saturation (up to 20%), water displaces air and fills the voids between the grains - while the weight of a cubic meter increases.

4. The presence of impurities. Sometimes contains particles of clay, dust, salt, mica, gypsum, humus, crushed stone, stone chips. They influence quality characteristics building material: if for pure sand it averages 1,300 kg / m3, then for clay - 1,800 kg / m3. Sand can be cleaned by washing with water, but this increases its cost.

Types of density

Building sand can be characterized using different indicators of its volumetric weight: theoretical and actual.

1. True (former name - specific gravity). This is the mass of a cubic meter in an absolutely compacted state, without taking into account the air gaps between the particles. The true indicator is determined in a complex laboratory way, its value corresponds to the weight of a cubic meter of solid non-metallic sandy rock - approximately 2500 kg / m3.

2. Medium (bulk). When determining it, it is taken into account that the calculated volume includes not only grains, but pores and voids that fill the gaps between them. The average is usually below the true value.

To independently determine the average density, use a bucket with a capacity of 10 liters. Sand is poured into it from a height of 10 meters until a hill forms - it is carefully cut horizontally at the level of the upper edge of the bucket. The material that fits in the container is weighed, and then its density is calculated in kg / m3: divide the mass in kg by 0.01 (the volume of the bucket in cubic meters).

The true value is a constant value and has an auxiliary value. In order to competently conduct construction, make practical calculations and evaluate the quality of the purchased material, it is more important to know the average. For example, if a cubic meter weighs less than 1300 kg, this indicates in large numbers voids and requires their filling with a binder. At the same time, the cost of materials increases, making construction more expensive.

Density of various types

The approximate indicators of bulk (average) density indicated in the table will help you purchase sand with the necessary parameters, quickly switch from weight to volume, and calculate the weight fractions of the mortar.

The average density of sand is an important indicator on which the performance properties of the substance and the future parameters of the concrete building mixture, the strength and stability of buildings, as well as the possible consumption of raw materials directly depend. It shows how much sand is contained in one unit of volume, which is taken as a cubic meter (1 m3).

This parameter is closely related to such material indicators as voidness and moisture, the degree of compaction and porosity. The features and correctness of the measurement of parameters can also introduce a certain error into the final result. Between these factors there is the following relationship: the greater the void between the particles and the moisture content of the substance, the smaller the bulk characteristic and the less pure sand fits in a cubic meter. This rule is identical for humidity, but with the opposite sign - due to the adhesion of fractions, the wet building material is compacted.

Also, the density depends on the structure of the grains, with a decrease in the size of which this characteristic grows, and also on the content of clay and other impurities. For the above reasons, the density of river sand is usually higher (average coefficient 1.5) than that of purified sand (for construction, the ratio is 1.4).