Building material Arbolit. Arbolit: composition, varieties, specifications. The need for accurate dosage of all components and compliance with technology

Arbolite blocks- Popular building material with a wide range of useful properties. To better understand where and how best to apply it, you need to learn about its properties and characteristics, advantages, features of application. In this case, it will be possible to most fully use the positive properties of arbolit and minimize the effect of negative.

Arbolit is a type of a large lung concrete, a filler in which woody segments acts. In the monolithic structure, it binds to concrete - cement test. The quality of the stages of the process of production of arbite blocks is the key to the smallest number of flaws in the finished material.

Construction uses arbolit in the following forms:

• large-format masonry blocks;
• hollow blocks;
• mixes for filling enclosing structures.

Masonry blocks are most widely distributed, and often they are meant when they talk about Arbolite. The most popular sizes of arbolite blocks: 500x300x200 mm, but now manufacturers offer to buy products and other sizes.

Despite the fact that it is easy to make arbolite blocks, there are strict requirements of the regulatory documentation that must be observed if the word arbolit is used in the name of the products. The documentation includes.

• GOST 19222-84 "Arbolit and products from it. General specifications. "
• CH 549-82 "Instructions for the design, manufacture and use of arbolite structures and products."

Composition of blocks

Arbolite blocks are usually manufactured from such materials:

• wood chip;
• water;
• cement;
• chemical additives.

Wood chip

The strength of the finished product directly depends on the caliber of the chip used. To get an arbolit with properties corresponding to the standards, you need to use chips, the dimensions of which are specified in GUT, and this means that the particle size should not exceed 40x10x5 mm.

Best properties have chips sizes in such intervals:

• in length - up to 25 mm;
• in width - from 5 to 10 mm;
• in thickness - from 3 to 5 mm.

It is important to use wood chips that do not contain third-party impurities for a mixture with cement, for example, bark, leaves of trees or soil. Sawdust, wood chips, straw, tyris and other similar materials for the production of high-quality arbolita are not suitable. Despite this, it is considered permissible, although not desirable, the presence of up to 10% of wood bark and up to 5% of foliage. Such a percentage of impurities does not have a significant impact on the final characteristics of arbolit.

Often, the cause of poor-quality material lies in the fact that the arbolit is made on non-core enterprises: often these are wood processing enterprises, where the impurities fall into it during the harvesting of chips.

When preparing chips on specialized enterprises, powerful equipment usually use: roll crushers, which are capable of creating a chip of the desired caliber.

The wood variety from which the chips are made are not important for the final consumer, however, according to the technology of arbolit, it affects the dosage of mineralizers and the degree of seal. For example, when using larch chips, two times more mineral additives are required than for other conifers. The most common chips of ate and pines are the most common, but the deciduous trees are rarely used.

Chemical additives

Wood contains in its composition compounds of sugar, which are an obstacle to the complete adhesion of the astringent component (cement test) with wood particles.

There are two main ways to increase adhesion between the components of Arbolit:

1. wood raw materials are dried in advance for several months;
2. the surface of the chip is subjected to mineralization in a special chemical solution.

However, the best binding of components can be achieved when combining the methods listed above. At the same time, they help to solve some other important problems in the manufacture of arbolit, such as an increase in bosostability, as well as a decrease in the moisture permeability of the finished material.

Among the chemical components used for sepies mineralization, substances that meet standards: calcium chloride (GOST 450-77), liquid glass (GOST 13078-67), silicate block (GOST 13079-67), alumina sulfate (GOST 5155-74) , Lime (GOST 9179-77).

Water

In order for the finished arbolit to have a complete set of claimed properties, the aqueous solution of mineralizers is prepared in advance, while the following proportions of the components are taken:

In the first stage of the sector process, it is placed in a special mixer, where water with a mineralizer dissolved in it is evenly distributed over its surface. Gravitational concrete mixers are not used for this, since they cannot be achieved properly homogenization. Stirring chips with a mineralizing solution occurs within 20 seconds. In the second stage, cement is added to the mixture, mixing with it lasts 3 minutes.

Cement

The brand of the cement used is greatly important for the strength of the finished material. According to the production of arbolit, it should be not lower than 400, but even immediately after the exit from the factory, cement often has time to lose the brand during storage, therefore, in the production of arbolic structural materials, it is desirable to use cement 500 brands.

Arbium blocks and the process of formation

Blocks must be fully formed no later than 15 minutes after mixing components. Often when forming use mechanical means. Several types of formation are isolated:

• manual formation without vibration;
• manual formation with vibration;
• production on the Vibratean;
• production on the Vibratean with a prune.

The mechanization of the process allows to achieve greater stability of mechanical parameters and linear dimensions, obtain more high-quality arbium blocks.

With handicraft production, it is often a mixture for blocks is too liquid, and the blocks have to be forced to withstand in the formwork until thickening occurs. In the general case, subject to production technology, the forms are removed from blocks without excerpts, and raw blocks are left for drying on the floor of the workshop or on a special removable pallet.
The sealing of arbite blocks is not at all in order to increase their density: the main goal is to achieve the most uniform distribution of the chips in the cement test, so that its orientation of its particles is arbitrary, and the surface was completely covered. Even with the same composition, arbolite blocks may have different characteristics if they have been subjected to different compaction. Vibration can lead to cement precipitation, therefore it is used during sealing moderately. When the blocks are sealing, it does not defund the grain chips, only the area of \u200b\u200btheir mutual contact and the orientation in space changes. Cement acts as glue, and with different degrees of sealing the thickness of the cement glue layer, covering particles of chips changes. Therefore, after sealing the change in the size of the block does not occur.

Accuracy in the manufacture of arbolit

It is very important that production is carried out in accordance with GOST, and deviations during the dosing of the components were no more than a few percent. With an insufficient amount of water in the mixture, not the entire cement will be moistened, and as a result of its excess, the strength of the product can be reduced, it will acquire excessive flexibility, the time will increase during which the initial gripping of the drying unit will increase.

The optimal proportions of mineralizing substances are selected by an experienced way, since in the standards there are dosages for chips of a certain caliber at a humidity of 25%. Properly selected proportions will ensure long service life of finished blocks.

It is important to pick up the water temperature for mineral mixture: it must be at least 15 ° C, so in the cold time the water is heated using mechanical or chemical heating (with CaCl 2 mineralizer).

Physical properties of Arbolita

One of the most important physical properties of Arbolit is its density. By appointing finished products, the material is customary to divide into two types:

• thermal insulation;
• structural.

The arbolite with a density not exceeding 500 kg / m 3 is used as thermal insulation. Such a material can be used throughout, where the load is distributed to other elements of the structure, for example, even as thermal insulation of the outer walls, if the weight of the roof and overlaps is perceived by other carriers.

The design arbolit usually has a density in the range from 550 to 700 kg / m 3, but products with an extremely high density of up to 850 kg / m 3 are found. Despite the superiority in strength, such samples are inferior to more slightly in thermal insulation properties. The block density measurement is made after its complete drying.

For the manufacture of walls it is possible to use cast arbolit, their total density will be about 300 kg / m 3, while the bearing capacity of such walls will correspond to a stone, having a density of 550 kg / m 3.

Blok strength

The main characteristic of the blocks used to classify their bearing ability is the compression strength, which gives the product class and brand. It is determined by average test results produced above the entire sample batch. The class of arbolit determines its guaranteed strength, and its presence in a party means that at least 95% of its samples correspond to it.

Between the brand and class, it is customary to establish addiction using the variation coefficients. The gap between these characteristics can tell a lot about the peculiarities of the organization of production. It is believed that than he is less, the organization of work is higher. A permissible gap for the first category is no more than 18%, for the highest - 15%.

The class usually makes sense to assign large masonry stones to which arbolite blocks include, while it is not applicable to small brickwork.

There are recommendations on the use of classes depending on the task. So, for the bearing walls of single-storey buildings (height of up to three meters), materials from 1.0 class should be used, if the height of the walls is more than three meters - from 1.5 class. During the construction of two-storey and three-storey buildings, blocks of classes in 2.0 and at 2.5, respectively, are needed.

Arbolit has a number of advantages in its strength in comparison with foam concrete, aerated concrete and other porous types of concrete: It is much less subject to the formation of cracks, as it has a high bending strength (from 0.7 to 1.0 MPa), and its value of its elastic module can be 2300 MPa. At the same time, its compression strength is no less - it is typical for porous concrete.

Thermal conductors of Arbolita properties

Another very important parameter of Arbolit is its thermal conductivity. Its dependence on the density of the material is illustrated by the schedule:

There is a consistent thickness of the enclosing structures manufactured from arbolit. For moderate latitudes, it is 38 cm, however, in practice, this value is somewhat overestimated, and very often in the construction of residential buildings use blocks with dimensions of 500x300x200 mm, laying them into one row. If there is an external and interior decoration of such walls indoors, a normal temperature will be maintained.

A common type of additional thermal insulation is perlite-containing warm plaster systems (1.5 - 2 cm thickness).

When building a bath and other premises, in which height occurs periodically, often use a special type of blocks of blocks: on the edge.

Arbolit and moisture

The water absorption of arbolitis is different for thermal insulation and structural blocks: 85% and 75%, respectively. At the same time, the water practically does not accumulate inside the blocks, as they are weakly wetting, and the water falling onto the arbular block is freely flowing through. That is why, during the construction of walls, the arbolit is not used without an external, facade finish with solutions of plaster or attachment systems.

Arbolite blocks and cold

Building materials are destroyed when exposed to low temperatures due to the fact that the water contained in their pores is expanding during freezing. This means that the more water can absorb the material, the less frost resistance it has. For arbolitis is characterized by low sorption humidity, and this means that it is sufficiently resistant to freezing (from F25 to F50). Even for walls that are not protected from environmental influence, the actual life can reach 7 - 10 years, and if there is a wall protection against a direct moisture, it is possible to significantly significantly increase the stability of arbolit to low temperatures.

Shrinkage of finished blocks

The main processes of shrinkage ends at the stage of manufacturing blocks. After that, the reduction in the size is non-critical (no more than 0.4% - 0.8%), can occur in the first months of using the block after it is styling, as well as under the action of the load in the form of overlaps, roofing. In this regard, the recommendation should adhere to the finishing work during the first 4 months after the completion of the main work on the creation of structures.

Non-angry Arbolita

Arbolit has high fire resistant indicators:

• labor-based material (group G1);
• fought-made material (group B1);
• material forms little smoke (group D1).

Low sound conductivity

Arbolite blocks are excellent sound insulation and exceed by the properties of noise suppression ordinary wood and brick, the absolute indicator can serve as a coefficient of noise absorption, which varies from 0.17 to 0.6 in the range of sound frequencies 135 - 2000 Hz.

Arbolite blocks and steam

The degree of vapor permeability of arbolite structures is about 35%, which means, the arbolit passes air, which guarantees comfort in the house at any time of the year, as well as the absence of excessive humidity. This means indoors where the walls are made of arbolit, it will not appear mold and fungus.

Negative properties of Arbolita

Despite the abundance of useful qualities and properties, the arbolit has both negative qualities that you need to know to be able to take into account them. So, questions and doubts when choosing a building material can cause the following facts:

Positive properties of Arbolita

There are a lot of advantages of Arbolita, which you do not need to forget:

1. Environmental safety of Arbolit.
   
   Arbolit does not secrete toxic substances in the air, it is harmless and can be used as a constructive material in the construction of residential premises.
2. Parry permeability.
   Due to high vapor permeability in buildings from Arbolit, a comfortable level of humidity will always be maintained, the liquid will not be collected on the walls and cause mold development.
3. Ease.
   Notable elastic properties of Arbolita, as well as its eases allow us to do without the construction of a heavy foundation, in addition, seismic threats are not terrible from arbolita.
4. Easy processing.
   Arbolit is easy to give in all sorts of processing.
5. Lightness of the work of the mount
   Like a tree, in Arbolite you can easily do holes, screw the screws, pick up nails, mount the fasteners of different types.
6. Low thermal conductivity.
   Due to the low thermal conductivity of arbolit, in low-rise buildings, where the loads are not too large, one can achieve a single-layer structure of the wall, since there is no additional need to establish heat insulation.
7. Good sound insulation.
   Due to the low conductivity of arbolite for sound waves under normal conditions in the buildings, it is possible to do without additional sound insulation of individual rooms.
8. High strength.
   Due to the strength of arbite blocks in the construction of small objects, it is possible not to make masonry reinforcement.
9. Bowstability.
   Biological destruction is not terrible for arbolit, it is not amazed by fungus, it does not develop mold, it is not a favorable medium for reproducing microbes.
10. High refractory.
    
    The arbolite is capable of withstanding the effect of high temperatures for a long time, it is difficult, it creates little smoke and does not contribute to the spread of the flame focus.

Nowadays the construction industry has grown very much. Not because there was a lot of plants and high-rise buildings in cities. The fact is that the private sector has grown significantly. Today it is difficult to find a family in our metropolis, who would have no less than a small house outside the city. And many build big cottages, and for all this you need a lot of building material.

The construction material of a different type in the construction markets is offered a lot. The choice is truly huge, but most developers are looking for themselves something cheaper But at the same time I. extensive. One of these types of building materials - arbolit.

Arbolit, it is the same ophkobeton, or a snow concrete. This relatively new material that is used in the production of plates, panels and blocks, which are widely used today in construction. From Arbolit build both industrial buildings and low-rise, private country houses.

Arbolit is an environmentally friendly material that is not complicated in production. Arbolit makes wood waste (sawdust, chip, etc.), which are relatively cheap and can be found almost everywhere. Plus, they are still considered waste, therefore, the production of opilk concrete is based on literally on waste. Due to this, the final price of the trees is relatively small.

The main characteristics of Arbolita

One of the main advantages of the opilk concrete can be attributed to the fact that this material heat passes very badly, mainly due to the wood base. Therefore, the building built from this material does not need additional thermal insulation, even if it is located in the northern latitudes.

Also, this beautiful building material does not contribute to the spread of sound. Soundproofing in a treesky building for nothing. As a result, this wall will be thinner without any insulation, which will increase the living area of \u200b\u200bthe building, and much. For example, in a house made from arbolit, the thickness of the walls of thirty centimeters, whereas in a similar brick building thickness from 60 cm to 1 meter. It would seem that it is quite obvious that warmer in a brick building. However, contrary to expectations, they are approximately equal in thermal conductivity. This is not only saving places, but also the obvious savings of the material.

Another plus of oprobetone: Usually, when heating the house, heating devices first give warm walls, and only then from them to the whole room. But here, due to wood basis, heaters give heat directly inside the room. As a result, we save on heating at home.

Also important plus is a relatively small weight of the building material, again due to the woody basis. Therefore, the total weight of the building and the load on the supporting structures is reduced at times, in comparison with the same brick. As a result, we have less costs for the foundation. At the same time, the material, despite its biological basis, is very durable and reliable, so you can safely build a house for many decades.

Arbolit - structural and thermal insulation

The trees are not only reliable in simple conditions, it is also very racks to a different kind of loads. For example, drops of temperature or, God forbid, earthquakes. In this, it is not only on exactly with other construction materials, but also exceeds in some characteristics. He also racks to deformation, so you can not be afraid to live in such an easy, but at the same time, a solid house. That is why this new building material has so many fans.

Views of Arbolita

As mentioned above, the opilk concrete is divided into construction and heat-insulating. From the name it is already possible to understand that one species is an arbolit for construction, and another type - for insulation. What is the difference? The fact is that in the production of an ordinary, structural oprobetone, it adds about fifty percent of wood sawdust. If you change this component in a large or smaller side, then, accordingly, its properties are changed relative to insulating qualities and reliability.

There is also an important indicator of the reliability of the building material - this is a water supply. For example, in the usual, fifty-percent arbium, water absorption indicator is ten-twelve percent. It can be reduced using special water repellent means.

Oil of Arbolita

You will probably be surprised by another plus of this building material. This plus is refractory! It would seem, how can there be practically wood material refractory? The fact is that in this building material, in addition to the tree, and concrete is also present. Thus, the tree cannot catch fire due to concrete. And therefore, the opilk concrete is withstanding about two hours of heating, at a fairly high temperature - a thousand three hundred degrees Celsius. Thus, it can be said that the arbolit does not burn!

For low-rise construction, many varieties of materials have been created. Some of them are used more often, others - less often.

Despite the fact that the arbolit is not a novelty in the construction market, many consumers do not know anything about its production technology, on features, advantages and disadvantages.

What it is?

Arbolit - lightweight concrete material made with the use of organic fillers. It is easier for most structural building materials. For example, it has a lower mass compared to classic brick or artificial stone.

The production of arbolite blocks in many respects determines their technical characteristics and operational qualities. Material should be issued in strict accordance with GOST standards.

However, some manufacturers use low-quality raw materials, resulting in blocks that do not meet the declared characteristics.

Structure

The arbolite mixture may include various components. According to GOST 19222-84, the arbolit must consist of several components.

Organic filler - chip.To obtain high-quality blocks, wood particles should be used with dimensions not exceeding 30, 10 and 5 mm in length, width and thickness, respectively. In addition, in the wood, the content of polysaccharides should not exceed 2%. In the organic filler should not be affected by fungus elements or various mechanical inclusions. Depending on the type of arbolit, the chip content ranges from 75 to 90%.

Cement binder. As such a placeholder, Portland cement has a brand not lower than M400. Some manufacturers offer blocks made on the basis of frost-resistant cement. It should be noted that with long-term storage, cement blocks lose the initial characteristics, because of which they may not comply with the requirements declared by the manufacturer.

In order not to encounter such a problem, experienced builders recommend buying an arbolit from cement not lower than the M500 brand.

Components of chemical origin.Arbolite blocks are partially consisting of organic aggregates that have the property to rot. To avoid damping chips with fungus, various chemical additives are added to the mixture. These may be calcium or ammonium chlorides, aluminum sulfate or other inorganic substances. Such components are characterized by harmlessness for human health. They allow not only to protect the wood chip from premature damage, but also accelerate the adhesion process of the components of the arbolite mixture, while reducing the time of drying blocks.

Water is also used to create arbolita. Her quality is governed by GOS 23732-79. Water should not contain fats and lipid derivatives, coloring components. For the production of blocks, only fresh liquid is used.

Before proceeding with the technological process, water and chemical components are subject to laboratory research. They are carried out regularly for each newly received batch.

Varieties

Manufacturers produce several types of such a class of concrete. We will talk about them below.

• Building blocks. This group includes heat-insulating and structural material. These components are used in various fields. The first has a small density, so that it is used to lay the heat insulating base when erecting interior overlap. The design option has a density of approximately 800 kg / cube. m (due to greater cement content). Due to higher strength, such arbolit is used to build bearing walls and support structures.
• Arbolite plates.Used as thermal insulation material. Their density does not exceed 500 kg / cube. m.

• Blocks with decorative facing.Such products can be separated by marble crumbs or facing tiles. These materials are much more expensive than ordinary blocks. However, the structure, with which it is erected, does not need further work on the decorative finish of the facade.
• Solution.It is preparing directly at the construction site and is not subject to storage. The solution is used to create monolithic products. Most often it is used for the insulation of residential premises, much less often - for the construction of small structures. In addition, a non-removable formwork for structures is made of it, whose height does not exceed 3 floors.

• Gypsum arbolit.His difference from ordinary - use in the production of plaster, instead of Portland cement. It has significant advantages: does not require the use of chemical components and quickly hardened.

Like any certified building materials, block arbolit is manufactured in certain sizes. The "running" products are considered to be products in the form of a parallelepiped with parameters of length, widths and heights equal to 500, 300 and 200 mm, respectively.

Manufacturing technology

Production of arbolit in blocks at large enterprises is automated. The manufacturing process includes several steps that are described below.

• Loading the organic filler into the dispenser. The dosing device is fixed on the lift, which delivers the component into the container of mixing equipment.
• Adding Portland cement a certain brand.
• Careful mixing of the components of the mixture to obtain a homogeneous mass. The resulting solution is sent to a vibration table with a vibropressive device.
• Leveling mass in forms. At this stage, the products are compressing due to the use of the press. If you need to obtain blocks of non-standard forms, special plates are inserted into the cells manually. As a result, triangular or trapezoids are obtained.
• Sending blocks into drying chambers. The temperature in which the products should be dried, not regulated by GOST. However, the materials are allowed to leave no more than 24 hours in the chamber.

Make arbolite blocks can be at home. Independent creation of material is a complex process. It will require thorough preparation of all components.

Special attention here needs to be given to wood chips. Of all the wood breeds, coniferous rocks, such as fir or pine, will be preferable. The presence of the bark or needle should not be more than 5% in relation to the total mass.

When creating blocks at home, there is no chemical additives at hand at hand. Without them, the adhesion process will be significantly difficult, and the time of hardening of products will increase (sometimes it takes a drying out several weeks). Independent manufacture of high quality material with your own hands is unlikely. Most often at home, block products are created for the construction of facilities with low operational requirements.

Usal scope

Arbolite blocks are a building material that is actively applied in private construction. It builds houses and cottages from it, various buildings of economic purposes. Block products perfectly retain heat, because of which it is permissible to apply even in harsh climatic conditions. In addition, the material is quite strong, due to which it is popular in seismically active areas.

In low-rise construction, arbolit is used as for the construction of buildings "from scratch"and for the insulation of wall structures and floor surface. Arbolite blocks found their use when building warehouse, industrial and agricultural facilities. It turns out of warm garages, baths, sores and various utility buildings.

Benefits

To decide whether to choose an arbolit as the main building material, it is necessary to study its properties in advance, as well as the pros and cons. Below are the advantages of block products.

• Environmental purity.In the manufacture of material, chemical components are not used that allocate the substance harmful to human health during construction or subsequent operation of the structure.
• High flexural strength.When draining the soil or seasonal movements of the soil, most building materials crackle, which leads to the formation of the cracks of the internal decorative coating. Arbolite blocks are different products. They are able to deform, not allowing cracking.
• Small mass.Weight 1 cubic. M Arbolit is not more than 700 kg. The same volume of brick has a lot of 2 thousand kg. Builders The small weight of the material makes it possible to abandon the construction of a massive foundation base, which saves time, strength and means.
• Fast masonry.During the construction of structures, the preferences of large blocks are most often given (500 × 300 × 200 mm). Due to the large sizes of the material, you can create a heatheat structure for a short time segment.

• Small consumption of sandy cement mixture.
• Excellent thermal insulation properties. Arbolite blocks have low thermal conductivity, due to which they do not let the cold outside and do not give heat accumulated indoors.
• Fire safety.Arbolit - practically non-combustible material. Chemical additives are part of the arbolite mixture help increase the fire refractory to 3 hours. When exposed to flame fire, the product does not emit caustic smoke.
• Good vapor permeability.Arbolite laying is able to "breathe". It contributes to the natural circulation of air, which provides a good microclimate in any room.
• Biological stability. Erecting a structure from Arbolita, you can not be afraid that its overlap or walls will be amazed mold or other types of fungus. This allows you to save money to buy antiseptic tools.

• Mechanical resistance.Arbolit blocks are quite durable. They are not afraid of blows, falls and other mechanical impacts. Such stability is also proved experimentally: products are hard to break by a sledgehammer and retain their integrity when falling from a height of up to 18 meters.
• Excellent absorption of noise.Soundproofing material is better than the noise absorption indicators of wood or brick.
• The possibility of processing.If necessary, blocks can be cut in conventional chainsaw, getting the desired product size.
• Simple installation of fasteners.Self-tapping screws are screwed in arbolite blocks without special efforts.

Despite numerous advantages, the arbolit chooses not every builder. The reason is simple - these are disadvantages of the material. For some, they are insignificant, while for others - a serious basis for refusing to buy arbium blocks.

disadvantages

Arbolit has many advantages, a little less - minuses. The main disadvantage includes high risks of the acquisition of handicraft modules. The fact is that high-quality blocks are manufactured at large manufacturing enterprises that are not found in the region.

In small cities and some metropolitans work "shrubs" or one-day company. In order to reduce the cost of finished products, they often use cheap low-quality raw materials.

Such manufacturers do not think about the operational qualities of manufactured building materials. They produce modules that disrupt the technological process. As a result, they implement the arbolit, the technical characteristics of which are significantly lower than the stated.

Another minus includes a small material density. On the one hand, this is a positive moment, because the load on the foundation is reduced, and on the other hand, such blocks cannot be used to build multi-storey structures.

There are a number of other drawbacks of such a material.

• Deviations in size.Finished blocks can differ significantly from the sizes regulated by the regulations. Sometimes due to the inconsistency of the parameters, builders have to increase the thickness of the seams. This leads to the formation of "cold bridges" and the freezing of the seams in the jewel.
• Biological instability.Blocks from Arbolita - products that "loved" rodents. Mice and rats make numerous minks and moves in them, which significantly reduces the service life of the construction. To protect the design from such pests, you will need to make a concrete ground floor. And these are additional monetary waste on building materials and hiring of a construction team.

• The need for a decorative trim of the facade. Arbolit is aesthetically unattractive building material (if it comes to facing products). To improve the appearance of the structure, do not do without finishing. She will entail the costs of buying cladding and hiring of labor.
• Weak resistance to high humidity. Arbolite blocks are able to accumulate moisture that over time destroys the material. So that the structure of Arbolita served as long as possible, it is necessary to make the foundation base with a good waterproofing shell and plastering the outer part of the wall.
• High price.It does not matter about the blocks of low quality handicraft production. Products that meet the provisions of GOST are not suiced. Their price is about 1.5 times higher compared to the cost of aerated concrete or foam block.

Some disadvantages of arbolit are associated with violation of its production technology or using low-quality components. In order not to acquire blocks that are unsuitable for construction, you need to listen to some recommendations.

Criteria for quality products

The choice of Arbolit is a responsible process, since it will largely depend on the service life of the future structure, as well as the microclimate inside it. Experienced builders when buying material advise, first of all, pay attention to its value. It is unlikely that the manufacturer will work to the detriment and sell high-quality arbolite blocks below their market price.

To protect yourself from a fake, you need to ask the seller's relevant documents on the goods (certificates of quality and compliance).

Choosing an arbolit, it is important to produce its visual assessment. Below are the quality indicators of such a material.

1. The homogeneity of the composition.If the arbolite mixture was inhomogeneous, ready blocks with time will be flashed. According to the regulations, the stratification indicator should be less than 10%.
2. Proper geometric shape.Its disorders are observed in non-compliance with the storage conditions of finished products or production technology.
3. Uniform gray.Uneven blocks of blocks or extraneous inclusions are talking about low quality products. For example, present green or brown shades - a sign of non-sophistication of products. It is worth considering that the materials may have different inclusions (straw, sawdust, chevy, wood bark), but not more than 5%.
4. Slip the same size (The presence of particles with dimensions exceeding the established norms are not allowed). Too large wood fractions are unable to completely soak chemical reagents. Because of this, they are poorly mixed with concrete and reduce the strength of the finished building materials.

It is necessary to abandon the acquisition of blocks made on the basis of sawdust, and not chips. Such blocks have a smaller strength caused by a poor reinforcing bundle.

To accurately confident as an arbolit, you should agree with the manufacturer about the possibility of a laboratory testing of selective samples of material from the released batch.

Arbolit or trees - a view of a lightweight concrete with a somewhat unexpected filler - wood chip. Its properties are noticeably different from the more familiar opaque concrete, and in favor of Arbolit.

Application he found the most diverse. About the composition of arbolit, its proportions, advantages and disadvantages of blocks and wall panels, the price per cube, the reviews of the owners will tell in this article.

Concretes, in general, consist of filler, binder and any additional ingredients. From conventional building material, concrete is distinguished by the method of application: it is placed in a form or formwork in a liquid form and, hung, acquires design strength.

Arbolith differs from the usual types of concrete composition and, accordingly, some qualities.

The video below provides a review of the pros and cons of Arbolita:

Description and features

• filler - Wood chip, and quite rigidly limited in size, as well as crushed rice straw, flax fire, stems of cotton, and even needles and bark;
• binding - the corresponding brand. It depends on the intended strength of the material, but not lower than M300;
• chemical additives - Provide a better compound of components, fast screwdriver and so on. Basically chloride salts of potassium, calcium, aluminum, as well as "Liquid glass" are used.

• No less important is the raw material: the size of the chips is important - no more than 25 mm in length and 10 wide, a certain degree of roughness, a tree breed - spruce, pine, beech, and even the character of wood is an early or late. Under all the rules of GOST material, a porous, "breathable" is obtained, but even durable.
• The composition of the initial components affects the result not to a lesser extent. For heat-insulating material, the ratio is usually: 1 share of binder, 1 fraction of chips and 1.5 shares of water, and, rather, speaking solutions with salts. To obtain a structural material, the proportion of the binder increases within certain limits.
• Regulated in the production of not proportion, but the properties of arbolitis obtained. If they correspond to GOST or TU, then the composition is considered suitable for work.

Pros and cons

Benefits

Like all material, the trees have their own advantages and disadvantages. Thus, the arbolit is not intended for the construction of high-rise buildings due to its low for this strength, but it is used as a heat insulator for a long time and successfully.

• Thermal insulation properties are the most remarkable feature of arbolit. The thermal insulation material has a thermal conductivity of 0.08 W / (M * C), that is, ahead of any kind of concrete and brick.
• In addition, the arbolit refers to accumulating materials and maintains heat: there are no sharp jumps of temperature in the house of the trees.
• In contrast to wood materials, the trees belongs to substances to the foolishness, labor-burning and formulating minimum smoke. It can be safely called fireproof.
• Arbolith is characterized by very high vapor permeability. Of course, it is inferior to the tree in this indicator, but still, the baths are preferable to build from a trees, and not a different type of stone.
• The strength of the material, if present in mind the construction reaches the class B3.5, which is not too much: from the trees can be built buildings not higher than 3 floors. However, he has a different valuable property: the arbolit is resistant to stretching load, which means that the material is compensated for under the basements and shrinkage of the foundation and is not covered by cracks.
• Frost resistance in different types of arbolit varies from class F25 to F50. However, the combination of frost and dampness significantly reduces this indicator.
• The trees are perfectly sawing, it cuts and perfectly holds fasteners. This is an excellent solution for hozpostrok.
• The material has a low weight, which greatly facilitates construction, especially independent.

disadvantages

Disadvantages are associated with the advantages of Arbolit.

• Water absorption - the arbolit is prohibited to be applied in the construction of premises in which the humidity will be deliberately high - 75%. The woodcutter absorbs moisture by 75-85%, but does not hold it. If you immerse the block into the water, then remove all the scored water flows, and the arbolit dries. This property allows the use of a trees in the construction of a bath, although the humidity is even higher. However, the dwelling refers to premises constantly heated, in contrast to bath, so here the restriction on the value of humidity continues to operate.
• Relative fragility limits the scope - in fact, it is low-rise construction and thermal insulation.
• The question of the durability of the material remains open: too little data is accumulated and depends on the quality of arbolit.
• Woodcloth is not at all cheap pleasure as mistakenly considered. Made in accordance with GOST material has a fairly correlated cost with foam concrete, since the production technology is weakly affected by automation.

Views

Release 2 types of arbolita:

• structural - with a large cement content and higher density - from 500 to 800 kg / cubic meters. From the structural wood concrete, it is allowed to build self-supporting and bearing walls. If necessary, the material can be reinforced with grid and straightened;
• heat insulating - with greater fraction of chips and less density - up to 500 kg / cube. m. From it you can build partitions, and for the carrier walls to use as a heat insulator.

The trees can have two forms of release.

• Blocks - Finished products of certain sizes. GOST regulates not so much dimensional parameters as deviation from them. In practice, the error in size is much higher, which should be considered during construction: the seams between the blocks will be different thickness.

• It is produced on the construction site and immediately used: stored material can not. Monolith is most often used precisely for thermal insulation of walls and gender. However, the monolithic construction of small buildings is possible.

The manufacture of monolithua reduces the cost of construction, however reduces speed: as all other types of concrete, a tabletone needs a long time to gain project strength.

Specifications

The combination of wood chips and cement is not an analogue of a tree. This, nevertheless, it is concrete that follows it as a building stone, and not wood. Accordingly, the materials of different species award the class of strength and brand, as well as every other concrete.

Based on the given data, the weight of the products is calculated, the load on the foundation during the construction, the necessary transport facilities, and so on.

We produce arbolit, if we are talking about the finished product in such forms:

• blocks - medium, large, narrow, intended for laying walls;
• u-shaped blocks - for window and door jumpers, as well as from another type of recesses;
• plates - Combined with a layer of heavy concrete, as the material itself cannot provide due durability. Their length according to GOSE should not exceed 4.8 m.

The size of blocks and stoves can be fundamentally vary in fairly wide limits when coordinating the customer.

Production and application

It is a fairly simple technological line, but the process itself is due to the duration of the duration of the rejection, it turns out to be stretched in time and quite significantly. In addition, the frozen of the trees in forms is possible only at a temperature not lower than +12 C, which limits either the manufacturing time, or increases the cost of the material.

Consists of the following steps.

• Get chips - Used for making waste of the forest processing industry, however, with some limitations. For example, such wood rocks such as larch or poplar is not allowed to use. In this case, the sizes of chips must match GOST, otherwise the quality of the final product will be dubious. Crushers are suitable for this: disk, rotary-knife, shredders, but the best is the hammer crusher, where the chips are obtained by the desired size.
• Dosage and mixing - In production for this, special dispensers are used. With independent manufacture, the main thing is not to confuse: the composition of the weight ratio or volume is determined.
• Mixing It is produced in the cyclic mixing mechanism - concrete mixer. Due to the fact that wood fibers and cement are cluttered badly, mixing takes at least 10 minutes.
• Laying in forms - the finished mixture of the hopper is fed in forms, metal or wooden.
• Rambling - Even in industrial environments, it does not exclude manual labor. The trees are important not only to be sealed, but also to settle, for which they first pierce the mixture with a sharp metal tool, at least for a pitchfork. Then we are sealing a regular tamper or vibrotole.

Popular manufacturers and average product cost

Arbolit, albeit light, but still concrete, and therefore more profitable for the builder is to appeal to the nearest manufacturer, if, of course, the quality of its products is really worth a good word. Very often, the trees are made by a rather handicraft method, which markedly affects it and on its reputation.

Most often, companies offering building buildings from Arbolita themselves produce it

• The company "EKODREVE PRODUCT" - one of the largest producers in Russia, manufactures more than 1000 cubic meters. The cost of finished blocks depends on the type of material: the price of thermal insulation arbolite per piece 4600 p. per cube. m, and construction - from 5400 to 6200 p. per cube. m.
• The Arbolite Product Plant offers a variety of blocks. The average cost of products - from 3600 p. per cube. m.
• The construction and trading company "Arbolit Trejd" makes a full-length and hollow trees at a price of 5250 p. per cube m. The price here includes the delivery of the material.
• The Velikaya house-building company manufactures arbolite blocks since 2007. Cost of products - from 3900 p. per cube. m.
• The Vologda Plant of Arbolit offers a construction plank concrete for 4200 p. per cube. m.

Arbolit is used in construction for quite a long time. The requirements for the material are set in GOST 19222 * 84.

GOST 19222-84. Arbolit and products from it. General specifications.

For the production of arbolit, astringent (cement) component, organic fillers and additives for adjusting the characteristics are used. Material applies to the construction of various destination structures.

The composition of the mixture (the content of cement, water and chemical additives) for the manufacture of material may vary depending on the type and fraction of the organic.

In accordance with the current standard manufacturers produced two types of arbolit.

Table. Types of material.

The scope of application of the structural arbolit is the construction of walls of low (2, 3 floors) and partitions, jumper devices above the openings and armojois. The thermal insulation material is needed for thermal insulation of walls and floors, as well as noise protection. The construction of bearing structures made of products made from arbolite having a density below 500 kg / m 3 is prohibited.

Important! With increasing density, thermal insulation efficiency is reduced.

Relative humidity inside buildings from arbolit should not exceed 60%. It is also not allowed to have an aggressive gas environment.

Important! When providing protection of structures from arbolit (in accordance with construction norms) from corrosion of restrictions on the environment, can be removed.

From Arbolita, the blocks are produced that are most in demand from the consumer, and the panel (they are mainly used to insulate the floors).

What characteristics do blocks from arbolita possess?

The thermal conductivity coefficient of the material, depending on the organic filler, can be:

• 0.08 ... 0.17 W / (m × ° C) - for products with wood as part;
• 0.07 ... 0.12 W / (m × ° C) - for products with other types of filler.

Such thermal insulation capacity of the material allows the wall with a thickness of only 30 cm as efficiently to resist the penetration of cold, as the meter brick.

When shipping the consumer, the arbolit should not have a humidity exceeding 25%.

The frost resistance of the material can be F 25 or F 50. By resistance to biological lesions, it refers to the V group. Arbolit can withstand the effect of fire up to 90 minutes.

Arbolite blocks can be reinforced. At the same time, welded mesh or rod steel with coated coating protecting against corrosion are used. The thickness of the concrete layer to the reinforcement should not be less than 1.5 cm. Also in the arbolit, mortgage parts can be installed.

Prices for construction metal reinforcing grids

Construction Metal Reinforcing Mesh

Requirements for mixture components

The standard identifies the standards for the production of raw materials used in the production of blocks of raw materials.

Important! Many as components in the manufacture of blocks use sawdust and sand. Opolk concrete and arbolit - different materials.

Binding component

The arbolite mixture can be produced from the following types of cement:

• portland cement;
• portland cement with mineral additives;
• sulfate resistant cement (not Pozzolanova).

Marks allowed for the use of raw materials:

• for thermal insulation blocks - from m 300;
• for structural products - from M400.

Cement prices and Basics of mixtures

Cement and Basics of Mixtures

Organic aggregate

To this component, the content of which in the mixture comes to 80%, high demands are presented.

Types of filler used in the manufacture of arbolita:

• chopped wood;
• rice straw (finely chopped);
• flax campfire or cannabis.

Most often, waste of forestry and wood processing enterprises is used as a filling component. For the manufacture of arbolit, you need a chip of needle-shaped. As a rule, it is obtained from the hill.

Basically used spruce, pine, birch, aspen or poplar wood. It should be noted that in coniferous rocks, there are fewer sugars that impede the hardened cement and causing organic fermentation in the finished product. The size of such a filler should not exceed 4 x 1 x 0.5 cm. Optimal is considered the aspect ratio of 1: 5. When using a mixture of sawdust as a component, the block strength is significantly reduced.

The chip is almost impossible to buy in the finished form. Manufacturers should solve the issue with the raw materials on their own, namely, to install wood grinding equipment.

Important! Raw materials should not contain more than 10% of the crust and more than 5% of the needles and leaves.

The highest quality filler is obtained as a result of preliminary processing of lumpy waste on choping machines and subsequent grinding in hammer crushers. The resulting raw materials must be dried during the month, it is impossible to immediately let it in production. Often, the material with wood waste in the composition is called a trees or a shoe concrete.

When using another organic, it is necessary to pay attention to the length of the particles. It should not be more than 4 cm.

The filler should not be infected with mold and have extraneous inclusions.

Important! To prevent rotting, many manufacturers are treated with a raw material solution (15%).

Additives

Introduction to the chemical additive allows you to improve some characteristics of the material. Types of substances are installed in GOST 24211 * 2008.

Additives for concrete and mortars. General specifications.

Table. Varieties of chemical additives for the production of arbite blocks.

Some introduced additives can have a comprehensive effect on the material.

Video - Production of Arbolit and Arbonolite

Dimensions of blocks from Arbolit

The most sought-after consumer products has dimensions:

• 500 x С00 x 200 mm;
• 500 x 250 x 200 mm;
• 500 x 250 x 150 mm;
• 500 x 250 x S00 mm;
• 600 x 300 x 200 mm.

Wall blocks may also have dimensions of 400 x 300 x 200, 400 x 250 x 350 and 400 x 400 x 200 mm, and partitioned - 300 x 150 x 200 and 500 x 150 x 250 mm.

Advantages and disadvantages of arbolite blocks

The manufacturing technology and the composition of the material gives it many useful for the construction of qualities.

1. Environmental safety for the consumer (blocks do not release harmful people and animals into the atmosphere).
2. Low thermal conductivity (lower than that of other types of products, with the exception of some species of foam concrete).
3. Excellent sound insulation (exceeds the similar parameter of the usual brick 4 times).
4. Non-hatching.
5. Decent frost resistance.
6. A sufficient strength, which guarantees firmly linked semicircles.
7. The low weight of the material facilitating the laying process and reduce load on the foundation.
8. Small shrinkage (up to 0.5%).
9. Ease of processing that allows you to cut the products and install fasteners in them.
10. Resistance to the formation of cracks under the influence of load.
11. No need to use plaster grid when finishing walls from blocks.

However, it is necessary to take into account some drawbacks of arbolite blocks:

• high moisture absorption (up to 85%), with which it is necessary to fight with waterproofing;
• poor geometry, which requires an increase in the consumption of a masonry solution and leads to heat loss;
• high cost of finished products;
• not too aesthetic appearance of material requiring mandatory finish;
• when laying in the cavity, which are thermal insulators, it falls a significant part of the solution (but the design becomes stronger).

Before purchasing products, it is necessary to check the documentation, otherwise it is possible to run into products made by the "handicraft method", which often brings to a decrease in their quality.

As a rule, problems with geometry are caused by a platform blocks immediately after pressing. The elastic mixture is expanding, as a result of which the deviation in size can be up to 2 cm.

A number of disadvantages are eliminated in the new form of products - an arbolite block with an outer layer of foam concrete. At the same time, an organic basis substance should be used as a foaming agent to preserve the environmental safety of products.

Production technology of arbite blocks

The scheme of the production line of products from arbolit is presented in illustration.

The production cycle is as follows:

• an organic filler is loaded into the horizontal two-walled mixer;

  

• water with aluminum sulfate (for the neutralization of sugars in the organ) and additives are added;
• after that, portland cement is introduced;
• the mixture is stirred for three to five minutes;
• the mass is loaded into the form treated with emulsol, for vibratoryropressing;

  

• immediately with a platform of finished products can not be engaged. Blocks must be in forms, otherwise it will not be possible to achieve good geometry. Take them in a day after production;

  

• for hardening, the product is installed in a warm room for 10 days. Some manufacturers use a stering chamber for ripening products. This increases the strength of finished blocks;
• finished products are packaged on pallets and deposited.

  

You can use block blocks about three weeks after the manufacture. When applying additives accelerating hardening, this period is reduced.

Important! Many manufacturers for lubricating the inner surfaces of forms use spent machine oil, which naturally costs cheaper emulsol. However, it can leave oil trails in blocks, which leads to problems with the finishing of the walls (the coating may not lie on the surface).

Production of blocks with their own hands

Blocks can be made independently. However, it should be prepared that the result does not always justify expectations. With manual traam, it is difficult to achieve the necessary strength of the material.

The most important thing in the manufacture of blocks with your own hands is to stock organic filler. Convenient when it is possible to agree on its delivery at the woodworking enterprise. Install the crusher in its farm for the production of a small amount of products is not too justified.

The workflow will need concrete mixer and detachable forms.

Better if they are metallic. Wooden designs are recommended from the inside to put linoleum. So it will be easier to extract finished products.

Video - form for cooking blocks of arbolit

The technology of production blocks is no difficulty.

Step 1. Filler is prepared. It must be cleared of foreign inclusions.

Step 2. The filler is loaded into the concrete mixer, the unit turns on.

Step 4. Water mixed with calcium chloride is poured into the working mixer, additives are entered. The chips should be evenly impregnated with water and become dark.

Step 5.Cement is added. The proportions of the components (by mass): 1 part of the water, 6 pieces of chips and 1 part of the cement. Calcium chloride need 2% of the mass of cement. Mixed to a homogeneous state (chips not covered with cement should remain) The mass should be crumbly, but plastic.

Video - Arbolit

Step 6. The mass is discharged from the mixer.

Step 7. Metal forms are used for the production of blocks, the removable bottom of which is covered with a film so that the concrete does not stick to the base. It is more convenient when the matrices can be disassembled. It's easier to remove the block.

Step 8. The mixture is laying asleep in shape. Each layer is thoroughly tram.

Step 9. The next day, the block is retrieved and sent to dry. In this case, the product should be covered with polyethylene.

For blocking blocks can be used cement-sand mixture or glue composition, which is a bit more expensive. The CPS is not recommended to be used in the erection of the walls of the residential structure, since the cold bridges are formed in the seams. Glue designed to work with cellular concrete is much energy efficient. You can also use a mixture with a perlite called "warm".

How is the laying of blocks from arbolit?

Step 1. It is necessary to put on the foundation so that the moisture from it does not penetrate the blocks. For this purpose, the runneroid (2 layers) is most often used. The width of the material should approximately 10 ... 15 cm exceed (on each side) the thickness of future walls.

Step 2. Starts wall mounting from angular blocks. Masonry solution is applied. This will require Kelma. The thickness of the layer is approximately 6 mm (part of the composition will go in the cavity, the seam will remain in 3 mm). The correct installation is verified by the level. If necessary, the block is used rubber cosyan.

Step 3. Between the blocks (from the outside) the twine is stretched. It will serve as a level for the installation of the entire row.

Step 4. A masonry solution is applied to the vertical end line of the block. The second product is tightly installed. Then glue processes its vertical and the new block is stacked.

The procedure continues until the entire first row is completed. If necessary, adjust the block in size can be used by any saw: manual, electrical or with a gasoline engine.

Prices for the popular model range of chain gasoline saws

Chainsaw

It is necessary to immediately process the location of the cut (chip without cement) by the antiseptic composition (any suitable for wood processing). After completing the masonry of the first row, it is necessary to take a break for a few hours so that the solution grabbing.

Step 5. The reinforcing grid is laid on the blocks of the first row.

It will need to be used every 4 row of masonry.

Step 6. Laying blocks with applying a mosquito solution on the horizontal surface and the ends of the products continues. They are installed with dressing. Periodically, the horizontal and the design vertical should be checked.

As can be seen, the use of arbite blocks in construction is not particularly different from the masonry of other types of products.

Arbolite blocks are a worthy alternative to us products made of foam, gas- or ceramzite concrete products. Their operational characteristics allow the use of material when erecting low-rise buildings of any destination.

Video - laying of arbolite blocks