Types and properties of thermal insulation materials. Thermal insulation materials Types and properties of thermal insulation materials are

The high-quality insulation for the house will not only make the building more comfortable for accommodation and will reduce the cost of heating, but also will help extend the service life of other building materials, preventing their premature damage due to the freezing. It is important to choose the properly to choose the insulation: only under the observance of this condition, the thermal insulation of the house will be reliable and efficient.

How to choose a heater

Selecting the insulation for the house, take into account the following basic factors:

• type of heat-insulated design: walls (external or internal), roofing, ceiling, base, facade, balcony, etc.;
• features of the insulated design: for the walls - the material of the manufacture, thickness, for the roof - its type, for floors and facades - the type of finishing materials that will be laid on the insulation;
• technical Requirements: The insulation for the house must be environmentally friendly. In some cases, conditions are also put forward in the plan of fire safety, vapor permeability, small mass, etc.

Masters and the budget allocated to thermal insulation work. It is natural that every buyer seeks to save. But when choosing a heater, you should not give preference to cheap materials of dubious quality and without specialized certificates. Their use can lead to ineffectiveness and / or the short period of thermal insulation of the house, and therefore, and additional costs associated with the replacement of the insulation already in the near future.

Pay attention to the thermal conductivity of the material. The lower this value, the larger thermal insulation indicators have a heater for the house. The thickness of the material also affects the level of thermal insulation.

Another important factor in the choice of insulation is a way to install it. Depending on the type of material and the form of its release, this may be:

• styling with fixing, sticking - for mats, plates;
• spraying - for sprayed polyurethane foam and other similar materials;
• drawing by painting tools - for liquid compositions;
• splashing - for clay and other similar materials.

The choice of application method often depends on the type of design. For example, the attic is comfortable to fall asleep with clay, and the walls are made by mats.

Popular insulation home

Mineral Wat (Basalt). The material is made from melt rocks, domain slags and consists of a set of microfolocon. The advantages of such a insulation are in its durability, which is due to mechanical strength, resistance to mold and moisture, as well as in non-calling. Mineral wool is often used for outdoor insulation (ventilated, plaster facades), thermal insulation of flat roofing, walls and pipelines. Choosing such a heater for the house, pay attention to the composition. Materials with phenol formaldehyde resins as a binder is not desirable to apply in residential areas.

Fiberglass. This is a kind of mineral wool consisting of glass fibers. The advantage of the material in increased chemical stability, strength and elasticity. The main minus of this insulation is a significant fragility of fibers. Bonked microfragments glass gambles cause skin irritation, carrying danger when entering eyes, difficult to remove from clothes.

Polystyrene foam (foam). This is a synthetic insulation for the house, which combines the maximum available cost with good thermal insulation indicators, which causes its popularity. By 98%, such a material consists of air in closed cells, its effectiveness in terms of insulation is associated with it. Among the benefits can also be noted hygroscopicity, light weight, maintaining its thermal insulation indicators in any climatic zone. Disadvantages: Low strength, the ability to oxidize in air, the release of harmful substances when heated.

Sprayed polyurethane foam. This is one of the modern insulation that appeared on the market relatively recently. The material is a plastic with a foam cellular structure. It is distinguished by elasticity, breathability, good noise absorbing properties, chemical resistance, low moisture absorption. Application by spraying provides the ability to create a high-quality heat insulating layer even on structures with a complex configuration. The disadvantages are high price, sensitivity to ultravioletiolet and the ability to collapse due to the effects of high temperatures.

Ekwata.. Such a heater for the house is made of secondary cellulose (more than 80%) and additional additives (antiseptics and flames and antipirens, boric acid and sodium tetraborate are used to these purposes, respectively). The material is considered environmentally friendly. With the possibility of airfills, you can apply eco-friendly in raw rooms (for home it is basements, grounds, bathrooms), including those in which condensate can be formed on surfaces. The disadvantages of the material are a decrease in volumes during operation (usually by 20%) and the short-life of properties (with time, thermal insulation characteristics are reduced).

Penosop. This material is a liquid foam produced in cylinders. The foam substance fills the slots and gaps in the design, which ensures reliable thermal insulation. No preliminary surface preparation is required, there are no seams. Penosol is produced on the basis of a polymer resin, which includes diverse additives. There are foamy insulation for residential and non-residential premises on sale. The first is characterized by an more environmentally friendly composition (usually made on the basis of urea-formaldehyde resins), the second often have better operational indicators, although they do not differ in environmental performance. After the frozen, the foamy layer has good vapor permeability, which provides a normal microclimate indoor. But such a insulation can temporarily make an unpleasant smell, has high hygroscopicity and gives a linear shrinkage.

Polyester fiber. Environmentally friendly insulation for home. Does not contain adhesive and does not smell. Fibers do not break during the installation and not dust. The advantages of the material also include biological stability and minimal water absorption. It is not recommended to lay polyester fiber to the sections that are under constant pressure.

Floor insulation

Through the floor, up to 20% heat loss (for comparison: through windows and doors take up to 30%). Reduced heat loss will help the insulation laid under the decorative coating. Most often for floors are used by the following materials:

• foamed materials (foam, expanded polystyrene et al.) with one foil side;
• wood materials (plywood, dvp, sawdust, cork insulation);
• mineral wool.

When choosing, it is necessary to consider:

• load on the floor. The insulation should not be deformed under its impact;
• requirements for vapor permeability, hygroscopicity, noise insulation and fire safety.

Recent requirements are usually determined by the type of outdoor material and the terms of use. For example, a moistureproof foam is suitable for concrete, but does not apply for wooden floors. The glass gamet is good noise, but due to high moisture, it does not fit in wet rooms.

Types of insulation walls

First of all, it matters exactly where the insulation will be used.

• Outside the building. It is important that the material has resistance to atmospheric factors, including high humidity, temperature jumps. For external work, foam is often used, basalt insulation, thermal insulation plaster.
• Inside the building. The environmental friendliness of the material is of paramount importance. In some cases, the requirement of a small thickness is also put forward so that the insulation layer does not greatly reduce the inner space of the premises. Mineral wool can be used, polystyrene foam (foam), polyester fiber.

It is also necessary to analyze the combination of thermal insulation materials with wall and finishing: the insulation should be well attached to them.

Ceiling heaters

Thermal insulation ceiling can be:

• the top - the insulation is stacked, poured or pasted on the attic;
• the bottom (internal) - the material is pasted on the ceiling from within the room.

Most often for ceiling insulation used mineral wool, foam, foil polyethylene foam. The choice depends on the method of installation, technical requirements for thermal insulation.

Conclusion

Due to the large range of thermal insulation materials, many homeowners find it difficult to choose the means for insulation, especially since each option has advantages and disadvantages. In such cases, it is advisable to contact the company that deals with the sale of thermal insulation materials. Specialists will consult in detail according to the characteristics of each of the insulation, they will help to choose the optimal option, taking into account the conditions of operation, such as design, technical requirements for thermal insulation.

Increasingly, people resort to the insulation of their homes and other premises, but on the marketing market now presents such types of insulation for the house, which will not immediately understand what better.

How to choose a good insulation for home or apartment to be high quality and accessible?

Before purchasing, it is necessary to study the types of insulation and their characteristics, as well as the scope.

The insulation is divided into several classes: using an organic base, from inorganic substances and a reflective type insulation.

Arbolit, Penosop, Fibrololite, Ceramzit, PPVH, Cotoplastic

The composition of the organic insulation includes components that were obtained naturally (wood residues, agricultural waste, cement, sometimes plastic).

This type of materials is often found on sale and has an affordable price.

The advantages of such a heat insulator is that it is a fireproof, moisture-repellent and environmentally friendly. It is used under conditions where the temperature is below 150 degrees.

Most often, this type of insulation is used for houses: they are insulated with facades or make panels for construction filled with organic heat insulator.

Each type of this type of insulating material is good in its own way, but thanks to this article you will learn which one is better in a specific situation.

Arbolite insulation is a novelty on the market. It consists of wood waste (sawdust, shallow shavings) with the addition of crushed straw or reassembly waste.

For strength to the composition add cement base, and sometimes chemical products (calcium and liquid glass). Completes the processing process of the mineralizer to be treated with arbolit.

The characteristics of the arbolite insulation have the following values:

• density (determined on a cubic meter): 500 - 700 kilograms;
• heat resistivity has a coefficient of 0.08 - 0.12 watts;
• the deformation and compression of this product have indicators of 0.5 - 3.5 megapascular.

The composition of another organic insulation, foamizol, includes an aqueous emulsion of formaldehyde resin. For strength to add glycerin there.

Sulfocuslots, which are contained in the MINIPO, help the formation of foaming consistency. You can purchase material in the form of crumbs or ready-made blocks.

This product has positive qualities, and negative. In industry, sometimes a liquid consistency is used, which is filled with emptiness, after which it hardens - it helps to speed up the construction.

Fibrololite is another type of thermal insulation panels. These panels are made of narrow strips of woody chips. For strength, the cement base or magnesite building component is used.

Ceramzite is considered the most ecological insulating component. It turns out in the process of burning clay and has a porous structure.

Ceramzite is used mainly for insulation floors. Positive qualities at the ceramzit is a lot, but there are some negative.

The PPVH insulation has extensive use. From this material, insulation for walls, floors, roofs, and still use it as a filler for the entrance doors. It consists of chloride resins and can have both a solid base and soft.

Sotoplast is the basis of honeycombs that have a hexagon form, use tissues and paper. Epoxy resin is used as a binding material.

The quality of such thermal insulation depends on its structure, the width of the cell and the main component. This material can be used as insulation of walls.

Chipboard, dvip, polyurethane foam, foam, eco-plastic, polyethylene

The thermal insulation material from the chipboard is quite popular today. The plates are based on wood chips (more than 90%), everything else is resin and antiseptics that serve for moisture resistance and strength.

Chipboard indicators are characterized by the following criteria:

• the density is about tons per meter cubic;
• stretching strength is 0.2 - 0.5 megapascal;
• the humidity of these stoves does not exceed 12 percent.

Movie-plates for isolation resemble a chipboard in appearance and in composition. The only thing they differ is by adding agricultural waste (straw or corn stems).

For ligaments, synthetic components are used in the form of a resin. To reduce fire, plates are processed by antiseptic. Dvip is a good building material.

Mounting foam (polyurethane foam) is used for external work and internal. The basis of such a heater is polyester.

Polyfoam (polystyrene foam) consists of only 2-3% of polystyrene, the rest is air, so this material turned out to be lightweight and with good thermal insulation.

Positive qualities of foam:

• not subject to corrosion;
• has high waterproofing and noise insulation;
• the heat transfer of foam fluid varies from 0.03-0.04 watts.

Foamed polyethylene consists of a foam substance and polyethylene. Such material is used as vaporizolation.

Foamed polyethylene has the following characteristics:

• density within 25 - 50 kilograms;
• heat resistance does not exceed the coefficient of 0.05 watts;
• has minimal absorption of moisture;
• it has resistance to the effects of chemical and biological factors.

The following insulation, ecicles, included cardboard waste and other paper products.

Characterizing properties EcoWhata:

• features high noise insulation;
• has high heat insulation;
• seamless styling of material;
• high moisture absorption coefficient.

All kinds of insulation from the previous and this paragraph of the article were organic material, and now consider another option of insulation and their main property.

Inorganic type of thermal insulator

Slags, glass and asbestos are added to such insulation. Sometimes the composition includes rocks. Inorganic insulation can be attributed to mineral wool, porous concrete, lungs of concrete and others.

The form of inorganized thermal insulators can be different: they are produced in rolls, in stoves and in bulk form.

Mineral wool is produced in two varieties: in the form of slag wool and stone.

The first species consists of slags that are formed during the casting of metals, and in the second case, natural materials are used, such as limestone, basalt and other rocks.

The only minus of such a coating is the high permeability of vapors.

To eliminate such a lack, you need to use additional materials.

Mineral wool uses such characteristics:

• this material is practically not lit, which helps to use it in premises for storing explosive substances;
• noise absorption is very high. This quality allows you to warm the panel houses;
• it is not exposed to deformation, which prevents the formation of cracks;
• not exposed to chemical factors;
• good thermal insulation.

Glasswater also applies in construction. The glass gambler includes the residues of glass products or components that are used for the manufacture of glass.

Unlike minvati, glass gamble has one feature - she has a more elastic look.

Characteristics Glasswater:

• has resistance to elevated temperatures;
• not subject to corrosion;
• heat resistivity in the range of 0.03 - 0.05 watts;
• the density is about 130 kilograms.

Ceramic wool is another inorganic material for insulation, aluminum or silicon oxide is added to this component.

The positive qualities of this wool is resistance to chemical reactions, and ceramic wool is not subject to deformation.

Ceramic wool has such properties as:

• resistance to high temperatures;
• wool density within 350 kilograms;
• at temperatures above 600 degrees, the wool has a coefficient in the range of 0.13 - 0.16 watts.

Reflective type of insulation

The basis of reflecting insulation includes material, the surface of which is capable of reflecting heat.

Such materials include silver, gold and polished aluminum without additives of different impurities.

To make the price of the material available, manufacturers use aluminum. The coating is applied to the polyethylene film, which can serve as a parobarrier.

We produce such a insulation mainly in rolls with a small thickness.

With a small thickness of the heat insulator, the material has good indicators.

The main area where the reflective type is applied is the internal finish. The effective area will be the ceiling and walls.

All this is explained by the fact that the warm air flow is directed upward, and the reflective insulation will help to push the flow thread and save the heat indoors.

In construction, it is possible to use the combined type of insulation, as part of which use mixtures of asbestos and additional composites.

Additives can be attributed to mica, diatomitis and perlite. Such a mixture has a tough mass that is directly applied to insulation places, after which it is expected to fully solidify.

The only negative is that such a method of insulation is impossible without an additional layer of waterproofing.

For safety purposes, when working, it is necessary to use the means of protection, because asbestos dust adversely affects a person.

Positive qualities are determined by high heat resistance and low thermal conductivity.

The article described a description of the most common materials for construction, types of insulation, which can now be purchased on the market at an affordable price, their characteristics.

The use of all types of insulation is suitable for home or apartment, but it is better to choose a comprehensive material that will not only help keep heat, but also help to eliminate outsiders.

A good indicator will not be simply insulation, but also protection from the windthort.

The thermal insulation works not only in winter, but also in the summer. If it is competent, then in the cold time in the house will be significantly warmer, and in the heat of cooler. Manufacturers offer a huge range today. There are not only traditional products, but also new modern materials. Building insulation are in rolls, in mats, in granules, powder, cylinders, similar to blocks and bricks, on the plates.

Types of thermal insulation

The most important characteristic of the heat-insulating material is thermal conductivity. What it is lower, the better. In fact, this indicator determines how much the material material can skip through itself.

The main classification of insulation shares them into two groups:

1. Reflective type. The decrease in thermal losses during the installation of this species occurs due to the reduction of infrared radiation.
2. Prevent type. Their main quality is the low thermal conductivity coefficient.

The heat insulation of preventing type is the widest category. Consider the most popular samples and analyze their characteristics.

It is made of polyethylene granules, where, when heated, a foaming substance is added. As a result, a porous material is obtained, which has good sound-proof and vapor insulation properties.

From the characteristics you can allocate:

• thermal conductivity of material - 0.043-0.05 W / m k;
• 25-50 kg / m³;
• withstands the temperature in the range from -40 ° C to +100 ° C;
• the degree of water absorption is low;
• it opposes biological and chemical loads.

Some manufacturers produce foamed polyethylene with a foil outer layer (a new modern analog), this option already applies to the second category. And one more product from Polystoinoethylene is thermal insulation cylinders for insulation of pipes.

Many people are confused with foam polystyrene foam. These are two different insulation, where the first fully displaced the second, which was used for many years in construction. The distinctive characteristic of foamed polystyrene is his porosity. So 98% are pores filled with gas. And only 2% material itself. But at the same time the insulation itself is very dense.

Here is its characteristics:

• thermal conductivity - 0.024-0.041 W / m k;
• parry permeability (water absorption) - 0.017;
• bending strength 0.5-1.1 kg / m² (comparable with foam - 0.03-1.9 kg / m²);
• in construction, the material is most often used by a density of 15-35 kg / m³.

We add that this insulation is used for all types of building designs: floors, facades, roofing, foundations. They can be insulated from the inside or outside.

The brand Pesoplex is especially popular today. From foamed polystyrene also produce cylinders for pipe insulation.

This material is a mixture of water, polyester, emulsifiers, diisocyanate. Catalysts are added to this mixture, a chemical reaction occurs and polyurethane foam is obtained. This is a foamy liquid substance that is applied on the construction of buildings by spraying.

Characteristics:

• density - 40-80 kg / m³ (above 50 kg / m³ insulation becomes moisture resistant);
• thermal conductivity - 0.018-0.027 W / m k;
• water absorption up to 0.05.

In private construction, the PPU is rarely used, but for large volumes of work - this is a claimed material.

This insulation belongs to the group of inorganic thermal insulation materials. It is made by either slags or stone rocks. The second option is occurring more often. Raw materials for production serves basalt, limestone, dolomite and others. The binder is or carbamide, or phenol. By the way, the construction uses phenolic minvat. She has a high coefficient of moisture resistance.

Characteristics:

• thermal conductivity - 0.031-0.05 W / m to;
• density - 75-150 kg / m³;
• withstands the temperature to +600 ° C;
• moisture resistance is not very high.

Add that this is a wonderful soundproofer. The insulation is produced in rolls and mats. Manufacturers also offer cylinders from this material. This is non-combustible material.

It is manufactured from the same raw materials as the glass itself. Compared to Minvata, this insulation has a higher strength due to elongated fibers. It does not burn to chemicals passive.

Characteristics:

• density - 130 kg / m³, no more;
• heat thermal conductivity - 0.028-0.52 W / m to;
• withstands the temperature to +450 ° C;
• high water absorption.

This material is made of paper and cardboard waste. The waste paper is also used, but in this case the quality drops greatly. This insulation is most often used to insulate the crowns in wooden construction.

Characteristics:

• thermal conductivity is an Eco-water - 0.031-0.042 W / m to;
• material density - 30-75 kg / m³;
• parry permeability - 0.3;
• the insulation refers to a group of moderately combustible materials;
• sound absorption with a layer thickness of 50 mm 63 dB.

Felt

Construction felt is an insulation of animal origin. It is most often used in wooden construction, where the external walls, window and doorways are placed by this material. It is often used as a thermal insulation layer under the plaster of wooden ceilings, as well as mixing with clay, as insulation for chimneys.

So that the felt does not become a place of reproduction of moths and other insects producers it is treated with a three-percent solution of sodium fluoride.

Characteristics:

• thermal conductivity of material 0.06 W / m to;
• density - 150 kg / m³;
• strength limit - 2-5 kg \u200b\u200b/ cm².

This is a new thermal insulation material, based on the production of which is lying or chips, finely chopped reed or straw. Cement protrudes as a binder. Chemical additives are necessarily introduced (liquid glass, alumina sulfate and calcium chloride), which increase the technical quality of the material. The finished insulation in the form of blocks is treated with a mineralizer.

Characteristics:

• arbolit density - 500 -700 kg / m³;
• thermal conductivity of the insulator - 0.09-0.13 W / m to;
• compression pressure - 0.6-3.6 MPa;
• bending - 0.5-1.2 MPa.

This fibreboard isolation stove is very similar to chipboard. But in its production is not only wood. Instead, you can use straw, corn cobs with the addition of waste paper. Synthetic resins are added as a binder, plus antiseptic and antipap solutions, as well as hydropobicators. Form of manufacture - stove.

Characteristics:

• density - 250 kg / m³;
• thermal conductivity - 0.07 W / m to;
• bending strength not more than 12 MPa.

Warming is usually made by installing plates on the crate. Most often used for internal works.

This insulation is called differently. One of the names of Mijor. Why? Because in the process of manufacture of insulation, there is an intermediate stage, this is when the aqueous solution of urea formaldehyde resin is severely whipped with the addition of sulfonic acid. This foamed solution is Mijor. Then the glycerin is added to it, which gives the material strength and organic acid, which acts as a catalyst for solidification of the mass.

Penosol is sold in the form of blocks or powder. Powder must be dissolved with water and pour into cavities. At room temperature, hardening occurs.

Characteristics:

• density - 20 kg / ³;
• thermal conductivity - 0.04 W / m to;
• begins to burn at +500 ° C;
• high water absorption;
• low passivity to chemicals.

Comparative analysis

In such a variety of thermal insulation materials, it is difficult to choose the one that will be necessary for certain purposes. We must pay tribute to manufacturers who began to share products on models. For example, insulation of polystyrene foam brand Pesoplex. Suggested models for internal use, for facades, for roofs, and so on. What is specified on the package.

Let's draw a comparison of some insulation among themselves, after which it becomes clear which one is best to choose for thermal insulation.

For example, we take the famous brand Penofol is a heater of foamed polyethylene. Let's start with the fact that the manufacturer supplies this thermal insulator with a double-sided foil layer. 4 mm thick foam foam can replace 80 mm roll mineral wool, 30 mm stove of expanded polystyrene. In addition, there is no need to install hydro and vaporizolation.

But it is impossible to use it under the stucco. In this regard, polystyrene foam plates won. They need to simply apply a plaster grid and can be aligned.

Mineral wool is the cheapest insulation in the market. But his cheapness is imaginary, because for mounting you will have to build a wooden frame that needs to be treated with an antiseptic. That is, all these costs will be reduced to its low cost.

Plus, the entire Ministry of Service is afraid of moisture, and these are two more layers of protective materials. And anyway, along with polystyrene plates, this is a leader in the category of modern insulation.

PPU

As for the polyurethane foam, it is rarely used in private house-building. Too expensive this pleasure. It is impossible to inflict it with your own hands. Special equipment and admission of work is required.

Arbolit and Penosop

These materials are most often used for the insulation of balconies and loggias. Both insulation today compete with cellular concrete blocks.

Unfortunately, as long as they lose due to the non-execution of the brand. Although the thermal insulation characteristics of foam blocks will not be treated. But for the thermal insulation of facades, the arbolite is not a good option.

Conclusion

These are the most popular thermal insulation materials in private house-building. Of course, on this market of insulation, the range has not exhausted its range. There are completely new materials, for example, from foamed polyvinyl chloride.

There are long used, for example, the same chipboard or fibrololite. Or the combined version is a cell insulation, the shell of which is a layered plastic in the form of hexagon cells (hence the name), and as fillers use paper, fabrics, fiberglass, cellulose, and so on.

The selection of insulation for wooden houses, they can be insulated the house outside, and some even inside the house. What types are suitable for a skeleton house? What is the best, consider their characteristics in this article! Correctly spent will not be superfluous in any climatic conditions.

When it is competent, then under her "protection" not only in winter in the house will be warmer, but also in the summer noticeably cool.

Installation of the insulation will create a comfortable microclimate in the room of any destination - in a residential building, office or in the manufacturing workshop.

In addition, heat saving is the obvious economy of finance. It is quite unreasonable to dump the street despite the fact that technologies used today provide the opportunity to make energy resources saving already at the initial stage of construction work. Most of all in the use of insulation, those parts of the building are needed, which are more adjacent to the external environment - and.

The material produced by this method has excellent, besides, it is not a fuel, and therefore does not pose a hazard in fire. But the huge part of the wonderful qualities of the insulation may be irretrievably lost during its wet. This should be considered.

Stone wool

This fibrous material that comes on sale in the form of rolls and portion plates, and having an extremely low thermal conductivity.

The highest quality product is made from rocks called gabbro-basalt. This non-combustible material is equal to successful in the construction of private facilities and the construction of various production. A wide range of use is also explained by the possibility of its use with extremely high t, reaching an indicator of one thousand degrees.

Complete immunity of insulation to fire is complemented by its excellent resistance to humidity. This is a hydrophobic material whose feature is that it does not absorb water, but repels it.

This ensures that the insulation will still be dry even after a long period of time. This, in turn, will allow it to maintain its high performance. The unique properties of basalt wool make it possible to use it even in boiler rooms, baths and saunas, where large humidity are combined, and high temperature. The strength in this case is not directly dependent on the density of the material.

This is a rather soft material with a sufficient margin of strength. Its structural stability is due to the special location of the individual components of the fibers - chaotic and vertical. The material is characterized by high anti-corrosion properties.

It can be quite peacefully adjacent to concrete and metal, without the occurrence of various kinds of chemical reactions. High biological stability ensures that it is immunity to various biological pests: damage insects and rodents, the emergence of fungal diseases,

Basalt breed is the main raw material for the production of this type of wool. The treatment of formaldehyde resins gives the material to the sufficient level of strength, and the modern technologies used in this case guarantee the complete elimination of harmful phenols at the stage of production.

The final product falling towards the consumer is a harmless and environmentally friendly material with high insulating qualities.

It is actively used for the insulation of floors of residential and industrial premises, for thermal insulation of the roof and facades, including as an outdoor insulation.

It has found wide use of indoors with extreme indicators of humidity and temperature. The best basalt insulation, stone wool made from rocks - a guarantee of high-quality for a long time.

Glass wool

The missing 7% comes to the share of specially added flames. The insulation fibers contain lignin, with increasing humidity done by sticky. All the elements are incoming non-toxic, absolutely not volatile and harmless to health. Cellulose insulation is not combustible, rotting processes, has excellent sound insulation and thermal insulation indicators.

It can hold approximately 20% of humidity, while maintaining their working quality. The material gives moisture outside and quickly dries, keeping all its operational qualities. The disadvantage of EcoWats can be considered the difficulty of its manual application to the surface, as well as the impossibility of arranging the "floating gender" due to its inherent softness.

Penosop

Another name of the material is the foam of the carbamide. This is a modern material with high sound and insulating characteristics, which is a cheap insulation. This is a cellular organic foam with a highly low density and low thermal conductivity. The material has a high resistance of fire, resistance to microorganisms, low price. It is easy to process, the air content reaches 90% in it.

The tests carried out demonstrated the possibility of material. It turned out that the time of its operation, as the middle layer of the frame structure, the actual is unlimited. The tests of its fire resistance have shown that the material can be safely attributed to difficulty.

This is the only of the heat-insulating materials of the polymer nature used, which is not at all adapted to independent burning. His indicator of fire-resistant refers it to a subgroup of flammability.

Even in the event of the highest temperature during the fire, when the metal starts to melt, the carbide foam will only become evaporated, and without the release of poisonous or harmful substances.

Izokom

This is a special folgized material (on both sides or only one). It is a fabric of foamed polyethylene, covered outside well polished aluminum foil. These are multilayer pair-sound and heat insulating material, combining completely different qualities.

With the minimum thickness of the insulating layer, it provides remarkable properties of reflection of heat flow, successfully combined with the highest (almost maximum) indicators of thermal resistance. For a properly installed material, it is characterized by an exceptionally effective thermal insulation of the building throughout its contour.

This is harmless, eco-friendly material that is not carrying the threat to the ozone layer. It does not contain glass or other fibers, unsafe for the health of people and animals.

Without changing its exceptional properties, it serves about 50 years, not deformed and without being spoiled during the whole time.

Installation is quite simple and very convenient: it does not need special technique. Excellent protection against steam and moisture. It is applied almost everywhere.

Good thermal insulation will not be superfluous at any temperature. If you fulfill it with high quality and correctly pick up the insulation, during the cold season in the house there will be more heat, and in the summer heat - coolness. Knowing what happens insulation, It is easy to choose the optimal option for the inner or exterior decoration.

A variety of types of thermal insulators

There are several criteria for separating heat insulators to certain groups. The classification is based on the purpose, the form and composition of the materials.

Varieties of insulation in form

When choosing a material on this criterion, you must consider which surface it will be mounted. For external walls, slab or block thermal insulators are more suitable. Inside the house is better to insulate fibrous or rolled materials.

Table 1. Types of thermal insulation materials in shape:

The form	Name	Features
Bulk	Ceramzit, polystyrene, crushed plug	Granulated material. Used to fill the cavities
Loose and fibrous	Equata, glass gamble	Installation is carried out by blowing into the prepared contours or applied by spraying
Slab	Foamed concrete, chipboard	Fixed size sheets and a certain form
Rolled	Basalt wool, polyurethane	Flexible, thicker less plates
Block	Foam concrete	Simultaneously perform the function of the insulation and supporting structure

To correctly pick up the insulation, you need to understand well in his varieties. Then he will last longer and will fulfill its functions fully.

Types of insulation in composition

This classification is based on what kind of raw materials are made products. Inthrivators on a natural basis are more suitable for interior decoration, and artificial materials are used for external thermal insulation or for rooms with high humidity.

Table 2. Classification according to the composition:

Each type of material has its own set of characteristics. On it and determine how suitable for the insulation of a particular object.

Types of insulation on the principle of action

Thermal insulation is two types - reflective and preventing. The first variety reduces heat consumption by lowering the level of infrared light.

Reflecting insulation instead of retention of heat do not allow infrared radiation to freely pass through the walls of the house. They do not pass warmly, but reflect. Most often, aluminum foil is used for these purposes. The surface of this material can reflect 90-97% Heat, which falls on it.

Aluminum foil is placed in several layers. The last layer is covered with polyethylene. A similar insulation does not occupy a lot of space, but at the same time it retains a comfortable microclimate in the house and simultaneously performs a vapor polypoletor function.

Reflecting Type of Heater - Aluminum Foil

The second type implies the use of insulation with low thermal conductivity. For its manufacture, various groups of materials are used - organic and inorganic. Such thermal insulators operate on a specific mechanism. Their role is to slow down the process of passing the heat - so that it does not go out as long as possible.

What are insulation for walls

To select the heat insulator for the walls, you first need to figure it out in its views and their specifications.

"The main property of the insulation is the degree of thermal conductivity. This is an indicator of the amount of heat that can skip this material. "

For interior decoration, materials of organic origin are used. Made using natural raw materials - waste of the woodworking industry or agricultural products. Additional components are plastic and cement. Each view has its own characteristics.

Arbolit

For its manufacture use crushed sawdust, wood chips and stalks of the root. Cement with calcium chloride and alumina is used as a binding component.

Arbolite insulation

Properties of Arbolita:

• ecology - 90% consists of organic substances;
• almost not amazed mold and fungus;
• provides good noise insulation and air exchange;
• low heat conductivity - no more than 0.12 W / (m * k);
• easy withstands frost, fireproof.

The material is perfectly handled. It can be cut into parts, screw the screws into it or clog nails. From this he will not crumble and does not break.

Chopping plate

90% consists of crushed chips. The remaining 10% comes to formaldehyde resins and antiseptics. The material is also impregnated with antipirens - substances that increase its fire resistance.

Chipboard characteristics:

• homogeneous structure;
• environmental friendliness;
• resistance to temperature drops;
• humidity - in the range of 5-10%;
• easy installation.

"To choose high-quality plates, you need to focus on your sense of smell. If products do not smell, it means it is completely safe for health. The chipboard with an increased synthetic resins is present a pronounced smell of chemistry. "

Chopping plate

The plates are weak by the strength of the edge. So that they do not crumble, the sheets need to be adjusted to each other with the maximum density. They also cannot withstand a large bending load, so they can do.

Polyethylene foamed

It has a porous structure. Consists of polyethylene and foaming component based on hydrocarbon.

Polyethylene foamed

Differs in the following set of characteristics:

• provides good vapor barrier;
• almost does not absorb moisture;
• not affected by chemicals and rotting;
• withstands the temperature from -40 to +100 degrees;
• serves as a reliable noise insulator.

Foamed polyethylene is produced in rolls.

Fibrololite

The base for the material is wood chips. Magnezit or cement is added to it as a binding component. Sold in the form of plates.

Fibrolite stove

The peculiarities of this insulation include:

• fire safety;
• ability to absorb noise;
• low thermal conductivity - up to 0.1 W / (m * k);
• increased resistance to the aggressive chemical environment.

Suitable for insulation walls in rooms with plentiful humidity - for the pool or bathroom.

Price for fiber plate plates

Fibrolite stove

Cotoplast insulation

Its composition contains cells in the form of a hexagon. In appearance, they resemble honeycombs. Raw materials for material performs cellulose, fiberglass or special fabrics. From above honeycombs are covered with a thin layer of film. For ligaments, the fibers are used epoxy or phenolic resin. The outer side of the heat insulator is a sheet of plastic.

Insulation in the form of corrugated canvas

Distinctive properties of the insulation:

• absorbs noises;
• long keeps heat;
• fireproof;
• he strongly absorbs moisture.

"The strength of the corrugated canvas is small, therefore it is not used as an independent heat insulator - only with asbestos and aluminum in the form of a three-layer panel."

Ekwata.

The basis for her serves paper and cardboard waste. If you put the eco-house with a continuous spraying, there will be no seams on the surface of the walls.

Ekwata.

The peculiarities of the material include:

• high noise insulation;
• health safety;
• quickly absorbs moisture;
• long keeps heat.

But over time, the thermal insulation coefficient is reduced, because the material loses up to 20% of its initial volume.

Corkscrews

At the same time can perform the function of the insulation and finishing material. The raw material for it serves as a cork tree. It is first crushed, and then pressed. Corkscreen wallpapers can be left in a natural form or covered with varnish.

Cork insulation

They differ in the following characteristics:

• environmental friendliness;
• long service life;
• refractory;
• excellent sound insulation.

The material also has antistatic and antimicrobial properties. In any room with cork wallpaper, an optimal microclimate is created.

Stone wool. Benefits.

What are the facade insulation

Facade insulation

"The correct choice of insulation and its high-quality installation provides uniform heating in the room due to the free circulation of heated air. The outer layer of the heat insulator longer keeps heat, which allows the walls to be dry. It protects them from premature destruction. "

Outdoor thermal insulation has other advantages. Due to it, it is provided:

• protection of the facade from the aggressive impact of the external environment;
• additional noise insulation;
• unhindered "breathing" walls.

Different types of materials apply as insulation.

"Warm" plaster

As the basis for the preparation of this mixture, cement mortar uses, only instead of sand adds the following components:

• chopped pumice;
• perlite sand;
• crumbs of clay;
• polystyrene foam in granules.

"Warm" plaster on the facade of the building

This composition provides good vapor permeability and sound insulation. "Warm" plaster does not absorb moisture and refers to non-combustible materials. She protects the house from the invasion of bacteria. Through a thick layer of plaster mold with microbes cannot penetrate inside.

But under the influence of high temperatures, wind or rain, the degree of thermal insulation gradually decreases.

Thermophali.

At the same time, perform the function of the insulation and finishing material. It is not suiced, which is explained by the presence of a complex of positive qualities.

Thermophali.

Thermopanels are distinguished by the following characteristics:

• extensive color palette;
• variety of textures;
• durability;
• health safety;
• aesthetic appeal;
• little weight.

In this case, the material is easy to mount. Additionally, it provides protection against fungi and microbes.

Prices for thermopanels

Thermophali.

Polyurene Foolder

It consists of polyester and emulsifiers. Different with a peniously cell structure. Applied by spraying, so suitable for the walls of a complex configuration.

Heat insulator from polyurethane foam

This insulation easily withstands the temperature differences. It is completely fireproof.

Features of the material:

• long keeps heat;
• almost does not miss steam and moisture;
• high resistance to fungi and mold;
• not subject to corrosion;
• well absorbs noises.

It is also resistant to chemical influence. It is not deformed by contact with acid, gasoline or alcohol. Polyurethane foam is an unattractive material for pests and insects. The average service life is from 50 years, but under the influence of ultraviolet, it gradually collapses.

Styrofoam

Material with a porous structure manufactured by foaming. It consists of small granules, tightly adjacent to each other. The greater the indicators of its density, the stronger the material.

Heater from foam

Foam characteristics:

• moisture resistance;
• long service life - from 60 years;
• resistance to extreme temperatures;
• does not be exposed to bacteria and fungus.

This is the cheapest of all kinds of insulation. From above on foam, it is recommended to apply a layer of facade plaster, otherwise it will be prone to deformation.

Prices for foam

Styrofoam

Video - How to choose a thickness of foam for insulation

Basalt insulation

It includes basalt fiber, which is produced on the basis of natural minerals.

Heat insulator from basalt

Differs in the following set of qualities:

• increased porosity - up to 70%;
• low thermal conductivity;
• resistance to temperature drops and chemical impact;
• high vapor permeability - the material remains dry with any weather;
• low weight;
• high strength.

Basalt insulation is considered completely safe for health.

Foam concrete

Refers to block-type thermal insulators. His strength is the same as in ordinary concrete. The difference is only in the structure - she has a porous foam concrete. To make it, a foaming component is added to the composition of concrete.

Foam concrete

Specifications of material:

• it is not amenable to rotting, not covered with mold;
• life time - from 25 years old;
• low weight;
• environmental friendliness;
• low thermal conductivity;
• protects the building from dampness by creating an optimal microclimate in it.

Foam concrete can be easily cut or screw the screws into it, which simplifies the process of its installation.

Foamglo

It is a glass panels treated with a special composition. In the process of processing, the glass changes its structure - becomes finely. Due to this, its thermal insulation characteristics increase:

• strength;
• resistance to chemicals;
• low flammable.

Penodoneglo simultaneously serves as a decorative trim.

Insulation of foam glass

"The optimal period for the manufacture of facade works is since the end of spring and before the beginning of autumn, when the average air temperature is + 5-25 degrees. The thermal insulation of the facades is undesirable to carry out in a strong cold or heat - it reduces its quality and deadlines. "

Heaters for a wooden house

Wood is considered a special type of materials. The walls made of it should be well ventilated and in contact with moisture. Therefore, not all types of thermal insulators are suitable for wooden buildings. Most of all, mineral wool or foaming is suitable for this purpose.

"Polyfoam for the insulation of a wooden house cannot be used. He will prevent the tree to "breathe" normally. As a result, condensate is formed on the walls, which will lead to the appearance of fungus and mold, wood will start rotting. "

Mineral wool

It has a fibrous structure, made from molten glass with the addition of rock. It has a good set of characteristics:

• easily withstands high temperatures;
• does not affect chemicals;
• low thermal conductivity;
• excellent sound insulation;
• elasticity, ease of installation;
• environmental friendliness;
• lifetime within 30-80 years.

Produced in rolls or plates. Rolled insulation is more often used for large buildings, and the plates are for small houses. Does not require additional fixation.

Mineral wool

"When working with it, it is necessary to use protective clothing and a mask."

Rodents do not eat this material, but if you don't cover it on top, they can settle in it. Mineral wool can be insulated at home made of wooden bar and framework technology.

Prices for Minvatu

Penosop

The texture resembles a conventional foam, but the mechanism of action is like an assembly. Material is applied to a special framework. During the day, he dries out and becomes hard.

Penosop

Features of foamizol:

• medium level of vapor permeability;
• fully fireproof - may be mad itself in case of fire;
• no moisture is afraid;
• when installing itself fills the existing emptiness.

To work with this material you will need special tools.

What are the dimensions of the insulation

Insulation dimensions important criterion

What happens insulation

The main criterion when choosing the size of the heat insulator is its thickness. Length and width of the big role do not play. They are taken into account only when calculating the required amount of materials. The dimensions of the insulation depend on its belonging to a certain type.

Table 3. Insulation dimensions:

When buying materials, you need to pay attention to the area of \u200b\u200bthe roll or stove. It is usually indicated on the package. To calculate how much the insulation is needed, you need to perform the following steps:

1. Calculate the perimeter of the building - fold the length and width. This amount is multiplied by 2.
2. Measure the height and multiply this value on the perimeter of the house.
3. The resulting value is divided into one roll or plate area.
4. Multiply a given number by 0.15.

Warming at home

To reduce heating costs and keep warm in the house for a long time, it is necessary to choose a high-quality heat insulator. If you need to warm the house outside, it is better to use inorganic materials - they are less exposed to the external environment.

Video - how to insulate the facade of the house without experience, do it yourself

For interior decoration, insulation from natural materials will be suitable. Knowing the technical characteristics of each type you can easily choose the optimal version of the heat insulator for your home.