Electronic thermostat for boiler. General issues on the repair of accumulative water heaters. The most common breakdowns

In domestic boilers, the thermal sensor serves an unpretentious thermostat of capillary type. In most cases, its operation is quite high. After three years, I have failed. In the city it is not found. Tell me how to make the simplest thermostat for the water heater with your own hands?

Our expert answers the question:

The thermal sensor in domestic boilers can be replaced by an electronic temperature regulator. The scheme is easy to find. The scheme is most often used - the thermostat on the TL 431 stabilion.

The main components of the thermostat

There are several options for its varieties. Small changes in the original scheme allow to achieve smooth temperature control:

• a variable resistor (33 kΩ) is shifted towards a larger temperature to obtain smooth adjustment;
• the functions of the 7805 stabilizer can take the same domestic production of KR142EN5A;
• the switch is changed to the CM1-1 button;
• you can make a stabilization of 12V, replacing the stabilion and the transistor on the KR142EN8B.
• you can connect a color indicator that will signal the standby mode for subsequent inclusion;
• the CL102 Power Indicator LED is mounted on the housing.

The thermal sensor itself is mounted at the bottom of the cumulative water heater through the hermetic tube. Its length depends on the capacity of the water heater and is half the length of the tank. In this tube and the capillary thermostat sensor is set.

Sequencing

The sensor failed can be replaced as follows:

• prepare the PUNL 2x1.5 wire 50-60 centimeters;
• remove the isolation from the wire along the length of 40 centimeters and one in the core wrap the FMU ribbon;
• take the thermistor and solder the wires of the wire;
• wipe the whole design throughout the entire length;
• one edge is treated with pin-lacquer, blocks are installed on the second.

The resulting device is placed in the tube and is fixed with a simple tape. This is done to quickly extract the thermostat if necessary.

The prepared electronic circuit is connected to the thermal sensor by shielded wire that helps reduce interference. The contacts that the previous sensor connected, otherwise the circuit will remain open.

The design is ready for work, however, it looks not very beautiful. The principle of "minimal intervention" allows you to return everything to its original position.

Video: thermostat repair on a water heater

Thermostat for the water heater is a special regulator that automates the work of the boiler. To which temperature to warm the water and when to turn off the boiler from the network - only this node is "knows". Therefore, the thermostat not only controls, but also automates the operation of the water heater.

In addition, this block is a kind of "fuse", which saves not only the owner's wallet, but also the integrity of the water heater itself and the serviced structure. After all, extra "degrees" is not only extra "kilowatts", weighing an electricity bill. From overheating can "burn" not only the water heater, but also the structure itself, where it was installed.

In a word, a thermostat for a water heater is a common node that must be present in each boiler. After all, without such a device, any boiler is just a huge "boiler", mounted in a tank drive. A combination does not guarantee the effective operation of the device, nor the security of the owner.

Therefore, in this article we will look at the principle of operation, a typical range and methods for replacing thermostats for boilers.

How does the thermostat work?

Tubular electric heater - TEN - with a thermostat for a storage type water heater reduces the energy intensity of a similar device, provides a safe operation of a pressure capacity and automates the entire operation of the boiler.

Similar results are explained by the work of only one node of the boiler's design - thermostat.

After all, this element functions as follows:

• When water heated to the "desired degree", the regulator temperature relay opens the contacts of the tubular electric heater.
• After reducing the temperature in the drive of the relay "Includes" contacts and Ten begins to warm up the water.

As a result, the "stock" of water heated to the desired temperature is stored in the boiler. Moreover, in the empty tank of the boiler, the relay must turn off the power of the heating element, while working on the temperature of the TEN. Therefore, this element is mounted on one console with an electric heater.

In addition, the thermostat does not give water to boil a very long time, increasing pressure in the tank. That is, this regulator also works as a fuse, saving the integrity of the water heater and the life of the boiler owner. After all, the pairs formed after the boiling fluid can break the boiler body, turning the peaceful water heater in a practically combat explosive device.

Typical varieties of thermostats?

In modern boilers, three typical varieties of regulators are used, namely:

This is the cheapest and, until recently, the most common type of regulators. Such a thermostat works on the basis of thermal expansion of the 40-centimeter rod, the dimensions of which increased as the water temperature increases and decreased as the fluid cooling. Moreover, the "enlarged" rod turned off the power of the TEN, and the "reduced" - turned on the heating of water. The first regulator of this type was a thermostat for thermack water heater. However, such a device served as a standard of thermostats not very long. Quite quickly, it turned out that when the cold water was filled into the boiler tank, the rod of the rod decreases in the sizes, activating the tan for boiling already decently preheated water.

Therefore, stronger resellers gradually come out of everybody, while remaining on the market only as a spare part to the old models of boilers.

The cost of such a thermostat is 400-1500 rubles.

for a storage water heater, this is a more perfect species of the stray detector. This regulator works on the basis of the entire thermal expansion. Only in this case in the volume is not the rod, and the liquid soldered in the tube, the "grace" on the switch / switch of the TEN.

Using a similar design solution, you can level the problem of "zeroing" signal from the thermostat sensor in the event of a cold water supply to the tank. Therefore, all budget models of boilers are still equipped with such devices.

The cost of the capillary regulator is up to 3000 rubles.

this is the most advanced model of the regulator, equipped with two sensors that control the temperature of the water and track the fact of overheating of the TEN. The electronic controller operates on the basis of a change in the resistance of the sensor under the action of increasing temperature.

Moreover, controlling the dielectric properties of the active element of the sensor can be controlled by the work of the boiler, "programming" heating and cooling with an accuracy of the pair-triple degrees. As a result, electronic versions of the thermostat ensure the maximum energy efficiency of the boiler.

By purchasing a water heater with an electronic thermostat, you will save money for electricity bills. However, the side regulator is not cheap.

For example, the electronic thermostators for ariston will have to pay up to 9,000 rubles.

Replacing the thermostat of the water heater

If the water heater is under warranty or your manufacturer suggested a sufficiently long period of free service, then it is better to replace the thermostat on the shoulders of professionals.

If the warranty and the period of the free service have already run out, then you can try to replace the thermostat on your own.

To do this, do the following:

• Disable the boiler from the network.
• To block the "cold" pipeline, stopping the water supply to the heater capacitance.
• Drain the water from the boiler by opening the "hot" valve of the nearest crane.
• Remove the bottom cover of the housing, exposing the mounting nozzle of the TEN.
• Disassemble the clamping ring of the Ten.
• Remove the thermostat sensors and remove the control unit.
• Mounted the "Fresh" thermostat, chosen by the boiler or manufacturer's guidelines.
• Install the clamping ring and the lid.

In the final, the crane is closed, include the flow of cold water, check the tightness of the joints and include a boiler into the outlet.

The electrical heater accumulative consists of the following elements:

• tank or body;
• thermally insulation of polyurethane;
• the inner tank is a container in contact with water, covered with glass fluorfor, enamel or stainless steel;
• magnesium anode that protects against corrosion;
• heating elements (TEN);
• thermostat for temperature adjustment;
• safety valve for resetting overpressure in the tank.

Thermostat, like TEN, is important components of electrical water heaters. TEN heats water, and the thermostat is responsible for maintaining, adjusting and heating water to the required temperature. In addition, it is also responsible for the safety of the device, because it turns off the TEN, when the water temperature becomes critical and steam begins to form.

Types of thermostats (thermostators) and work principle

Typically, the following types of thermostators are used in water heaters:

• core (bimetallic);
• capillary;
• electronic.

The principle of operation of the capillary thermostat is pneumatic. The pressure inside the flask with the gas, to which the thermostat is concluded, varies depending on the temperature. The change in the pressure is transmitted to electrical contacts through the pneumuter in the capillary.

Electronic safety thermostat and adjusting is a more expensive thermostat for the water heater. The water temperature in the boiler is inversely proportional to the resistance of the electronic sensor. It is according to this principle that the temperature of the water heater is controlled.

Briefly, the principle of operation of any thermostat can be formulated as follows:

1. The required temperature level is set (lever, button, switch).
2. The thermostat measures the water temperature and includes heating (TEN), if necessary.
3. After the desired temperature value is achieved, the thermostat breaks the chain and turns off the TEN.
4. As soon as the water cools, the thermostat is activated again for the water heater, the chain is closed and water is heated.

Submersible heating element - Ten

Such elements are a thin tube of copper or steel with a metal high resistance wire and magnesium oxide inside for electrical insulation. Mounted in the same flange, where both the thermostat for the water heater, and the anode (magnesium). Submersible elements reliably protected from waterAnd their operating temperature reaches 300-400 degrees. Distinguish beans in shape, power, size. Connecting elements is carried out to one or three phases.

The advantages of the submersible elements:

• optimal combination of price and quality;
• high efficiency and reliability.

The design of the element is similar to a submersible type, with one difference alone, that the case of such a tan is made of refractory ceramic tubes. Mounted ceramic Tan In an enameled case with a thermostat and anode.

Pros of such elements:

• fast and convenient replacement of elements in the event of a breakdown that does not require water drain;
• enamelized case coating completely protects against corrosion;
• resistance to the formation of scale, since a large area of \u200b\u200belements does not allow them to overheat.

One of the most important parts for the water heater is a thermostat. It is the thermostat for a water heater supports a constant water temperature, protects against overheating, if necessary, performs operations on the disconnection and turning on the water heater. It is the thermostat that provides the ability to set the temperature, and maintain automatic modes.

Basic principles of thermostat

Each thermostat for the water heater works in the same principle, regardless of the manufacturer. The thermostat is equipped screw designwhere the user is set to the user. After screwing the valve, the cutting into the water heater begins to flow cold and hot, after the adjustment processes begin to work.

To obtain the desired temperature in the water heater, hot water owns. It enters until it reaches the specified parameters, only on this condition begins mixing with cold. Depending on the type of water heater - flow or accumulative, the power of the Tan is selected. Most often, it is in flowing heaters It has a big power.

How to choose the thermostat

When choosing a heater or additional thermostat installation, you should remember that heating Buck And the thermostat itself gives different warranty conditions. This is due to the fact that many skillful owners of the water heater, with different types of breakdowns are taken for independent repair. The most frequent damage to the thermostat:

• copper capillary tube very sensitive to mechanical damage; After it failed, it is impossible to repair it, you should only replace it with a new one;
• poor clutch of electrical connectors of the thermostat and tan;
• the insufficient amount of hot water relative to the total power of the water heater may be due to incorrect adjusting Tan;
• too hot water speaks about the failure of the thermostat adjusting design;
• if the scale was formed and its number exceeds the permissible norm, the thermostat will be very often turned on and off;
• the failure of the electric component of the water heater is most often due to constant voltage drops on the network; To ensure work safety, you need to install a uninterruptible power supply or voltage stabilizer.

If necessary, replace the thermostat for the water heater you need to know which species exist:

• Thermostat sterneva - It consists of a steel rod, which is designed to be placed in the tube of the Tan. Depending on the power and volume of the water heater, the length of the rod thermostat is determined. It ranges from 25 to 45 centimeters.
• Thermostat, which consists of a polyester case. The switching device (thermal regulator) is built into it. Such a device is called capillary. The principle of its work is arranged on the basis of the volume of expansion fluid in the capillary tube. The expansion fluid acts on the membrane installed in the thermostat and switches the electrocontact.
• Electronic thermostats are two types: adjusting and security thermostat. Their work is arranged in the same way as the work of fuses that have certain resistance.

The thermostat for the water heater is one part that is the basis of the entire functioning of the boiler. With properly selected technical characteristics and the execution of all operating conditions, the water heater will serve for a long time without cleaning and breakdowns.

The thermostat for the water heater is a rather important part. It is on him that he is responsible for maintaining a certain temperature at a constant level. The thermostat for the water heater is able to exercise slow temperature adjustment, as well as it is equipped with a device that protects it from cooling and overheating. If necessary, it makes inclusion and disconnection of the type, that is, the Tan.

This device gives the user the ability to set a specific mode of operation, and also maintains the temperature level in automatic mode. If the water temperature decreases, it turns on the Tan, so that the temperature is raised to a certain specified level.

The thermostat for the water heater has a specific principle of operation. It is worth saying that all types of water heaters are similar. On the screw, which is equipped with each thermostat, a certain required water temperature is set. When the swelling valve is spinning, hot and cold water begins to the mixer system, then the adjustment process starts. The temperature is measured in the chamber, after which the warm water is mixed with the cold in the necessary proportions. When filing water to mix the advantage is available in hot, so it will arrive until its temperature is higher than the established indicator. After that, the process of mixing it with cold water will be launched. Thanks to this fact, it is possible to explain that the thermostat for the water heater does not react so quickly. However, a particular inconvenience, the user is usually not experiencing.

If the thermostat for the water heater is mounted in the system, where there is no circulation of warm water, then cold water is not excluded in the incoming jet at the initial stage. In systems where there is a circulation of warm water, the thermostat adjusts the desired temperature in a moment.

Cumulative and flow units are usually supplied with different heating elements. Usually, the Tan in flow models have a higher power. That is why the choice should be carried out only after you decide with its purpose.

The electrical thermostat may have a normal closed or normally open bakelite. Often the owners of water heaters are solved on their own repair. The thermostat for the water heater "Ariston" and other firms is an electrical part, so it is worth remembering that the tank itself and the warranties are given different. If you need to replace some kind of water heater element or repair it, it is worth contacting the service center or directly to the manufacturer, where you can find out whether it is subject to warranty repair. It is important that the appropriate thermostat model was available.

If you are interested in where you can buy this device when your failed, it is worth noting that most companies engaged in the production of similar equipment provide delivery throughout the country. For example, the thermostat for the thermomex water heater you can order on the house. It is easy to replace it alone by using simple recommendations.