Cold color or gloomy sound. Color theory. Warm and cold colors. Tone and halftone. Cold purple color photo

What is the color temperature and what does it affect? The concept of warm and cold colors in color differs from generally accepted in the study of the exact sciences, it determines not real physical properties, but the perception of his person, the effect on the well-being and mood. Although these knowledge and subjective, they are tested by many years of practice in areas such as art, design or color therapy. Stylists and makeup artists in addition to the color temperature work with the temperature of the shade. The temperature of the color and the shade is often confused, so we will examine them separately.

Temperature color.

It has long been known about the psychological effects of color on people and some animals, especially if large areas are painted. Therefore, distinguish with warm or cold color is relevant when choosing a color hammer of interiors.

This experience is supported by research. It turned out that cold colors are lowered, and warm raise blood circulation. For example, the room was painted in a certain color and people were proposed to determine the temperature. In the premises painted in blue and green people felt the temperature of 2-3 degrees lower than in the room painted in red and orange. It is not random the designation in a cold-blue source, hot - red on taps with water, thermometers and other objects. These domestic designations are further fixed by temperature and color associations in consciousness. Reinforce associations and natural phenomena. Sky, ice, water, have blue shades. Sun, fire, sand - orange.

How to determine warm or cold color?

Color temperature is easy to determine using. It happens absolute and relative.

Absolute color temperature.

We divide the color circle into two halves. On the upper pole is the warmest color - orange. It is considered the warmest, because it does not have cold shades, later we will consider this property in more detail. On the lower pole is the coldest color - blue. On the sides of the color circle are neutral by color temperature - green and purple. Both are formed with a mixture of cold and warm color, green - yellow and blue, purple - red and blue. All colors of the upper half are considered warm, and the bottom is cold.

Achromatic colors: white, black and gray belong to neutral.

Relative temperature. Cold and warm shades of colors.

Understanding the relative temperature is important when working with several colors and color palette. It helps, for example, transfer space and volume with color on an image or surface.

In addition to orange and blue, all colors can be both warm and cold relative to others. With the help of the color circle, it is also simple as an absolute temperature. The heat is reduced as it approaches the lower pole and blue color, for example, red or yellow will be cold orange, and the lemon or majer is cold red and yellow. The same principle acts in raising warmth: blue and purple will be warmer blue, turquoise and purple still warmer. Temporary gradations are particularly visible in and palettes.

Color can be warm or cold not only with respect to other colors, but also to its own shades.

Cold and warm shades of colors.

With the determination of the temperature of the shade, the complexity occurs most often. Such concepts as a cold red or warm red are firmly entered into use, but not everyone understands the same thing under them. First, the relative temperature of the shade is often confused with color temperature. Secondly, subjectivity: there is no accurate determination where red ends and ends. Meanwhile, the ability to determine cold and warm tones is important when working with human appearance, such as the definition of coloring and selection of individual color palettes. This skill can be developed with the help of experience and understanding of a simple principle.

Any color other than orange may have warm, neutral and cold shades. How to determine the temperature of the shade using the color circle?

We take any color and determine its borders. Then we find an approximate center. Color shades lying on the orange side will be warm. From the side of blue - cold. Intermediate colors without impurities of warm or cold are called local or neutral.

Take to start green. It is formed by warm yellow and cold blue colors. A cold or warm green shade is obtained due to the retention of blue or yellow. Moving up to yellow, we get warm shades, down to blue - cold.

The same principle acts when determining other colors, for example, yellow. Approaching orange, color warms. Going down, yellow acquires greenish, lemon, cold shade. Neutral yellow does not have an explicit greenish or orange lowrow.

Orange color is highlighted. It is the warmest and only color that does not have cold shades. In addition, it spreads heat to the environment. Nearest colors: yellow-orange and orange-red are also exclusively warm.

Red. Here the same principle works: the upper shades, highlighted by yellow, warm, the bottom on the side of purple - cold.

Purple color itself is neutral, like green, it is formed by a mixture of cold and warm colors. A large proportion of red makes it warm, blue - cold. From the point of view of use in warm or cold gamms, this is quite complex color. Differences of warm purple from a cold red or cold purple from purple is difficult to catch. It is difficult to highlight the local magenta.

The same difficulties with the definition of borders belong to purple. When adding red, it warms, blue - cold.

The definition of the temperature determination is that there are no accurate and generally accepted delimitation, where the warm shade of one color ends and the cold shade of the other begins. There are no clear boundaries and local shades. Usually, when we are dealing with the main colors: red, blue, yellow and green this division is understandable intuitively, to distinguish between other colors helps experience.

Blue color is the coldest out of the whole palette, it is an orange antipode. But if orange makes neighboring colors exclusively warm and does not have cold shades, it does not possess blue similar properties. Conditionally, you can select a warm blue color. Some believe that the blue by definition cannot be warm, but the warm gamma of colors can contain both blue, if it is correct to pick it up. Its cold, they are local shades are located in the middle, and warmly around the edges: on the one hand, blue is highlighted yellow, with the other red. These shades will be warmer relative to cold blue.

Separately highlight blue-green colors. Here, the heat-coldness is conditional and depends on whether to allocate them into a separate group with its local color or viewed in the composition of green and blue shades.

So, we approached the effect on the temperature of the color of lightweight and saturation. Up to this point, we considered the properties of heat-coldness on clean colors and one parameter - tone. But this is not enough, since most often have to deal with complex colors, in which there is an admixture of achromatic, that is, to take into account all three parameters. Svetlota varies with the addition of white and black, saturation - with the addition of gray.

The temperature of the achromatic colors.

Pure relate to neutral. However, in nature it is difficult to find absolutely neutral gray, white or black, there are always a turn in them in any side. So, cold or warm white color is obtained from impurities of other tones. Yellow-red make it warm, blue-cold. The same applies to gray and black.

Temperature of mixed colors.

For clarity here will be convenient to return to and look at its vertical cut. At the edges there are cold and warm poles of the color circle, in the center - neutral colors. Moving from extreme temperature characteristics to the middle, the color approaches the opposite pole and thus neutralized. In other words, with a decrease in saturation, increasing or decrease in lightness, the color will be mixed with neutral achromatic and itself becomes neutral.

Warm group - red, yellow, become less warm, their diluted shades seem colder.

Dilution with gray and black color faster changes the character of bright yellow and lemon shades, they seem greenish and cold.

Orange color does not acquire cold shades, but becomes neutral. With dilution, it quickly ceases to be recognizable and turns into brown.

Blue and purple with the addition of white and gray lose cold properties and seem warmer.

As you can see, using the color circle it is easy to distinguish cold shades from warm. Difficulties arise with the definition of blue-red and blue-green shades, it all depends on what color is local. Complicated and mixed colors are complicated clean in the definition of heat-coldness. Here it is necessary to distinguish the nuances and see how the same tone varies with the solesterus and saturation.

Warm, cold, chromatic, achromatic, and why they are needed.

1. All colors are divided into chromatic and achromatic.

Achromatic colors - It is white, black and all shades of gray.

Chromatic colors - These are all the colors of the visible spectrum from red to violet and their shades, simply speaking, is a rainbow.

The whole color spectrum in turn is divided into warm and cold colors.

It is very simple to distinguish them.
All colors that are associated with fire, sun, heat, warmth, in summer - belong to the warm color scheme.
All colors that are associated with cold, boat, ice, winter, depth - refer to cold colors.

The color circle clearly seen what colors are considered cold, and what warm.

Green can be warm (if there is more yellow) and cold (if there is more blue in it), just as purple, pink, brown and other complex colors, can be warm and cold, depending on the shade.

Now they will be useful for us, and still brushes of different sizes, paints watercolor or gouache.

Recall childhood and coloring, and at the same time learn how to mix colors and shades. And even at the same time we will learn, more accurately and gently work with paints.

One sheet with figures pull out the shades of paints in the cold range, as on my drawing, the other - in the warm gamma. Try mixing the colors so that all the figures have different shades and tones.

In working with gouashevthere are differences with paints and watercolor.

White color is not used in watercolor, and in order to make the paint lighter watercolor bore stronger with water and write a transparent layer, and to write a white place on a sheet just cover paper with clean water, or even leave this place white, clean, because the paper is on white, clean which is written watercolor usually white. So that the watercolor lay down to a smooth layer or gentle divorces, the paper is moisturized and waiting for moisture in paper absorbed, and then apply paint.

In the gouashe paints use white color. Therefore, to obtain bright pastel shades, color gouache is mixed with her whites. The gouache paints are applied with dense opaque strokes, and it is not necessary to use white paper for the base, the gouache can be written on gray or color cardboard.
To work with any water-soluble paints, it is better to take a more dense paper that when drying the paper did not breed. Special paper for watercolor is sold in stores, on which the color of watercolor after drying will not fuss, and the bright remains. But not all paper for watercolor has such a property, I found such paper for myself, by samples in practice.

Here is an example of watercolor, the basis of which is made in the cold range, which is why the warm (yellow-orange) strokes of the middle of the Iris attract. Iris petals are written by a transparent layer, watercolor strongly diluted with water. White paint in this work was not used.

How to distinguish cold and warm shades?

Temperature is one of the most important characteristics of the color that determines cold or warm is one or another shade, and most importantly, what type of appearance it goes.

As you know, warm color,5s: the outbreaks and the bench are warm shades, and cold: winter and summer are cold.

So, any color may have warm and cold shades, depending on which components it consists. What does it mean?

When adding blue or blue to any color, we get a cold shade, and when adding yellow or orange - warm.

Take for example one of the 7 colors of the rainbow - blue. At first glance, the blue can be found in cold colors. First, it is when adding a blue in any other color that it acquires a cold shade, secondly, on the subconscious level, the blue is always associated with a cold.

However, if we add yellow in blue (Fig. 1), we will get a turquoise tint, with the predominance of greenish "notch" in its composition, completely opposite to our original shade.

If we add in blue blue (Fig. 2), it will become more rich and cold and will also differ significantly from the original blue.

We will conduct a similar experiment with one of the "warm" colors - for example, red.

Take a neutral scarlet color that has no temperature, that is, it is neither warm or cold. We will add all the same yellow to the red, - we get a saturated coral shade, close to orange color.

In the original scarlet, we will add the same blue color as in the first example, we will get a saturated cherry color, cold temperatures.

Such experiments can be carried out with absolutely any colors, playing with the saturation of warm and cold components in their composition and getting an infinite set of different shades.

Based on this, you can draw the following conclusion: any color can have warm or cold shades that either emphasize your natural flavor, or, on the contrary, it "muffles", making features with gray, dull and lifeless.

The only color that can never have a cold shade is orange.

When adding blue or blue to this color, the color becomes gray, which is one of the properties of complimar colors. Consequently, girls with a cold flavor of appearance are extremely recommended to framing the face with orange color.

Consider the color circle, clearly showing us the transition of colors from warm to cold.

As you know, there are 3 main colors: red, yellow and blue, and all others are derived from them, that is, the result of mixing these 3 colors in a particular proportion.

Orange is obtained by adding yellow to red, green - yellow in blue, etc.

We see that moving clockwise in a color circle, the colors are moving from warm in cold and on the contrary: the red gradually turns into an orange, and orange in yellow (due to the increase in the yellow component in their composition), yellow gradually turns into green, and green - In the blue (by adding the blue component to the composition), the blue gradually moves into blue, purple, pink, and turns into a red again (due to the addition of the red component to the composition).

Knowing how one or another is achieved, you can easily learn to distinguish any shades.

Now that you know, due to which warm and cold shades are achieved, you can move to practice, namely, the eye training for the recognition of warm and cold shades.

I want to warn you right away that the ability to spread colors is exclusively the work of practice.

Many are recognized that at the beginning they cannot distinguish the cold shade from warm and vice versa. This is normal. Our vision, like hearing, can and need to develop every day.

The more you will train: analyze the colors of your wardrobe, shades that are represented in stores, magazines and simply on passersby on the street, the more you will be apparent to the difference between warm and cold, contrasting and muted, light and dark tones.

The illustration above is a visual example of how the color can change your shade, from warm to cold.

Warm brown gradually moves to the shade of bitter chocolate and lilac, cooling (warm yellow), lowering the temperature goes into the canary and lime color, and even the most neutral and, it would seem, colorless gray also changes its shade from warm gray-brown (Taur) to Mouse gray and color of wet asphalt.

How can you apply these knowledge in practice?

Task number 1.

Suppose you came to the store in search of another summer dress.

Trendy magazines and blogs are trying to articles on the topic of the relevance of the green color this season, so you stop your view exactly on the dresses in the green color scheme, but do not know which shade will be suitable for you.

Knowing your color (take for example the summer), you want to pick a shade closest to your natural flavor, i.e. Cold and preferably muted.

Which of the 4 dresses do you choose?

The first dress in the shade of "Khaki" is very close in color to yellow shades of green, located on the color circle, and, therefore, has a warm shade. This dress is suitable for the autumn color.

The color of the second dress reminds us with clean green shades in the color circle, which also have a warm subtock. This dress is perfect for a girl in spring. Spring colorage.

The third dress has a saturated emerald shade with a cold bluish sampling, perfectly suitable in winter.

The last dress in turquoise color reminds us bluish-green tones on a color circle, practically passing into a blue color. The shade of this dress is quite cold and muted, so it is from the entire range that it is the summer of summer.

Task number 2.

Relisting your wardrobe, you found 4 light blouses at once in various shades.

Passing the test for the definition of the appearance color, you learned that you have a warm, muffled color, the characteristic color of autumn.

What blouse you choose for a responsible interview for a new job, knowing that it is best for you warm and dark shade?

The first blouse has a dark yellowish tint, practically close to beige. It is this option that the autumn colorotype is most suitable.

The second blouse of the color of the "foiled milk" also has a yellowish-orange tint and perfectly suitable girls in spring flowers.

The brightest and rich snow-white shade without adding to its composition of any other colors has a third blouse.

The snow-white version is risky enough for any color plants, except for winter.

The last blouse has a cold grayish tinge, which will be perfectly harmonized with cold and muted features of the summer.

Task number 3.

You came to the shop of cosmetics to buy lipstick.

You have a snow-white skin color, bright blue eyes and hair color of the "Crown Wing".

How to choose the right shade out of a rich color palette?

The first shade is warm enough and muted, representatives of the colorage autumn possess such characteristics. On any cold color trees, such a color of lipstick will look not the most advantageous way, giving the skin a pale, unhealthy look.

The second version of the lipstick is very bright, but like the first, it has a warm tint and perfectly suitable girls in spring.

The third shade, cold, but too pale, is perfect for girls. Summer coloring.

The best for you the fourth color of lipstick, it is quite bright and rich, but at the same time cold, harmonizing with your "winter" flavor.

Of course, cold and warm - the concepts are relative, some colors seem colder on the background of warm shades, and warmer on the background of cold shades, so the best way to check whether you have determined the color temperature is to compare it with others.

However, do not forget that the most faithful proof that you correctly picked up a color for your type, is your bright and fresh look, so even if you learned to unmistakably distinguish cold and warm colors, do not be lazy to make the color to your face and take a look at yourself In the mirror

If on the background of your chosen color, your face looks better than without him, then boldly acquire the thing you like. If the positive effect is immellent or if in a new color you look worse than without it - then this thing is there is no place in your wardrobe.

Podon leather is, roughly speaking, her shade. In accordance with the subtock of the skin, you are either warm colors or cold. In the heat of the skin, yellowish, golden and peach shades are dominated, and in cold - bluish, pink, purple. In addition to typical warm and cold subtops, there are neutral, and, more precisely, such tones of the skin, when the characteristic of the heat-cold is weakly expressed and at first glance, it is impossible to determine the warm appearance or cold. Nevertheless, always in appearance confronts the characteristics of the heat-cold and, even if it is weakly expressed, then correctly selected colors will make your appearance fresh and harmonious.

To determine the bottom of the skin, there are several tests based on your perception of colors, this is their main complexity, but still try to figure it out.
- Check with a white sheet of paper. Run a white sheet of paper to the face, next to a pure-white color warm skin will seem yellowish, and cold - pinkish, purple or reddish. The sheet must be ordinary, matte, without any texture or patterns.
- Look at the color of the veins on the wrist or a bending of the elbow. If your skin has a warm subtone, then the veins will seem greenish, and if cold is blue. The neutral subteon can be either a combination of both greenish and blue veins, or just a weakly expressed bluish or turquoise tint. Often, people with neutral subtock notice that, for example, on the wrist, they have greenish veins, and on the bending of the elbow - blue.

This method is relatively not bad, only the veins are better to look at those places that rarely sunbathe, as the tan can change the bottom of the skin on a slightly warmer.

(In the photo girl trying to drape a colorage Dark autumn)

Classic colors for determining cold or warm color,0 is warm coral and cold pink:

If you are coral, then you have a warm bottom of the skin, if the pink is cold. It is often difficult to find the fabrics of these colors, so you can check, the color is suitable or not, just in the photo, although it may not be exactly exactly, since it is not always possible to properly convey the skin shade in the photo. As usual, we will use a graphic editor and analyze the photos of celebrities, for example, Ellison Williams.

Just paint all the space around Ellison's face with the corresponding colors and coral and pink. This test, of course, is better to spend with a photo without makeup.

Please note that the skin seems darker with a coral background, the eyes become paler, and with cold pink, on the contrary, the face looks fresh and brighter. So it becomes clear that Ellison Williams is cold subtles. And it was noticeably immediately immediately, if you look at how much the warm golden earrings look at her face.

Consider another example, Ellie Ceper:

The pink color is too cold and does not harmonize with the appearance of the actress, absolutely does not have anything with her colors, makes the face more rude, while the coral underlines warm shades and smoothes the shortcomings. It is immediately clear that Ellie Cumper Warm Skin Skin.

Naturally, such a method has drawbacks compared with the real application of tissues of different colors, since the defamation and shadows are visible much better visible, which gives one or another shade, however, if the color perception, a certain result can be obtained in a graphic editor.

So, we really hope that you managed to deal with subtock of the skin, or at least, to understand how it is determined and one more approach the final goal is to determine the colorage. If you failed it from the first time, did not matter, in the following articles, we will turn to the description of the color plants and the detailed analysis of each of them. Taking advantage of the descriptions of the colorings and approximately knowing the characteristics of your appearance, it is much easier to determine the color you, which we will do in the following articles. (Next article about the description of the coloring will be written soon)

Cold or warm yellow color determine the composition of this tone: if there is at least a small mixture of blue (green) in it, it is considered cold, if there is an admixture of red (orange, brown) - the color is considered warm. Sometimes in the complex shade of this tone there is both echoes of blue and red, then weighed: what subthone is more.

Yellow - It is considered a warm shade relative to other spectrum tones. The wavelength of this spectrum is in third place in magnitude (see color physics). The next color in the spectrum is green, which is boundary in temperature graduation. Orange, which is above it, is considered to be the warmest tint of the spectral palette. As the brightest tone, it is very sensitive to impurities, so making even a small amount of red (yellow + red \u003d orange), blue (blue + yellow \u003d green) makes it much darker, so even a small impurity creates a change in the margin. And if we are sensitive to halftones, it can classify them by temperature.

If you take a spectral yellow conditional for a neutral tone (for consideration within this colora), its light shades will be closer to the cold, by analogy with white (winter). A mix of black, gray, or blue will give green and carry flavoring to the same side as white.

Cold and warm yellow have a wide range of shades.

Cold yellow and its shades

Cold yellow is almost the entire pastel gamut, with the exception of bright orange-yellow tones.

Cold tone has a discreet color: less intense than spectral, due to which widely used in clothing and interior.

Conditionally, you can divide them into the following groups:

- Creamy yellow - pastel gamut from white-lemon, white-lime-yellow, to white-sand-yellow.

- Yellow-green: cold flavor, in which there are somehow green notes: due to blue or black.

- Beige-Yellow, where blue subton will outweigh red.

- Golden: In them, instead of blue there is black (can be with blue) and in smaller quantities - red.

Cold Yellow Photo

(1) pale yellow, (2) gray-yellow, (3) champagne, (4) vanilla (5) wheat, (6) gold, (7) honey, (8) sandy, (9) straw, (10 ) Golden blonde, (11) fawn, (12) pear, (13) yellow-green (14) curry (15) dark yellow (16) yellow-brown.

Warm yellow color and its shades

Warm shades of yellow - brighter than cold flavor. Saturated, total energies and solar power, they cause joy, feeling of summer or spring. Such paints are as much as cold, they are designed to decorate this world and give us a positive attitude.

These include:

- Salty tones - shades of yellow with a very small content of red. It is bright yellow and moderately bright, but saturated and screaming.

- yellow-orange - where the presence of a red subthone goes into the perception of orange. These are sweet and spicy shades. They are more restrained than solar: can be very bright, saturated or even dark.

- Yellow-brown is yellow-orange tones with a blue droplet, which makes the color with a darker, restrained, but leaves in this temperature category.

Warm yellow photo

(1) Sunny, (2) Apricot, (3) banana, (4) Yandex color, (5) corn, (6) signal, (7) mustard, (8) golden, (9) Gold Oak, (10) Shaffrana, (11) amber, (12) lemon, (13) bright yellow (14) yellow-orange, (15) Canary.

Warm yellow color in combination

Sweet, juicy, solar combinations with warm yellow for the most part are built on the contrast: heat and cold, bright and restrained. Yellow-green tones, brown, red, orange, purple support the rusty of truly lemon paints. Blue, blue, white, gray, black in varying degrees enter the thermal contrast, enhancing the luminous qualities of the main color.

Cold will differ in combination:

Cold yellow color combined

Cold shades of the inventive yellow winter morning do not like to argue with the yellow-orange palette, although sometimes you can see such a combination. And yet next to cold colors, such as gray, blue and even green, they look warmer. Light contrast is the main concern for this spectrum. Such a gamma is not annoying, she is saturated in moderation, inspires a sense of roundness and harmony.

How to determine the warm or cold shade? (Click on the picture)