Technology of proper feeding of the Earth in the spring. How to get a good harvest without manual: alternative types of fertilizers for spring feeding how and how to eat land in the garden

In order to receive high yields of vegetables and fruits annually, you need to take care of how to fit the earth. In the fall, a favorable period is favorable for fertilizer - all the plants are removed, work in the garden and in the garden are completed and now just right to think than fertilize the land. At the same time, on the one hand, we want fertilizers to be as natural as possible, and the crops were grown by organic way, without the use of industrial production fertilizers. And on the other hand, you want a high yield, and therefore fertilizers should be as much as possible.

All fertilizers are divided into 3 groups: organic, mineral and organic fertilizers.

Organic fertilizers

They, in turn, are also divided into 2 groups: animal origin and vegetable. Plant fertilizers include composts and peat, and to animals - manure and littering of birds. When fertilizing with organic substances, the soil structure is significantly improved and this contributes to the reproduction of living organisms that benefit and the soil itself and plants. There are also some disadvantages - the imbalance of nutrients can occur, in such a fertilizer, weed seeds can come across, as well as the organic agent can cause plant diseases and attract toxic substances.

If you decide to use organic fertilizers, then it is better to apply compost. It is preparing quite simple: on the square about 10 square meters. The meters are decorated with a straw thickness of 15 cm, then a layer of manure - 20 cm, a layer of peat - 15-20 cm. The phosphoritic flour and lime, mixed in proportions 1: 1. Per quarter. The meter should be pouring 50-60 grams of the mixture. From above, the layer of manure 15-20 is again falling asleep. All layers are covered with a thin layer of soil and withstand 7-8 months.

As for the fertilizer by manure, then in our time the livestock population has been very declined, and therefore it has to look for an alternative. As products of plant origin for fertilizer, it is possible to use everything that grows and rotates: bevelled grass, failing foliage, tops and weeds, etc.

Fresh manure is impossible to fertilize the earth. Finding into warm and wet land, such fertilizer begins to actively decompose and allocate heat and gases, because the crop can simply "burn". Fresh manure is applied only for feeding fastening plants, spreading it with water and watering aisle. You can also use dried manure, pouring it with a thin layer between the rows.

It is better to use the manure if he settled at least a year - during this time he decomposes and turns into humus. It is worth remembering that in the pure form of manure and chicken litter, it is worse, so it is better to dilute these livelihoods of animals to straw, foliage, sawdust and even crushed waste paper (it is better to take paper without typographical paint).

Mineral fertilizers

These chemicals should be used carefully and strictly normally. Usually, gardeners and gardeners use nitrogen, potash, manganese, lime and other types of such fertilizers. The most common nitric fertilizers include nitrates, urea, ammonia water and ammonia. Nitrogen fertilizers contribute twice a year - the first time about in mid-April, and the second time - in mid-November. The way they are making the same in both seasons - fertilizers are spread manually, and then the land is cultivated. It is better if the Earth will be wet.
Potash fertilizers also significantly increase yields. Usually, potassium in the soil is in a hard-to-reach form, so the need of plants in it is great. Potash fertilizers are better in autumn period along with manure before the main processing of the Earth.

Phosphoric fertilizers are also important for plants. Without this element, chlorophyll formation is impossible in plants, so the application of such fertilizers does not only increase yield, but also improves the quality of products of plant origin. Phosphoric fertilizers are scattered on the surface of the soil, and then drip it to a depth of 20 centimeters.

Organineal fertilizers

They are humic formulations from mineral and organic substances. Each drug is applied according to an individual scheme, but there are general rules. A spraying is used for open soil, and for closed - surface watering, drip watering, sprinkling and manual spraying on the leaves. For processing seeds, 300-700 ml of fertilizers per ton of seeds are used, for leaf feeding - 200-400 mm per 1 hectare of crops, for spraying - 5-10 ml per 10 liters of water, and for drip irrigation - 20-40 ml per 1000 Water liters for watering.

Separately, it is worth mentioning plants that improve the soil. These include surepitsa, oilseed radiation, rape, tour and others. Until recently, only Lupine was used to improve the soil, which enriched land with nitrogen mineral fertilizers, but other equally useful and effective plants have become known and more recently.

For example, after harvesting, you can sing a section of a surepitsa, which, before the onset of frost, it will time to climb and grow to a plant with 6-8 leaves in the outlet. Early spring, after the snow, it will begin to grow intensively and until the beginning of May, it should be smeared into the soil. After that, the Earth is made of mineral and organic substances and improve the structure. In addition, the surepice contains a large number of phytoncides, which destroy the pathogenic organisms in the soil.

If there is the possibility of non-use of the land plot for a whole year, then it can be seamless to its oilseed. At the same time, the soil will receive the necessary rate of nutrients, and weeds will be much smaller. About 70 grams of radish seeds are approximately 700 grams of land. For uniform sowing, it is better to mix seeds with river sand.

There is so much information that in it you will definitely find something that your inner personal desire and decision will respond, because they say: be sure to listen to all the advice and acceptance only an independent decision. Since the plot bought, then there are already plans. Planted landings: where apple trees are, where the bushes are, where the tracks, where flowers, where the greenhouses are where the garden, where the lawn, where the recreation area. And on the basis of this, grow your soil. In the literal sense it must be created. If you can buy reworked manure, this is the best solution. If you can buy cheap fresh manure, the same can be, let it be ripening if the smell does not confuse. If you are not ready for the presence of manure, then the organic, which will be pulled by heavy land can be easily obtained from sawdust, if you have in the area they are both a black nyline peat. As previously written, much depends on the characteristics of the site, if it does not flood with water, it is not necessary to lift much, otherwise we will rehabilitate in the summer. Skilled grass can be collected in a bunch, but you can choose some square to which you will be all summer to dump, ram, pull, and in the spring you will always sleep and the soil will make me malletent. Which part of the meadow is covered with something dense and heavy: old carpet, linoleum, cardboard boxes are suitable in the spring, it will be easy. Buy lands will also have, it will fill the beds made from any material: boards or slate. The bought land is not fertile, it will also improve it two years. If there are nearby reservoirs, pull out the reed reed, if there is a forest nearby, then from there leaves and branches, the shredder is always useful. Instead of sand, I bought a ceramzite, even a large fraction fit, moss from the forest: sphagnum and just green such, birch coal bought, he is not cheap, but I really liked it in a matter, read about such a thing as a terra of pret, still handle the knowledge. And all this is abundantly and systematically watering the humats, they are now available. Waste is possible to compost, but now I do some grooves, like potato and immediately in them I lay the kitchen waste, I close the grass, sawdust, the ground and already in the soil everything is processed, it is not necessary to carry out of the compost heap. It can be pole with urea solution or an accelerator for composting. Oats will help: open how forces enough piece of earth, sprinkle with oats abundantly, it is better to fall asleep with a slightly and pour, and you can simply stick and pour and pour and pour, add spring fertilizers, or just a carbamide for better growth. Leave in winter, do not even mow and you do not recognize your land. Successes !!! I hope that at least something will come in handy!

Many gardeners believe that manure is the best fertilizer, and it's a good harvest without it - a whole problem. However, it is not. There is a huge number of fertilizers in their properties are not inferior to manure.

Pumping beds before in winter with the introduction of all sorts of fertilizers in the spring in the spring and summer, in this case, in this case, there is practically no need for the need for treasured cultures in warm seasons. Dung - Fertilizer, which gardeners use most often, as it is perfect for most cultures, but it can be replaced by other feeders.

To determine what fertilizer is best to make in bed, you need to know which cultures will be planted on it. It is known that most plants for normal development need potassium, calcium, nitrogen and phosphorus, however, there are such representatives of the flora that stop in growth without a sufficient number of elements such as iron, boron, copper, manganese, magnesium, etc.

So, if you wish to switch in the fall of the bed with the introduction of mineral fertilizers, then it is better to take hard-soluble feeders as these firrerships. In this case, it will be possible not to doubt that they will start not earlier than the melting of snow. For beds under vegetable crops, it is better to take fertilizers with the content of superphosphate (with a flush) and potassium chloride. As for trees and shrubs, it is possible to scatter some comprehensive fertilizer around them, naturally, first sprinkling the ground around the plants at a meter-one and a half from their trunks. With the purchase of problems there should be no problem, because in most economic stores, many fertilizers of various brands are proposed.

As for organic fertilizers, in the autumn beds under vegetable crops, you can step by entering egg shells in them, the bare straw (it is straw, and not hay, otherwise the garden is touched by weeds), leaves, compost, ash, sand, chicken litter. The above components can be mixed with each other or deposit separately. As for the quantity of making a fertilizer, it depends on the composition of the soil, its acidification, plants that you intend to plant on the garden.

In early spring before landing, many people arise how to fit earthSo that the harvest is better. Fertilizers are organic, mineral and organic.

Instruction

Organic fertilizers are divided into two groups: plant residues and fertilizers of animal origin. Plant include: peat, composts. To animals: manure and litter. When making organic fertilizers to the soil, its structure is significantly improved. This contributes to the reproduction of living organisms that bring great benefits for both the soil and plants. To date, organic fertilizers are recommended using compost. It is preparing very simple. On the area of \u200b\u200b10 square meters, decompose a straw thickness of 15 centimeters. Then the layer of manure 20 centimeters. Then the peat layer is also 15-20 centimeters. On top of this, scat out lime and phosphoritic flour, mixing them one to one. On each square meter, roll 50-60 grams. Top add another layer of 15-20 centimeters. All this cover the thin layer of the earth. This compost must be cut 7-8 months and only then it can be used. The advantages of organic fertilizer: the first - it increases the soil fertility, the second - improves its structure, the third - ensures the presence of living microorganisms. But there are disadvantages. The first of these is the imbalance of nutrients. The second is still unknown its concentration. The third is the content of a large number of seeds of weeds. The fourth is a great danger of infection with diseases. The fifth - organizing is in its essence absorbs and attracts toxic substances. And the sixth is the most dangerous, these fertilizers absorb radionuclides.

Mineral fertilizers are chemicals that require a cautious relationship. It is necessary to apply them strictly normal. Noble gardeners usually use the following: nitrogen, lime, manganese, potash and other fertilizers. Nitrogen fertilizers include nitrates, urea, ammonia and ammonia water. For good food, plants are necessary that in the ground has always been nitrogen wealth. Nitrogen fertilizers need to be added to the soil twice a year. Under the fruit trees they contribute twice a year. The first half of the fertilizers in about the second half of April, and the second half in mid-November. The method of making such fertilizers, which spring, that in the fall is the same. The fertilizer is scattered manually, after which the soil is cultivated. To achieve a better effect, the Earth must be wet. Potash fertilizers significantly increase yield. Potassium in the soil is mainly in the unavailable forms for plants, so the need for agriculture in such fertilizers is very large. Almost all of them contain chlorine ions, sodium and magnesium, which affect the growth of plants. Potash fertilizers are recommended in autumn together with the manure under the main processing of the soil. Without phosphorus, chlorophyll formation and absorption of carbon dioxide plant is impossible. Putting into the soil of phosphoric fertilizers not only increases yield, but also improves product quality. You need to make these fertilizers in the fall. First scatter them on the surface, after redo earth To the depth of twenty centimeters. You need to drag around the trees parallel to the roots.

Organic fertilizers are humic fertilizers that consist of organic substances and mineral compounds. For each drug there are instructions for use. But there are basic ways to make. For open soil, this is the method of spraying, and for closed soil - these are methods of drip irrigation, sprinkle, surface watering and manual spraying on the sheet. The basic flow rate for seed treatment is 300-700 milliliters per ton of seeds. For leaf feeding - 200-400 milliliters of fertilizer per hectare of crops. For greenhouses - with drip watering 20-40 millilitro per thousand liters of irrigation water, and when spraying 5-10 milliliters of fertilizer for 10 liters of water.

As everyone has long known, nothing grows in empty land. If a garden Do not fence, then harvest does not have to wait. Plants grow weak and poorly fruit. When planting potatoes to the ground, which one peas can not be collected. The exception is only black earth soil and then there are not all nutrients in it and with the annual landing their stock is inexorably decreasing. Therefore, the soil should always be fertilized.

Instruction

The most popular type of fertilizer is manure. It contains a large amount of nutrients and microorganisms that excrete carbon dioxide required by plants for normal growth and nutrition. Soil, hauling, becomes more loose, which additionally enacts the growth and development of plants. The best for fertilizer gardenand the horse manure and sheep is considered. It is most necessary for potassium and nitrogen plants. If there is a sufficient number of manure to make a plot, then the nutrients will flow 5-6 years to plants. And everything would be fine, but the manure is an expensive fertilizer, and scatter it on the site is very hard, especially a lonely old man. To scatter a manual physical force for the donor site.

The second most popular fertilizer type is humus. It is a reworked manure and contains even more nutrients. The flow rate should be 4 times more than manure. After scattering, the land should be immediately plowing or dig.

Due to the high price and the first and second fertilizer of gardeners and gardennicknames are arranged on the plots of compost pits, where they drop all the rolling grass, vegetable cleaning and everything that can turn and go the next spring as a fertilizer. The pit is constantly watered with water and ensure that everything discarded in the pit is in a wet state. In the spring, all the contents of the pits are scattered by gardeny and close up in the soil.

Currently, fertilizers have become increasingly used, which do not spread throughout the site, and attach purpose to each well potatoes, for each bush of tomatoes or cabbage. This is a large range of mineral fertilizers, which are presented in stores in a wide range.

Often gardennicky are trying to fertilize garden sawdust. The sense of this is not enough. They help to improve the structure of the soil and save moisture in it longer. How the fertilizer of sawdust act only in the risen. To do this, a bunch of sawdust should be water and close the cellophane. It is possible to scatter as fertilizer only the next year.

Fertilizers favorably affect the soil and contribute to a good crop. But it is necessary to take into account the features of each fertilizer separately to not harm. Fertilize potatoes can be different ways.

Articles on the topic:

How to fit potatoes
Crop rotation in the garden

Question "Property Rights" - 1 answer

Instruction

Ash. Particularly valuable fertilizer containing all elements except nitrogen. It is worth noting that it is an environmentally friendly fertilizer. Store this type of fertilizer in dry, closed rooms, since when contacting with moisture, the ash loses its properties. Apply ash together with nitrogen fertilizers, it is more efficient and useful for potatoes. Asha can be made on the soil, both in spring and autumn.

Nitrogen fertilizers. Consider, thanks to its properties, nitrogen fertilizers are easily washed out of the soil, therefore this type of fertilizer annually contribute in spring.

Phosphoric fertilizers. Due to the fact that phosphorus is slowly absorbed by plants, apply it (lastworth with manure) 1 time in 2 years in the fall.

Manure. The most common and favorite method of soil fertilizer. It is more affordable and cheap. It is recommended to fertilize the soil in the quantity in which you collected a crop. For example, if you have gathered 100 kg of potatoes, it is enough for the next year to easily disrupt 100-130 kg. Of course, it is also necessary to take into account the properties of the soil, so some sections will need a little more fertilizer.

Video on the topic

Helpful advice

Clean the soil from weeds, in the opposite case, most of the fertilizer they will take themselves.

White cabbage - all the favorite healthy vegetable, little culture can be compared with it according to the content of vitamin C. It is great for salads, soups and canning. To get a good harvest of this wonderful culture in my site, you need to provide careful care. Especially well this culture responds to feeding.

Fertilizers at landing

To make the soil more suitable for this vegetable, you need to make a manure into it since the autumn, because This plant loves organic fertilizers, is the perfect food for cabbage. On acidic soils under the people can be made lime or ash, because They reduce the acidity of the soil.

If the landing site has not been prepared from the fall, then it is necessary to do this in the spring when preparing the beds. For this purpose, the compost is perfect for this purpose, and the small amount must even be made if the earth was falling in the fall by manure. Compost need to sprinkle the ground slightly. In addition, it is desirable to scatter potash and phosphoric fertilizers in bed. The most optimal time for this can be considered a week before the seedlings landing at a permanent place. In addition, you can add nitrogen fertilizers, because They are necessary at the early stage of plant development.

Feeding during the season

For early grades, the cabbage is just three feeding for the season, the late will have to feel four times. Early vegetable feed every three weeks, and the late-Led - less often, the latest procedure must be made no later than the end of August.

At the beginning of the season, it is good to eat the cabbage to the capphet with the infusion of grass or manure, and the chicken litter is perfect for this. In the last periods of vegetation, nitrogen fertilizers should be very careful. The reason for this is that nitrogen contributes to the accumulation of nitrates in vegetables, therefore, the closer the lifting period of the crop, the less nitrogen can be made under the culture.

Cabbage feeds are completed with a dual dose of phosphorus and potassium, while nitrogen content should be reduced by half. Also, in addition to the accumulation of harmful substances, a fermented in the infusion of grass and manure, used for feeding in late dates, can provoke cracking of the kochanov. Such vegetables will not be stored for a long time.

For intact phosphorus in the soil, it is necessary to monitor throughout the season. With his lack, the tips of the leaves begin to dry out, and bubbles appear on the leaves themselves. With a lack of potassium on the leaf plates, brown bubbles appear. In the early stages, the lack of nitrogen is manifested in the form of pale leaves and slow motion development of plants. Lack of feeding during this period can cause cabbage drying.
Upon compliance with the rules of feeding, you can get a otnable yield of cabbage. The main fertilizers for it are manure, potassium and phosphorus - to use them necessary, given the growth stage of culture.

You will need

- the soil;
- Mineral fertilizers;
- organic fertilizers;
- Lime;
- Shovel.

Instruction

Make clay if you have sandy soil. Add river sand if clay. It must be done so that nutrients do not go deep into the earth and did not wash away with rains. Another rule, mandatory for implementation - compliance with the crop work. It is imperative that representatives of one family do not grow on a garden two years in a row. By and large, they can be returned to the place only after 3-4 years. Exceptions - Perennials. First, it will prevent possible diseases (for example, kille - in cruciferous). Secondly, protects soil from the shortage of nutrients. After all, the same cultures along with high crops are put on the same trace elements.

Take the rule of autumn soil preparation. Start it with the cleaning of all plant balances of the current year. Treat intavir or other substance from harmful insects. The main preparation of the beds depends on the culture that will grow at this place. For example, for rootplodes soil It is necessary to focus with the autumn double superphosphate, making 4-5 g of substance per 1 sq.m. beds. For these garden crops, it is better to make from autumn and organic fertilizers. It can be fresh manure - clean or mixed with straw, as an option - compost land.

Craft soil. Lime is a good fertilizer if your Earth has an increased pH. In this case, conducting 1 time in 4-5 years old, the limness can be achieved a significant increase in yields. The following year after making the lime, it is appropriate to plant cross-color - radishes, a turnip, radish, all kinds of cabbage. At the same time, the organic is not recommended. This will reduce the benefit of both fertilizers. In this case, manure and humus make directly landing.

Make a reworked manure along with spring resistance if you are going to grow leafy vegetables: salad, dill, parsley, cilantro, etc. Also responsive to spring soil fertilizer by organic cucumber, pumpkin and zucchini. For these crops, together with the manure, it is possible to advise the presets of nitrogenous fertilizers, for example, urea. Around the middle of June, the whole garden can be filled with potash, they act well on the growth of vegetable crops and their resistance to diseases.

Material prepared:, teacher of the Department of Geoecology and Natural Management

Fertilizer when landing - a highly efficient way to achieve maximum crop yields incl. On exhausted and poor soils, which is especially relevant in small private farms and in the country. The concentration of nutrient in the power zone minimizes their leaching, migration in soil structures and theft of weeds; It also contributes to the development of a compact powerful root system, which is a guarantee of the health of the plant and its resistance to diseases and pests.

The Dutch, for example, largely due to the widespread use of point (nesting) filtering plants when landing can be removed from fantastic stable crops of environmentally friendly products from the blocks of the Earth. This more laborious method than the thoughtless spreading of fertilizer on the field, but when conducting the family of the farm on the square to 100-250 acres of economically more than justifies itself.

However, the subcutter when landing should be carried out with full consideration of the peculiarities of the biology of this particular type of plant, the properties of the soil under it and the method of maintaining its culture, because The same elevated concentration of the elements required by the plant in the power zone is capable of accumulating in the fruits of harmful people of substances, primarily nitrates. Simply put, fertilize plants when landing needed much more carefully and more carefully, whether the nesting nesting or in front of landing / sowing. This article provides primary information on agrobiology and agrochemistry of feeding agricultural culisters when landing and recommendations for their use for a number of cultures important in private economy.

Chemistry or organizing?

The general rule of the fertilizer of the soil when planting plants - the further the fruits from the roots, the more preferably to make organic fertilizers when landing.

In addition to poorly soluble (eg, phosphoritic flour) are easily accessible to roots, but also quickly migrate in the soil and leached. Their concentration in the power zone, as a rule, falls to environmentally permissible values \u200b\u200blong before the fetus tying. Relatively slowly gives into the soil the nutrient elements, but it holds a slight concentration around the place for a long time, a side effect of what is an increased risk of accumulation of unwanted substances in tubers and root. Plants with overhead fruits is not as dangerous, because Almost all of them have certain biomechanisms that prevent the penetration of substances necessary for the growth and development of the plant itself, fruit. However, the peculiarities of the biology of individual crops and groups of cultures contribute substantial adjustments to the overall pattern.

Tubers, roots, fruits, greens

The biology of tuberfold and root crops is noticeably different from such plants with the fruits "upstairs", so fertilizers for them are introduced somewhat differently. Roots / Studes quickly develop the root very active growth system and build up a green mass. In this phase of migration rates in the soil of nutrients from organic fertilizer may not be enough for the full development of the plant. Then the plant switches to the development of underground reserves. To this phase, the initial feed must be fully spent on the formation of the feed roots and the above-ground part.

Based on the above, fertilizers during the landing of various groups of agricultural culisters should be in general according to such a scheme:

Root and tuberplods on light permeable soils (Supses, Lightweight Suglinki) - In 2 stages: In the fall under the chilly plowing of the manure or low-soluble mineral fertilizers, and the light (not particularly concentrated) organic fertilizers - humus, compost during landing in the holes in the wells. When sowing / landing for agriched in spring instead of organics - mineral fertilizers, see below.
The same when landing in a well on heavy soils - Each plant individually makes mineral fertilizers before planting. On exhausted soils, it is very and quite advisable to organize crop rotation with nitrogen-ficked, because All root / tuberplods are strongly depleted, and heavy soils are slowly reclaimed. Experienced gardeners know: the best fertilizer for potatoes is peas on the Siderat Autumn.
Annuals with overhead fruits - on the lungs permeable non-depleted organic soils; In all other cases, mineral fertilizers.
Wood and shrubs Fruit and bone cultures - organizing at the maximum acc. Local conditions for the best development of plants. The harvest is removed most often not in the first year, and the accumulation of nitrates can not be afraid.
Green cultures And plants with ease of above-ground pool (eg cabbage) - making fertilizers when landing without basic knowledge in the field of agrochemistry, agrobiology and fertility experience is not recommended: or it will not be a sense, or you will have to eat your own nitrates.

About nitrogen

The golden rule of the fertilizer of the soil when planting plants - do not remove with nitrogen! It is better for them to unhappy than overgrown!

From excess young plants stretch, scare; Chlorosis of leaves can develop. Making nitrates when landing is better to avoid. If the land is completely exhausted (eg, potatoes are planted in potatoes last year), the soil of nitrogen is filled with the autumn under the zyab. And even - highly efficient in many cases (see below) is incompatible with nitrogen-containing fertilizers. Or something else.

Potato

It gives a vital high-cost food, but it itself is a decent fitness, heavily depletes the soil. The Motherland of Potato is the high plateaus of the Andes, T. Naz. Altiplano, with a harsh climate and sharp weather changes, so the features of the development of tuberplods described above, for potatoes are especially characteristic. Potatoes are grown in a wide variety of climatic conditions by landing in the wells and under the agriculture, as a result fertilizer for potatoes when landing should be done in accordance with one of the 4 typical cases:

Severe poor soil;
It is quite nutritious;
Light poor soil;
It is sufficiently nutritious.

Note: Planting potatoes under the agriculture gets more widespread in areas from 20-30 acres, because Allows you to significantly reduce the cost of labor. The yield of potatoes planted under the film, in the competent agriculture is not lower than with the individual planting of tubers in the wells.

Land heavy skinny

Prepare for the spring the mixture at the rate of weaving: 2-3 kg, 1-1.5 kg, 30-50 kg and the same sand (it is the soil refueling). In the absence of humus take 3-4 kg of superphosphate, 1.5 kg of potassium sulfate and 2-3 kg per weave without sand, but this option is worse, because There will be a lot of ballast in the soil.

Further, a little from the ground will come down the upper water and the tubercles "sweep", you need to evenly scatter the mixture on the area under potatoes and swap. When landing into each well, add complex fertilizers: 3-5 g, or 2-3 g (approx. 30 or 20 granules acc., If the fertilizer is granulated) and by a pinch (1/4 - 1/3 teaspoon). Alternative - Kemira Potato according to instructions without bone flour. On acidic soils add a pinch of the ground egg shell or dolomite flour (the limestation of the soil). Fertilizer's nest spray for 5-7 cm earth, throw the tuber, wrap the earth. Planting potatoes under the film on exhausted land is not recommended.

Note: Nitroposka - Explosive substance. Heating it is unacceptable, incl. In the package of sunlight. Storage - Strictly according to the instructions!

Autumn under potatoes

Autumn soil refueling under potatoes fertilizers will benefitly affect the crop and the state of the soil with any method of its culture. When planting potatoes in potatoes, the autumn fertilizer of the soil is required. Alternative to Washing in Quite warm places - soil refueling with plant fertilizers - Siderats. After cleaning the potatoes, the plot is sown with nitrogen-fixing plants: peas, clover, lupine, an esparcet, let them grow as cool to cold weather. Spring plot with zhukhli nitrogen puffs are pounding / leaving. In this case, the refill of the soil before planting is not required, it is enough to make mixtures in the wells or on the area when landing under the film.

Heavy Middle Earth

Follow the soil before landing is not necessary. Instead of complex fertilizers in the wells, a mixture can be made, at the rate of 1 kV. M: A third of a glass of wood ash and half-shovel by humus. The mixture is prepared on the sidelined area and divided into portions by the number of holes. When landing under the film, the mixture is evenly scattered along the plot under potatoes and the ground is dripping. Removing if necessary - as in before case.

Earth Easy exhausted

In this case, it is necessary to refuel the plot under potatoes with nitrogen from the fall: to make a cow manure at the rate of 30 kg / weaving or humid or food waste 60-70 kg per hundred or food. An additionally phosphoritic flour is added to acidic soils for 2-2.5 kg per hundred. In the spring, they make a refueling refueling, as in the case of severely depleted soil. The same complex fertilizers contribute to the wells, mixing with a handful of humus and a pinch of grated onion husk or dried molota nettle. You can prepare a mixture in advance to the entire area, but without adding sand, and divide on a portion by the number of holes. When landing under the film, the spring refueling is uniformly distributed over the area.

Earth is light normal

Autumn and spring refills are not required. In the mixture for introducing into the wells, the dose of nitroposki or nitroammofoski is reduced by 2 times, but bone flour give 1.5 times more. And they will not harm. Complex fertilizers can be replaced with a goy with humus, as in the case of severe normal land.

Note: The above mentioned norms of fertilizers averaged for Central Russia. They can be more accurately corrected under the properties of local soil (reserves in nutrients in it), knowing that by 1 square meter. The culture of potatoes for the season of vegetation requires 5 g of phosphorus, 10-20 g of nitrogen and 15-25 g of potassium. Theft of fertilizer weeds when making feeding in the hole can be neglected.

Video: An example of planting potatoes

Tomatoes

The plant is unpretentious, but the bobarrier from nitrates and phosphates between greens and fruits is weak: tomatoes "count" that the rotting the fleet of fruit will become a fertilizer for germinating seeds. therefore easily migrant mineral fertilizers to give tomatoes when landing should not be necessary; In general, tomatoes feed predominantly with the development of plants.

Note: Tomato trick - after disembarking, sprinkle the ground around each Kusta with a pinch of food soda, but so that neither the grains do not fall on the leaves and stem. Fruits will be sweet and without a white column inside.

When planting tomatoes, the soil must be used first, without richly watering with a pink solution of manganese or filtered daily influence of 10 g of bakery in 10 liters of water. A day after the etching of the Earth, the seedlings can be planted. In each well brought to the depth of approx. 10 cm on the pinch of wood ash and crowded into dust. Then fall asleep the fertilizer's socket 3-5 cm of the Earth and plant sprouts. If tomatoes are planted in a greenhouse, the wells need to dig OK. 20 cm deep, and instead of the specified ingredients, mix with dry moistener (sold in banks and packages) nitroposk with such a calculation so that it came out on a tablespoon without top and at full with the top of the finished mixture on the well. If nitroammofoska is used, the calculation is made at the calculation of the teaspoon with a top on the well. The same method is suitable for landing tomato seedlings in exhausted land.

Note: Feelring the soil for tomatoes and cucumbers (see below), should not - on an extremely small amount of food, the sprouts will be pulled out and will be combined. Seeds for seedlings are soaked in a solution of humate or other growth stimulator, this is enough. Once from the cramped in favorable conditions, young plants will go rapidly develop and give a good harvest.

Video: An example of planting tomatoes

Cucumbers

Less than tomatoes are inclined to accumulate nitrates in the fruits, but demanding more to the quality of the soil, and their surface root system is weaker. Therefore, feeding cucumbers when landing or extinguished is somewhat different. Under sowing to the ground or in the greenhouse, a universal means for fertilizer of cucumbers - nitroposka 30 g / sq. m or nitroammofoska 20 g / sq. M in open soil or 1.5 times more in the greenhouse. The cultivation of the cucumbers by landing seedlings will give an earlier harvest, but the fertilizer of the soil is harder under it:

Pepper-vegetable

Vegetable (sweet, Bulgarian) is actually very far from the plants of the order of peppers. He is from the grated; His Rami - Potatoes, Tomato, Eggplant, Just His Fruits Something looks like pods of peppers. Soil Sweet pepper deplets very much; It is impossible to plant it after any of the relatives, as well as pumpkin, bulbous and root. According to the inclination to accumulate nitrates in the fruits, it is somewhere between tomato and cucumber.

There is a vegetable pepper and a rather rare feature: Sweet pepper seedlings certainly need a subcortex after a half months after the first sheet appears. Its options, per 1 square meter. M tray with seedlings, in descending order of efficiency:

Kemira-suite, 1.5 tbsp. l. on 10 liters of water;
Crystal, 20 g per 10 liters of water;
Solution of dry mineral fertilizers: 2 h. L. , 3 tbsp. l. Superphosphate, 3 h. l. Potassium sulfate on 10 liters of water.

Sweet pepper does not endure heavy, dense, poorly permeable soils, so before planting seedlings need to be made into heavy soil 3-4 kg of peat or finely chopped straw. Seedlings of vegetable pepper is planted in the peat-chores (grown it in a common tray is undesirable). Saplings of sweet peppers depending on the properties of the soil when landing requires such feeding:

On dense soils - a handful of peat, 5-10 g of superphosphate in granules and as much potassium sulfate for each pot.
On the soils of the average permeability and looseness (drum) - before landing of 30-40 g of superphosphate and a glass of wood ash by 1 square meter. m soil. Imagine in dry weather and immediately switch to the bayonet shovel, otherwise the crust is formed on the surface of the soil from ash.
On loose permeable soils (sandy) - 30-40 g of superphosphate and twice the potassium chloride per square meter. M. To put to the landing, then in front of it to overcoal the Earth for half a pole.

Strawberry

This is a laddied and commercially grateful, but fertilizes when landing is very laborious:

Berry bushes

Waiting for the harvest from the fruit tree by autumn after landing is meaningless, but berry shrubs are able to become a pleasant exception to at least a sample, and next year to give a rich harvest.

For this, the seedlings of shrub berries and the landing fertility fertility. way:

200-l barrel on 1/3 fill the bird litter, you can fresh.
Fill to top water.
They give a distance from 5 days in the warm shaded or, better, dark, place.
Sustains are drained: it, diluted 1: 15-1: 20, will go to the helpful watering of the garden during the growing season.
The sludge is absorbed, dried in the shade and mixed with peat in proportion 1: 1 in volume.
Pits for seedlings are digging deeper on the bayonet (approx. 30 cm) than with a regular landing.
In each pit, 15 cm of the mixture of the mixture obtained are poured and covered with 15 cm of the removed Earth.
Plant shrubs as usual.

Darm fertilizers

The above-mentioned leeks, the nettle trunk and wood ash belong to natural fertilizers, in many cases able to replace purchased for fertilizer when landing: they almost do not contain nitrogen, but they have a rich set of trace elements.

Wood ash is obtained from burning any vegetable waste, incl. weeds; For sale, she often goes like a chimney ash.

The nettle on the dumplings are kidding as young as possible; Anyway, before flowering, and dried for grinding from 2 weeks. From nettle, it is also possible to make a very efficient handy infusion for watering during the growing season, and the fertilizer for the garden is obtained from plant food waste: sleeping tea, coffee grounds, banana peel, palm leaves, etc., incl. For the winter in the city apartment, see, for example. video.

After the last harvest is assembled, the soil on the plot needs additional nutrition. The question is how to eat the land in the fall, if there is no manure, worries many garden owners, seeking to fill in advance the lack of necessary useful substances in the soil exhausted during the summer. Only so in the spring you can count on the normal growth and development of young plants that are planned to be planted.

Perennials, as well as adult fruit and berry trees and shrubs, also do not interfere with trace elements before winter. They will help plants to survive frosts and prepare for the period of flowering, which will come after the first warm days.

Autumn applying fertilizers is a prerequisite for full-fledged garden care, without which it is difficult to imagine a good harvest of any culture. In addition to the feeding during this period, various mixtures are added to the soil, which must protect future young seedlings from pests. If the site is located in the plants unfavorable for cultivation, then in the middle of autumn special compositions should be made to improve the structural characteristics of the Earth.

Each experienced farmer knows what to fertilize the garden under winter so that in the spring there was a sufficient amount of nutrients and useful trace elements. Autumn feeding garden can be performed using organic and mineral complex mixtures, including the optimal set of necessary elements.

At the end of the season, it was traditionally accepted to fertilize the land by natural types of nutritional compositions. These include:

manure;
bird litter;
humus;
compost;
wood ash;
peat.

What fertilizers for the garden will fit the best depends on many factors. This is the composition of the soil, and climatic conditions of terrain, and cultures that are already growing or will be planted in spring.

Feed the garden in the fall of precisely the organic substances is made because the period of their decomposition is greater than that of mineral compositions. This means that all useful elements made to the soil will not be washed off with rains or spring waters. But this does not mean at all that after harvesting cannot be used mineral supplements. Some of them are suitable for this time of year. In specialized stores, such autumn fertilizers have a special labeling.

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Humus - an effective way to prepare a plot for winter

Many dackets believe that the best method enrich the soil with the necessary useful substances and microelements - use manure. This is true, but only partly. The laying of cattle livestock products in the soil helps to increase its fertility. Studies of manure lasts long enough, so all useful substances for the spring are completely absorbed by the earth, which is necessary for normal growth of plants.

However, the answer to the question of which fertilizers are brought in autumn is not so unequivocal. Experienced gardeners have proven that fresh manure can harm garden cultures, because it contains a large number of seeds of weed plants. These species are very unpretentious and racks for various adverse conditions. Therefore, by the spring, they may well deprive vegetables and fruits of the necessary dose of nutrients and displace young shoots from the bed.

To avoid this development of events, it is better to use more harmless fertilizer in the fall. Such types of feeding belongs to humus. This is a loose earthy mass, which is a mixture of overwhelmed manure and various plant residues. Humming perfectly nourishes the root system of plants, and is also food for useful microorganisms located in the ground and responsible for the processing of some complex compounds.

Such a fertilizer is made in autumn during the rescue. First, along the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe site, the nutritional composition is folded, calculating about 5-8 kg per 1 m², then the garden will jump. The depth of the laying of the grounding should be 35-40 cm. The feeder is quickly recycled in the soil, therefore, if you leave it close to the surface of the Earth, the useful substances may not be preserved until spring.

Sometimes humus is complemented by mineral connections, such as superphosphate. Complex care measures increase the soil fertility and the yield of all growing crops.

Use of compost

One of the most popular types of organic fertilizers is compost. It can be cooked enough to quickly. Compost is safe for all types of garden crops, contains a complete set of necessary substances and trace elements in an easily accessible for the root form.

The use of this type of feeding is absolutely justified in the fall. During the winter, the gifted vegetable residues are finally digested to the soil and nourish young plants planted in spring. The easiest way to use compost in the country is the distribution of it throughout the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe garden with a solid layer with subsequent plowing of the Earth.

But there is another method that is considered to be more efficient to increase the fertility of the soil. When the harvest is assembled, weeds remain on the plot. They are removed before or during the rescue. But you should not throw such a plant garbage. Useless Bournan, remaining after plowing, should be left in the ground, to put a smooth layer of compost and pour it with any drugs related to the category of efficient microorganisms. The most famous of them is a solution "Baikal".

This method of fertilizer of soil under the winter allows you to save all major groups of useful compounds to spring, which are contained in plant residues. After complete overload, they go into forms easily digestible by plants.

Compost is suitable for both fruit trees. They are covered by a relationship. Such a measure helps protect the roots from frosts. In the spring, the fertilizer is mixed under the action of melt waters and nourishes the wood with the useful substances. It is difficult to even imagine what fertilizers can be compared with an ordinary compost, which during the field of field work accumulates on any site in large quantities.

Bird litter

Poultry vital activity products are considered hardly no more efficient top dressing than cow and horse manure. The ratio of nutrients and microelements in the bird's litter is such that it is enough to fertilize the plot 1 time in 3-4 years. In such a dry mixture, contains:

potassium;
nitrogen;
phosphorus;
magnesium;
calcium;
iron.

All connections are already transformed into available forms. Therefore, if there is no manure, it can easily be replaced by an avian litter, which is ideal for putting into the soil during autumn peroxide.

After harvesting, the excrement of feathers even easier to use. After all, in the spring and summer, they make only liquid feeding, which requires additional time spending.

All substances in the bird layer are contained in the limiting concentration. Decomposing, fertilizer highlights a large amount of heat and nitrogen compounds. It can damage the roots of plants. In the autumn, such a feature does not pay any danger.

Especially well reacts to feeding the bird litter of strawberries. Autumn introduction to the soil flew into a dry-line powder followed by a resampling to a depth to 15-20 cm largely improves the properties of the soil on the beds where the spring is planned to plant the bushes of this sweet berry. Its yield increases by about 2 times.

Wood ash

What to help Earth, if there is no manure? Many years ago, people began to use combustion products to care for plants. The benefits of this type of feeding are indisputable. The ash contains phosphorus and potassium in the form of compounds that plants are easily absorbed. Mineral residues that came after the combustion of wood, tops of grain crops and straws are used in autumn after harvest. Such fertilizer is brought together with other organic species during the rescue.

Ash is not only a source of major trace elements that are required by garden crops. It contains both additional components that ensured food of fruits and vegetables, such as magnesium, calcium, zinc, iron. Its alkaline nature can affect the soil microflora balance. Therefore, fertilizer is used as part of comprehensive measures for cleaning the garden from pests that may be in the soil.

In addition, the ash improves the properties of clay and podzolic lands. A large number of silicon oxides in its composition changes the structure of heavy soil, making it more loose, contributing to the influx of oxygen to the root system of plants and increasing the water permeability.

Acceptance of Sideratov

There are plants that have a very short vegetative period and build up a green mass regardless of weather conditions. These include almost all kinds of mustard, rape, rye, peas and some other grain and legumes. The topics of these species in itself is a unique type of fertilizer, as it contains phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen and other useful trace elements.

Such plants are called the Siderators and actively use them for feeding the soil and prepare for winter. When the main crop is already assembled, the territory of the site is dripping and seeds with seeds of such cultures. In most regions, at the end of September, a sufficiently high temperature is maintained for the growth of green shoots of these unpretentious auxiliary crops.

In mid-October, the garden can be swap, leaving the stems of the Siderators in the ground. During the winter, they will fully decompose, will be recycled by microorganisms and fit the soil with the useful substances that will be necessary for the development of seedlings of vegetables transferred to open soil in spring.

The sealing method of fertilizer is suitable for both fruit-berry trees and shrubs. The corresponding cultures are simply planted near the plants and serve as a source of trace elements.

Mineral subcords

All inorganic types of fertilizers are divided into:

1. Phosphoric.
2. Potash.
3. Nitrogen.
4. Complex.

Compounds related to the first type contribute to the development of the root system, and are also responsible for the formation of special sugars in vegetable juice affecting the taste of fruits and berries.

Potash connections are required to maintain the right carbohydrate exchange.

Nitrogen increases green mass, responsible for the growing season. That is why this kind of feeding is suitable for spring, and phosphoric and potash are used in autumn.

In the complex compositions that can be made to the soil in front of the winter, as a rule, include phosphorus-potash connections and some additional trace elements required by plants after harvesting.

Any mineral fertilizer is characterized by a convenient form of release. It can be granules, mortar or powder. Each packaging with chemicals contains detailed instructions. If you follow it, then you can calculate the correct dosage of trace elements, which will benefit from the soil and the future crop.

Superphosphate and phosphate flour are brought in autumn, since the compounds of this element are characterized by slow solubility. The main component is released and settles in the ground only by the spring, creating a nourishing base for plants at the beginning of the new growth season.

It has proven itself to use potassium chloride in the autumn period. For several months, chlorine is washed out of the soil and cannot harm cultures that do not tolerate this element. Potassium remains in the ground and nourishes vegetables, berry shrubs and fruit trees.

The only fertilization of the nitrogen group, which can be used after harvest, is a carbamide, or urea binding nitrogen into strong compounds and preserving it to spring.