How to apply urea in spring. Urea is an effective fertilizer for gardening. What plants is it suitable for?

All summer residents and gardeners know about the need to use fertilizers. We are now interested in urea and fertilizer. Application in the garden in what form, what concentration will benefit our plants? Even beginners are aware of it, its wide spectrum of action, effectiveness and low cost. Urea - also known as carbamide, also known as urea. These are different names for the same nitrogen fertilizer.

In the food industry, this chemical compound is known as a flavor enhancer. food supplement E927b (as an example, it is used in the production chewing gum, in the production of animal feed). That is, its small doses are harmless to humans. Urea is also used in medicine and perfumery.

Urea contains 46% nitrogen, which is necessary for vegetable and flower crops. As a result of nitrogen fertilizing, plants grow more actively, the foliage becomes more luxuriant, and acquires a rich, juicy hue. This fertilizer can be used to feed both greenhouse plantings and those growing on open ground.

Urea granules, photo:

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Urea - fertilizer, use in the garden and in the garden

For feeding garden and ornamental crops nitrogen fertilizers are needed. With their help, plants begin to grow intensively and acquire large, richly colored leaves. This article is all about the use of urea, which improves the growth of green spaces in the city and rural greenhouses. Practically get to know proper feeding plants with urea, you can watch the video.

Urea: from what and for what?

The first of the synthesized protein compounds is urea. This scientific name is urea - a fertilizer for feeding garden and ornamental crops, which is used to accelerate growth. Urea belongs to the group of nitrogen fertilizers and has been used in agriculture since the 18th century.

The product is produced by synthesis from inorganic substances, is a granular mass consisting of round, milky, sometimes translucent granules. Currently, the industrial production of urea is in the form of tablets.

In terms of its chemical composition, almost half of urea consists of pure urea, which dissolves without residue in any liquid, including water.

When applied to the soil, granulated urea gradually dissolves in the water that the plants receive when watering. Slowly entering the plants, dissolved urea nourishes the roots for a long time, gradually, throughout the entire period of growing the crop. In the soil, nitrogen changes its chemical composition, from the amide form to the ammonia form, and then to the nitrate form. Slow change chemical composition guarantees prolonged nutrition of plants with substances necessary for growth.

Nitrogen starvation manifests itself in plants in slower growth, yellowing of leaves, inhibition of plant development and complete death. The application of urea is indicated during the formation of unnaturally thin and short branches with small discolored leaves in fruit trees and berry bushes. Nitrogen deficiency is expressed at the beginning of leaf fall in the summer, when most of the leaves on plants turn yellow in more early date than it should be in nature. In spring, weak, underdeveloped buds form on plants lacking nitrogen.

It is allowed to feed with urea fruit trees and shrubs, an effective fertilizer for strawberries, strawberries, all vegetable crops, including carrots, etc.

Urea - how to apply fertilizer correctly

When fertilizing with nitrogen fertilizers, in particular urea, several types of plant nutrition should be distinguished:

Pre-sowing treatment– urea granules are applied into the furrows during spring plowing. The depth of incorporation of urea into the soil is at least 4 cm.

Fertilizing with urea during sowing events – the best option is the use of the composition in combination with potash fertilizers. In this case, it is not allowed for the granules to be mixed with the seeds; it is necessary to provide a layer of soil between the granulated fertilizers and the seed.

Fertilizer application during the period of growth– most effective method is foliar feeding of plantings. To do this, urea is dissolved in water, spraying on the green mass is carried out in the early morning hours or at sunset, in calm weather.

Important! Foliar fertilizing with urea is not recommended on days when precipitation occurs.

An aqueous solution of urea does not burn the leaves; it is convenient to spray plants using special pumps. The usual norm for diluting a solution is from 9 to 15 g of urea per 10 liters of water, and it matters which plants are planned to be treated - herbaceous plants spray with a more gentle composition, trees and shrubs with a concentrated one. Adult apple and pear trees need feeding in a ratio of 200 g of dry urea per bucket of water. For cherries, plums and apricots, the urea consumption will be 120 g/bucket.

Important! One tbsp. a spoon holds 10 g of urea; matchboxes - 13 g; faceted glass - 130 g of urea.

Treatment with urea against pests

Spraying with urea is effective in controlling plant pests. Spraying is carried out in the spring, when a constant average daily temperature is +5 C. It is important to carry out the procedure before the buds awaken, then all pests overwintering in the scales and under the bark will be guaranteed to be destroyed.

A urea solution for pest control is prepared in a concentration of 50 to 70 g per 1 liter of water. Spraying with urea helps destroy aphids, weevils, copperheads and a host of other pests.

In autumn, during the first stage of leaf fall, it is useful to spray trees with urea solution on which traces have been noticed. infectious diseases: scab, all types of spotting, rust and others. The solution is used to treat trees along the crown and leaf litter. This treatment is very effective remedy from infectious diseases garden trees, the garden next year will not be affected by infections. Simultaneously with the treatment, the urea solution fertilizes the plants.

Pros and cons of feeding plants with urea

The positive properties of urea are:

• When fertilized with urea, plants easily absorb nitrogen, which has a positive effect on their growth and the expansion of green mass.
• Treatment of plants with a solution of fertilizer on the leaves does not cause burns to the leaf blade; this foliar feeding is an effective and gentle means, which, along with fertilizing plants, can effectively fight garden pests, as well as pathogenic infections.
• The urea solution is quickly absorbed by plants sensitive to elevated pH levels in the soil.
• Excellent results were noted when fertilizing plants with urea in irrigated areas, as well as when applied to crops grown when the beds were filled with water.

• Guaranteed increase in yield in the garden or garden when feeding plants with urea.
• Ease and simplicity of foliar treatment of plants and the introduction of urea into the soil.
• Availability of fertilizer at price and availability.

The disadvantages of fertilizing with urea are the following aspects:

• A strong concentration of fertilizer when applied to the soil when sowing seeds can reduce the germination of seeds and delay their germination.
• Urea requires careful storage.
• The use of urea in a mixture with phosphorus fertilizers is possible only when mixing absolutely dry substances, increased acidity the effects of mixed fertilizing must be neutralized by adding chalk to the soil.

Advice! Granular urea must be stored in a dry place, otherwise the fertilizer strongly absorbs moisture and turns into lumps.

The size of the harvest depends on each gardener. Timely and competent application of fertilizing can ensure soil fertility and full productivity of garden and garden crops for nutrients received on time.

Spraying the garden with urea: video

Urea as a fertilizer: photo

Fertilizer Urea (urea) - occupies a leading place among the many nitrogen fertilizers used in agriculture for pre-sowing and subsequent fertilizing of plants. This organic compound contains up to 46% nitrogen. It is mainly produced in the form of white or yellow-gray granules, however, recently production has been launched in the form of tablets, with a coating that ensures long-term dissolution in the soil.

Properties of urea

Urea is one of the most frequently chosen fertilizers by both gardeners and farmers. Outwardly, it is very similar to ammonium nitrate; when purchasing, you can distinguish it by first wetting your fingers and rubbing a ball of fertilizer between them, which leaves a feeling of soapy fingers. Urea is one of the most highly concentrated nitrogen fertilizers (its content is up to 46.2%).

Urea granules

It dissolves easily in water and soil solution, resulting in the release of volatile forms of the element. For this reason, urea granules cannot simply be scattered on the soil, especially in drought conditions, as this is a waste of time and money. The use of this agrochemical as a main or pre-sowing fertilizer involves its incorporation into the soil.

• When it gets into the soil, urea dissolves quite slowly, so excessive accumulation of nitrates in fruits is excluded.
• Has a beneficial effect on the growth of vegetative mass of vegetation;
• Urea increases the protein content in grain;
• Fertilizer helps increase productivity.

Foliar fertilizing with urea

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If there are signs of nitrogen starvation of plants, as well as in the case of shedding of fruit and berry ovaries, foliar feeding is carried out by spraying with urea from special garden sprayers. Compared to urea, which is used for the same purposes, it has a significant advantage - it burns the leaves less. Foliar fertilizing with urea during the growing season is carried out at the rate of 3 liters of working solution per 100 m². The working solution for vegetables is prepared as follows: 50 - 60 g of urea per 10-liter bucket of water. For fruit and berry crops, the working solution is prepared at the rate of 20 - 30 g per bucket of water.

Containers of carbamide (urea)

Instructions for use of urea fertilizer

To provide the agricultural crop with the necessary amount nutrient element, you should strictly adhere to the dosage, which depends on the needs of a particular plant, the method of feeding, soil moisture, and its structure. If you focus on the application method, the instructions for using urea recommend the following standards:

• For vegetable crops: potatoes, tomatoes, garlic, as well as fruits and berries, strawberries and flower plants - dosage from 130 to 200 g per 10 m2. For cucumbers and peas, only 5-8 g are required.
• Pre-sowing application uses up to 4 g of urea in each hole.
• Feeding with undissolved urea granules is carried out in a dosage of 50 to 100 g for the same area. For fruit crops, the application rate is higher and is 150 g for young apple trees and 70 g for cherry and plum trees, as well as shrubs. A fruiting apple tree requires up to 250 g, cherries and plums - up to 140 g. Urea is added in tree trunk circles followed by mixing with soil or abundant watering. The diameter of the application site for fruit trees and berry bushes is determined as the projection of their crown onto the soil.
• Perennials respond very well to early spring fertilizing (2 g/l). flower crops, which require nitrogen to emerge from hibernation. Urea helps to more quickly overcome stress after harsh winter conditions and build up new vegetative mass.
• For root feeding of cabbage, tomatoes or strawberries, prepare a solution of 2-3 g of urea and 1 liter of water with thorough mixing until completely dissolved. This volume is intended for 1 plant. For others, the concentration can reach up to 6 g/l with the consumption of the resulting composition per 1 m2.
• Spraying is carried out with a 0.5-1% solution of an agrochemical. To prepare it, 5-10 g of urea are dissolved in 1 liter of water. This quantity is calculated for small area, 20 m2. The same concentration is applicable for indoor plants.

Urea application rate

Preparation of urea working solution

Urea as a plant protection agent

Urea is very often used as effective remedy control of garden and vegetable pests. In the middle of spring, but before the buds begin to swell, a urea solution is used as a means of combating wintering insects: aphids, weevils, copperheads, etc. Beginning gardeners need to know how to dilute urea to prepare a solution used in the destruction of pests. To do this, 500 - 700 g of a concentrated urea solution is diluted in 10 liters of water and a garden or garden area is sprayed.

Urea is also used to protect plants from scab, purple spot and other infectious diseases; spraying is carried out during the initial period of leaf fall, in the fall. The foliage of fruit-bearing trees is processed and berry bushes, as well as already fallen leaves. The solution is prepared in the same way as for killing harmful insects.

Even a novice gardener knows that plants need nitrogen to form roots, leaves, and ovaries. And that nitrogen fertilizers must be applied to the soil in spring and summer and under no circumstances should they be applied in the fall. He comes to the store to buy fertilizer and is transfixed by the wealth of choice. It’s good if “Universal” is available spring fertilizer"or "Universal autumn fertilizer." And if there is only ammonium sulfate, calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, urea – how to choose? In such cases, you can choose urea as a fertilizer application for the garden.

Briefly about nitrogen fertilizers for the garden

Plants obtain nitrogen through the root system from the soil (the legume family also from the air). Nitrogen enters the soil along with rotting organic matter (straw, weeds). Nitrogen compounds formed in the soil are easily soluble and are washed away by rain, floods, and watering from the top layer of the earth to deeper layers where the plant root cannot reach. Particularly little nitrogen remains in the soil in the spring, after the snow melts, at a time when it is especially needed. The amount of nitrogen in the soil directly affects productivity. Therefore, its deficiency is compensated for by applying nitrogen fertilizers, such as.

Urea

In nitrogen fertilizers, this element is contained in the nitrate form, the so-called “fast” nitrogen, and in the ammonium and amide forms – “long” nitrogen. It is “fast” because it dissolves well and is absorbed by plant roots, but it is also washed out just as quickly.

Fertilizers containing such nitrogen are good for fertilizing when the root system has already formed, for urgent help when there is a lack of nitrogen. These are calcium and sodium nitrate.

“Long” nitrogen takes 4-6 weeks to transform into nitrate form; it remains longer in the upper layers of the soil. Therefore, it is convenient to apply such fertilizers in advance, in the spring, while digging the beds. This is ammonium sulfate, urea.

Contents and properties of urea composition

Urea or carbamide is produced industrially, synthesizing ammonia and carbon dioxide at high blood pressure and temperature. The result is a white crystalline powder. Chemical formula urea CO(NH₂)₂. The nitrogen content is 46%. Nitrogen is in amide form. The amide form of nitrogen is well absorbed by plant foliage.

Due to its properties, urea - perfect option For foliar feeding.

When urea gets into the soil, the amide form of nitrogen first transforms into the ammonium form (“long” nitrogen), which is retained by the soil but is not absorbed by plants. Then into the nitrate form (“fast” nitrogen), which feeds the plant’s roots. The speed of the process directly depends on the soil temperature. The higher the temperature, the more bacteria responsible for this process, the faster the conversion of ammonium into nitrate. At low temperatures bacteria don't work.

Fertilizer application

Converting the ammonium form to the nitrate form will take:

• 6 weeks at t 5°C;
• 4 weeks at 8°C;
• 2 weeks at 10°C;
• 1 week at 5°C.

Methods of application

Urea can be used as a basic fertilizer and as a top dressing at any stage of the plant's growing season.
Application to the soil:

• made in advance or during sowing. When applying urea during sowing, you should avoid contact of fertilizer granules with seeds and seedlings. In one hole - 4 g of fertilizer. In particular, this applies to other root vegetables;

Application at sowing time

• fertilizer must be incorporated into the soil. This avoids the loss of nitrogen, which in air can turn into ammonia and evaporate;
• It is advisable to apply fertilizer in the spring to replenish nitrogen losses from the soil. For vegetable crops, 5-12 g/m² is recommended. For other crops and flowers – 15-20 g/m². Application in autumn is possible at temperatures below +5°C, then microorganisms do not decompose ammonium, and it remains until spring;
• urea cannot be added simultaneously with lime, chalk, or ash. These substances neutralize each other, losing their beneficial properties.

Plant nutrition

• The most effective foliar feeding is due to the properties of urea. Absorption rate nutrients through the leaves much higher than through the ground. Produced by spraying plants in the morning or evening. Solution for vegetable crops - 50-60 g per 10 liters of water, for fruit and berry trees (here and others fruit bushes) – 20-30 g per 10 liters of water. The right solution urea, even in high concentrations, does not cause burns to the plant when applied;

Foliar fertilizer

• foliar feeding of the plant can be combined with treatment with fungicides and insecticides if necessary;
• You can fertilize the roots with dry urea by working it into the soil around the plant before watering. For fruit and berry bushes, 70 g per bush is required. For – 150-200 g.

Fertigation

Due to the good solubility of urea, fertigation can be used, i.e., combining the application of fertilizer with watering. With this method, root and foliar feeding is carried out simultaneously, which has a positive effect on the plant. This method is great for raspberries and other fruit and berry crops.

Accelerates and facilitates absorption useful substances, which promotes crop growth.

Use for different types of soil

The most optimal type of nitrogen fertilizer is selected for each soil. So, calcium and sodium nitrate are suitable for acidic soils; it will alkalize them.

Urea will show the best results on soils:

• neutral or close to alkaline;
• clayey and loamy;
• warmed up

Use urea as a pesticide

Urea can be used not only as a fertilizer, but also as a treatment for aphids and other pests. To destroy the larvae of harmful insects, aphid eggs, and weevils, buds, branches, and old leaves around the tree are sprayed with a urea solution.

Pest control application

Spray with a concentrated solution of urea in a ratio of 50-70 g per 1 liter of water. in early spring, until the kidneys awaken. Treatment with urea solution helps prevent fungal diseases. When there is an excess of nitrogen in the plant, fungal spores are inhibited.

Use a mask to protect your breathing. Spray in calm weather.

Video

For more details on the use of urea as a fertilizer, watch the video

Conclusion

Urea is an affordable, gentle fertilizer. It is suitable for raspberries and many other vegetable and fruit crops. Suitable for all plants. Convenient to use (many application methods). Guarantees good result at correct use and dosage. As an advantage over other nitrogen fertilizers, it is worth noting that urea oxidizes the soil significantly less. And it has the advantage of the possibility of effective foliar feeding, without burns. The composition is suitable for use both in open ground and in... The disadvantages of using urea include the danger to plants due to a possible overdose when dry applying urea to the soil.