The most terrible swear words. You didn't know that for sure. Swear words (mats), these are the names of demons

RUSSIAN HOUSE "Magazine for those who still love Russia". It has been published monthly since 1997. The founder is the Russian Culture Foundation with the support of the Moscow Patriarchy. Volume - 64 pages with illustrations. Circulation in 1998 - 30,000 copies. Takes a moderately nationalist position;

RUSSIAN MAT Every person in Russia from early childhood begins to hear words that he calls obscene, obscene, obscene. Even if a child grows up in a family where swearing is not used, he still hears it on the street, becomes interested in the meaning of these words and

7.8. Russian character Once a writer from Russia came to New York and participated in one of the many programs on local television. Of course, the presenter asked him about the mysterious Russian soul and Russian character. The writer illustrated this as follows

Rather than social status and age.

The widespread belief that teenagers swear many times more than mature people fails at Russian roads, in car repair shops and undistinguished drinking establishments. Here people do not hold back the impulses that come from the heart, splashing out a wave of their negativity on the interlocutor and those around them. In most cases, the use of a mat is associated with a disadvantage vocabulary or with the fact that a person is not able to express his words and thoughts in a more cultural form.

From the point of view of esotericism and religion, a scolding person from the inside decomposes himself and has a bad effect on the surrounding space, releasing negative energy. It is believed that these people get sick more often than those who keep their tongue clean.

Obscene language can be heard in completely different layers. Often in the media you can find reports of another scandal with famous politicians or movie and show business stars who publicly used profanity. The paradox is that even someone who uses profanity to connect words in a sentence denounces such celebrity behavior and considers it unacceptable.

Relation of the law to the use of profanity

Cursing is swearing regardless of profession, wealth and level of education. However, for many, the presence of older people, young children and work that involves polite interaction with people is a deterrent.

Resourceful people a couple of decades ago found a way out of the situation: along with obscenities in oral speech appeared his surrogate. The words “damn”, “star”, “fuck off” seem to be not a foul language in the literal sense of the word and cannot fall under the corresponding article by definition, but they carry the same meaning and the same negative as their predecessors, and such words are constantly being added.

On forums and in the discussion of news, as a rule, the use of strong words is prohibited, but surrogates have successfully bypassed this barrier as well. Thanks to the appearance of an obscene surrogate, parents no longer hesitate to use it in the presence, harming the cultural development of their child, introducing the immature to the use of swear words.

Taboo vocabulary includes those or other layers of vocabulary that are banned due to religious, mystical, political, moral and other reasons. What are the prerequisites for its occurrence?

Varieties of taboo vocabulary

Among the subspecies of taboo vocabulary, one can consider sacred taboos (on pronouncing the name of the creator in Judaism). The anathema to pronouncing the name of the alleged game during the hunt refers to a mystical taboo layer. It is for this reason that the bear is called the “owner” in bullying, and the word “bear” itself is a derivative of the phrase “in charge of honey”.

Obscene language

One of the most significant species taboo vocabulary is obscene or vocabulary, in the common people - mat. Three main versions can be distinguished from the history of the origin of Russian obscene vocabulary. Adherents of the first hypothesis argue that the Russian mate arose as a legacy of the Tatar-Mongol yoke. Which in itself is debatable, given that most of the obscene roots go back to the Proto-Slavic origins. According to the second version, swear words once had several lexical meanings, one of which eventually replaced all the others and was assigned to the word. The third theory says that swear words were once a significant component of the occult rituals of the pre-Christian period.

Let's consider lexical metamorphoses on the example of the most cult formulations. It is known that in ancient times to “fuck” meant “to cross out a cross on a cross”. Accordingly, "dick" was called the cross. Turnover "fuck everyone" was introduced into use by ardent supporters of paganism. Thus, they wished Christians to die on the cross, by analogy with their own god. Needless to say, current users of the language use this word in a completely different context.

Swearing also played an important role in the rites and rituals of pagan origin, usually associated with fertility. In addition, it should be noted that most conspiracies for death, illness, love spells, etc. abound with obscene lexemes.

It is known that many lexical units that are now considered obscene were not such until the 18th century. These were completely ordinary words, denoting parts (or features of the physiological structure) of the human body and not only. So, the Proto-Slavic "jebti" originally meant "beat, hit", "huj" - "needle coniferous tree, something sharp and poignant." The word "pisda" was used in the meaning of "urinary organ". Recall that the verb "whore" once meant "to idle talk, to lie." "Fornication" - "evasion from the established path", as well as "illegal cohabitation". Later both verbs merged together.

It is believed that before the invasion of Napoleonic troops in 1812, swear words were not particularly in demand in society. However, as it turned out in the process, hazing was much more effective in the trenches. Since then, swearing has become firmly rooted as the main form of communication in the troops. Over time, the officer stratum of society popularized obscene vocabulary to such an extent that it turned into urban slang.

Related videos

Sources:

• how mate (taboo vocabulary) appeared in 2019
• Taboo words and euphemisms (profanity) in 2019
• (Swearing and swearing) in 2019

Modern dictionaries and reference books explain the term "swear words" as a category of language related to obscene language. Often a parallel is drawn, or even a complete synonymization of the concepts of "swear words" and "obscene". It is assumed that the abusive vocabulary includes exclusively obscene, obscenely vile, vulgar words and expressions. And the swear words themselves are regarded as a spontaneous reaction to certain events or sensations.

Instruction

According to the definition of swear words as part of obscene language, there is a certain thematic classification swear words and expressions:
- emphasized negative characteristics of a person, including obscene definitions;
- names of taboo body parts;
- obscene names of sexual intercourse;
- names of physiological acts and the results of their administration.

Everything would be too simple and clear, if not for one "but". One does not need to be a professional linguist in order not to trace the similarities in words and expressions: “swearing”, “self-assembly”, “battlefield”, “decoration”. Some linguists attribute this similarity to the origin of the vocabulary of the predecessor Indo-European language. The lexical unit of the proto-language - "br", could mean common property tribe, food, and underlay the word formation of many terms from which the words “take”, “brashna”, as well as “boron”, “bortnik” originated. It is assumed that the expression "scold" could come from military booty, and "battlefield" is a booty field. Hence the “self-collecting tablecloth” and, which is typical, “burden / pregnancy / pregnancy”, as well as agricultural terms - “harrow”, “furrow”.

Over time, the words associated with the reproduction of offspring were grouped into the category of "swear words", but they did not belong to the obscene vocabulary. Swearing vocabulary was taboo, only priests could use it and only in cases stipulated by customs, mainly in erotic rites associated with agricultural magic. This guides the hypothesis about the origin of the word "mat" - agriculture - "swear words" - "mother - cheese".

With the adoption of Christianity, the use of swear words was completely banned, but among the people most of the words in this category were not positioned as offensive. Until the 18th century, modern swear words were used as an equal part of the Russian language.

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note

The list of swear words is not permanent - some words go away or lose their negative connotation, such as the word "oud", which contemporaries do not perceive otherwise than as the root of the word "fishing rod", but in the 19th century it was forbidden to be used at the legislative level as a designation of the male sexual organ.

The list of weed words is quite wide. Surely you had to catch such constructions in the speech of the interlocutor: “in general”, “as it were”, “this”, “well”, “so to speak”, “this is the same”, “like him”. In the youth environment, the word Ok (“ok”), which came from the English language, has recently spread very widely.

Weed words - an indicator of general and speech culture

Among the verbal rubbish there is something that is considered indecent in any cultural society. It's about profanity. Elements of foul language, no doubt, speak of the extremely low level of general culture. Swearing carries a very strong expressive charge. In some cases, socially acceptable substitutes for obscene words are used, such as "fir-trees-sticks". It is better to refrain from even such seemingly harmless expressions, even if the situation is conducive to an emotional response.

If you notice signs of weedy words in your speech, try to get them under control. Awareness of speech deficiency is the first step to its elimination. Constant control over the quality of your speech will help you express your thoughts more accurately and become a pleasant conversationalist.

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Related article

There are a lot of myths around Russian mats that do not correspond to reality. For example, Russian linguists and historians spread two myths about swearing: that Russians began to swear in response to the "Tatar-Mongol yoke" and that swearing is allegedly "a product of Slavic paganism."

Our ancestors divided some words into:
1. Curse words- these are words from the mother, i.e. her blessing!
2. Swear words are words used on the battlefield to intimidate the enemy!
3. Foul language - this is the very bad thing that you should not say!
All these points were reduced by the enemies of our Race to one and now mean the same thing, that is, bad words!

A lot has been written about the dangers of the mat. A long time ago I read an article by one writer, I don’t remember his last name. He fell on the mat with noble anger. For a long time and convincingly, he argued how disgusting and vile it is. In conclusion, he gave the only known case of the usefulness of checkmate.

I will retell this case. A freight train is coming, but people are being carried in it. I don’t remember why, but there was a man on the other side of the car. He holds on to the last of his strength. This is where it breaks down and dies. The men in the car are trying to open the door and drag him in. But the door is jammed and won't budge. The men are already exhausted and mentally resigned to the loss, but they continue to mess around. And then the unexpected happened.

A modest, quiet little girl screams: “Oh, you guys, fuck you! Anu got it!”. And a miracle happened. A wild power opened up in men. Muscles tensed in unison, the door flew off, and the man was saved. Then they asked the girl, well, how did she dare to say such a thing. But she blushed, looked down, and from shame could not utter a word.

Here the author hit the mark, without suspecting it. The bottom line is that the checkmate is designed for exceptional cases. In Russia, swear words are also called swear words. Here you stand on the battlefield, wounded, exhausted, and staggering, leaning on your sword. And enemies are on you. For them, and even for you, the outcome of the meeting is obvious. But you raise your head, look at them for a long time and say: “Come on, b-di, so you are re-done!!”. And a miracle happens. You have a wild power. And your sword whistled like helicopter blades, and the heads of your enemies rolled with astonished expressions on their faces. You then surprise yourself. That's what a mat is, that's why it's needed.

Our ancestors knew and understood the power of the mat very well. They carried it for centuries, and maybe millennia, but they were not fools. The mat is just what is needed in emergency, critical situations. The prohibition creates a reserve of energy, like a battery, more precisely like a capacitor. Because the battery gives off energy slowly, and the capacitor is discharged instantly. This surge of energy and works wonders. Any nation, folk and even tribe have forbidden words, words on which are taboo. This is a common property of people, more precisely, a property of a community of people. Fighting this property is as stupid as creating a new person. Why is Russian mate so developed? Yes, because our history is difficult. Who knows, maybe thanks to the mat they survived and survived as a people.

Here they propose, in order to combat obscenity, to introduce swear words into ordinary use, to stop considering them swear words. And that will be? And here's what. You stand on the battlefield, wounded, exhausted, and leaning staggeringly on your sword. And enemies are on you. For them, and even for you, the outcome of the meeting is obvious. But you raise your head, look at them for a long time and say: “Come on, b-di, so you will be reshuffled. And then another peretak.” And the miracle doesn't happen. There is no energy in these words. These words sound like: something the weather has deteriorated. You don't have hidden reserve. And they take you warm and rape your wife in front of you, and take your children into slavery. The reduction of swear words to ordinary ones discharges the people, makes them lethargic and flabby.

MYTHS AND TRUTH ABOUT RUSSIAN MATE

There are a lot of myths around Russian mats that do not correspond to reality. For example, Russian linguists and historians spread two myths about swearing: that Russians began to swear in response to the "Tatar-Mongol yoke" and that swearing is allegedly "a product of Slavic paganism."

In fact, the Slavs never swear. Including among Belarusians and Ukrainians, as well as among the Poles, before the Russian occupation of 1795, only “whore” (corrupt girl) and “cholera” (disease) were the worst curses. Neither Kievan Rus, nor the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, nor the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth have preserved a single document with swearing and not a single order of the authorities on the fight against swearing, although in Muscovy there is a huge abundance of such documents.

If not for the Russian occupation, then the Belarusians (Litvins), Ukrainians and Poles would not swear even today. Today, however, the Poles still almost do not swear, and the Slovaks and Czechs do not swear at all.

And this is quite normal, because most of the peoples of the world do not know mats - just as the Slavs, Balts, Romans, Germans did not know them. Their sexual vocabulary is extremely scarce (compared to Russian), and many languages ​​generally do not use sexual themes when using foul language. For example, the French “con” conveys the name of both the male and female genital organs with different articles, and the limit of French profanity is simply to call the opponent with this word. And only in English language and only at the beginning of the 20th century, and only in the USA, did the curse “mother fucker” appear, which has no analogue in Europe, and which was a tracing paper of Russian obscenities - it was introduced into the US language by emigrants from Russia (see V. Butler “The Origin of Jargon in the USA”, 1981, New York).

Thus, swearing is not at all a “product of Slavic paganism”, because the pagan Slavs did not swear.

A myth is also the judgment that "in ancient Russia cursed." In Kievan Rus, no one swearing - swearing only in Muscovy, but she was just Rus and was not.

Historians find the first mention of the strange habit of Muscovites to speak obscenities in 1480, when the prince Vasily III along with dry law, he demanded that Muscovites stop swearing. Then Ivan the Terrible ordered to "click on the auction" so that the Muscovites "would not scold and reproach each other with all sorts of indecent speeches."

Then the German traveler Olearius, who arrived in Muscovy, noted with regret the widest prevalence of swearing: “Small children who still do not know how to name either God, or mother, or father, already have obscene words on their lips.”
In 1648, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich conceived “to exterminate the infection” and gave a royal decree that “they shouldn’t sing demonic songs, swear words and all obscene barking ... Christian law for the fury of being from Us in great disgrace and in cruel punishment.

Moscow priest Yakov Krotov notes:

“Throughout both the 17th and most of the 18th centuries, in Muscovy, swearing was calm. A simple example: near the Savinno-Storozhevsky Zvenigorod Monastery, located three kilometers from Zvenigorod, a stream flows, and in all scribe books, starting from the end of the 16th century, when the first one was compiled, the scribes recorded the name of this stream flowing through the land, which was completely normal. belonged to the monastery. The first letter was "p", the second half ended in "ohy". Who went here to bathe from Zvenigorod, a few kilometers away? Not quite clear. But anyway, in late XVIII century, when a general survey of Russia is carried out, compiling a complete map Russian Empire, by decree of Catherine the Great, all names that contain obscene vocabulary, obscene roots, are replaced with more harmonious ones. Since then, this Zvenigorod stream has also been renamed.

Until now, on the maps of Muscovy-Russia, there were thousands of toponyms and hydronyms created on the basis of swear words.

There was nothing like that at that time either in Belarus-Lithuania or in Russia-Ukraine then - there the people did not know mats.

This circumstance could be explained by the fact that the Belarusians and Ukrainians were never under the Horde, and the Muscovites lived in the Horde for three hundred years, and then seized power in it, joining the Horde to Muscovy. After all, earlier Soviet historians thought so: that the obscenities of the Muscovites were supposedly their response to the "Tatar-Mongol yoke."

For example, Vladimir Kantor, a novelist and member of the editorial board of the Russian journal Questions of Philosophy, recently wrote:

“But in Russia, during the time of the Tatars, the word “eble” appears, which is a derivative for us, Russian people, of course, is associated with reproach to the mother and so on, in Turkic it simply meant to marry. The Tatar, capturing the girl, said that he "eble" her, that is, he takes her. But for any Russian commoner who had his daughter, wife, sister taken away, he committed violence against a woman, and as a result, this word acquired the absolute character of rape. What are swear words? This is the language of the raped, that is, of that lower stratum, which feels all the time outside the zone of high culture and civilization, humiliated, insulted, raped. And like any raped slave, he is ready to use this violence in relation to his comrade, and if possible, of course, to a noble one.

At first glance, the version appears to be collapsible. However, she is wrong.

Firstly, the current Tatars of Kazan (then the Bulgars) just like that “were languishing from Tatar yoke”(for Kazan was equally a vassal of the Tatars, like Moscow), but for some reason no mats were born to the world.

Secondly, the Tatars of the Horde were not Turks, but were a mixture of Turkic and Finno-Ugric tribes. For this reason, they attached the Finns of Suzdal-Muscovy (Mordva, Moksha, Erzya, Murom, Merya, Chud, Meshchera, Perm) to the Horde and sought to unite all the Finno-Ugric peoples leaving the Volga for Europe, including those who reached Hungary, the people who were considered "theirs by right".

Thirdly, there was no "Tatar yoke". Moscow paid the Tatars only a tax (half of which she left herself for the work of collecting it - on which she rose) and put up her Moscow army for service in the army of the Horde. It has never happened that the Tatars captured the girls of Muscovy as wives - these are modern inventions. As slaves - they were captured during wars, but just like hundreds of thousands of Slavs were captured by Muscovites themselves (for example, 300 thousand Belarusians were captured by Muscovites as slaves in the war of 1654-1657). But a slave is not a wife.

Generally speaking, this whole version of Vladimir Kantor is “sucked” out of thin air only on two dubious grounds: on the presence of the word “eble” (to marry) in the Turkic language and on the myth about the notorious “Tatar yoke”. This is very little, especially since other main obscene words of the Russian language remain without explanation. And how were they formed?

Although I must note that this hypothesis of Kantor is already a kind of breakthrough in the topic, because earlier Soviet historians generally wrote that the Muscovites simply adopted the obscenities from the Tatar-Mongols, they say - they taught the Muscovites to swear. However, neither in the language of the Turks, nor in the language of the Mongols, there are any obscenities.

So there are two serious circumstances that completely refute Kantor's hypothesis about the origin of one of the Russian mats from the Turkic word "eble" (to marry).

1. Excavations by Academician Valentin Yanin in Novgorod led in 2006 to the discovery of birch bark letters with mats. They are much older than the arrival of the Tatars in the Suzdal principality. What puts the BOLD CROSS on the general attempt of historians to link the obscenities of the Muscovites with the language of the Tatars (Turkic).

Moreover, these mats on the birch bark letters of Novgorod coexist with elements of the Finnish vocabulary - that is, the people who wrote them were not Slavs (colonists encouraged Rurik, who sailed from Polabye and built Novgorod here), but local semi-Slavic colonists of Rurik, Finns (or Sami, or a miracle, all, Muroma).

2. There is one more people in Europe, besides the Muscovites, who have been swearing for a thousand years - and THE SAME RUSSIAN MATTERS.

These are Hungarians.

THE TRUTH ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF RUSSIAN MATES

For the first time, Russian historians learned about the Hungarian mats quite recently - and were extremely surprised: after all, the Hungarians are not Slavs, but Finno-Ugric peoples. Yes, and were not under any " Tatar-Mongol yoke”, For they left the Volga for Central Europe centuries before the birth of Genghis Khan and Batu. For example, the Moscow researcher of the topic Evgeny Petrenko is extremely discouraged by this fact and admits in one of the publications that "this completely confuses the issue of the origin of Russian obscenities."

In fact, this does not confuse the question, but just gives a complete answer.

The Hungarians have been using mats, absolutely similar to those of Muscovy, since the very time they came to Europe from the Volga.

It is clear that Kantor's hypothesis about the origin of one of the Russian mats from the Turkic word "eble" (to marry) is in no way applicable to the Hungarians, because the Turks did not force their girls to marry. And there are no Turks around the Hungarians in Central Europe.

Yevgeny Petrenko notes that the Serbian swear expression "fucking slut in a pichka" appeared historically recently - only 250 years ago, and was adopted by the Serbs from the Hungarians during the period when Serbia fell from the Turkish yoke under the rule of Austria-Hungary under Empress Maria Theresa. The Hungarian annals of the Middle Ages are full of such obscenities that did not exist anywhere else and no one around (Slavs, Austrians, Germans, Italians, etc., including the Turks). Their Serbs were then carried by the Hungarian colonial administration, the Hungarian army and the Hungarian aristocracy.

Why are the mats of the Hungarians absolutely identical to the mats of the Muscovites?

There can be only one answer: THESE ARE FINNO-UGRIAN MATS.

Let me remind you that Hungarians, Estonians, Finns and Russians are one and the same Finnish ethnic group. The Russians, however, were partly Slavicized by the Kievan priests, who planted Orthodoxy among them. But studies of the gene pool of the Russian nation, conducted in 2000-2006 by the Russian Academy of Sciences (which we previously talked about in detail), showed that Russians are absolutely identical in genes to the Finnish ethnic group: Mordovians, Komi, Estonians, Finns and Hungarians.

Which should not be surprising, because all of Central Russia (historical Muscovy) is the land of the Finnish peoples, and all its toponyms are Finnish: Moscow (Moksha people), Ryazan (Erzya people), Murom (Murom people), Perm (Perm people) etc.

The only "blank spot" is the question of the ancient presence of mats in Estonia and Finland. Judging by the fact that the birch bark letters of Novgorod with mats could highly likely written by the Saami (and not the Chud or Murom), who also inhabited Estonia and Finland, mats should have been from ancient times among Estonians and Finns too. This nuance needs clarification.

On the other hand, in the Finno-Ugric ethnic groups, mats could give birth precisely to the Ugrians. That is, the Hungarians and those who remained to live in the lands of the future Muscovy are related to them. The Ugric group of languages ​​today includes only the Hungarian language and the Ob-Ugric Khanty and Mansi. In the past, this group was much more powerful, including, presumably, the people of the Pechenegs, who went with the Hungarians to Central Europe and along the way settled widely over the Crimea and in the steppes of the Don (they were allegedly exterminated by the Tatars). In Muscovy itself, the main ethnos was the Mordovian ethnos Moksha (Moksel in its language), which gave the name to the Moksva River (Moks moksha + Va water), changed in the Kiev language to the more harmonious Slavs "Moscow". And the Erzya ethnic group (with the capital Erzya and the state of Great Erzya, later changed to Ryazan). In the Permian group of Komi and Udmurts, the state of Great Permia stood out. All this is the historical territory of the original distribution of mats.

Thus, the very term "Russian obscenities" is absurd. For they are not Russian at all (in the understanding of Russia as Kiev State), and Finnish. Remaining in the language of the native Finnish population of Muscovy as subjects of their pre-Slavic language.

ESSENCE OF MATES

What is the essence of Russian mats?

It is clear that Russian researchers of the issue have always been embarrassed by the fact that the Russians have obscenities, while the Slavs and other Indo-Europeans do not have them at all. Therefore, in this matter, the Russians always, under the bushel of a certain “inferiority complex”, instead of scientific consideration, tried to justify themselves or “make amends”. They tried to drag the Slavs to swearing - they say, this is Slavic paganism. But it did not work out - because the Slavs never swore, and the Russians are not Slavs. They tried to show that Russian mats were invented not just like that, but in response to the yoke of the Tatars. And it did not work out: the Hungarians had exactly the same obscenities, but they did not have any “Tatar yoke”.

In fairness, it should be said that the Russians are really the unfortunate people of the former Finnish ethnic groups, whose fate over the past thousand years is simply terrible.

At first, he was conquered as their slaves by the younger princes of Kiev, who simply did not get their own principalities in Kievan Rus. Since there were no Slavs here in the future Muscovy, the princes and their squads treated the local Finnish population as slaves. Exactly Kiev princes introduced serfdom in Muscovy (that is, slavery), which was wild in Kiev in relation to the peasants of their ethnic group. Let me remind you that neither in Ukraine, nor in Belarus-Lithuania, there was never serfdom before the Russian occupation of 1795, and besides Muscovy, serfdom existed in Europe in only one place - in Prussia, where the Germans made slaves of local Prussians-foreigners in exactly the same way and local Slavs.

Then these Finnish lands enslaved by Kievan Rus fell under the rule of the Horde of the Trans-Volga Tatars, whose capital was located near the present Volgograd. They created the Empire of the Turks and Finno-Ugric peoples, so mentally the Suzdal lands were drawn to the Horde, and not to the Indo-European Rus of Kiev and Lithuania-Belarus ON (the country of the Western Balts). Moreover, the princely elite of the lands of the future Muscovy found in the Horde a very successful justification for their slave-owning power over the local Finnish population: Eastern traditions elevated rulers to the rank of God, which Europeans never had, including Byzantium and the Russian Orthodox Church of Kiev, which baptized Russia.

These two main arguments forever turned Muscovy away from Russia and Kiev, created a new eastern type of state - a complete satrapy.

Therefore, the Finno-Russians (Muscovites) had every reason to swear at everyone: they lived freely only in their national Finnish states (from which only Finnish toponyms remained) before the arrival of the Kiev enslavers. And then came a thousand years of complete slavery: first slavery as part of Kievan Rus, then the same slavery, but already when the Tatar enslavers sat on top of the Kiev enslavers, and then the enslavers began to be called "Moscow Sovereigns." Until 1864 (the abolition of serfdom), the people remained in the state of enslaved natives, that is, slaves, and the aristocracy despised them equally with the same degree of contempt, as the British and French despised the Negroes of Africa conquered by them in the 19th century.

Yes, from such a millennial oppression of Kievan Rus, the Horde and then Muscovy-Russia, there is enough hatred in the Finnish people to give birth to obscenities - like native slang for swearing against the oppressors.

But ... We see that these mats existed among the Finno-Ugric peoples even before they were enslaved by their neighbors from the West and from the East. And they exist among the Hungarians, who very successfully fled from the Volga to Europe, avoiding the fate of their fellow tribesmen.

This means that the mats of the Finno-Ugric peoples did not originate at all as a response to the enslavers, but as something of their own, purely primordial and without any external influence. For the Finno-Ugric people ALWAYS swore.

Some researchers express the following point of view: mats are part of a certain mystical culture, in a series of conspiracies or curses. Including some (A. Filippov, S.S. Drozd) find that a number of obscene curses in essence mean not something offensive, but a wish for death. For example, going to "n ...", as they write, means a desire to go where you were born, that is, to leave life again into oblivion.

Is it so? I doubt.

Did the Finno-Ugric peoples in the past, in the era of the birth of mats, have such a mystical culture in which the sexual themes of swearing would be used? Personally, it's hard for me to imagine. Yes, sexual themes are present in all ancient peoples - but as symbols of fertility. But in our case, we are talking about something completely different. And there is simply no "mystical culture" or "pagan cults" here.

It seems to me that the Moscow priest Yakov Krotov finds the essence of mats most correctly:

“One of the modern Orthodox publicists, hegumen Veniamin Novik, published several articles against foul language, against obscene abuse. In these articles, he emphasizes that swearing is associated with materialism. There is a kind of play on words, with diamat. “Why is detente, and swearing, swearing, this is often justified as an emotional discharge, should occur,” Abbot Veniamin writes, “at the expense of other people? The swearer certainly needs someone to hear him. Swearing is, first of all, a symptom evolutionary underdevelopment. Biologists know that in the animal kingdom there is a pronounced connection between aggressiveness and sexuality, and some "especially gifted" (Hegumen Veniamin writes sarcastically) individuals use their genitals to intimidate the enemy. same verbally. Exhibitionists are just more consistent." This is a refutation of foul language and a rebuff to it from the standpoint of a modern, well-educated person.

Exactly.

The Indo-Europeans did not swear, because their proto-ethnos was formed as more progressive and excluding monkey habits in communication "to use their genitals to intimidate the enemy." But the pro-ethnos of the Finno-Ugric peoples, who are not Indo-Europeans, was formed in a different way - and used monkey habits.

That's the whole difference: Russians and Hungarians swear because they are not Indo-Europeans. And because their ancestors developed differently than the Indo-Europeans - in a completely different cultural environment.

Moreover, the use of obscenities in communication necessarily retrospectively means that in the distant past, the ancestors of Russians and Hungarians used these obscenities as an illustration of ACTIONS - that is, the Finno-Ugric people used to show genitals to an opponent as a SIGN OF INSULT. And various other obscene ACTIONS.

Seems wild? But this is no more savagery than the very fact of the almost COMPLETE approval of mats in Russia - primarily by cultural figures. How, for example, to relate to such statements: GALINA ZHEVNOVA, Chief Editor The joint editorial office of Gubernskiye Izvestia shares with readers: “I have a positive attitude towards obscenity. The Russian person has two ways of letting off steam. The first is vodka, the second is mat. Let it be better mat.

Why don’t other peoples have “ways to release steam” only in the form of vodka and mat? And why is mat “better” than vodka?

WHY IS MAT BETTER THAN VODKA?

In Russia, they do not understand that swearing destroys the foundations of the Society. Checkmate, being the animal behavior of "use one's genitals to intimidate one's opponent", is already antisocial. But after all, swearing has evolved compared to animals: the very name “mate” means an insult to the opponent’s mother in sexual violence by the speaker. What animals don't have.

For the Finno-Ugric peoples (Russians and Hungarians), this may be their own normal local traditional form of communication. But for the Indo-Europeans, this is unacceptable.

Each of us was a child and knows that any muck easily penetrates into children's brains. So the mats of the Hungarians and Russians were introduced in Europe not through our adult Europeans, but through children who had contact with the children of these peoples speaking obscenely. This fact alone shows that swearing enters the minds of people through the corruption of our children and, in fact, differs little from child pornography or the seduction of minors.

Let there in Russia always communicated with obscenities. But why should we imitate them? Our ancestors did not know these alien mats.

It is very bad when the sexual education of children begins with the knowledge of obscenities and their meaning. It was exactly the same with me: teenagers taught me mats and explained their meaning - they were the pioneers for me of the mysteries of the relationship between a man and a woman - through mats.

This is fine? This is absolutely not normal.

Therefore, the opinion of the editor of a Russian newspaper that mats are better than vodka seems completely erroneous. Our children do not drink vodka at the age of 10, but they learn to use obscenities. What for?

Russian publicists say with pride and joy that Russian obscenities completely replace any transmission of thought and concepts in general. Olga Kvirkvelia, head of the Russian educational Christian center "Faith and Thought", a Catholic, in the program "Radio Liberty" in February 2002 said about the mat: "In principle, mat, like a good mat, real, not the street that we hear today, it's just a sacred language that you can really tell absolutely everything. I became interested in obscenities when I accidentally heard in the Novgorod region, in a village, how my grandmother explained to my grandfather how to plant cucumbers. Not obscene were only pretexts, it is clear perfectly. She did not swear, she very affectionately, very friendly explained how to plant cucumbers correctly. This is a language that, unfortunately, we have practically lost and turned into something vulgar, vile, vile and bad. Actually it is not. And it reflects very deep layers of consciousness.”

I'm shocked. Why can't a grandmother talk normally about planting cucumbers in normal human terms, but replace them all with sexual terms? Olga Kvirkvelia sees this in "sacred language". What is "sacred" in it, except for the animal display of its genitals?

She also says that "This is a language that, unfortunately, we have practically lost." It turns out that the Finno-Ugric language of Russians and Hungarians is the language of complete obscenities, where all concepts are replaced by them?

Unfortunately, everything bad and nasty tends to spread around like a disease. So Russia brought its mats to the neighboring conquered peoples of Belarusians, Ukrainians, Balts, Caucasians, the peoples of Central Asia, who speak their own language, but insert Finnish mats through the word. So the Finnish "sacred words" became the everyday vocabulary of distant Uzbeks. Moreover, they began to swear in the United States - already in English, and it is quite normal to see a plot in the movie "Police Academy", the action of which takes a long time to unfold against the backdrop of an inscription in Russian written on a telephone booth of the familiar three letters "x ..". Who wrote it there? Yankees?

But there is no such thing anywhere else in the world: to write obscenities on the walls. And even Vysotsky noticed: in public French toilets there are inscriptions in Russian. Writing swear words on a wall is tantamount to the animal behavior of displaying genitals. What the "sacred" eastern neighbors do like monkeys. This is the exhibitionism of the eastern neighbor.

Is this behavior normal for us Europeans, including Belarusians and Ukrainians? Of course not, because we cannot express anything sacred, that is, sacred, simply because our ancestors did not know mats. These mats are alien and alien to us.

In our European languages there are enough means to express any concepts without obscenities, just as there are no obscenities in the works of Lev Tolstov. He did not use the "sacred language", but created literary masterpieces of world culture and the Russian language. Which already means that the Russian language will not lose anything without these mats. And only get rich

Some people don't swear at all. Someone inserts abuse through the word. Most use strong words at least occasionally. What is a Russian mat and where did it come from?

The Russian mat has a rich history
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Attention! The text contains profanity.

The notorious social opinion does not allow studying the good old mat. Most of the researchers who have chosen such a difficult path complain about this. Therefore, there is very little literature on the mat.

One of the mysteries of Russian profanity is the origin of the word “mat” itself. According to one hypothesis, initially "mat" means "voice". That is why phrases such as “shouting good obscenities” have come down to us. However, the generally accepted version reduces the word "mat" to "mother", therefore - "swear at mother", "send to hell" and so on.
Another problem with swearing is the impossibility of compiling an accurate list of swear words, because some native speakers mark certain words as obscene, others do not. So, for example, is the case with the word "gondon". However, typical swear words come from just four to seven roots.

It is known that different peoples have a different "reserve" of the mat, which can be raised to different areas. Russian swearing, like the abuse of many other cultures, is tied to the sexual sphere. But this is far from being the case for all nations, since there are a number of cultures where everything related to sex is not taboo in any way. For example, among the indigenous population of New Zealand - the Maori people. One of the tribes - the ancestor of the Maoritans - quite "officially" was called "ure faith", which means "hot penises", or "hot penis". In European culture, the sphere of mating, by the way, is also not necessarily associated with sexual relations. If you look at the Germanic languages, it becomes clear that there many curses are associated with bowel movements.

The basis of Russian obscene vocabulary, as in many other languages, is the so-called "obscene triad": the male genital organ ("x.y"), the female genital organ (p..da), and the verb describing the process of copulation ("e ..t”). Interestingly, the Russian language is characterized by the complete absence of designations for these words of literary native Russian terms. They are replaced either by naked Latin and soulless medical equivalents, or by emotional ones - swear words.

In addition to the obscene triad, the Russian mate is also characterized by the word “bl.d” - the only one that does not mean genitals and copulation, but comes from the Slavic bleed, which translated into Russian means "fornication - delusion, error, sin." In Church Slavonic, the word "bliss" means "to lie, deceive, slander."

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Also popular are "m..de" (male testicles), "man.a" (female genitalia) and "e.da" (male genitalia).

Aleksey Plutser-Sarno, a well-known researcher of Russian swearing, proposes to take the above seven lexemes as the basis for the concept of Russian swearing, citing, however, another 35 roots that survey participants considered as obscene (among them, by the way, such words as “eat” and “vomit” ).

Despite the very limited number of roots, the Russian mat is characterized by just a gigantic number of derivative words. In addition to existing ones, new ones are constantly emerging. So, the researcher V. Raskin cites far from complete list derivatives from the word "e..t" (only verbs): you.bat, you.by.by, do.bat, do.bat, forget stop.. to.. to.. to.. to.. to.. to. to. to. to. time .. fight, s .. bat, s .. be, s .. bat, y .. bat, etc.

No one knows for sure where the Russian mat came from. The once popular hypothesis that we got it “from the Mongol-Tatar yoke” (“Tatar version”) was completely refuted with the discovery of Novgorod birch bark letters of the 12th-13th centuries. It was not possible to fall on the yoke. This is understandable, because foul language is one way or another typical, apparently, for all languages ​​of the world.

But there are other versions. Two of them are the main ones. The first is that the Russian mat is associated with erotic pagan rites that played an important role in agricultural magic. The second is that swear words in Russia once had a different meaning, for example, a double one. But over time, one of the meanings was forced out, or they were merged together, turning the meaning of the word into a negative one.