The salaries of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the year are the last. How much does a police officer earn in Russia? Impact of qualifications on police salaries

The profession of a firefighter is one of the most difficult professions in the world. You can learn to climb a retractable ladder, use a gas mask, move in thick smoke, run, jump, lift weights ... but the most difficult thing is to be ready at every moment to risk your life in order to save someone else.

At all times, people have faced fires. And at all times they were rescued, they were lent a helping hand by those who were near. They sympathized with those in trouble, empathized. This ability to sympathize with a stranger, to perceive someone else's grief as their own, is characteristic of many people. But to some - to a special degree. So they become professional firefighters, from such people the subdivisions of the State Fire Service are formed.

A real firefighter does not know what fatigue is, he does not know the words "I can not." At any time of the day, in any weather, in heat and severe frost, in any condition and mood, he is ready to go into fire and water. Firefighters have such a concept as a combat crew - a team that goes to a fire. The name is very accurate.

To save and help, this is the goal that firefighters face every day. An extreme situation for them is a regular situation, an ordinary weekday. Human grief is what they see in front of them all the time. According to doctors, each trip to a fire in its negative impact on the human body is equivalent to a pre-infarction state.

A representative of this profession must have a strong psyche, high stress resistance - after all, events develop unpredictably, and not all people can be saved, sometimes they die before our eyes, and this must be experienced.This is where stress doubles. Often firefighters are accused of cynicism in relation to someone else's grief, they say there is a corpse lying there, and they are standing a stone's throw away ... You don't know what a firefighter feels when he stumbles upon a dead body in the smoke, hoping to find living there? ... understand and excuse me, these smiles and this laughter are just a defensive reaction of the body, a response of the psyche to stress (double stress).

In addition to good physical fitness, in addition to high moral qualities and psychological stability, a modern fire safety specialist must have a broad outlook, deep professional knowledge that is not inferior in level and depth to the knowledge of professionals - builders, technologists, designers and other highly qualified specialists.

The firefighter must know the rules of first aid,be able to use rescue equipment, know safety precautions, be able to work at height. You must have excellent health, high endurance, physical strength, because onlystandard firefighter equipment weighs about 20-30 kg, and with it you need to move quickly, maneuver during a fire, walk up to the upper floors on foot (since using the elevator during a fire is strictly prohibited for safety reasons).

When an alarm is received, the soldiers of the guard on duty must put on special clothing (combat) in 20-25 seconds, then immediately get into the fire truck and leave, the time of departure of the fire guard should not exceed 40 seconds from the moment the alarm is received by the unit. The lives of many people often depend on how quickly the car arrives at the place of call.

Upon arrival, firefighters determine what is burning and where, what actions should be taken, it is in the first minutes of the firefighters' arrival that the outcome of the battle with fire is decided. Perhaps there are already casualties or the first arriving forces and means may not be enough, but everything further depends on the RTP (fire extinguishing leader) and the correct and quick actions of the firefighters who arrived first to the place of the call. It is necessary to deploy the hose lines in one and a half to two minutes and connect them to a local water supply (fire hydrant or install a car on an open reservoir), if any, or to a tank. Localization and elimination of a fire can last from several minutes to several days. If the arrived forces to fight the fire are not enough, help is called (additional forces and means by an increased call number). After extinguishing the fire, the head of extinguishing the fire (usually the head of the guard or the commander of the squad) must report the results of the operation to his fire department via the radio station and draw up a fire report, and in addition, take 6-10 pictures of the scene with a mobile phone and send the MMS to the Central point fire service in Bratsk.

After the fire is extinguished, interrogators begin to work, who investigate the causes of the fire, look for the perpetrators, if any, confirm the legality of the firefighters' actions if they have caused material damage (for example, a room with computers is flooded with water, which deteriorated as a result).

Well, for the prevention of incidents, there are fire inspectors (inspectors of the State Fire Supervision) who check safety in various institutions, and also work with the population, conduct conversations with schoolchildren, etc.

GPN employees work a day, and firefighters on guard work in shifts, if there are no calls, they conduct classes, trainings and exercises at protected facilities, develop operational documentation for extinguishing fires.

It is recommended to master this profession for people who are decisive, courageous, responsible, have a strong character, willpower, clear coordination of movements, quick reactions. There are quite a few contraindications for such work, you just need to have excellent health, here the medical commission is even stricter than the military one.

The wages are not very high, but they usually go to work as firefighters not in order to get rich, but because they feel a vocation for this business. Career prospects for a firefighter, as well as for a military one: the growth of ranks, the occupation of command positions in the relevant structures.

In Russia (and probably all over the world) there is a kind of firefighting brotherhood. If a firefighter turns out to be in another region, in another city and he has any problems, he can safely come to any unit of the fire service of this region (city) - and colleagues will definitely help him.

The profession of a firefighter is difficult and not rewarding, but very noble.

Firefighters, by the way, are often offended if they are called firefighters. After all, this word used to mean not fighters with fire, but completely different concepts:

In the criminal-thieves environment, the word "fireman" has a meaning - a thief who commits thefts during fires under the pretext of saving valuables (dictionary of prison-camp thieves jargon edited by DS Baldaev);

In pre-revolutionary Russia "firemen" were called pseudo-burners who pretended to be victims of the fire in order to evoke compassion and receive alms or persons who set the fire on fire.

"The work of firefighters"

Performed by Abugareeva Milana

Pupil 2 "G" class

Firefighters work

Any of us can put out a fire or even a lit towel in the kitchen. But when it comes to a full-scale fire, then brave professionals enter the battle with the elements. Name them - firefighters

The profession of a firefighter is one of the most difficult professions in the world. You can learn to climb a retractable ladder, use a gas mask, move in thick smoke, run, jump, lift weights ... But the most difficult thing is to be ready at every moment to risk your life in order to save someone else.

The firefighter's working day is a shift, it starts at 8.00 in the morning and ends only the next morning, again at 8.00.

An employee of the rescue service must be brave and hardy, dexterous; strong; disciplined; attentive. Must be able to quickly make decisions and provide first aid to victims of a fire; support your comrades.

Also, the firefighter must be in excellent physical shape. Only the standard outfit of a firefighter weighs about 30 kg, and with it you need to go down a special pole to the car, move quickly, maneuver during a fire, walk up to the upper floors on foot (after all, using the elevator during a fire is strictly prohibited for safety reasons). A firefighter must be able to use rescue equipment, know safety precautions, and be able to work at height.

Firefighters constantly conduct special exercises, go to sports halls, so that during not a training, but a real fire, they can show their agility, strength, and dexterity. They work out possible situations during a fire. For example, throw a rescue rope onto a windowsill and climb up on it for six seconds.

People have great respect for firefighters, believe in their strength and kindness. Therefore, very often they call not only because of the fire. They ask to save dogs falling into holes or cats climbing trees. Although firefighters are not rescuers, but whenever possible, they try to help in any trouble.

Firefighters have special clothing to protect them during a fire. It is made of a special fabric that hardly burns. They have a steel helmet on their heads, and strong and comfortable boots on their feet.

Firefighters have special vehicles, they are equipped with a water tank, a tank with special foam, long hoses - sleeves, a folding ladder. The fire engine also has a siren. As they race through the streets, all other cars give way to the loud sound of a fire siren. When a car, together with a fire brigade, arrives at a fire, the firefighters assess the complexity of the fire, and, if necessary, call in several more vehicles with firefighters and start extinguishing.

To extinguish the fire, firefighters fill it with water from special hoses. Water is pumped into the hoses by a pump, which firefighters bring in a fire engine. In addition, the fire is extinguished with special foam contained in fire extinguishers. Firefighters fearlessly sneak into burning buildings, rescue people. They are helped by a high folding ladder, along which they get inside the burning house through windows and balconies.

Relevance

Sooner or later, a person faces the problem of choosing a profession. We paid attention to the profession of a firefighter, because nowadays in our country young people increasingly consider the profession of a firefighter to be prestigious. Every day more and more people need the help of rescuers and firefighters.

Topchy Valery Valeryevich came to our school. He works in Verkhnedobrin fire station No. 95, as a senior firefighter of the third shift. Valery Valerievich told us a lot about his service. We also did not stand aside, we read a lot, watched programs about firefighters, looked for information on the Internet, visited the virtual museum of the history of the fire department of Russia, made a virtual educational trip to the Berlin Museum and an excursion to the Verkhnedobrin fire station No. 95(GKU of the Volgograd region "Fire service of the Volgograd region in the Kamyshinsky district") ... We conducted a sociological survey of students and found out what our children think about the difficulties of this profession.

Object and subject of research: we and the profession of a firefighter.

Hypothesis

Find out that the main problems arising as a result of activities in the profession of a firefighter are: stress, high physical activity.

Goals

Attracting the attention of students to the profession of a firefighter, which is necessary to save people's lives, state and personal property.

Methods

Theoretical method:

study special literature,

find information on the Internet;

practical method:

excursion to the fire department;

an interview with a specialist from the fire department;

conduct a sociological survey;

bring and compare statistics on fires in our area.

THE CONTENT OF THE WORK

Introduction

Main part:

How were fires extinguished in the old days?

How do you become a firefighter? Where do they study?

Do firefighters have drills?

How is the fire station arranged?

Where do 01 calls go?

The composition of the combat crew

What are hardware?

Virtual museums:
-Museum of the history of the fire protection of Russia

- Museum of fire protection of the city of Moscow

Virtual educational trip to the Berlin Museum

Interview with Valery Valeryevich Topchim, senior firefighter of the third shift of Verkhnedobrin fire station No. 95.

Conclusion and conclusion

Sources and Literature

Main part. How were fires extinguished in the old days?

Many years ago primitive people learned what fire is. Later, people had to come up with ways to fight fires, because fire sometimes becomes a real disaster.

For many centuries, fires were extinguished "by the whole world." Bells ringing announced a fire, and residents of neighboring houses fled to help extinguish the fire. In villages where the houses were almost entirely wooden, the fire was especially terrible. The villagers stood up in a chain from the well to the burning house, passing buckets of water to each other. Often the houses next to them were destroyed to keep the rest of the village from fire. But the frightened crowd of people often interfered with the extinguishing of the fire more than they helped. In the fight against fire, a small organized group of specially trained people is more successful.

When and how did the fire department appear?

The profession of "firefighter" is very ancient. The first firefighters appeared in ancient Rome.During the night rounds of the city, the slaves not only kept order, but also extinguished the fires. About 300 BC, wealthy Romans were already creating the first paid fire brigades. They were called "vigilia", which means "awake." These firefighters were also police officers at night. The wealthiest Romans maintained "personal" fire brigades. When extinguishing fires, slaves used bronze buckets and earthen vessels.

The first legislators in the field of fire safety were the Germans, and at the beginning of the 17th century, the first fire brigades appeared in Germany.

In Russia, the fire brigade was created in 1803,by order of Emperor Alexander I,first in St. Petersburg, then in Moscow. By 1853, fire brigades were already in 460 cities of Russia.

Now there are fire brigades in every city.

How do you get firefighters? Where do they study?

To become a firefighter, you must first of all have excellent health and the appropriate age (from 18 years old). Anyone who wants to become a professional firefighter should learn a trade or master a technical profession, such as becoming an auto repairman, mechanic, locksmith or electrician. Candidates for firefighters enroll in courses where they study equipment, respiratory protection devices and fire law in every detail.

University:

The safety of society is inconceivable without the training of specialists of a special category: professionals in the prevention and elimination of emergencies. People's lives often depend on the ability to correctly apply their knowledge, efficiency and readiness to make decisions in the most difficult situations ...

In the EMERCOM system of Russia, specialists are trained by 5 higher educational institutions:

The Civil Protection Academy is the first university in the country to train rescue engineers and leaders of rescue teams;

Academy of the State Fire Service;

St. Petersburg University of State Fire Service;

Ivanovo and Ural institutes of the Federal Border Guard Service.

Secondary vocational education can be obtained:

Technical Fire and Rescue College №57.

Voronezh fire-technical school.

Volgodonsk training center FPS

Volgograd UMC (State Budgetary Educational Institution of Additional Professional Education "Educational and Methodological Center for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Fire Safety of the Volgograd Region")

Courses:
Podolsk training center of the federal fire service. Here you can take 11-month courses and apply for the posts of chiefs of guards and inspectors of the State Fire Supervision.

Do firefighters have drills?

Firefighters need to act clearly and quickly, i.e. know your tasks and responsibilities well. Therefore, they have regular exercises. For example, in artificially smoke-filled rooms, they improve their work in gas masks. On purpose-built building facades, they practice climbing stairs to save people. Good physical shape is as important to them as skillful handling of special technical equipment. A correct understanding of tactical combat missions is as important as specialized knowledge of building construction and firefighting equipment. All of this is taught in technical classes.

How is the fire station arranged?

The fire department is a whole town. There are workshops, a shower room, a room where gas masks and fire extinguishers are stored, and much more. More than 100 people are doing what they learned earlier, working in their specialty. A large fire department is on alert 24 hours a day.

Where do 01 calls go?

The control center is the heart of the fire department. There are a lot of consoles, monitors, computers, printers, displays, and departure boards.

In the control center for the forces and means of fire extinguishing sit firemen, dispatchers who receive messages about fires. Having received the call, they quickly give an alarm signal to the fire department located closest to the place of fire, sending there the required number of fire trucks, as well as ambulances and, if any, rescue services.

What does a modern firefighter look like?

Clothing and equipment of a modern firefighter can be very diverse. The material for combat (protective) clothing was selected depending on what tasks would have to be performed in it. However, any material undergoes special processing, due to which it practically does not burn. In addition to protective clothing, firefighters also have a casual uniform, very similar to the military one.

When leaving for a mission, firefighters put on:

Combat clothing (combat clothing) made of hardly flammable material with reflective stripes;

Protective helmet (hard hat), leather gloves - leggings;

If a firefighter has to be on fire for a long time, he puts on a suit covered with a layer of aluminum. Acting in strong smoke, the firefighter breathes with a gas mask connected to a cylinder containing compressed air. In the event of a fire or accident at a chemical plant or nuclear power plant, firefighters work in special suits that protect them from harmful substances and radioactive radiation.

Heat protective suit

Previously, firefighters' clothes were sewn from special fabrics with asbestos threads. Now it is sewn from metallized fabric, fine fiberglass or synthetic fiber. The suits have different degrees of protection.

Chemical - acid protection suit

It is sometimes necessary in case of accidents at chemical plants. These suits also have different degrees of protection - corresponding to the level of danger at the emergency facility.

Road safety

The clothes of the fire-control officer are made of bright, highly visible fabric, most often polyester. On the bright red vest, there are reflective silver stripes that are visible in the dark even from a long distance.

The composition of the combat crew

A combat crew of several vehicles and teams leaves for the fire. The team is divided into groups, each with its own task: firefighting, rescue and evacuation of people, fire prevention in nearby buildings. If necessary, a rescue vehicle. The combat crew consists of the initial combat crew, command squads and rank-and-file fighters. The composition of the combat crew is indicated by numbers, for example - 1/2/16. This means that the team consists of a crew commander, two squad leaders and sixteen firefighters. Among them there are fighters, mechanics, messengers.

What is "hardware"?

Firefighters use many fire trucks in their work. One of the main ones is the machine for extinguishing and auxiliary actions. And there are also special vehicles that are not in every fire department. All fire trucks are red. Leaving on a call, they have the right of preferential passage (that is, they must be allowed by all other cars) and can go at a red light. This will turn on the siren and flasher. As a rule, a rescue service vehicle is involved in departures. The chief of the fire department is driving ahead in a passenger car. A fire truck crane is needed when you have to lift and move large weights. For example, if after a hurricane the streets are littered with trees uprooted, the truck crane removes them, freeing the roadway for traffic. There is also a machine - a ladder and an auto-protection machine. On the extended ladder, you can climb to a height of 40 meters.

For extinguishing fires and auxiliary work, so-called conventional fire engines for various purposes are used, moreover, the type and number of fire-fighting equipment, i.e. the technical means loaded into a particular machine are strictly defined. There are also hose machines that carry a lot of fire hoses.

Technical means

Retractable ladder;

Hydraulic pump;

Stretcher;

Road traffic sign;

Reel with cable;

Expanding pliers with a gas generator;

Chainsaw;

Heat protective suits;

Sleeve bridges;

Mobile radio;

Flashlight;

Gas mask;

Signal flag;

Axe;

Scrap;

Vest of bright (warning) color;

Compressed air cylinders;

Foaming agent containers;

Sleeve reel;

Fire extinguisher;

Pressure sleeves;

Hydrant Keys;

Manual fire nozzles (fire hose tips);

Sleeve ramifications.

What is a voluntary fire brigade?

A voluntary fire brigade has been set up in our village. It employs residents who voluntarily and free of charge are ready to immediately go to extinguish the fire.

When do you call firefighters?

Firefighters not only extinguish fires, they are also caused in other cases: in case of floods, they take part in saving people and animals; in case of car accidents, they help to free people from damaged cars (in our country, this is the responsibility of the rescue service). There are even diving firefighters if there is a shipwreck or oil spill from tankers. In mountainous areas, landslides and avalanches often occur, in other places - earthquakes or volcanic eruptions, sometimes explosions occur in residential buildings. To search for people covered with debris of buildings or littered with earth, snow, canine firefighters with specially trained dogs are used, which are part of the Ministry of Emergency Situations. In addition, firefighters work on the water and at airports, extinguish forest fires.

Virtual educational trip to the Berlin Museum .

The Berlin Fire Service was founded in 1851. Today in the German capital more than 4 thousand people are fighting against fires and for saving people and more than 900 pieces of equipment are used. Over the past year, the emergency number 112 in Berlin was dialed more than 350 thousand times (about 1000 calls a day). Of these, 80% of calls were addressed to the rescue and ambulance service, 11% were false calls, 7% were for technical assistance, and 2% were visits to fires.
The museum is located in one of the municipal fire departments. The entire third floor was given over to the exposition. The dark staircase leading to the museum is decorated in the form of an entrance to a half-burnt building. The sensations, to be honest, are scary: everything around is black, charred, fire hoses are stretched out, and even the smell is appropriate. The effect of the presence is guaranteed.
Inside, everything is arranged according to a similar principle. There is also sound in some places.
In different thematic rooms, the visitor learns about the history of the fire brigade, about its development,
about the equipment used, equipment and many others. dr.

Conclusion and conclusion

We are convinced that the profession of a firefighter is suitable only for strong and courageous people, since it requires a constant stay in a stressful situation and large physical costs from a person.

A firefighter must be able to work in a team , be brave, sociable, because he alone will never be able to do his job. He has a huge responsibility.

Every profession needs love , the profession of a firefighter is no exception.You need to be able to devote yourself entirely to your work, only then you will achieve some positive results and career growth.

We came to the conclusion that you can choose this profession if:
- know how to work in a team;

- have good sports training;

- love to help people.
And, you can't choose this profession , if:
- do not play sports

- conflict by nature.
In the process of creating a training project

we learned working with text, drawing up tables, graphs;

We met with the requirement for the personality of the firefighter, the content of his work; ustroena — pozharnaya — chast /

• materials of the book from the series "Everything about everything" "Firefighters"

The demand for the profession of a firefighter is high these days. At any time of the year, in every locality and beyond, there is often a need for special services personnel whose duties include the elimination of fires of varying degrees of complexity, as well as the prevention of fires.

They were worried about fire safety even in the days of ancient Rome, where a fire fighting brigade was created by order of the emperor Augustus. And today there are similar units in every modern city.

People become fighters with fire by vocation. The ability to protect and save others and to face dangers fearlessly in the eyes every time is hardly just a profession.

The profession of a firefighter (recently they are justly called rescuers) is considered one of the most important in modern society. From early childhood, any child knows the phone number 01 by heart. Fire is a terrible element, and often there is no way for people to save themselves. In such cases, professionals will rush in a fire truck in a matter of minutes. Their priority task is the evacuation of children and adults, and then the elimination of the fire. Fire fighting squads are capable of extinguishing not only houses, but also factories and even forests. There is a fire station in every city and village. Fire fighters are ready to come to the rescue at the right address at any time of the day.

It takes a lot of time and effort to train professional and qualified firefighters. The actions of team members, working in a coordinated and efficient manner, determine how successful the operation to evacuate people and extinguish the fire will be. The fire brigade commander organizes and plans all the work of the employees. Depending on the degree of complexity of the fire, he decides whether additional fire engines and equipment are needed, from where to start the operation to extinguish the fire. Thinking over the right strategy, quickly assessing the situation and using certain equipment is all very difficult, since every minute counts.

Of course, any fire is easier to prevent than extinguish. That is why, in addition to rescuers, the departments need specialists whose activities are aimed at preventing and providing fire protection. Fire protection engineers work in insurance companies, large corporations and enterprises. Such employees analyze data, conduct investigations into fires, approve drawings for building construction, and design all kinds of fire protection systems. These include fire alarms, which are installed on various objects and represent a complex of sensor devices that notify about fires and smoke.

A feature of the firefighter's profession is the fact that the work of a rescuer is, of course, both dangerous and difficult, and you have to go to calls around the clock. But, unfortunately, so far the salaries of firefighters do not correspond to the risks they have to take. Governments have recently been trying to do their best to rectify the current situation. But like any other job, the firefighter profession has its pluses in addition to the minuses. The state provides social benefits, and in connection with the increased danger of the work performed, rescuers are provided with an early pension.

Personal qualities

Courage, a stable psyche, good reaction, discipline, quick-wittedness - these are the main qualities, without which you cannot become a professional firefighter. The work of a rescuer is team-based, so people fighting fire need to be sociable and always able to come to the rescue.

Qualified firefighters need to be highly stress-resistant and have unbending willpower. A rescuer needs to be in excellent physical shape in order to be able to work in uniform, the weight of which is approximately 30 kg.

Education (What do you need to know?)

Representatives of this profession should know the rules of first aid. Rescuers must impeccably observe safety precautions. Firefighters should be proficient in the use of rescue equipment.

You can master the profession of a firefighter by receiving primary or secondary vocational education. There are also courses at the fire department, which can be taken immediately after the army. Those wishing to receive higher education in the field of fire safety at universities, institutes and academies.

Place of work and career

Most of the firefighters serve in the departments of the State Fire Inspection and the Ministry of Emergency Situations, in departmental and private fire protection institutions. As for career growth, an ordinary firefighter after several years of service can become a unit commander. The position of a fire interrogator, inspector or expert can be obtained by graduating from a university.