Names of plasters. Decorative plaster types. What is the difference between structural putty

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Decorative plaster types

Types that do not require further finishing when decorating walls and ceilings are becoming increasingly fashionable. I must say - it is very convenient, quite beautiful and stylish. And if you take into account the fact that the plaster is made mainly from natural materials, then it is safe in terms of ecology.

Types of decorative plaster

The building material has two main areas of application:

external;
internal.

There is also a universal decorative plaster used both indoors and on building facades.

Types of decorative plasters for walls and ceilings include the following elements:

binder;
filler;
additives (in the form of thickeners, solvents, antiseptics, water-repellent substances).

We think it’s worth dwelling on each element decorative plaster and consider them in more detail.

Decorative coating base

The connecting element, in turn, can be on water based and based on natural or synthetic resins.

Decorative plaster for ceilings and walls based on polyurethanes has high wear resistance, strength, resistance to aggressive operating conditions, and excellent adhesion. Polyurethane-based coatings are used in both interior and exterior applications.

Along with the advantages, there are also disadvantages. It can be noted that decorative plaster based on polyurethanes does not burn after complete drying, but if heated above 140°C, the resins that make up the decorative wall covering begin to release substances that have harmful effects. harmful influence on the human body.

As for water-based coatings, we can say that safety is much better here.

When heated, types of decorative plaster that are water-based do not emit harmful substances, but are inferior in other respects. The binders of water-based plaster are acrylic, styrene acrylic, polyvinyl acetate and butadiene - styrene components.

Decorative plaster, which contains acrylic resin, is resistant to ultraviolet radiation and heat, up to 90°C, and also has good water-repellent properties.

Styrene acrylic bases repel water even more actively, have good vapor conductivity and resistance to ultraviolet radiation, but when heated above 65°C they acquire a yellowish tint.

Butadiene - styrene bases have the most high level moisture resistance, but they also acquire a yellow tint at 65°C and above, and do not have vapor conductivity properties at all.

Polyvinyl acetate bases have limited resistance to water, but withstand ultraviolet radiation, in the form of direct sunlight and heating up to 90°C.

Filler for decorative plaster

Varieties of decorative plaster also differ in the type of filler. Everything is much simpler with them. Manufacturers use several types of natural stone, crushed to crumbs, ranging in size from 0.5 to 5 mm.

A crumb of each of the materials used for production decorative coatings, has its own unique properties:

granite chips have an average level of adhesion to binder bases, as well as good resistance to mechanical damage (for example, scratches);
quartz chips have the same basic properties as granite chips;
marble chips, unlike the first two samples, have excellent adhesion parameters to the base, but their resistance to abrasion and mechanical damage is low.

Decorative plaster is divided according to the type of surface formed

The composition of decorative plaster directly affects the method of applying the material to the surface. There are several such methods:

uniform – rough;
furrowed;
simulated.

Finishing walls or ceilings with decorative plaster is a very simple procedure. And considering the fact that you have to improvise a little, it can even be called enjoyable. So that this pleasant procedure is not overshadowed, you need to do some manipulations before purchasing decorative plaster.

For each type of coating, you need to select a material that is more suitable for this coating than others. Information on the compatibility of plaster with various types of coatings can be found on the labels. We strongly recommend that you read this information.

Before purchasing, be sure to check the expiration date of the material; if it has expired, working with such decorative plaster can turn into flour.

And finally, the fact that decorative plaster, the types of which, as you have seen, can be different, is sent from the place of manufacture to retail outlets in various forms:

dry mixtures (which you can prepare for use yourself);
completely ready-to-use mixtures.

The most popular types of finishing coating in our country today:

Venetian plaster;
decorative (so-called roller plaster);
textured plaster “sea breeze”.

Experts use different types of materials to decorate walls. Wallpaper, which has been popular for several decades, is losing its relevance. And they are being replaced by ultra-modern materials, for example, decorative plaster. It has a number of advantages. Using plaster for decoration, builders achieve the effect of marble, metal, granite, and silk. With its help you can even imitate denim or moire fabric.

Advantages of decorative plaster

The time and financial investment required when working with it is small. Decorative plaster looks good in any setting, although most experts insist that it is only suitable for a classic interior. But if you choose the right color and texture, then such a finish will perfectly complement the decor of other styles.

Decorative plaster tends to hide wall imperfections, such as cracks and uneven surfaces. Thanks to this finish, the room can become a little warmer, because plaster is a good heat insulator.

This type consists finishing material made from natural ingredients, does not absorb odors and does not emit harmful substances. Thanks to this, you can be confident that the finish is environmentally friendly and safe for health.

This wall covering is characterized by durability, resistance to temperature changes and requires almost no maintenance. Does not have any joints or seams.

Types of decorative plaster by filler

There are several types of fillers for plaster, which determine its type.

Textured. The most common and not very expensive, it has a coating relief with a height of 0.2 to 2 millimeters. Fillers - wood fiber, mica, small stones.

Structural. It is filled with small grains of quartz, and other minerals are also used. Unlike textured plaster, the surface of structural plaster is more uniform. The microgranules that make it up burst after application, resulting in colored spots appearing on the surface.

Venetian. It contains marble “flour”, and the pattern accurately imitates marble. The surface has a smooth, mirror structure.

Flock coating. It is more modern and has an interesting appearance. Small colored particles are applied to the glue in several layers.

Types of decorative plaster by filler by composition

The composition of the material plays a big role in application and further use. There are several types of plaster depending on its components.

Mineral. Its basis is cement. It is packaged dry and diluted with water before use to form a homogeneous mass. This process uses a special construction mixer. This plaster is additionally painted. The advantage of this type is not high price, although if there are fillers in the composition (gloss, marble chips, etc.), then this type of plaster will cost more.

Acrylic. It is based on acrylic resin. The material is plastic, able to repel water, but is not resistant to combustion, so it is recommended to use it away from mineral wool insulation. Working with acrylic plaster is easy. It is easy to apply and create texture. But before this, it is necessary to prepare the base and primer very well. This type of plaster has a ready-made appearance, so you don’t have to waste time on thinning it. It is necessary to take a closer look at the deadline for final implementation. If it is nearing the end, it is not recommended to take plaster, otherwise it will be more difficult to work with it.

Silicone. Characterized by high elasticity, durability, suitable for different types grounds. The material is modern and versatile. Plaster is easy to care for and even has the ability to self-clean. Available in a wide range of colors and sold in finished form.

Silicate. Its basis is potassium glass. Rarely used indoors, but perfect for facade work.

Mostly decorative plaster is packaged in buckets. Then, if necessary, it is mixed with the necessary additives and applied to the wall. The composition is applied in layers, which are separated by certain periods of time so that the previous layer dries. Most often, from 2 to 12 layers are used.

With the help of plaster you can get a huge number of different decorative effects. The surface can be easily cleaned with water or detergent, retains its appearance for a long time and does not react to negative external influences.

For interior and exterior use

Dry mortar powders made of natural travertine with a binder based on copolymers.

Properties of decorative plaster "TRAVERTINE"

Protects the building façade from damage caused by adverse weather conditions.

It has a natural color that does not fade under the influence of ultraviolet radiation.

Can be polished like natural stone.

Due to its high strength it is resistant to abrasion

Aesthetic – 100% identical texture and texture of natural stone,

Environmentally safe - 96% consists of natural travertine, has no radioactive background,

Non-toxic - when dry, it does not emit toxic fumes,

Vapor permeable - the material “breathes”, which prevents the formation of mold, the proliferation of bacteria and fungi on the surface of the walls.

Easy to apply and virtually waste-free.

Adheses well to the surface.

Application area

Used as a decorative waterproofing coating on building facades and for interior decoration premises.

Can be applied to concrete, stone, plasterboard surfaces, as well as polystyrene foam and metal.

Preparing the base

The base must comply with the requirements of SNiP 3.04.01-87, be dry and sufficiently strong. It should be cleaned of dust, grease and other substances that reduce the adhesion of the plaster. Weak surface areas and peelings should be removed.

Liquid travertine should not be applied to fragile, vibrating or other non-standard surfaces without special training surfaces. You can learn about the types and methods of preparing non-standard surfaces from the specialists of the manufacturing company.

Execution of work

Before starting work, thoroughly mix the contents of the bucket.

To prepare the mixture, take 5-6 liters clean water(temperature from +15 to +20 C) per bucket of mixture.

Mix thoroughly until smooth and without lumps.

Mixing is done using a mixer or drill with an attachment at a rotation speed of 400-800 rpm.

Using a spatula, apply the first layer evenly with a thickness of 0.5 - 1 mm.

After the first layer has completely dried, you can stick on any desired surface pattern with thin tape, for example, in the form of brickwork.

The desired decor can also be applied with any selected stencil.

Then, using a hopper (pneumatic) gun, apply a second layer, 1 - 2 mm thick. After 15-30 minutes, lightly smooth it with a trowel from of stainless steel, such steel does not leave unnecessary marks on the surface.

To achieve greater expressiveness of the texture, you can apply the third layer with a gun in the same way as the previous one.

If you are achieving a rich texture, keep in mind that consumption will increase by 30%.

Lightly smooth the applied layer to achieve the desired texture. natural stone. After smoothing, immediately remove the tape.

After the surface has completely dried, after 24 hours, at a temperature of +15 C, polish it using a hand grinder sandpaper – abrasives No. 100, No. 320, No. 500, until natural stone shines.

You can also rub the surface with a trowel until it dries until it’s glossy, then sanding is not required.

For PREMIUM brand plaster, impregnation coating is not necessary, but will serve as additional protection.

To do this, dilute the protective varnish clean water in a ratio of 1:3 - 1:4 (0.5 liters of impregnation per 1.5 - 2 liters of water). Consumption of protective varnish is 100-200 g per 1 sq.m of surface.

Warning

Do not add any foreign materials (lime, gypsum, clay, etc.) to the prepared solution.

Work should be carried out in dry conditions, at air and base temperatures from +5 to +35 C and relative humidity less than 80%.

During the entire setting period, the applied plaster must be protected from exposure to negative temperatures and rain. If the mixture gets into your eyes, rinse them running water, if necessary, consult a doctor.

Notes

In addition to this technical description When working with the material, you should be guided by SNiP 3.04.01-87, as well as instructions for conducting general construction work and safety precautions in construction.

The manufacturer is not responsible for non-compliance with technology when working with the material, as well as for its use for purposes and conditions not provided for in this technical description. If you are in doubt about the suitability of a material, you should consult the manufacturer.

This technical description, as well as recommendations not confirmed in writing, cannot serve as a basis for the manufacturer’s unconditional liability.

With the appearance of this technical description, all previous ones become invalid.

Shelf life of decorative plaster - liquid stone "TRAVERTINE"

In dry conditions, on pallets, in original undamaged packaging - no more than 12 months from the date of manufacture.

Package

Dry mix “TRAVERTINE” Classic Liquid stone Supplied in 20kg plastic buckets.

Consumption

Dry mixture “TRAVERTINE” Classic Liquid stone - from 10 to 15 sq.m. depending on the desired texture.

The product is certified in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation.

Guarantee

The product has a factory warranty:

Dry mixture “TRAVERTINE” Classic Liquid stone – up to 30 years depending on operating conditions.

Please check with the manufacturer for details of warranty service.